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13

tdk;a0 *sme,f

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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf

uwDyÅ gpdr;f rsm;\ rrSm;aom &ifcek o f rH sm; wynfv Y il ,fawGukd tifet YJ m;eJY twif; rSSwfom; vdkufemzdkY roGefoif&bl;/ wynfYawG&JY pdwfxJrSm aysmf&TifcHpm;atmif vrf;nTef&r,fvdkY ajymcJhygw,f/ xdkYaMumifh jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;rSm&SdwhJ vli,fausmif;om;awG &ifxJrSmbmawG &SdaeMu r,fqdkwm odae&ygr,f/ ausmif;om;awG&JY tifeJY tm;eJyY J olwv Ykd ckd siw f hJ pepfwckukd wnfaxmif&rSm yg/ ynma&;pepf raumif;whJ EdkifiHwck[m b,f awmhrS olrsm; wef;wljzpfrSm r[kwfygbl;/

tv,fwef;uav;rsm;onf ausmif;wufMu& jcif;udk aysmfwufMuonf/ txufwef;a&mufaomtcg xdkodkYr[kwf/ zdtm;wckudk qefYusif&Hkavmufom awG ; csif M u onf / aysmf o nf v nf ; r[k w f M u raysmf o nf v d k Y vnf ; rajymMu/ ynm\ t"dyÜg,fudkvnf; aocsm pGmrodMuay/ trsm;pk odMuonfum; wm0efwck [kom rSwf,lMuonf/ wcsd K Uuav;rsm;u wm0ef xuf 0wÅ & m;vd k od a eMuonf / t&mES p f c k r S m om arG Y a vsmf a eMuonf / xd k a Mumif h ausmif ; om; ausmif;olt&G,fa&muf vli,frsm;wGif &SdaeEdkif aom wm0efod? 0wÅ&m;od? trsdK;rsdK;aomtod? tjcm;tjcm;aom cH,lcsufrsm;udk od&SdrSom jzpf awmhrnf/ vGwfvyfjyD; tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;aom ynma&;udk tm;vHk;onf rnfodkY odrnfenf;/

eHeufcif; ..... aea&mifjcnf rjzmEdik f aom &moDOwkudk vspfvsL&lí pdrf;EkyGifYopfwdkYxH ta&mufvSrf;cJY&onf/ usaemfwdkY\ jrefrmEdkifiH tajccHynmu@wGif pdrf;pdkvef;qef;rIu tjcm; aom Edik if rH sm;ESiYf rwlay/ &kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f mt& pdr;f pdk aeaomfjim; pdwfydkif;qdkif&mwGifawmY wlnD0wfpHk pdrf;jraom ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;okdY wm0efjzifY r[kwfbJ oGm;cJYonf/ ausmif;ae&G,frsm; ausmif; (tajccH)tjrifawG &SdMu&rnf/ udk,fpD; wufaeayjyD/ onfhjrif; txD;rSef; trrSef; cGJjcm;wwfolrS &Sdyg avp/ rdrdwdkY oifMum;aeonfh ynma&;pepfESifh t&G,f .....t&G,Ef iS o Yf ifawmfonf? jzwfoef;&rnfhumvudk auseyfjcif;? rauseyfjcif; t&G,feJY rvdkufatmifyJav ponfjzifh/ ,ck pm ponfh cHpm;csufrsm; &Sdap&rnf/ xkwfazmfap& oifonfht&G,fESifh oifhawmfonfh twef;rSpí rnf/ &SmazGEikd &f rnf/ ynm\ Mu;D us,cf rf;em;yHu k kd wufa&muf ynmoifMum;Muonf/ oifMum;&if; yGiv Yf if;&d;k om;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;jzifh tjrv J uf u vrf;c&D;Murf;ojzifh t&G,Ef iS hf rvdu k zf ufatmif cHEdkif&rnfrSm aocsmonf/ þoYdk qE´rsm; &Sdvm twef;EdrS o hf mG ;onf/ oifMum;&if;u t&G,Ef iS hf rrQ aomaMumifY ,aeYausmif;om;vli,f t&G,fpHkwdkY atmif 0efxkyf0efydk;awG ydoGm;onf/ rlvwef;? tm; pepfwck cHpm;csufudk &dk;om;pGm zGifY[&ef

