Oct 06

-•’-üµ¿-¢√®Ωç 4 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Sankar: Hi Vishnu, you've been away for such a long time that I felt lonely here.

(؈’ äçô-J-ûª-†çûÓ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úËç-ûª-é¬©ç †’´¤y •ßª’-ô’-Ø√o´¤)

Sankar: Thank God. I wasn't with you.

(•A-éÀ-§Úߪ÷. FûÓ Øˆ’ ™‰†ç-ü¿’èπ◊. (™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ؈÷ îª÷ú≈Lq ´îËaC) Vishnu: What next now? Shall we have coffee?

Vishnu: I felt the same too, without your company.

(F ≤ƒ£æ«-Ωuç ™‰éπ ؈÷ Å™«ØË ¶«üµ¿-°æú≈f) Sankar: Why did it take so long for you?

(Åçûª-鬩ç áçü¿’èπ◊ °æöÀdçC?) Vishnu: I had been away on a company assignment. I returned this morning.

(éπç°F °æE-O’ü¿ ¢Á∞«x†’. Ñ §Òü¿’lØËo ´î√a†’) Assignment = Å°æp-Tç-*† °æE. ÅÂÆj-†tçö¸ – 'ÂÆj— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Sankar: What kind of assignment?

(ûª®√y-ûËçöÀ?

coffee

BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ü∆´÷?)

Sankar: OK. ☯

☯

☯

☯

éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ´’†ç so ¢√úøéπç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. 'so' Åçõ‰– 1) Åçûª a) He isn't so tall. (Åûª-†çûª §Òúø’-Ííç-é¬ü¿’)

Vishnu: Such a tough assignment that I had to visit a number of places. I had to see a number of dealers, watch the movement of our products, and see that the sales increased.

(Å¢Á÷t î√™« éπ≠d-¢æ Á’i† °æE. î√™« îÓôxèπ◊ (Ü∞¡xèπ◊) A®Ω-í¬-Lq-´-*açC. î√™«-´’çC dealers †’ îª÷Æœ, ´÷ company ûªßª÷K© Å´’t-鬩’ ᙫ ÖØ√oßÁ÷ í∫´’-Eç*, Å´’t-鬩’ °çî√-Lq† ¶«üµ¿uûª ÅC.) dealers = äéπ éπç°F ûªßª÷-K©’ (Ææ®Ω-èπ◊©’) Ţ˒t ¢√∞¡Ÿ}/ shops. Movement = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç = éπü¿-L-éπ(©’). Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç ã company ûªßª÷-K© Å´’t-éπ°æ¤ üµÓ®ΩùÀ. (Öü¿u´’ç ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. Telangana Movement = ûÁ©ç-í¬ù Öü¿u´’ç) Products= ûªßª÷K– ã éπç°F ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËÆ œ Ţ˒t ´Ææ’h´¤. v§ƒúøé˙d q – 'v§ƒ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Sankar: What a time you had! I really pity you, old boy! You do get a fat salary, but you can't have a minutes leisure.

(áçûª éπ≠dçæ í¬ í∫úÕ-§ƒ¢˛! E†’o îª÷ÊÆh ñ«™‰Ææ’hçC, N’vûª´÷! Fèπ◊ ´’ç* @ûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC é¬F éπ~ùç Nv¨»ç-A-™‰-ü¿’-éπü∆!) Vishnu: It isn't the salary that matters. I like the challenging nature of the job. It is such a challenge that you have the satisfaction of having done something. You feel happy that you've achieved something.

(@ûªç é¬ü¿’ ´·êuç, Åéπ\úø Ø√ ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ Ö†o Ææ¢√©’ Ø√éÀ≠dçæ . Ç Ææ¢√©’ áçûªü¿çõ‰, àüÓ éÌçûª ´’†´‚ ≤ƒCµç-î√ç-éπü∆ ÅØË ûª%°œh N’í∫’-©’-ûª’çC (éπ©’-í∫’-ûª’çC). ؈÷ àüÓ ≤ƒCµç-î√†’./ ÉC ؈’ ≤ƒCµç-î√†’ ÅØË ûª%°œh Öçô’çC.) that matters = ´·êuç. achieving = ≤ƒCµçîªôç; Achievement = ≤ƒCµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç Sankar: Corporate culture has taken hold of you. (°ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω Ææç≤ƒn ÆæçÆæ \ %A ÅDµ-†ç™ ÖØ√o´¤ †’´¤y). Corporate =°ü¿l °ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆæn-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†. Corporate - pronunciation 鬧ÒJ/ È®ö¸. Vishnu: And I am proud of it too.

