Pharmacology Exam Review

Quiz and Exam 6 notes How ASA and acetaminophen are classified- analgesics their functions are for pain The official name of a drug is the generic name FDA Food and Drug Administration- cosmetic act protects the public by ensuring composition of food purity Factors to consider with geriacteric patients Change in composition Change in body function and living conditions Inscription-name of drug strength dose on prescription Peds dose of medication is smaller than adults Heparin and Coumadin are anticoagulants The science of drugs on living organisms history origin is Pharmacology Oral medications are given frequently Drugs absorbed in the bloodstream throughout the body are systemically Demerol 25 mg IM q 4 hrs as needed is what kind of order prn Know what an adverse reaction is –any unexpected or dangerous reaction to a drug. An unwanted effect caused by the administration of a drug. The onset of the adverse reaction may be sudden or develop over time alos called adverse drug event (ADE) or adverse drug reaction (ADR) What is distribution- drugs passing through the body fluid and tissues M.A. need to have an understanding of medication for safety of the patient and use of Diphenhydramine-benadryl Cortisone-anti inflammatory for arthritis Xanax- anxiety disorder alprazolam Anticoagulants are blood thinners and they delay clotting Sedatives- induce sleep Formula calculations of peds doses by lot is called Clarke’s Rule Antihistamines- use for allergic reations Ventalin- bronchodialator inhaler to treat asthma NSAID-non steriodal anti inflammatory drug Staff of Aesculapius- depicts a serpent encircling a staff and signifies the art of healing. The Staff of Aesculapius has been adopted by the AMA as the symbol of medicine. The mythological staff belonging to Apollo, the caduceus, which is a staff encircled by two serpents, is the medical insignia of the U.S. Army Medical Corps and is often misused as a symbol of the medical profession PharmoKinetic term DAME Dame-drugs passes through the bodies fluid and tissue Absorption- how a drug is absorbed into the body’s circulating fluids, which . Depends on the route by which it is administered Metabolism- how the drug is inactive, including the time it takes for a drug tobe Detoxified and broken down into byproducts Excretion- the route by which a drug is excreted or eliminated, from the body And the amount of time such a process requires A single drug has three names

Chemical Generic Trade OTC can alter Rx medications Diurnal- pertaining to the time of day or night What is a scored tablet- tablet that is manufactored with an indentation for division through the center 1 oz = 30 cc Patient education is crucial to giving medications at home 1 tsp = 5 cc/ml Father of medicine- Hippocrates Patients Rights Right patient Right med Right dose Right route Right refuse Right time Right document Control drugs should be in a secured area and locked M.A. is responsible for administering medications ethically and responsible for own actions Define edema- abnormal amount of fluid in interstitial space of tissue Meniscus- curved formation of liquid ina tube Wheal-localized area of edema or a raised lesion Name the routes of medication Oral buccal intramuscular intradermal rectal vaginal subcutaneous instillation topical intravenous inhalation Define DEA 1973 – a drug or other substance that has potential for illegal use and abuse must be placed on the controlled substance list. Any new medication that has a similar action to a drug already on the controlled list is also considered one that has potential for abuse. Physician needs separate DEA number for each site HIPAA- Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act of 1996 signed into law 21 Aug 1996-the Kassebaum-Kennedy Act designed to improve pportability and continuity of health insurance coverage; to combat waste, fraud, and abuse in the use of medical savings acconts; to improve access to long-term care services and coverage; to simplify the administration of health insurance; and for other purposes. PharmoKinetic term SALE G FEET Syrup- solution of sugar and water usually for coughs Aromatic waters- volatile oils such as oil of spearmint peppermint or clove Liquors- non-volatile materials alcohol solute Emulsions-mixtures of oil and water Gels and magmas- minerals suspends in water eg. MOM

Fluid extracts- combinations of alcohol and vegetable products that are more potent than tinctures Elixirs-aromatic, alcoholic sweetened preparation Tinctures- an alcoholic preparation of a soluable drug or chemical substance usually from plant sources. DRUG SUFFIXES Caine- local anesthetics Cillin- antibiotics Dine-anti ulcer agents Done- opoid analgesics Ide- oral hypoglycemics Iam- anti anxiety agent Micin- antibiotics Mide- diuretics Nium- neuromuscular block agent Olol- beta blocker cardio Oxacin- antibiotics Pam- anti anxiety agent Pril- ace inhibitors Sone- steriods Statins- antilipemics Vir- antivirals Zide- diuretics Acrochordon- benign pedunculated growth commonly on eyelids neck (skin tag) Ace inhibitor- angiotensin converting enzyme ace inhibitor action blocks the conversion angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II SCHEDULE OF DRUGS I no accepted medical use High potential for abuse Posession of these drugs is illegal Heroin,lysergic acid diethylamide(LSD), marijuana II Accepted for medical use but with severe restrictions High potential for abuse May cause severe psychological or physical dependence Opium,morphine,methadone,cocaine,amphetamine,cannabis,oxcodone III Accepted for medical use Potential for abuse less than I or II May cause moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological Dependence Includes combination of drugs that contain limited amounts of narcartics or stimulants

Tylenol with codeine IV Accepted for medical use Low potential for abuse May cause limited physical or psychological dependence in comparison to schedule III drugs Includes minor tranquilizers and hypnotics Valium,dalmane,chloral hydrate, darvon, talwin,xanax,halcion,restoril, ativan, ambien V accepted for medical use low potential for abuse may cause limited physical or psychological dependence in comparison to schedule IV drugs includes drug mixtures containing limited amounts of narcartics cough medicines containing codeine,lomotil