Oway No.3_print Version

  • June 2020
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ukad tmifqef; OuúX ArmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾(1937)

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ArmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGUJ csKyo f nf wuúov dk ?f aumvdy?f odyrÜH sm;rS ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;? tajccHynmausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vkH;\ tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfygonf/ ArmEkdifiHonf ppftmPm&SifpepftarSmifacwfwGif usa&mufaeonfh tcsdeftcg jzpfaomaMumifh ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vk;H onf ArmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om; or*¾rsm; tzGJUcsKyf vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ukd pDpOfaqmif&GufaeMuaom ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;ukd wkduf½kduf qufo, G af qmif&u G Ef idk &f ef tcuftcJrsm; &SEd idk yf gonf/ rnfoUdk yifjzpfap? rdrw d Udk tm;vk;H \ tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfaomaMumifh ArmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om; or*¾rsm;tzGUJ csKyrf S vIy&f mS ; aqmif&u G rf I rsm;ukd rdrdwkdU tqifajyovkd vkdufygaqmif&GufEkdifcGifh&SdMuygonf/ xkaYd Mumifh ,ckxw k af 0aom ArmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; tzGUJ csKy\ f tk;d a0 *sme,fudk or*¾pw d "f gwf&adS om ausmif;ol ausmif;om;wkid ;f uk, d t fh pDtpOfjzifh rdwLÅ yGm;í BuKd uo f avmuf jzeffYcsdEkdifygaMumif; today;tyfygonf/ / 28

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf

tdk;a0 *sme,f

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf

tk;d a0opöm vufq,fjzm xdyfrSmrdk;í &dkaopGm &Spfckd;uefawmhvdkufyg\ tmZmenf t&Sio f jl rwfwYkd bk&m; — t&Sifbk&m;wdkY\ MuD;rm;vSaom arwÅmw&m;udk a&SUwef;wifí jynfow l \ Ykd 'kua© wGukd pmemem;vnfvyS gaom tmZmenf t&Sio f jl rwfrsm;? bk&m;&Sif\ om;awmfrsm;yDovSpGm arwÅmw&m;udk a&SUwef;wifí tmPm&Sif ppfbv D ;l udk Nird ;f csr;f pGm arwÅmw&m; yGm;rsm;ay;cJah om tmZmenf t&Sifoljrwfrsm;? 0denf;usr;f *efEiS t hf nD rw&m;&ufpufowfjzwfru I kd &J0ifph mG &ifqikd í f ywÅedukZe uHaqmifawmfrlaom tmZmenf t&Sifoljrwfrsm;? ppftmPm&Siftpdk;&\ rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifrIudk wnfNidrfpGm jzwfoef;&if; tusOf;axmifxJwGif &[ef;w&m;yGm;rsm;um odu©myk'fudk apmifhxdef;aeawmfrlaom tmZmenf t&Sifoljrwfrsm;? &ufpuf,w k rf mvSaom tmPm&Sif ppftpd;k &aMumifh t&Sib f &k m;wd\ Yk aoG;wdkYajrccJh&aom þpufwifbmonf wausmhjyefvnfa&muf&dScJhygNyD/ t&Sib f &k m;wk\ Yd aoG;wdpYk ;D 0ifepfcahJ om ESpo f ed ;f av;aomif; txk&Sd aom þ r[myx0D ajrMuD;onf t&Sifbk&m;wdkY\ arwÅmw&m;twGuf oufaoyifjzpfawmhonf/ þr[myx0DajrMu;D &daS eorQumvywfv;kH arwÅm w&m;\ tvif; a&mifonf vif;vufaetHk;rnfom/ uREkfyfwdkYausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\udk,fpm; þpmpkjzifh tmZmenf t&SifoljrwfwdkYtm; &Spfcdk;ylaZmfyg\/ uREkfyfwdkYausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;onfvnf; þppftmPm&Sifpepf tjrpfjyKwfonftxd qufvufwdkufyGJ 0ifoGm;rnfhtaMumif;udk t&Sifbk&m; wdkY\aoG; wynfhawmfwdkYausmif;olausmif;om;wkdY\aoG; jynfolwdkY\aoG; pD;0ifaeaom þr[myx0DajrMuD;udk oufaoxlí opömwdkifwnfyg\ t&Sifbk&m;/ ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; 2

