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12

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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

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15

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16

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onf / wk d u f y G J u d k a&S U od k Y t qif h j rif h j rif h vSrf;&ef jyif qifvmMuonf/ onfvkdESifh 1938-ck? 'DZifbmv 20-&uf t*FgaeYodkYa&mufvm\/ t&k P f u sif ; ítvif ; a&mif o ef ; vQif ? wuo taqmuftOD;odYk ausmif;olausmif;om; rsm;onf pka0;a&mufvmMu\/ t"dy"dvrf;ray: wGif bwfpfum; 26-pD;&yfxm;\ pHkaxmufrsm; onf or*¾cef;rrS vufcyk o f rH sm;udk em;pGiahf eMu \? tcsdefrSm 8-em&D 15-rdepf&SdavNyD? tpnf ; ta0;obmywd u d k v S a &T \ &J & J awmuf rdecYf eG ;f onf ausmif;om;xktm; wuf
&JabmfwdkY]]cifAsm;wkdYrsufESmawGjrif&wm ZmwdaoG; ZmwdrmefawG vQrf;vQrf;wufaew,f? 'DuaeY Armjynfvw G v f yfa&; twGuq f &dk if axmifusus pufaoewfeyYJ pfypf? aemufq;kH toufaoao pGeYf r,fqw kd hJ ckid rf mwJh &J&aJ wmuf oH"Xd mefcs xm;Ny;D qdkwm uRefawmf,HkMunfw,f/ 'DuaeY ajcvSrf; usJusJeJY tmPmzDqefMu&r,f/ vufeufqdkvdkY

ausmif ; om;rsm;onf bwf p f u m;rsm;jzif h Nrd K UxJ od k Y v mMu\/ um;rsm;onf wpkwa0;wnf; roGm;MubJ tcsdKUu wuúodkvf &dyo f mvrf; twdik ;f oGm; Mu\/ tcsKd Uu tif;,m; vrf;rS 0if'grD'D,modkYauGY \/ usefum;rsm;um; jynf v rf ; twk d i f ; oG m ;Mu \/ ud k v S a &T E S i f h acgif;aqmiftcsKd Uu um;i,fu av;wpfpif;ESihf xGufoGm;\/ or*¾taqmuf tOD; ta&SUrS pH k a xmuf r sm;u b,f b uf o d k Y vd k u f &rS e f ; rodjzpfum usef&pfcJh\/ em&D0uftwGi;f rSmyif ausmif;om;rsm;onf twGi;f 0ef&;kH Bu;D tm; 0dik ;f rdNy;D om;jzpfae\/ udak tmifausmo f nf Xif;wm0efusaeaom ol&d,mowif;pmwkdufteD;&Sd pywfvrf; t0if aygufwiG f pnf;urf;wuswm0ef,l uluyG u f aJ v \/ rD;wkw-f rD;wkw-f &IUd -&IUd ocifrsdK;a[h wkdYArm ta&;awmfyHkatmifygap/ a
ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

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17

ykvdyfrif;BuD; rpöwm y&ufpaumh? &efukef ykvyd rf if;Bu;D rpöwm a&;Ed;k (pf) &mZ0wf0ef rpöwm vkyf'g;wdkYvnf; csufcsif;qdkovkdyif a&muf&Sdvm um? ykvyd rf sm; ppfyv k yd rf sm;? jrif;pD;yk vdyrf sm;tm; ae&mcsay;xm;\/ twGif;0ef&Hk;t0ifaygufrsm;udk ausmif;ol ausmif;om;wku Yd ydwq f x Ykd m;&m? pma&;pmcsD trI xrf;wdo Yk nf 10-em&Dx;kd onfw h idk af tmif twGi;f odrYk 0ifEidk b f &J adS e\/ a*:&mykvyd rf sm;u qE´jyae aom ausmif;olwdkYtm; '&GwfwkdufqGJaomfvnf; ausmif;om;xkonf rnfodkYrQ wkefYjyef jcif;r&SdbJ pnf;urf;wusom qE´jyNrJjyMu\/ 11-em&Dtcsed af vmufwiG f ta&;ydik -f OD;bd;k p a&mufvmum ykvyd rf sm;? ppfyv k yd w f yfrsm;? jrif;pD; ykvyd rf sm;tm; &kyo f rd ;f oGm;ojzifh em&D0uf twGi;f rSmyif ykvdyfrsm;r&Sdawmhacs/ qE´jyMuaom ausmif;olausmifom;rsm; tm; NrKd UolNrKd Uom;wku Yd auR;arG;Mu\/ aetylukd xD;rsm; wif;wdrfrsm;? apmifrsm;jzifh umay;olwdkY u umay;avonf/