15

tdk;a0 *sme,f twGuf urf;vifhMunfhvdkufonf/ tm;vHk;&dk;om;cJh rjycsifygbl;/ ausmif;tm;vdkY pmawG trsm;MuD; Muygonf/ zwfrrd S 'DEikd if rH mS ausmif;qufwufcsipf w d f aysmuf yxrqHk; MuHKawGYMum;jrifvdkuf&onfh oGm;ygjyD/ qdkifvm;? rqdkifovm; qdkwmawmh us &if z G i f h oH y d k i f & S i f u awmY txuf w ef ; wG i f aemf rajzcsifbl;wJh"/ ol&JU&ifzGifhwJhtwdkif; jzpfyg wuf a &muf a e aom ausmif ; ol a v;wOD ; onf/ olu tqifhjrifhynm&yfrsm; oifMum;aom jzpf y gonf / ol r ES i f h wuúodkvfrsm;odkY oGm;&rnfhol r[kwfygvm;/ ausmif;oifcef;pmrsm;taMumif; aqG;aEG;vdkuf tm;vH k ; od a eonf h toH w oH u d k y g onf/ pum;rsm;ajymjzpfonf/ "orD;wdkY udk,fudk wquf wnf; ajymcsifrdonf/ wuúodkvfrsm;wGif udk,f odygw,f/ tckxufxd avhvmwJhtqifhudk vufawGU cef;rsm;tm; rSefuefpGm toHk;rjyK&jcif; ra&mufao;bl;vd?Yk bmjzpfvv Ykd q J akd wmh ar;rJph mudk ud p ö y if / MuD ; Muyf o l r sm;u ajymMuonf tvGwfusuf&r,fqdkwmyJ odaevdkYyg/ wcgwcg "'Dtcef;xJu ypönf; awG rxdeJY/ wckckjzpf&if us&if tJ'Dzdtm;atmufu vGwfcsifw,f/ aysmf rif;wdkY avsmfEdkifvdkYvm;wJh" aysm&f iT &f iT yf J wifjyMunfch siw f ,f/ 'gayr,fh rwwf Edkifbl;av"wJh/ tqdkygtjrifrSm &Sm;yg;onfh tjrif tqdyk g wuúov kd u f @twGuf ynma&; wck r[kwf[k xifygonf/ vGwfvyfaysmf&TifpGm tay: trSefwu,f oHk;oyfjyEdkifjyD; &ifzGifYcsifol wifjyjcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;ESifh avhvmoif,lrSom wOD;tm; pum;ajymMunfY&mwGif "ausmif;awGrSm ynm\ tusdK;w&m;udk jrifawGY&rnf[k odaeMu bmrS xl;jcm;rvmygbl;/ pmar;yGJavmufyJ tm&Hk ygonf/ olwdkYvnf; ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;udk arQmfvifh pdkufMuw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; pmar;yGJeD; aeayjy/D zGi[ hf cGihf r&jcif; ud, k Ef u Id u f ynma&;\ vQif cdk;cszdkYtwGuf wbmomudk b,favmufqdkjyD; jyóem jzpfaeonf/ ynma&;rSm jyóem wuf a&mif;wJh[mawGudkyJ tvkt,uf 0,faeMuw,f/ pyg,f,mawG a&maygY/ tJ'Dawmh pmar;yGJeD;&if vQifawmh a&SUqufawG;p&m rvdkawmhay/ ydkufqHpkxm;Muw,f/ tcsdefwefawmhvnf; r[m "The problem of education is twofold; first to wef;udk rDSoGm;wmygyJ/ uRefawmfwdkY vdkcsifwmu know and then to ulter." taMumif;t&mwckudk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf zGJUEGJUwif R.L Stevenson. jycsifwm/ 'gayr,fh tvkyfoabmu tJ'Dvdk r ]]ynma&;qdik &f m jyóemESpcf u k yxr odatmif [kwfbl;/ tuJjzwfw,f qdkwmvnf; r&Sdawmhbl; vkyfzdkY? tJ'Daemuf zGifh[zdkYygwJh &Sif;oGm;ygonf/ xifw,f/ þonfrvGJ wdik ;f wmaewm ynma&;udk }} uRefb0 a&mufoGm;apw,fvdkY jrifygw,f}}[k &dk;om;pGm jrifay;jyefygonf/ 'gusaemfwdkY tm;vHk; xdx k ufyí kd pdwrf aumif;p&m awGU&onf od&cdS pH m; aeMuygonf/ ta&twGurf sm;í t&nf rSm raeYwaeYurS wuúodkvf0ifwef; atmifjrif tcsi;f rJah eaom ynma&;pepfyif jzpfonf/ twif; aom vli,fwOD;\ tjrifyifjzpfonf/ "usaemf&JY t"r® usHK;oGif;onfh oifMum;jcif; jzpfonf/ yxr&nf&, G cf suw f ckawmh jy;D oGm;ygjy/D tck vrf; qHkrSmyJ &yfaeygw,f/ vrf;cJGawGu rsm;oGm;ygjyD/ Do not train boys to learning by force and vrf;qHk;vdkY &GmawGU&ifawmh aumif;wmaygh/ &Sif; harshness; but direct them to it by what amuses &Sif;ajym&&if b,fwuúodkvfudkrS oGm;wufjyD; nm their minds. 16