OD;0if;wif owif;pmq&m Ekid if aH &;orm;

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rdbjynfol ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;okdY jyefMum;csuf &ufpufMurf;MuKwfaom? 'Drkdua&pD wjym;om;rS r&Sdaom zufqpfqefonfh ppftmPm&Sif pepfatmufwGif ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;onf or*¾\ wjcm;Ekid if aH &;wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&if; tk;d a0*sme,fudk ykrH eS f xkwaf 0Ekid &f ef usm;ukwu f sm;cJ tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;aeMu&ygonf/ ausmif;om;or*¾\tmabmfukdxif[yfaom? vGwfvyfa&;zcifBuD; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ac: ukdatmifqef; wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhaom orkdif;tpOftvmBuD;rm;onfh tkd;a0*sme,fukd jyefvnfxkwfa0&jcif;vnf;jzpfNyD;? vuf&Sdjzpfay:aeaom acwftajc taeukdvnf; xif[yfaz:jyEkdif&ef? Armjynfolvlxk\ ppftmPm&SifpepfqefYusifa&;? 'Drkdua&pDa&;wkdufyGJwGif tkd;a0 *sme,frS wwyfwtm; yg0iftm;jznfhEkdif&ef BudK;pm;ae&jcif;vnf; jzpfyg onf/ wenf;tm;jzifq h adk omf tvGew f m0efBu;D Ny;D ? ppftmPm&Siaf tmufwiG f tk;d a0*sme,fudk vQKd U0Suf xkwfa0&jcif; jzpfonfhtwGuf tcuftcJ tMuyftwnf;rsdK;pkH&Sdaeygonf/ xkdokdYaom tajctaetaMumif;rsm;aMumifh usaemfwkdY\ tkd;a0*sme,fwGif csdKU,Gif; tm;enf; csufrsm; rvGJra&Smifom yg&SdaerSm aocsmygonf/ usaemfwkdY\ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd rnfolrqkd axmufjy a0zefapvkdygonf/ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd axmufjya0zefjcif; rjyKrSmukdyif usaemfwkdY txl;pkd;&drfrdygonf/ xkdYaMumifh csdKU,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd jyifqifEkdif&ef? jznfhqnf;Ekdif&eftwGuf vkdtyfaom orkdif;tcsuftvufrsm;? pmrlrsm;? a0zeftMuHay;pmrsm; ay;ykdYjcif;? tzufzufrS ukd,fwwfEkdifonfhykHpHESifh ulnDjcif;jzifh tkd;a0*sme,fukd ausmif;om;? jynfolw&yfvkH;u 0kdif;0ef;aqmif&Gufaeonfh ppftmPm&Sif pepfqefUusifa&;? 'Drkdua&pDa&;wkdufyGJ0if pmapmifwpfcktjzpf oabmxm;Mu&ef yefMum;tyfygonf/ tdk;a0*sme,f

27

tdk;a0 *sme,f

pmudkom &GwfjyvdkufcsifawmYw,f/ tdkif ,mvefonf tb,faMumifþ Y rQ qlyl ae oenf;/ taMumif;t&if;Zpfjrpfudk um; xdefjrKyfí oifwdkYonf acsmfawmaigYum xif&majymbdkY omwwfMuonf/ oifwdkY zdpD;ESdyfuGyfonfukd rcHEdkifjcif;aMumifYom r[kwyf gavm/ oifonf jrif;wpfaumifudk wHcg;0if;wGif MuKd ;ESiw Yf w k f &uf&ufpufpuf &d k u f E S u f v Qif x d k j rif ; oif Y u d k j yef í uef aMumufu jrif;udk tqd;k qdrk nfavm/ acG; wpfaumifudk ESpf&Snfvrsm; nSif;qJ ESdyf pufcNYJ y;D vQif xdak cG; oifu Y kd jrifwikd ;f a[mif aomaMumifY acG;udk &l;onfqdkthHavm/ tdik , f mvefwikd ;f om;wdo Yk nf y#doaE¨ tm; jzifY ,kwn f aH omoabm&SMd uí tvGef ql qlyyl l vkyw f wfonf[k oifu rpGypf rJG D oif onf olwdkYtm;vHk;tm; wef;wlrdwfaqG vlvlcsif;[k oabmxm;cJYbl;ygovm;/ ar;csi\ f / oifonf olwYkd \ ul; oef;a&mif;0,fa&;wGif olwYkd t usKd ;udk Munf&Y Ul umuG,cf b YJ ;l yg\ avm/ oifonf olwdkY\ trsdK; bmom omoemudk av;pm;cJY yg \avm/ olwdkY\ vGwfvyfa&; udk oif\ vGwv f yfa&;uJo Y Ykd cif rif vdv k m;cJyY g\avm/ trSeftm;jzifY oifonf þ onfwdkYudk *&krpdkufcJY/ oif um; olwYkd ajr,mrsm;udk odr;f cJ\ Y / olwu Ykd kd owfypfc\ YJ / wuRe;f odYk ydcYk \ YJ / olwEYkd iS Yf xdu k w f efaom t cGifYta&;rsm;udk ray;cJY/ odkYpOf vsuf tdik , f mvefwikd ;f om;rsm; ql ylí oifwdkYudkrkef;aomtcg xdk rke;f wD;jcif;rSm 4if;wd\ Yk yifu, kd f