(Ç îÓô’ Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç) ´·êuçí¬ so + adjective/ adverb + that (so Åçõ‰ adjective/ adverb ©’ ûÁLÊ° à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ ÅE ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. 2) American usage ™ î√™« ÅE Å®Ωnç. a) Thank you so much. (British: Thank you very much.)

Vishnu: I saw two but they were such lousy movies that I wished I hadn't seen them.

(È®çúø’ îª÷¨». Å¢Áçûª îÁûªhçõ‰ îª÷úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈-LqçC ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.) Lousy = îÁûªh. Louse - ™˜Æˇ– Ê°†’ – ÅÆæ©®Ωnç– Lousy - ÅÆæ-£æ«uçí¬/ îÁûªhí¬ ÖçC ÅE Aôd-ú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Lousy fellow ¢Áüµ¿´ ņoô’x.

Spoken English

3) Now look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson.

b) such a tough assignment that I had to visit a number of places.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

222

c) ... they were such lousy movies that I wished that I hadn't gone to them.

He is such a man that all like him =

Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æúË ´uéÀh Åûª†’. ÉD so ... that èπÿ, such ... that èπÿ Ö†o Ææç•çüµ¿ç, ûËú≈. ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç èπÿú≈ îª÷ü∆lç. a) He is such a good man that we all like him =

Åûª†’ ¢Ë’´’ç-ü¿®Ωç É≠æd-°æ-úËçûª ´’ç*-¢√úø’.

b) He is so good a man that we all like him. (a)

™

such a good man = (b)

™

so good a

man c) She is so clever a woman that she can solve any problem easily = She is such a clever woman that she can ...

(à Ææ´’-Ææu-ØÁjØ√ °æJ-≠æ \-Jç-îª-í∫-L-T-†çûª ûÁL-N -í∫-™«¢Á’) so clever a woman = such a clever woman

Thank you so much b) You are so nice. (British: You are very nice)

so + adjective/ adverb + thatsentences such ... that

°j

É°æ¤púø’ ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿í∫_®Ω Å™«çöÀ Å®Ωnç, ¢√úø’éπ Ö†o 'such' N≠æߪ’ç îª÷ü∆lç. Such Åçõ‰ Å™«çöÀ. a) I don't like such things = Å™«çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Ø√éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’. b) He never smiles. Such men are very dangerous =

Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ †´yúø’. Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿ} î√™« v°æ´÷ü¿ç.

c) She works very hard. Such people prosper =

Ç¢Á’ î√™« éπ≠dæ-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿ} °jéÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’. Such E É™« èπÿú≈ ¢√-úø-û√ç. (Such ... as èπÿ®Ω’pûÓ) a) Such people as Gandhi are always respected =

í¬çDµ-™«çöÀ ´uèπ◊h©’ á°æ¤púø÷ íı®Ω´ç §Òçü¿’-û√®Ω’. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ = í¬çDµ-™«çöÀ ´uèπ◊h-©†’ á°æ¤p-úø÷ íı®Ω-N-≤ƒh®Ω’)

b) Such trees as the coconut grow very tall

(éÌ•s-J-îÁôx ™«çöÀ îÁô’x à°æ¤í¬ °®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·) Ééπ\úø such ¢√úË B®Ω’, Å™«çöÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ: such + noun + as + noun (à Ê°®Ω’-ØÁjØ√ noun Åçö«ç) ™«çöÀ ÆœE-´÷©’ Å®Ω’ü¿’) Ééπ\úø ´÷ô èπÿ®Ω’p: Å®·ûË äéπ ´·êu í∫´’-Eéπ: °∂晫Ø√ ´uèπ◊h©, N≠æ-ߪ÷© ™«çöÀ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπü∆ Ééπ\úø ´’†ç such ... as ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. É™« such ... as ¢√úøôç ÆæÈ®j-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, ÉC é¬Ææh ví¬ç-C∑éπç, §ƒçúÕûªuç. Éçûª-éπç-õ‰ like ¢√úøôç î√™« simple, better éπü∆! (™«çöÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) 1) Such men as Gandhi are always respected = Men like Gandhi are always respected. 2) Such trees as the coconut = Trees like the coconut. such ... as •ü¿’©’ like ¢√úøôç Ææ®Óy-ûªh´’ç éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’ ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ: a) I bought a variety of fruits such as the mango, the apple, etc.

d) India is such a large country/ so large a

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç-™«ç-öÀüË ™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç èπÿú≈.

country that progress cannot be quick

(ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ Åçûª ûªyJûªç 鬆çûª °ü¿l ü˨¡ç ¶µ«®Ωû˝) Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd, so í¬F such í¬F ¢√úø-´îª’a.

a) He is so good that all like him=

Åûª†’ Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-úËçûª ´’ç*-¢√úø’.