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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

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18

aom trJuu G jf ypfrBI u;D udk ausmif;om;rsm;ay: yHkcs ae\/

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ud k a tmif a usmf r S m wuúov kd af q;&Hw k iG f Muyf rwfí ukoaomf vnf; owd r&wcsuf &wcsuf jzpfae\? 'Pf&mrSm jyif; xH v S o jzif h owd & vm onfhtcgü jyif;xefpGm cHpm;ae&\? ol\EIwrf v S nf;]]uRef a wmf wk d i f ; jynf twG u f touf p G e f Y w ,f aocsif a oaypD uRef a wmf aoaysmNf y}D }[k wwGww f w G f ajymvsuf &S\ d ? teD;rS ausmif ; om; &J a bmf w OD ; u pum;rajym&ef wm;aomfvnf;r&/ ]]udkvSa&Taum b,fES,fhvJ ausmif;om; awG vGwv f yfa&;eD;Ny?D ta&;awmfykH atmif&r,f -atmif&r,f}} xkdYaemufudkatmifausmf owdvpfoGm; jyefonf/ owd&aomtcg pumm;rajymEkdifbJ taMumifom;Munfhaeonf/ q&m0ef\tMuHay;csuft& wuúodkvf aq;&Hrk S aq;&HBk u;D odaYk &TUíuko\? odaYk omf rouf om &Jabmf&Jbuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; onf udak tmifausm\ f tjzpfukd Munfu h m e,fcsUJ vufudkif'kwf barmf-bOD; nGefYaygif;tpdk;&\ ,kwfrmrIudk &ifemvsuf&SdMu\/ þokdYjzifh wwd,ajrmufaeYwGif or*¾ taqmuftOD;tvHwkdifrS tvHonf wdkifw0uf

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

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19

okYd wajz;ajz; avQmusvmonf? xkad eYwiG f udkatmifausmfuG,fvGefavonf/

ordkif;0ifol Adkvfatmifausmf\ psye tcrf;tem;wGif bwfMum;&ef axmifwGif;rS b[def;? AaqG? ocif xde0f if;? ocifp;kd ? ocifvaS rmifponfh &Jabmfrsm; u t"dXmefpmwrf;wapmif ay;ydkY\/ okóefjyifwGif Adkvfatmifausmf\ rdcif a':a&Tausm\ h toHcsUJ pufEiS hf ajymoHMum;& olwYkd tm; ,lusHK;r&jzpfaponf/ ]]wynfhawmfr\ &ifaoG; om;av; armif atmifausmfonf vufeufqdkí? tyfwacsmif;? wkww f wdrk Q rudik &f &SmbJvsu?f av;vHaom vuf eufBu;D rsm;jzifh ykvyd w f u Ydk &du k Ef u S í f aoqH;k &jcif; ud?k wdik ;f ol jynfom;rsm;ESihf oHCmawmfrsm;uyif vQif rcHr&yfEkdifatmif jzpfysufyHkudk axmuf&Iyg wdik ;f jynftwGuf aoaysmo f l vQif? wynfhawmf wynfhawmfrvdk? udk; vvG,f? q,fvzGm; ,k,cJh&aom rdcif bcifwkdY twGuf ukdatmifausmf ajymb,f&mr&Sdawmhygbk&m;}} uwef; pGJvrf;pGm ajym aewmawG? yxrtMurd f wuo OuúX udv k aS &Tu aemufq;kH rdecYf eG ;f tmPm zD q ef w k e f ; u usaemf a&S U qH k ; u ajymqd&k m Mum;&olwt Ydk m; e,fcsUJ taocHNyD; tvHudkif yg& apvkdY tay:wGif a'gotrsuf xGuf ajymcJhwm awGudk igem;xJrSm ap\/ Mum;a,mif jrifa,mif aeao; ]]'Pf&mrsm;&vsuf? ol&d, jref r mEk d i f i H w 0S r f ; w,f/ udkatmifausmf &Jabmf\ owif;pm wkduftay:xufrSm qE´tm; &mZ0if rSww f rf; wif& vH k ; wG i f Auo? avmuf a tmif jynf 0 cJ h y gNyD acgif;csif;,SOfNyD; vJaeMupOfu igwkdYtrsdK;twGuf taocHr,f? wuo\ nTeMf um; &Jabmf/}} Ouú X ud k rxd M u apeJ Y v d k Y &J & J csufjzifh taxGaxG jrefrmEkdifiHw0Srf;vHk;wGif awmuf ajymoHawG? aq;&Hkudk ausmif;om; oydwf Auo? wuo\ nT e f M um; igvma&muf Munf h p Of uvJ rsm; qufwkdufay: csujf zifh taxGaxG ausmif;om; ud k v S a &T usaemf w k d Y a&S u oydwfrsm; qufwkdufay:vm vmonf qufwu dk Mf u&r,fqNkd y;D ua,mif onf/ 1938-ckESpf ausmif;om; ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