26

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf

oabmxm; ,kwn f aH om aMumif[ Y í l 4if; trsdK;udkuyif acwfrrSDEdkifatmif &dkif;pdkif; vsuf ,SOaf us; odraf rGY jcif;iSm vH;k vH;k rpGr;f Ed k i f M uol r sm; jzpf o nf [ k oif qd k & uf avonf/ eDvma&mifajy;aeaom aumif; uif o d k Y a rmY v suf usaemf o nf pd w f y g vufyg xdkqpfweDprpf\ pmudk &Gwfav jy;D onf\ tqH;k ü Munfv Y u kd &f m o&ufyif rsm;Mum;wG i f E G m ;eD r uav; wpf a umif aemufoYkd okwaf jcwifí oGm;aeaom EGm; eDBu;D udk jrifvu kd f &ygonf/ vmvrf;jzifY jyefcJYaom usaemf um; pdwfraumif;acs/ EGm;MuD;udk oydwf taMumif; ajym&onfrmS uRyJ g; apmif;wD; &SdvS\wum;/ *&kpkdufyHkvnf;ray: em; vnf[efvnf;r&Sd/ a[m&ajym&ol wGif um; armvS\/ tdk EGm;awG EGm;awG EGm;wdYk onfum; t[dwf wd&pämef tEÅrsm; omjzpfuek \ f / oydwu f v kd nf; em;r vnf? w&m;udv k nf; em;r0if/ 4if; wd\ Yk 0g'ESiYf vkyif ef;um; oHo&m wavQmufv;kH jrufpm;í aemufacs; ,dNk y;D vQif EGm;r aemufvu kd &f efom wwfMuavawmYownf;/ /

a&;ol armifnKd jr (tk;d a0r*¾Zif;? twG(J 6) trSw(f 1)rS jyefvnfu;l ,l az:jyygonf/)

