Pharmacology Review

Pharmacology Review

The most commonly used drugs in nursing. by Donna Hess RN, MS

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INSTRUCTIONS: l l

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This Powerpoint is a brief review of the most common drugs utilized in the health care setting. The recommendation is that when you print the presentation or slides that each slide is printed on one sheet of 8” X 11” paper. There are (7) slide about drug administration before the drug slides. Please review the slide because they are important to SAFE drug administration. The content gives you the page numbers for each drug. The drugs are in alphabetical, order based on the drugs in the content.

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CONTENTS: Drugs l l l l l l l

Alzheimer Ammonia Detoxicant Analgesic Antianemic-BRM Antianginal Antianxiety Antiarrhythmic

Page 17 18 19-22 23 24 25 26-28 3

CONTENTS: Drugs l l l l l l l

Page

Anticoagulant 29 Anticonvulsant 30-31 Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer 32 Antidepressant 33-34 Antiemetic 35-36 Antihypertensive 37-39 Anti-Infective 40-45 4

CONTENTS: Drugs

Page

l Antilipemic

47-48 l Antimanic/Mood Stabilizer 49 l Antimicrobial Topical 50 l Antineoplastic Chemotherapy 51-54 l Antiparkinson 55-56 l Antipsychotic & Side Effects 57-60 l Antipsychotic/Non-Phenothiazine 61 5

CONTENT: Drugs

Page

l Antipsychotic/Phenothiazine

62 63 64 65-66 67 68-69 70

l Antituberculosis l Anti-Ulcer l Biologic

Response Modifier l Bone Reabsorption Inhibitors l Bronchodilator/Corticosteroid l Corticosteroid

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CONTENT: Drugs l Digitalis

& Antidote

Page 71

l Diuretic

72-74 l Glaucoma 75-76 l Herbals 77-80 l HIV 81-82 l Hypoglycemia & Hyperglycemia 83 l Hypoglycemic/Insulin 84-85 7

CONTENTS: Drugs

Page

l Hypoglycemic/Oral

86-87 l Iron Administration 88 l Myasthenia Gravis 89 l Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory 90 l Renal Disorders 91 l Sedations 92 l Stimulants (Pediatric) 93 8

CONTENTS: Drugs l l l l

Page

Thrombolytic 94-95 Thyroid 96 Uterine Stimulants (Maternal) 97 Withdrawal & Drug Overdose 98-99

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3 Checks of Drug Administration: Check the drug with the MAR or the medication information system when removing the mediation from the container. l Check the drug when preparing it; pouring it, taking it out of the container, or connecting the IV tubing to the bag. l Checking the drug before administrating it to the client and comparing the MAR with the client ID Band. l

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Drug Administration Abbreviations: l Only

us the abbreviations deemed appropriate by the Institute for Safe Medication Practice or health care facility. l Avoid medication errors: -qd = daily or every day -qhs = nightly -qod = every other day 11

Pharmocokinetics: l

Review each drug for: 1. Ability of drug to cross plasma membranes. 2. Absorption of drug 3. Distribution of drug 4. Metabolism of drug 5. Excretion of drug 6. Drug plasma concentration and Therapeutic response 7. Plasma ½ life and drug duration 8. Loading dose and Maintenance dose 12

Drug Receptor Interactions: Agonist – drug that produces the same type of response as the bodies internal response l Partial Agonist – a drug that produces a weaker or less effective response than the internal agonist response l Antagonist – drug that occupies a receptor site and prevents the internal response from occurring *Sometimes drugs compete for the receptor binding site and some inhibit the effects of the agonist.* l

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Topical Drug Administration: l Dermatological

preparations-creams, lotions, gels, powder, spray l Instillations & Irrigations-eye, ear, nose, urinary bladder, rectum, vagina l Inhalations-inhaler, nebulizers, positive pressure equipment

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Other Routes of Administration: Sublingual l Buccal l GI Tube (NGT, gastric) l Transdermal l Nasal l Intravenous (IV) l Subcutaneous (SQ) (needle 45-90 degrees) l Intramuscular (IM) (needle 90 degrees) l Intradermal (ID) (needle 10-15 degrees) l

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Do Not Crush Drugs: l Capsules l Enteric

Coated l Sustained-Release (SR) l Extended-Release (XL) l Long Acting (LA) *Always review the medication in an updated Drug Book. 16

Alzheimer

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Ammonia Detoxicant/ Stimulant Laxative

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Analgesic (1)

19

Analgesic (2)

20

Analgesic (3)

21

Analgesic (4)

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Antianemic-Biologic Response Modifier (BMR)

23

Antianginal

24

Antianxiety

25

Antiarrhythmic (1)

26

Antiarrhythmic (2)

27

Antiarrhythmic (3)

28

Anticoagulant

29

Anticonvulsant (1)

30

Anticonvulsants (2)

31

Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer

32

Antidepressant (1)

33

Antidepressant (2)

34

Antiemetic (1)

35

Antiemetic (2)

36

Antihypertensive (1)

37

Antihypertensive (2)

38

Antihypertensive (3)

39

Anti-Infective (1)

40

Anti-Infective (2)

41

Anti-Infective (3)

42

Anti-Infective (4)

43

Anti-Infective (5)

44

Anti-Infective (6)

45

Anti-Infective (7)

46

Antilipemic (1)

47

Antilipemic (2)

48

Antimanic/Mood Stabilizer Anticonvulsant/ Mood Stabilizer

49

Antimicrobial Topical

50

Antineoplastic Chemo. (1)

51

Antineoplastic Chemo. (2)

52

Antineoplastic Chemo. (3)

53

Antineoplastic Chemo. (4)

54

Antiparkinson (1)

55

Antiparkinson (2)

56

Antipsychotic

57

Antipsychotic Side Effects (1)

58

Antipsychotic Side Effects (2)

59

Antipsychotic Side Effects (3)

60

Antipsychotic Non-Phenothiazines

61

Antipsychotic/Phenothiazines

62

Antituberculosis

63

Anti-Ulcer

64

Biologic Response Modifier (1)

65

Biologic Response Modifier (2)

66

Bone Reabsorption Inhibitors

67

Bronchodilator/Corticosteriod (1)

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Bronchodilator/Corticosteroid (2)

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Corticosteroid

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Digitalis & Antidote

71

Diuretic (1)

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Diuretic (2)

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Diuretic – Osmotic (3)

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Glaucoma (1)

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Glaucoma (2)

76

Herbal (1)

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Herbal (2)

78

Herbal (3)

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Herbal (4)

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HIV (1)

81

HIV (2)

82

Hypoglycemia & Hyperglycemia Signs and Symptoms

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Hypoglycemic Insulin (1)

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Hypoglycemic Insulin (2)

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Hypoglycemic Oral (1)

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Hypoglycemic Oral (2)

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Iron Administration

88

Myasthenia Gravis

89

NSAIDS

90

Renal Disorders

91

Sedation

92

Stimulants: Pediatric

93

Thrombolytic (1)

94

Thrombolytic (2)

95

Thyroid

96

Uterine Stimulant (Maternal)

97

Withdrawal Drug Overdose (1)

98

Withdrawal Drug Overdose (2)

99

References: l HESI

NCLEX-RN Review Manual 2006on reserve in HCC Library l Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiologic Approach 2005 l Pharmacology for Nurses 2008 l

**Information in this document will be updated monthly and placed in Docushare & Blackboard.

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