Pe E-learning Gca

Games Concept Approach

Games Concept Approach (GCA) There are 3 categories of GCA: Net / Wall Territorial Striking / Fielding

What is a Net / Wall Game? It is a game in which an object, usually a ball

or a shuttlecock, is played across a barrier usually a net placed at a pre-determined height. The idea is to play an object in such a way that the opponent on the opposing court cannot return the object successfully. Common examples: badminton, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball.

Fundamental Questions Attack How to create space for an attack How to win a point Defence How to defend space How to defend against an attack

Attack Creating space for attack Place the object in an area on court that will force your opponent to move into a position that will leave space for your next shot  Create Open Space to gain an advantage over your opponent.

Attack – Creating Space Manipulation of the opponent in his/her own court Moving the opponent up and down the court Moving the opponent to the left and right of the court Sending the object to open space and away from the opponent

Attack – Creating Space To bring out these games concepts successfully, we can exaggerate the playing area and modify the rules.

Attack – Creating Space 1. Example of an exaggerated playing area:  use of a long thin court to expose enough open spaces in the opponent’s court.  Conditions: restricted to underarm throws only. Move opponent up and down the court, send the ball to the front and back of opponent’s court.

By attacking the open spaces on the front and back of the opponent’s court, students are in control of the game.

Attack – Creating Space 2. Space can also be created by moving the opponent to the left and right of the court.  Use a short and wide court

Attack – Creating Space 3. Student will attack all the available open spaces on opponent’s court, by applying the two concepts taught earlier.  Send the object to open spaces away from the opponent to gain an advantage over their opponent by controlling his or her movement on the court.

Attack – Creating Space Summary: Send an object to open space on the opponent’s court to manipulate his or her movement. The opponent cannot get to the object in time to return it or the opponent may be physically exhausted by moving round the court.

Attack – Winning a Point Capitalize the space created to win points in a

game. The most effective way to win points is to attack any weak return shots that are high and near the net.

Attack – Winning a Point However in the event that the opportunity to launch a direct attack is not there, learn how to set up for an attack. Apply the following 3 games concepts: 1. Attacking any weak return shot that is high and near the net 2. Setting up for an attack by sending the object fast and low to the back of opponent’s court 3. Setting for an attack by sending object high

Attack – Winning a Point Use a long thin court that will expose enough

movement areas at the front of the court. Condition: can only throw the ball downwards across the net if they manage to catch any return balls above their heads. to stimulate an attacking action in an actual

game, and to allow students to discover that it is actually easier to attack from the front of the court rather than from the back of it.

Attack – Winning a Point How to create this advantageous situation: Change the pace of the game by sending the object fast and low to the back of opponent’s court, making it difficult for him to react to it. This allows you to attack weak return shots near the attacking zone.

Attack – Winning a Point In team games, cooperation and teamwork

come into play. Send the object high to your teammate in the

front court for them to attack near the net. Conditions: only one pass allowed except on service, and all underarm throws unless the ball is caught above the head in the attacking zones.

Applicable to team games with more than 2

players, e.g. volleyball, sepak takraw.

Defence – Defending Space 2 defensive Game Concepts: Always return/move to the relative centre of the court after returning the object The relative centre will be (estimated) centre of

the remaining open space (not covered by teammate) when teammate moves to return the object.

Defence – Defending Space In any defensive move, return to the relative

centre of the court. Be in a position to cover all aspects of the court for the next shot. Conditions: only allow underarm throws, and

they must move back to the demarcated points before receiving the next ball.

E.g. mini tennis and pickleball  the centre

position will be nearer to the back of the court to make allowance for bounce of ball.

Defence – Defending Against an Attack An eye for an eye! If opponent sends an object to open space away from you, defend by sending object to open space away from opponent, rather than straight back. Be aware of the position of opponent in

opposing court. Return object to open space away from opponent!

Games Modifications Aims Meet needs and abilities of students. Small sided games to make students more active. Examples Height of net Playing area Rules/conditions of game/boundaries Scoring system introduced to increase

What is a Territorial Invasion Game? 2 teams compete within an area that offers

opportunities for offensive and defensive play. Goal is to invade opponent’s territory to score.  Teams score by moving an object usually a ball into another team’s territory and shoot into a fixed goal or moving the object across a line goal.