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oifwkdYu aoewfeJY p ypfwmvm;vkdY ar;vmcJhvQif jiif;Muayvdrfhrnf/ oHCmawmfrsm;\ vufxJrSm ... ausmif;ol ausmif;om;wkdY\ vufxJrSm ... jynfolvlxk\ vufxJrSm ... vlowfypönf;qkdvkdY jrLwpfrIefrQ r&Sd/ okdYaomf trSefw&m;awmh &Sdonf/ oufO;D qHyidk pf epf[k ac:qkad om a&S;bk&ifacwfrsm;uyif wkid ;f oljynfom; vlt rsm;u rauseyfonfrsm;&Scd ahJ omf &Sib f &k ifBu;D odap&ef oGm;a&muf atmf[pfajymqk&d onfh [pfwkdifqkdaom ae&mXmeESifh tokH;tEIef;&SdcJhonf/ jynfolYtoHukd xkdae&mu Mum;& Ekid o f nf/ wdwq f w d af ejcif;onf ajymp&mr&Sad omaMumifv h m;? ajymcGirhf &aomaMumifv h m;/ trSefw&m;ukd az:xkwfcGifhr&vQif rrSefw&m;rsm; BuD;pkd;aeawmhrnf/ rnfoyYdk ifjzpfap Ny;D cJo h nfh 2007 Mo*kw-f pufwifbmumvwGif jrefrmEkid if w H 0ef; teufa&mifvrf;rBuD;rsm;onf [pfwkdifvrf;rBuD;rsm;jzpfcJhMuonf/ ukeaf ps;EIe;f Bu;D jrifo h nf'h Pf? 'Dru dk a&pDro hJ nf'h Pfudk onf;rcHEidk Mf uawmh? trSef w&m;ukd azmfxkwfajymqkdMuawmhonf/ ajymykHajymenf;u arwÅmjzifhajymenf; .../ okaYd omf ppftmPm&Siw f u Ydk usnq f jH zifh jyefajzonf? eHygwfww k jf zifh jyefajzonf/ ppftmPm&SifwkdY\ pOf;pm;awG;ac:ykHonf 1962 ckESpf pwufvmuwnf;u ,aeYtxd tajymif;tvJr&Sdao;? jynfolvlxk\ qE´trSefukd az:xkwfonfhtcgwkdif; ypfowfjycJo h nf/ ppftpkd;&ukd rauseyfaMumif; 2007 pufwifbm vlxk qE´jyyGJu ylylaEG;aEG;? wpfESpfyif rjynfhao;/ypfowfaeonfhMum;u ppfzGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'ukd jynfol wpf&yfvkH;u wcJeufaxmufcHaMumif; ppftpkd;&rS aMunmvkdufonf/ (8)v (9)twGif; wkdif;jynfonf ykdwkd;wufvmwmr&Sd? ykdqkwf,kwfoGm;wm ykdzdESdyfvmonfom &Sd\/ pufwifbmawmif;qdkcsufrsm;uvnf; t&mrxifao;/xkdokdYaom tajctaersdK;wGif jynfolvlxku ppfzGJYpnf;ykHESifh ppfwyftkyfpkd;rIudk axmufcHp&m taMumif;r&Sd/ pufwifbm vlxkqE´twkdif;yif? wcJeufqefu Y siaf eMuOD;rnfonfom/ / 3

tdk;a0 *sme,f

Let me advise you something... 1/ That Journal Should be make by Multicolor.Today is 2008 , so it should not be Black & White. 2/ Due to the Generation Gap & News Darkness, Today Teenagers become Blind. They don’t know what is 1988 ?what is U Thant Case? What is Bone Maw ( R.I.T) Case? What is Red Bridge Case? What is 1997 Hlaing Case ? So Please Make Brief Details Stories about these Cases,year by year. Complete Overview History, so that People can completely understand the overview process of students revolution history. 3/ Current Journal is Short , only 23 pages. Please make many more pages to show more . There is plenty of things to write and express. Oae Wai Journal was the Most Favorite Journal of People and Students once. Now , I believe Oae Wai will become most wanted Journal for Students. So this Journal should contain more and more general and details from Beginning 7.7.62 to U Thant Case, Red Bridge Case, Bone Maw Case,1988, 1997 Hlaing cases. 4/ Please write about difficulties of G.T.C , abused by authority and there are so many things to write.Students are very tired about education, There is no International Education system, Only Slaves Education is available in Burma. Please express teenagers to go Foreign for their future. 5/ Please express Informations in Oae Wai Journel, such as the Political Burmese Websites, so that students can easily search burmese political message. e g . w w w. i r r a w a d d y. o rg / www.bbcburmese.com / www.rfa.org / w w w. k o m o e t h e e . b l o g s p o t . c o m /

4

www.komyo.burmachannel.com / www.yeyintnge.blogspot.com / www. myanmarfightingspirit.blogspot.com etc. I am just a student like you. I am not making master myself.I just give you some useful advises. Oae Wai Journal is the most famous dominant Popular Journal in the political History of Burma. Please make Colorful journal with complete details process by process year by year.case by case.details. First of all, Make today young students to understand the whole history of students revolution. Thanks you. A Medical Student

hi usaemfvnf; rsdL;qufopf A.u.o xJrSm yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufcsifygw,f/ usaemfu '*kHwuúokdvf ausmif;om;wpfOD;yg/ b,fvkdqufoG,f&rvJqkdwm ajymjyygOD;? pmjyefygAsm/ --------Dear Sir, Can u give me the Embed codes of tkd;a0*sme,f( uwi ) so that i can share to the one who do’t know like me. Best regard, ------------

r*Fvmyg tdk;a0 A taMumif;awGuzkd wf&w,f ausmif; om;awG tm;vk;H ukzd wfapcsiw f ,f A &Jt Y aMumif; trsm;MuD;odcsifw,f ausmif;om;awG&JY oDcsif; awGuykd ahkd y;vd&Yk rvm; tck AcsKyf bmawG vkyaf e vJ uGsefrwdkY ausmif;om;awG nDnGwfzdkY tcsdef wefNy/D wekid if v H ;kH u AawGtm;vH;ak ygif;pnf;&r,f tdk;a0 ulnDekdifrvm;/ tdk;a0utzGJYom;tm;vkH; usef;rmygap? pmjyefay;ygaemf aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ --------

