Overview Of Pc Tools: Focars-85

OVERVIEW OF PC TOOLS FOCARS-85 G.R.K.MURTHY

MOTHER BOARD AND PROCESSOR

The motherboard - base of a PC with master brain called the chipset   Processor : brain of a PC   •Processor and motherboard are interdependent-very expensive and tough to upgrade •P 4 and AMD processors Select a motherboard based on number of • slots for add-on cards. • RAM slots and how much RAM it can take. 2/6/2009

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Precautions in selection of motherboard and processor

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Take motherboard supporting DDR2 SDRAM. MS Office, 2D games need motherboard to support onboard graphics and with AGP slot for upgradeability No AMD processors on an Intel motherboard, or vice versa. Motherboard for P3 unsuitable for P4 processor

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RAM 

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RAM provides the temporary storage area between processor and hard disk The minimum RAM requirement for Windows XP is 64 MB. Programs like Photoshop, Flash, Dreamweaver, AutoCAD, etc, need at least 256 MB to 1024 MB RAM.

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Windows vista… facts to consider 

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Need 512 MB RAM with 800 MHz processor, graphics card of at least 128 MB, 40 GB hard disk (with at least 15GB free) Stable release of drivers for hardware like graphics card, sound card are awaited Some software are not supported (like nero CD burning) Most antivirus software are yet to be supported

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Present models of processors  Dual

core - a CPU with two separate cores on the same die, each with its own cache  uses slightly less power than two coupled single-core processors  Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intel's 64-bit dual-core

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Facts on bits and Processors   

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A 32 bit CPU can process 32 bits of data at a time 64-bit CPU performs better than a 32 bit processor 64 bit is very useful for 3d animators, game developers, CAD/CAM engineers, automobile manufacturers A 32 bit CPU can access only 4 GB (232 ) of main memory while a 64 bit CPU can address up to 17 billion GB which is more than enough for any present and near future application A 64 bit CPU needs 64 bit OS and 64 bit applications to deliver optimum results. Some 64 bit CPUs allows to run 32 bit applications and OS but it is a point of under utilization A 64 bit processor doubles the bandwidth with the processor core while dual core gives 2 processor cores inside a single processor The entry level is 915 chipset while others include 925,945 and 955 chipsets. 945 and 955 based chipsets support dual core processors (called Pentium D)

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HARD DISK i.The interface speed: Between motherboards and hard disks (measured in Mbps). SCSI hard disk is good for high speeds. ii. Spindle speed: The faster the speed, better the performance, ranging from 5400 rpm to 7200 rpm for ordinary purposes. For video rendering sort of work , go for higher speeds or opt for SCSI drives that offer even 10000 to 15000 rpm speeds. iii. Seek time: This is measured in milliseconds. How quickly can the disk store or retrieve data influences the disk performance. The lesser the seek time, the faster the disk performance.

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GRAPHICS CARD

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Graphics card come onboard

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Graphic intensive applications like image editor, web design, multimedia content creation need upgrade of graphic card

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Graphic cards come with its VRAM like 128,256,512 MB etc

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Sound cards    

Sound cards come onboard- suitable for voice chat, music, net-phone etc Special sound cards for home theater quality (price range of Rs 600-17000) Matching of speakers needed Selection based on Recording depth(16,24 bits) Recording and playback rate(44.1 kHz stereo), Signal to noise ratio (Larger ratio better)etc

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MONITOR  Resolution:

640x480, 800x600, 1024x768

pixels  Refresh rate : represents no. of times the screen is refreshed. It is about 72-75 Hz  Color – keep at 16 bit color  Dot pitch : horizontal distance between pixels (<0.3 mm)  Digital- LCD or Plasma

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LCD Vs Plasma LCD TVs use a florescent backlight to send light through its liquid crystal molecules  It doubles as TV and computer monitor  Becoming cheaper and with higher contrast ratios (of 1000:1)  It is available in many sizes Plasma screens use a small electric pulse for each pixel to excite the rare natural gases argon, neon and xenon  Very susceptible to screen burn-in  Cannot produce deep black levels accurately  Fragile  Use a lot of power

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PRINTERS 

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DPI needs : 200 for text prints, 600 for colour prints, 720 for graphic designers and above 1200 for photo quality Component availability Ink saving methods Refills Speed and print quality Print per page: A cartridge is rated based on 5 % coverage area Jam free feature

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PRINTERS AND YOU  Home

use : 2400 dpi, 7-8 ppm  Home office use: 10 ppm, high resolutions if you are a graphic designer  Designers : Printer with highest resolution, high end photo editing, support for various media

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SCANNERS  Resolution

: Check for optical resolution of 1200 x 2400  Color depth : 24 bit good for home or office use. 48 bit are also available  Free software : Image editing and OCR etc  Easy connectivity to PC  One button scan

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UPS Voltage regulation  Power rating : 500 VA ideal for home use  Technology to pick:  offline(switch over time of 5 ms), Online (no switch over), line interactive  Switchover time : less than 10 ms to switch to battery when main fails  Backup: usually 15-20 min at full capacity 

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DIGITAL CAMERA   

With battery pack, memory card (16-32 MB or floppy based), AC power adaptor, PC connectors Specified in megapixels Look for resolution, zoom in, (digital and optical zoom) battery life, white balance, image manipulation

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Digital camera contd…

100 x 100

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12 x 12

5x5

Specified in mega pixels A pixel is a piece of information. A pixel describes where it is located in the grid and what color it is. Currently 5 mega pixels is generally available 18