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf Plato ynma&;[m a&tdk;xJ a&jznfhwm r[kwfbl;/ rD;yHk ]]wynf h v l i ,f a wG u d k tif e J Y t m;eJ Y twif ; wyHkudk rD;arT;wm jzpfw,f/ rSwfom; vdkufem roGefoif&bl;/ wynfhawG&JU rSefaom pum;yif jzpfonf/ a&tdk;jynfh pdwfxJrSm aysmf&TifcHpm;atmif vrf;nTef&r,f/}} oGm;vQif vQHusoGm;ayrnf/ ,aeYausmif;om;rsm; vQHusí tvum; jzpfoGm;&aom a&rsm;ayvm; xdak Mumifh jrefrmwEdik if v H ;kH rSm&Sw d YJ vli,f [k awG;p&m &Sdonf/ bmyJajymajym olwdkYav;awG ausmif;om;awG &ifxJrSm bmawG &SdaeMur,f qdk ajympum;rsm;onf EdkifiHudk udk,fpm;jyKonf[k wm odae&ygr,f/ ausmif;om;awG&UJ tm;eJyY J olwYkd ,HkrSm;zG,f&m r&Sday/ xdkaMumifh olwdkY\ pdrf;pdkae vdkcsifwJh pepfwckudk wnfaxmif&rSmyg/ ynma&; aom pdwfydkif;qdkif&m cH,lcsufudk tjrJvef;qef; pepfraumif;wJh EdkifiHwck[m b,fawmhrS olrsm; apcsifvSygonf/ 'DvdkeJYyJ rrSm;aom &ifckefoHrsm; wef;wl jzpfrSmr[kwfbl;/ b,ftxd jyefYvGifhaeOD;rnf[k../ / Education is not the filling of a pail, but the rsdK;awZ lighting of a fire.

William Butler Yeats

rdbjynfol ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;okdY jyefMum;csuf &ufpufMurf;MuKwfaom? 'Drkdua&pD wjym;om;rS r&Sdaom zufqpfppftmPm&Sifpepf atmufwGif ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;onf or*¾\ wjcm;EkdifiHa&; wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&if; tkd;a0*sme,fukd ykHrSefxkwfa0Ekdif&ef usm;ukwf usm;cJ tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;aeMu&ygonf/ ausmif;om;or*¾\tmabmfukd xif[yfaom? vGwfvyfa&;zcifBuD; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ac: ukdatmifqef; wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhaom orkdif;tpOftvm BuD;rm; onfh tkd;a0*sme,fukd rsdK;qufurf; xkwfa0&jcif;vnf;jzpfNyD;? vuf&Sdjzpfay:aeaom acwftajc taersm;ukd xif[yfaz:jyEkdif&efESifh Armjynfolvlxk\ ppftmPm&SifpepfqefYusifa&; 'Drkdua&pD a&;wkdufyGJwGif tkd;a0*sme,frS wwyf wtm; yg0iftm;jznfhEkdif&ef BudK;pm;aejcif;vnf; jzpfygonf/ wenf;tm;jzifhqkdaomf tvGefwm0efBuD;NyD;? ppftmPm&SifatmufwGif tkd;a0*sme,fukd vQdKU0Sufxkwfa0&jcif; jzpfonfhtwGuf tcuftcJ tMuyftwnf;rsdK;pkH&Sdaeygonf/ xkdokdYaom tajctaetaMumif;rsm;aMumifh usaemfwkdY\ tkd;a0*sme,fwGif csdKU,Gif; tm;enf;csufrsm; rvGJra&Smifom yg&SdaerSm aocsmygonf/ usaemfwkdY\ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd rnfolrqkd axmufjya0zefapvkdygonf/ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd axmufjya0zefjcif; rjyKrSmukdyif usaemfwkdY txl;pkd;&drfrdygonf/ xkdYaMumifh csdKU,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd jyifqifEkdif&ef? jznfhqnf;Ekdif&eftwGuf vkdtyfaom orkdif;tcsuftvufrsm;? pmrlrsm;? a0zeftMuHay;pmrsm; ay;ykdYjcif;? tzufzufrS ukd,fwwfEkdifonfh ykHpHESifh ulnDjcif;jzifh tkd;a0*sme,fukd ausmif;om;? jynfolw&yfvkH;u 0kdif;0ef;aqmif&Gufaeonfh ppftmPm&SifpepfqefUusifa&;? 'Drkdua&pDa&;wkdufyGJ0if pmapmifwcktjzpf oabmxm;Mu&ef yefMum;tyfygonf/ / tdk;a0*sme,f