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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf tcef; (15) ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm; 66/ / ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif;wGif ausmif;om;or*¾\udpörsm;udk qufvufaqmif½Guf&ef twGuf or*¾½kH;pdkuf&mXmewGifaexdkifaom okH;OD;xufrenf;aom trIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkYtm; ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;tjzpf vuf½SdtrIaqmiftzGJUu cefYxm;aMunm&rnf/ 67/ / ausmif;ydw&f ufwm0efcw H o Ykd nf or*¾tzGUJ tpnf;wckv;Hk ESihf oufqikd af om udpBö u;D rsm;udk aqmif½Gufajz½Sif;EdkifcGifhr½Sd/ udpöBuD;rsm;udk aqmif½Gufajz½Sif;&eftwGuf trIaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfac:,lí wm0efudkjyefvnftyfESif;&rnf/ 68/ / ausmif ; jyef z G i f h a omtcg ausmif ; yd w f & uf w m0ef c H r sm;u trI a qmif t zG J U tm; wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk jyefvnfvTJtyfay;&rnf/ tcef; (16) Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyf\ tvH? wHqdyfESifU oDcsif; 69/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\tvHrSm teDa&mifatmufcHwGif a½T0ga&mif cGyfa'gif;onf a½T0ga&mif puf0dkif;twGif; wGif udk,fydkif;usa&mufvsuf yg½Sdap&rnf/ tvH\t½G,fyrmPrSm tvsm; (9) ay? teH (5) ayjzpfonf/ BuD;i,fr[l 4if;tcsKd;tpm; tvdkufjzpfap&rnf/ 70/ / Auorsm; tzG J U csKyf \ wH q d y f r S m urÇ m vk H ; yk H @ mef aemuf c H p uf 0 d k i f ; twG i f ; wG i f pmtkyzf iG v hf suyf Hk yg½Sad pí pmtkyyf \ Hk vuf0b J ufeaH b;wGif rD;wkwu f kd vufjzifu h ikd af qmifxm;aomykH uyfvsufyg½Sdap&rnf/ puf0dkif; tem;wavsmufwGif ywfvnf0ef;&Hvsuf jrefrmbmomtm;jzifh ]]ArmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGcYJ sKy}f } t*Fvyd b f momtm;jzifh "All Burma Federation of Student Unions" [k a&;om;&rnf/

Auorsm; tzGcYJ sKyf tvHEiS Uf wHqyd f Auorsm; tzJGYcsKyfwHqdyfudk 1950-51 ckESpfrS pwift wnfjyK oHk;pJGcJUonf/ ¤if;wHqdyfrSm urÇmh ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; tzJcYG sKyf (International Union of Students - IUS) \ rl&if;wHqdyfjzpfNyD; cGifUjyKcsuf awmif;í oHk;pJGcJUonf/ ,aehtxd qufvuf toHk;jyKaeqJ jzpfonf/

tcsyfykd (n)