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20

oyd w f [ k aemif w G i f wG i f í yxrqH k ; tMudrf ausmif;om; rsm;u e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; Ekid if aH &; oydwt f jzpfoYkd vSr;f cJjh cif; jzpfayonf/ ausmif ; om;rsm;twG i f ; jynf o l r sm;twG i f ; e,f c sJ U qef Y u sif a &;? Ek d i f i H vG w f v yf a &; pdwf"gwfrsm;udk vIHUaqmf EkdifcJhayonf/

AdkvfatmifausmfaMu;&kyf Adkvfatmifausmfonf aemufqHk;xGuf oufudk &Ixkwf&tHhqJqJumvwGif pGJpGJvef;vef; ajymqdo k mG ;aom? Xif;tjrwfwEd;k &Sv d o S nfh vGwf vyfa&;udk &&Scd o hJ nfrmS ,aeYqv kd sif 14 ESpaf usmf cJNh yjD zpf\/ vGwv f yfa&;r&rDu? Adv k af tmifausmf aMu;&ky fwnfaqmuf&ef &nfpl;í &Smaz GcJhaom &efyakH iGrsm;vnf; vGwv f yfa&;wku d yf t JG wGuf oH;k cJh\/ vGwfvyfa&;twGuf toufay;tyfNyD;? 4if;\ aus;&kyftwGuf[k &nfpl;í &SmazGcJhaom &HyakH iGuykd g vGwv f yf a&;twGuf toH;k jyKc&hJ aom Adkvf atmifausmftm; wkdif;jynfrS jyef vnf *kPjf yKonft h aejzifh aMu;&kyf tjrefxk vkyo f ifNh yD jzpf\/ 1300 jynfh ta&; awmfyHkwdkufyGJtm; atmifjrifrI twGuf txGwftxdyfodkY ydkY aqmif ay;cJ h a om Ad k v f a tmif a usmf \ aMu;&k y f jzpfajrmufa&;twGu?f ausmif;om;or*¾EiS f w h uG tpd k ; &u0d k i f ; í Bud K ;pm;oih f N yD [ k rS w f , l rdayownf;/

armifxif&Sdef (1960-61xkwf tkd;a0r*¾Zif;? twGJ-2 trSwf-1 rS jyefvnful;,laz:jyygonf/ t,f'Dwm/)

1960 ckESpf ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyf\ qXrtBudrfnDvmcHrScsrSwfcJhNyD; 1988 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeY ESihf 2007 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeY wkdYwGif jyefvnfzGJYpnf;cJhonfh ArmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyf\ tpOfwpku d pf u JG idk af eqJ tajccHrlrsm;

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21

ocifA[de;f (1938-39)