What is a Mega Pixel? •1.3 MegaPixel Camera •2.1 MegaPixel Camera •6.0 MegaPixel Camera Mega = 1 million Using our example of a 6 x 6 pixel image:

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A camera producing pictures of 6 x 6 pixels is a 36 pixel camera! (6 x 6 = 36) A camera producing pictures that are: 1280 x 960 pixels 1280 x 960 = 1,228,800 pixels = 1.2288 MegaPixels is a 1.3 MegaPixel Camera. 19

WEB CAMERA

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Number of resolutions supported: For video chatting, choose less resolution to save bandwidth and for video recording use high resolution Compression formats supported (jpg,avi etc) Operating systems supported (windows, mac etc) Bundled software (for videochat ,edit etc) Average frame rate during playback : full motion video has 30 fps Playback quality: free from flickering, colour mismatches, blurring etc

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CD Vs DVD

No Feature

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CD

DVD

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Storage,

650-700 MB

4.7 GB

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Sampling rate, /s

44100

96000

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Quantization, bits/sample

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No. of channels for recording

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6

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Analog signal – digitized with higher precision

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DVD Formats  DVD+R/DVD-R

records data once and no

re recording  DVD+RW/DVD-RW

disc can be erased

and rerecorded

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CAMCORDERS Analog

camcorders -connects to TV -suitable to view video on TV, -low budget - Price range Rs 20000 - 30000, from Sony, Samsung & Panasonic - need video capture card to connect to PC DV camcorders -comes in regular and MiniDV sizes -connects to PC over FireWire -needs a FireWire port on PC

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CAMCORDERS contd.. DVD-based

camcorder -saves videos on 8 cm (3-inch) rewritable or DVD discs -Can use an optical disc which enables rewriting upto 100,000 times -Instead of having to rewind-forward to come to the spot to reach last recording point, a DVD-based camcorder starts recording from where it left off -the video quality doesn't differ or deteriorate over time -almost the same cost as a MiniDV camcorder -Hitachi - Rs 68,000 and 78,000, Panasonic - Rs 89,990 (Prices during 2006) 2/6/2009

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DVD PLAYERS     

What does it play? DVDs, VCDs, audio CDs, MP3 CDs and recorded CD-R and CD-RWs. Is it compatible with your existing set up like TV or speakers? How is Sound and picture quality? DTS and Dolby Digital Can it record? Choose those which also can record Can it support multiple formats? DVD player supporting multiple formats

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What is an iPod? 

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iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Computer full-sized model stores media on a built-in hard drive

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What an iPod can do? 

Listening to music and recorded sounds

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playing audio files in the format of MP3, WAV

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watching movies, animations and video files (including mp4 format)

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File transfering

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keeping track of meetings, schedules, deadlines to meet targets

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Using as organizer

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Computer networks

A simple network Computers Printer

•A Computer Network is a group of two or more independent Cable computers connected in an organized manner such that they can communicate with each other . •Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes. 2/6/2009

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WHY A COMPUTER NETWORK? A Network can 

Coordination between processes running on different nodes

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Distribute pieces of computation among computers (nodes)

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Remote I/O Devices

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Remote Data/File Access

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Personal communications (like e-mail, chat, audio/video conferencing)

WHY A COMPUTER NETWORK? A Network can 

Coordination between processes running on different nodes

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Distribute pieces of computation among computers (nodes)

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Remote I/O Devices

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Remote Data/File Access

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Personal communications (like e-mail, chat, audio/video conferencing) 2/6/2009

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Roles of Computers in a Network Mail Server Database Database Server Server

Fax Server

Database

FileFile andand Print Print Server Server

Directory Services Server

Client Computer

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Network topology Main Hub/switch

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Mobile phones- selection criteria       

Keyboard/touch screen Connectivity- for VPNs to support through Wi-fi Triband or dualband- for outbound (country) people Email Surfing Screen- big, scratch resistant, easily readable in sunlight, high resolution without draining battery Camera/music or both?

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MOBILE PHONES 2G  

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Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) Time division multiple access (TDMA) or Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) Code division multiple access (CDMA) Transfer speeds upto 144Kbps (about 8 minutes to download a 3-minute song).

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3G 

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3G stands for "third generation“ multimedia cell phone – smart phones transfer speeds of up to 3 Mbps (about 15 seconds to download a 3-minute MP3 song)

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FDMA

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TDMA

CDMA

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Bluetooth devices 

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Bluetooth enables devices to communicate with each other when they are in range through radio communications system eg., phones, printers, modems and headsets The devices need not be in line of sight of each other, and can even be in other rooms, as long as the received transmission is powerful enough. Range varies from 1-100 m Bluetooth's primary use is to replace cables, while Wi-Fi is to provide wireless, high-speed access to the Internet or a local area network.

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Trends in Mobiles  Music 

phones/Camera phones

Nokia 5610 ( 10K), 3.2 Mp camera 512 MB micro SD card (expandable upto 4 GB), 3.5 mm audio jack, blue tooth (Good for music buffs);

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For good camera of same specs, Sony

 Dual 

Ericsson K 810i

SIM Phones (Usha-Lexus- 9 K)

GSM phone with GPRS, Dual SIM(Subscriber Identification Module) each acting as 1 and 2 respectively, Li-ion battery, MP3, 2 MP camera

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Trends in Mobiles… contd   

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N-70 music edition comes with 1 GB Memory card N-95 has TV out, video playback etc Smartphones- handheld device that integrates voice functionality to store information, email, install applications through OS (windows mobile, blackberry, linux etc) iPhone - a multimedia, Internet-enabled mobile phone designed and marketed by Apple Inc

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Thanks

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