tdk;a0 *sme,f (') Auorsm;tzGUJ csKy\ f &nf½, G cf surf sm; atmifjrifa&;twGuf vdt k yfonf[k ,lqaom tjcm;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udkaqmif½Gufjcif;/ tcef; (4) Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf0if jzpfrI 4/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfodkY tzGJUvdkufqufoG,fyg0ifEdkifcGifh ½Sdonf/ 5/ / tzGJUvkdufyg0if&rnfh Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;rSm wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾rsm;? aumvdyo f r*¾rsm;? toufarG;0rf;aMumif;qdik &f m ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;? jynfe,fEiS hf vlrsK;d pk ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;? c½kid f ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;? NrKd Ue,f ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;wdYk jzpfonf/ 6/ / tzGJUvdkufyg0ifMuonfh ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS or*¾0ifrsm;onf yk*¾dKvft&vnf; tvdktavsmuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/ 7/ / Auorsm;tzG J U csKyf 0 if r sm;\ tcG i f h t a&;rsm;rS m ausmif ; om;or*¾ r sm;wG i f yg0ifaqmif½GufEdkifcGifh? ausmif;om;or*¾ a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJay;EdkifcGifh? ta½G;cHEdkifcGifhESifh tcsKdUaomtcGifhta&;rsm;wGif OD;pm;ay;&½SdEdkifcGifhwdkY jzpfonf/ 8/ / Auorsm;tzGUJ csKy0f ifrsm;\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;rSm Auorsm;tzGUJ csKy\ f zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyyf Hk pnf;rsO;f Oya'udk vufcv H u kd ef mjcif;? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKy\ f vkyif ef;pOfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½u G jf cif;? owfrSwfxm;aom or*¾0ifaMu; ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;udk ay;aqmifjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ 9/ / Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;onf EkwfxGufEdkifcGifh½Sdonf/ EkwfxGufaomtzGJUtpnf;udk vufcH&mwGif A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu ,m,DvufcHEdkifonf/ 10/ / Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;udk or*¾ESifhywfoufaom jypfrIusL;vGefjcif;aMumifh tzGJU0iftjzpfrS xkwfy,fypfEdkifonftxd tjypf'Pfay;Edkifonf/ tjypf'PfudkrauseyfvQif tqifhjrifhaom or*¾trIaqmiftzGJUrSonf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHtxd t,lcHcGifh½Sdonf/ 11/ / Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfwGif tzGJU0iftjzpfvufcHjcif;? tzGJU0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fjcif; paomudpörsm;udk aqmif½Guf&mwGif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf tmPmtydkifqkH;jzpfonf/ tcef; (5) Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyfzGJYpnf;ykH 12/ / Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf wEdkifiHvkH;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk tzGJUtpnf;tvdkuf pkpnf;xm;aom tzGJUcsKyfjzpfonf/ 13/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfzGJUpnf;ykHrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/ (u) EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (c) EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifh (*) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU tcsyfykd (*)

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf (C) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,faomausmif;om;or*¾rsm; (i) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;or*¾rsm; (p) c½kdifausmif;om;or*¾rsm; (q) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*¾rsm;

14/ 15/

tcef; (6) EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfwGif tmPmtydkifqkH; jzpfonf/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm; yg0ifonf/ (u) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm; (c) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,fxm;aom ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; (*) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; (C) c½kdifausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; (i) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; / ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&tcsK;d tpm;udk A[dt k rIaqmiftzGUJ u oifah vsmo f vdk owfrw S yf ikd cf iG hf

16/ ½So d nf/ 17/ / nDvmcHudk omreftm;jzifh (18) v wBudrfusif;y&rnf/ odkYaomf vkHavmufaom taMumif;½SdvQif A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu a½TUqdkif;ac:,lEdkifonf/ 18/ / nD v mcH a c:,l a &;ES i f h ywf o uf o nf h tcsd e f ? aeY & uf ? pnf ; rsOf ; rsm;ud k A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfydkifcGifh ½Sdonf/ 19/ / A[dt k rIaqmiftzGUJ \ owfrw S q f ;Hk jzwfcsuu f kd rauseyfvQif Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f mnDvmcHwiG f wifjyuefu Y u G Ef ikd o f nf/ 20/ / Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ okH;ykHwykH½Sdaom tzGJUvdkufqufoG,fxm;aom ausmif;om; or*¾rsm;u awmif;qdkvQif nDvmcHudkac:qdkay;&rnf/ 21/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif atmufygudpörsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; qkH;jzwfEdkifonf/ (u) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh ywfoufaomudpörsm;/ (c) ausmif;om;rsm;tm; oufa&mufxdcdkufEdkifonfh wEdkifiHvkH;? wrsKd;om;vkH;ESifh wurÇmvk;H qdik &f mta&;udprö sm;/ 22/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk nDvmcHwGif wifoGif;&rnf/ 23/ / A[kt d rIaqmiftzGUJ udk nDvmcHwiG f a½G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&rnf/ a½G;aumufjcif;qdik &f m enf ; Oya'rsm;ud k A[d k t rI a qmif t zG J U uaomf v nf ; aumif ; ? nD v mcH u aomf v nf ; aumif ; jyKvyk &f rnf/ tcsyfykd (C)