What is a Territorial Invasion Game? Ball carrier chooses between the options of

shooting dribbling or passing while the rest of the team players decide their positioning possibilities. The opposing team must try to stop the team from bringing the ball into their territory and scoring. Therefore decisions about who and where to guard are important.

What is a Territorial Invasion Game? Examples: Games with high goals: basketball, netball Games with low goals: handball soccer hockey floorball Games with line goals: ultimate Frisbee, rugby

Fundamental Questions Attack Keeping possession of the ball Scoring: create shooting opportunity Scoring: Attacking the goal Defence Regain possession of the ball Prevent scoring: deny shooting space

Attack – Keeping Possession of the Ball To win, need to score. To score, need to have the ball. Achieved by applying the following Game Concepts: If you are the ball carrier, pass ball to

teammate who is free Or travel with ball to open space away from defender (and then pass to free teammate) If your teammate has the ball, move to open space away from defender to support the ball carrier (take the initiative)  create passing lane

Attack – Keeping Possession of the Ball How? Set up simple ball possession games: simplified uneven-sided game no high passes allowed defenders must always move towards the ball

carrier attacking team scores every 6-7 consecutive passes

Allow ball carrier to move. BUT team changes

possession when defending player tags the player with both hands.

Attack - Scoring: Create shooting opportunity How to score? For a line goal/target: create a passing lane to the scoring zone High goal: move the ball to the shooting zone (close enough to the goal to shoot) Low goal: Create an open angle to shoot (ball carrier draws 2 defenders towards him and pass to free teammate)

Attack - Scoring: Attack the Goal Line goal: pass ball with appropriate weight

for receiver to score at scoring zone High goal: send ball with right trajectory towards goal Low goal: send ball low and hard towards goal

Defence – Regain Possession of Ball Anticipate and intercept the pass Pressure and tackle the opponent E.g. rugby

Defence – Preventing Scoring: Deny Shooting Space Line goal: Stay close to target man & deny

the passing lane High goal: Stay goalside & pressure the shooter when near the shooting goal Low goal: Stay goalside and cover the shooting angle

What is Stay Goalside? Position yourself between attacker and the

goal High goal: stay by goalside and move up to attacker when he gets close to shoot. Low goal: defend goal by moving in right direction. Shooting angles are formed based on the position of defender/goalkeeper in relation to the shooter and the goal.  good to move out towards shooter to narrow shooting angle.

What is a Striking / Fielding Game? 2 teams of players: one team will be striking or batting an object/implement the other team will be fielding and throwing the object to the bases Examples: Rounders, Tee-Ball, Softball,

Baseball, Cricket.

What is a Striking / Fielding Game? For batting team main goal is to score more runs than opponents by hitting and placing the object in such a way that its players can run the bases. Generally a run is scored when batter gets all the way round the bases and return to the home base without getting out by the fielding team. For fielding team main goal is to get the batters out

Fundamental Questions Attack Get on first base Get on bases beyond first base Aid runners to move to next base Defence Defend space Defend bases

Modifications to the Game No of bases (2 to 4) Batting implement: racquet, ball Size of object Where object is pitched No of players (5 to 6) Playing area (triangle, square) Scoring

Attack – Getting on First Base HOW and WHERE To hit the object in order to get on first base hit the object low and hard into open space, away from first base E.g. In softball games with 4 bases, where

should batter hit to? Left towards third base 

Hitting into open space will create time and space for him/her to get on the first base successfully, as the defenders will be drawn away temporarily towards the hit.

Attack – Getting on Bases beyond First Base With a single hit. necessary in situations where only one batter is left and no runners on bases, and he needs to score home run hit object hard and far into open space beyond infield! Away from the base he is targeting to run.

Attack – Aiding Runners to Move to Next Base If there is a runner on any of the bases,

how and where should you hit the object to? hit object hard and far into open space, away

from base runner intends to run to.

Defence – Defending Space Position fielders to defend space where

the batter (most probably) intends to hit to. create differentiated point zones for batter to

hit towards to.

Move to field object if object is hit to

fielder’s area

Defence – Defending Bases Field and throw the object to first base

(immediately!) Field and throw object to nearest base to which a batter or runner is running to.