wuo Ouú| udkatmifqef; (AdkvfcsKyf) EkwfxGuf oGm;ojzif?h Ouú|tjzpf qufvufwm0ef,&l jcif; jzpfonf/ 1279 ck? 0gqdkvqef; (10) &uf? Ak'¨[l;aeY? eHeuf (7) em&D tcsed w f iG f tif;0NrKUd udik ;f wef; &yfüzGm;jrifonf/ tz OD;rSi?f trd a':OD;wdkY\ yÍörajrmufom;jzpfonf/ rEÅav;NrKUd atbDtrf rde;f uav;ausmif;? ouso[ D bk&m;teD; q&midak usmif;? rEÅav;NrKUd A[dt k rsKd ;om; txuf wef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmqnf;yl;cJh\/ 1934 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyüf pwifynmoifMum;cJo h nf/ 193536 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmifjzpf\/ 1936 ck ausmif;om;oydww f iG f ppfuikd ;f tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;odYk oydwo f mG ;wm;&m ausmif;tkyf Bu;D rpöwma'gif;ESihf paumuf rsm;u 0dik ;f ½du k o f jzifh 'Pf&m& ½SdcJhonf/ 1936-37 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú| tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhí Oypm txufwef;udk ygVdbmom*kPx f ;l jzifh atmifjrifcahJ vonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif qufvufynmqnf;yl;í 1938-39 ckwGif wuo trIaqmiftjzpf a½G;cs,fwif ajrm§ ufc&H onf/ wuo Ouú|udak tmifqef; Ekwx f u G o f mG ; aomtcg Ouú|tjzpf wm0ef ,l&jcif; jzpfonf/ 193839 ckEpS f Auo Ouú| vnf; jzpfonf/ udAk [de;f udk wuo Ouú| tjzpfxuf Auo Ouú|tjzpf vlodrsm;cJhonf/ 1938 ckEpS üf a&eHajroydwaf y:aygufco hJ nf/ a&eHajr oydwform;rsm;onf &efukefNrKdUodkY csDwuf qE´jy&ef? a&eH acsmif;NrKdUrS xGufcJhMuonf/ Ouú| udkA[def;ESifh udkAaqG ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

tdk;a0 *sme,f

22

wdkYonf a&eHacsmif;NrKdUwGif ay:aygufvsuf½Sdaom ausmif;om;oydwfta&;ESifh a&eHajrrS csDwufvmaom oydwo f rm;rsm;ta&;udk pHpk rf;&ef c&D;xGucf MhJ uonf/ rauG; NrKUd ü a&eHajrrS csw D ufvmaom oydwo f rm;rsm;tm; w&m; a[maepOf tzrf;cHc&hJ avonf/ or*¾Ouú|ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL; tm; zrf;qD;ojzifh ausmif;om;oydwf ay:aygufcahJ vonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf twGi;f 0efrsm;½H;k odYk csw D uf qE´ jyMu&m? a*:&mpmoifrsm;u jrif;ESifhwdkuf? eHygwfwkwfESifh ½du k o f jzifh *syq f ifaumvdyrf S udak tmifausmf usq;kH cJo h nf/ ausmif;om;trsm; tjym;'Pf&m&cJhMu\/ ausmif;om;? tvkyform;? v,form;oydwf aygif;pHkpkpnf;rdum? 1300 jynft h a&;awmfy[ kH o k rdik ;f 0ifrw S w f rf;wifcMhJ uonf/ ausmif; olausmif;om;rsm; NrKUd roydwpf cef;wGif tpmtiwfcH qE´jy cJhMuonf/ a'gufwmbarmf tpkd;&jyKwfusí OD;yktpdk;& wufNyD;? ausmif;om; oydwf NyD;qHk;cJhonf/ udkA[def;onf 1939 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvfrSxGufí wdAYk rmtpnf;t½H;k odYk 0ifa&muf vkyaf qmifco hJ nf/ 1940 ckEpS f wGif zrf;qD;cH&NyD;? *syefacwf a'gufwm barmftpd;k & vuf xufwiG f Edik if jH cm;a&;Xme twGi;f 0eftjzpf aqmif½u G cf \ hJ / 1945 ck *syef awmfveS af &;wGif awmificl ½dik w f iG f wm0ef,cl hJ onf/ udkA[def;onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk pwif xlaxmifol wOD;jzpfNyD;? 1946 ck uGefjrLepfygwD ajAmifxl axmifaomtcgwGif A[dak umfrwD0if jzpfco hJ nf/ aemifwiG f ay:vpfAsL½dktzJGU0ifjzpfí Armjynftvkyform;or*¾ (A.B.T.U.C) \ Ouú|jzpfonf/ 1946 ck? Edk0ifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif rEÅav;aq;½HkBuD;wGif uG,fvGef tedpö a&mufco hJ nf/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ vGwv f yfa&; armfueG ;f 0if pm&if;wGif yxrqifrh S aMunmay;jcif;cHc&hJ ol jzpfavonf/

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf

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23

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