tdk;a0 *sme,f tcef; (13) or*¾qikd &f mqufqaH &;rlrsm; 55/ / ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;\qufqaH &;rSm 'Dru kd a&pDukd tajccHaom A[kcd sKyu f ikd ef nf;pepf (Democratic Centralism) t& jzpf&rnf/ 56/ / or*¾rsm;udk ausmif;om;xku 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf/ or*¾tzGJUtpnf; tqifhqifhudk atmufajcrS a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;jzifh zGJUpnf;&rnf/ 57/ / or*¾tqifhqifhwdkYonf txufrSay;aom ñTefMum;csufrsm;udk atmufrSemcH aqmif½u G &f rnf/ 58/ / tqkH;tjzwfrsm;udk rsm;&mpkjzifh jyKvkyf&rnf/ tenf;pkonf trsm;pk\qkH;jzwfcsufudk emcH&rnf/ 59/ / trsm;pk \ qk H ; jzwf c suf u d k remcH v d k a omf tenf ; pk o nf ausmif ; om;xk u d k 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& pnf;½kH;um rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifu trsm;pkjzpfatmif BudK;yrf;í qkH;jzwfcsufudk jyefvnfjyifqifEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif trsm;pkqkH;jzwfcsufudk remcHvdkí toif;tzGJUcGJí wnfaxmifjcif;? igwaumaumjcif;rsm;udk rjyKvkyf&/ 60/ / tenf;pk\ xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfEdkif&eftwGuf trsm;pkwdkYu us,fjyefYaom 'Drdkua&pD½Sdap&ef wm0efcH&rnf/ 61/ / txuftzGJUtpnf;wdkYonf atmuftzGJUtpnf;wdkYxH ñTefMum;rIESifh vdktyforQaom tultnDrsm;udk ay;&rnf/ 62/ / atmuftzGJUtpnf;wdkYonf txuftzGJUtpnf;wkdYxH tajctaet&yf&yfqdkif&m tpD & if c H p mrsm;ud k a y;yd k Y N yD ; txuf r S ñ T e f M um;onf w d k Y u k d atmif j rif x ajrmuf a tmif BudK;yrf;aqmif½GufMu&rnf/ tcef; (14) b@ma&; 63/ / or*¾rsm;\ b@ma&;udk or*¾0ifaMu;? ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;ESifh tvSLaiGrsm;rS &½Sdonf/ 64/ / or*¾ r sm;\ b@ma&;ud k b@ma&;rS L ;rsm;ES i f h b@ma&;aumf r wD r sm;u ½SmMuHpkaqmif;NyD; okH;pGJa&; udkvnf; 4if;wdkYuyif pepfwuscGJa0 ay;&rnf/ 65/ / wESpfvQifwBudrf owfrSwfxm;aompm&if;ppfrsm;u or*¾b@ma&;tajctaeudk ppfaq;Ny;D aemuf b@ma&;rSL;u trIaqmiftzGUJ odYk b@ma&;tpD&ifcpH mwapmifukd wifoiG ;f &rnf/

tcsyfykd (ps)

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf

tdk;a0 *sme,f

odkYaomf tjyiftytzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,f&mwGifvnf;aumif;? yl;wGJaqmif½Guf&mwGif vnf;aumif; Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\oabmwlnDrIudk&½Sd&rnf/ 46/ / 4if;wdkY\udpörsm;udk aqmif½Guf&mwGif Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ yl;aygif;aqmif½GufrI tultnDwdkYudk awmif;qdk&,lEdkifonf/

24/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf wufa&muf&ef owfrSwfxm;onfhOD;a&\ xuf0ufESifh wOD;ydkí wufa&mufvQif w&m;0ifxajrmufonf/