17

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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwfa0onf

olwikd ;f pdw0f ifpm;Muygonf/ txl;ojzifh tmPm&Si\ f zdEydS rf aI tmufwiG f ae&olrsm;? tcuftcJ tusyt f wnf;eJY &ifqikd af e&olrsm;? tm;rvdt k m;r& jzpfaeolwikd ;f pdw0f if pm;rnf jzpfygonf/ bmudrk S pdwrf 0ifpm;? rcHpm;Edik o f rl sm;vnf; &Syd gvdrrhf nf/ vuf&t dS cGix hf ;l cHpm; aeolrsm;? vufwqkyfpm aumif;pm;aeaom pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;? ppfbuft&m&Sdrsm;? e,fbuft&m&Srd sm;? vkyyf ikd cf iG &hf tvdak wmf&rd sm;taejzifh vuf&t dS cGit hf a&; qH;k &H;I &rnfh twGuf pdwrf aumif;yif jzpfMuygvdrrhf nf/ vuf&t dS pd;k &onf twÅBu;D ? wud, k af umif; qefaom0g'udk vufudkifxm;onfhtwGuf tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifh pnf;pdrfukd tbufbufu umuG,f&rnfhol jzpfygonf/ ,ckvnf;Munfyh g/ abmvH;k yGt J wGuf Edik if aH wmfawmfrsm;rsm; vla&G;jy;D aeygNy/D toif0h ifNy;D upm;&Ho k m&Syd gonf/ usaemfwEYkd ikd if w H iG f bmoHrS rMum;&/ 'DEikd if \ H trwf avmif;onf abmvH;k orm;avmufyif ta&;rBu;D oavm/ orwonf enf;jyavmufyif pdwf0ifpm;zdkY raumif;awmhonfavm ...&Sif;aeygNyD/ olww Ykd iG f puf&rkH S xkwv f yk o f nft h vm; orw? 0efBuD;csKyf? trwfrsm; jyKvkyí f t&kyfrsm;ESifh upm;OD;rnfrSm aocsmygonf/ onfhtwGufaMumifh cyfayghayghwefwef aeonfrmS rqef;awmhay/ 'grSom olw\ Ykd tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk umuG,Nf y;D om;? jynfov l x l k ESifh EdkifiHwumudk nmNyD;om; jzpfygonf/ vlwa,mufonf bJwaxmifausmu f kd vd&k modYk armif;ESiEf ikd \ f / tb,faMumifh qdak omf bJrsm;wGif awmfveS v f akd om pdwrf &Sad omaMumifjh zpfonf/ vlx Y uf cGet f m;Bu;D rm; aomqifukd cRe;f wvufjzifh apcdik ;f í&onf/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf qifonf cRe;f udk aMumufaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ usaemfwYkd aMumufpw d &f adS eoí awmfveS v f akd om pdwrf &So d a&GU tmPm&Sirf sm;\ vufatmufwiG f ay;wm,l? auR;wmpm;? cdik ;f wmvkyb f 0jzifY oGm;&OD;rnfom jzpfonf/ wd&pämefxufomaom t&kyfb0rsm;jzifh &Sifoefae&ayOD;rnfom/ / 'DrGef 19

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