Pesquisa De Alcool Na Familia

PESQUISA DE ALCOOL NA FAMILIA CELSO DE CASTRO Methods Mol Biol. 2003;233:555-70.

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Alcohol addiction. Olive MF, Ron D. There is increasing evidence for a role of individual protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in the pathology of various diseases of the brain (1). For example, it was recently demonstrated that a mutation in PKCgamma results in Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in rats (2). There is also evidence that alterations in the expression of PKC isoforms may influence alcohol consumption and the behavioral responses to alcohol and other drugs of abuse (3-7). However, the paucity of pharmacological ligands that selectively modulate the activity of individual PKC isozymes has compelled scientists to turn to genetic methods, such as viral gene delivery, antisense oligonucleotide, and targeted gene-deletion techniques to ascertain the function of individual PKC isoforms in vivo. Alcohol (ethyl alcohol, or ethanol) has been shown to alter the function and activity of numerous types of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system. However, it is increasingly apparent that ethanol also affects multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Of these, signaling by the PKC family of enzymes has received considerable attention. In vitro studies have shown that acute alcohol exposure can directly inhibit or enhance PKC activity and alter the subcellular distribution of individual PKC isozymes, whereas chronic exposure to ethanol generally leads to an upregulation of PKC expression and/or function (8,9). In this chapter, we discuss several methodologies for determining ethanol consumption patterns and the behavioral effects of ethanol that are suitable for use in PKC isoform "knockout" mice. First, we discuss two separate methods of determining voluntary ethanol intake. We then discuss several behavioral assays for the determination of the acute effects of ethanol on motor behavior. PMID: 12840534 [PubMed - in process] Related Articles,

Sources of distress among women in treatment with their alcoholic partners. Kahler CW, McCrady BS, Epstein EE. Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-BH, 02912, Providence, RI, USA We examined sources of psychological and relationship distress among 90 nonalcoholic women with alcoholic male partners seeking outpatient, conjoint alcohol treatment. Results indicated that greater psychological distress among these women was most strongly associated with lower satisfaction with the marital

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relationship, presence of domestic violence, lower frequency of male partner's drinking, lower perceived social support from family, and more frequent attempts to cope with the partner's drinking. Controlling for psychological distress, greater marital satisfaction was associated most strongly with greater attempts to reinforce positively the partner's abstinence and with less effort to detach from the partner's drinking. Severity of partner's alcohol problems was unexpectedly associated with greater marital satisfaction in multiple regression analyses, though not in bivariate analyses. Results highlight the close connection between psychological and relationship distress and potential relations between alcohol-related coping behaviors and both psychological and relationship distress. PMID: 12810147 [PubMed - in process] Marital Fam Ther. 2003 Jan;29(1):121-46.

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Alcohol abuse. O'Farrell TJ, Fals-Stewart W. Harvard Families and Addiction Program, Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at the VA Boston Healthcare System, VAMC-116B1, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, Massachusetts 02301, USA. [email protected] We reviewed 38 controlled studies of marital and family therapy (MFT) in alcoholism treatment. We conclude that, when the alcoholic is unwilling to seek help, MFT is effective in helping the family cope better and motivating alcoholics to enter treatment. Specifically, (a) Al-Anon facilitation and referral help family members cope better; (b) Community Reinforcement and Family Training promotes treatment entry; and (c) the popular Johnson intervention apparently does not effectively promote treatment entry. Once the alcoholic enters treatment. MFT, particularly behavioral couples therapy (BCT), is clearly more effective than individual treatment at increasing abstinence and improving relationship functioning. BCT also reduces social costs, domestic violence, and emotional problems of the couple's children. Future studies need to specifically evaluate: MFT with women and with minority patients, mechanisms and processes of change, and transportability of evidence-based MFT approaches to clinical practice settings. Publication Types: • •

Review Review, Academic

PMID: 12616803 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]