tcef; (10) jynfe,fESifUvlrsKd;pkausmif;om;or*¾rsm; 47/ / ArmEdik if jH ynfe,frsm;twGi;f ½Sd ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;onf 4if;wdaYk 'o½Sd or*¾vyk if ef;rsm; wGifus,f atmifjrifa&;twGuf jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pk ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif Edik cf iG ½hf o dS nf/ 48/ / 4if;ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk jynfe,fEiS hf vlrsK;d pkw&yfv;Hk qdik &f m nDvmcHrsm;rS a½G;aumuf wifajr§muf&rnf/ 49/ / 4if;nDvmcHrsm; ac:qdka&;ESifh oufqdkif&m trIaqmiftzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;a&;udk jynfe,f ausmif;om;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGJUrsm;u oifhawmfonfhtwdkif; qkH;jzwfaqmif½GufoGm;Edkifonf/ tcef; (11) c½dkifausmif;om;or*¾rsm; 50/ / c½dkifausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk c½dkifnDvmcHrsm;wGif wifajr§mufzGJUpnf;&rnf/ 51/ / c½dkifnDvmcHrsm;udk c½dkifausmif;om;or*¾trIaqmiftzGJUu oifhawmfonf[k ,lq owfrSwfonfhtwdkif; usif;y&rnf/ 52/ / c½dik af usmif;om;or*¾rsm;onf Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk atmifjrifatmif aqmif ½ G u f & mwG i f tvG e f t csuf t csmusaom ae&mwG i f wnf ½ S d o jzif h wc½k d i f v k H ; ½S d ausmif;om;ta&;udpö vIy½f mS ;rIrsm;wGif av;eufpmG wm0ef,í l tajrmftjrifBu;D rI? uRr;f usiv f rd m® rI? &J&ifhjywfom;rI? owåd½SdrIwdkYESifh vkHYv0D&d,BuD;pGm pdkufxkwfum BudK;yrf; aqmif½GufMu&rnf/ tcef; (12) NrdKYe,fausmif;om;or*¾rsm; 53/ / NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfqkH;jzwfonfhtwdkif; usif;yaom NrdKUe,fnDvmcH rsm;wGif 4if;ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk wifajr§mufzGJUpnf;&rnf/ 54/ / 4if;wdkYonf NrdKUe,ftwGif;½Sd ausmif;om;udpörsm;udk wm0ef,laqmif½GufMu&rnf/

tcsyfykd (Z)

tcef; (7) Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f muGezf &ifh 25/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhonf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) rS vGJvQif tmPmtydkifqkH; jzpfonf/ 26/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhwGif atmufygyk*¾Kdvfrsm;yg0ifonf/ (u) A[dktrIaqmiftzJGU0ifrsm; (c) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,faom ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; (*) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; (C) c½kdifausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; (i) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; 27/ / ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& tcsK;d tpm;udk A[kt d rIaqmiftzGUJ u oifah vsmo f vdk owfrw S Ef ikd cf iG hf ½So d nf/ 28/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhudk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu ESpfywfvnfEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uG e f * &uf ) ES p f c k t Mum;wG i f omref t m;jzif h wES p f v Qif w Bud r f ac:,l u sif ; y&rnf / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhudk a½TUqdkif;xm;jcif;aomfvnf;aumif;? ta&;ay:uGefz&ifhtjzpf ac:,ljcif;udkaomfvnf;aumif; jyKvkyfEdkifcGifh½Sdonf/ 29/ / owf r S w f x m;aomOD ; a&\ xuf 0 uf x uf w OD ; yd k í wuf a &muf v Qif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhonf w&m;0iftxajrmufonf/ 30/ / Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f muGezf &ifw h iG f A[dt k rIaqmiftzGUJ 0ifrsm;\ vkyif ef;rsm;udk ppfaq;a0zefjcif;? Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfESifh oufqdkifaomudpörsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;qkH;jzwfjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ 31/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhonf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUtm; ,m,Dtm;jzifh jzKwfcsjcif;? ajymif;vJjcif;? Auo rsm;tzGUJ csKy\ f zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyyf Hk pnf;rsO;f Oya'udk ,m,Dtm;jzifh jyifqifjcif;rsm; jyKvyk Ef ikd cf iG ½hf o dS nf/ 32/ / Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f muGezf &if\ h qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;udk Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f mnDvmcHwiG f t,lcEH ikd o f nf/ 33/ / Ed k i f i H v k H ; qd k i f & muG e f z &if h r S ,m,D a jymif ; vJ x m;aom A[d k t rI a qmif t zG J U \ vkyfief;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;? ,m,Djyifqifxm;aom zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'onf vnf;aumif;? aemifwGif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) \ twnfjyKrIudk r&vifhupm; xdkMum;umvwGif w&m;0ifonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/

tcsyfykd (i)

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