Sentences from the conversation:

M. SURESAN

b) He is such a good man that all like him.

1) You have been away for such a long time that I felt lonely.

Åçü¿®Ω÷ Åûª-†çõ‰ É≠æd-°æ-úø-û√®Ω’. Åçûª ´’ç*-¢√-úøûª†’. = Åûª-†ç-ü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-úËç-ûª- ´’ç-*-¢√úø’. í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. Ééπ\úø a) Å®Ωnç, b) Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰. c) The day was so hot that we couldn't go out

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ so ¢√úø-´îª’a. Å®·ûË Â°j† îª÷°œ-†ô’xí¬ such a long time, so long a time Å´¤ûª’çC. You have been away for so long a time that ...

= ¢Ë’ç •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-†çûª áçúøí¬ ÖçC Ç ®ÓV. 2) ... such a tough assignment that I had to

[so + adjective (hot) + that] d) It was such a hot day that we couldn't go out. sentence (c) word order

D†®Ωnç, Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø

Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. (´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p) ûËú≈.

such + adjective (hot) + day (noun) + that so adjective/ adverb such adjective noun noun

鬕öÀd È®çúÕçöÀ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË, ûª®√yûª ´Ææ’hçC. ûª®√yûª, ´*a, ü∆E ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ ®√¢√L. ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ,

visit many places = so tough an assignment that I had to visit many places ... 3) ... they were such lousy movies that ... = the movies were so lousy that ...

ÉO

so ... that, such ... that

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’.

EXERCISE

ANSWER

E†o meeting èπ◊ î√™«-´’çC ´î√a®√? Manish: áçûª Ææçêu™ ´î√a-®Ωçõ‰ Åçûª °ü¿l Hall èπÿú≈ ÆæJ-§Ú-™‰ü¿’. Pratap: ´éπh ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈ú≈? Manish: Åçü¿®Ω÷ E¨¡z-•lçí¬ èπÿ®Ω’aE v¨¡ü¿l¥ûÓ N†oçûª íÌ°æp ´éπh Çߪ’†. Pratap: àçö«-ߪ’† v°æÆæç-í∫ç™ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’? Manish: Çߪ’† îÁ°œp† Å稻©’ áçûª ´·êu-¢Á’i-†-´çõ‰, ´’†ç Ææ’©¶µºçí¬ Å†’-Ææ-Jç--îªí∫-LÍíç-ûªN. Pratap: Åçûª ´’ç* v°æÆæç-í∫´÷? Manish: @Nûªç™ ´’Sx N†-™‰-†çûª ´’ç* v°æÆæçí∫ç. Pratap: ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%≠ædç, ®√™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.

Pratap: Did a large number attend the meeting yesterday? / Was it a largely attended meeting yesterday?

c) Such movies as Titanic are rare. (Titanic

Such + movies (noun) + as + Titanic (noun)

(•ßª’-ô’-†o-°æ¤púø’ ÆœE-´÷-™‰-´’Ø√o îª÷¨»¢√?)

b) There were a number of things such as pen, paper, etc., = There were a number of things like ...

a) You have been away for such a long time that I felt lonely.

(Å™« Ö†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫Jy-Ææ’hØ√o.) Sankar: Did you see any movies while you were away?

(´÷N’úÕ, apple ™«çöÀ ®Ωéπ-®Ω-鬩 °æçúø’x éÌØ√o). É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx èπÿú≈ such as •ü¿’©’ like ¢√úøôç ´’† ¶µ«≠憒 Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ NE-°œç-îËô’x îËÆæ’hçC.

b) The place is so distant.

tall that/ so large that/ so nice that, etc.)

(ᙫçöÀ °æE?)

2

Pratap:

Manish: It was such a large number/ so large a number that the hall wasn't enough. Pratap: Did he speak well? Manish: He was such a great speaker/ so great a speaker that all heard him with all attention. Pratap: What were the special points/ highlights of his speech? Manish: He made such good points/ the points he made were so good that we can easily practise them. Pratap: Was it such a good speech/ so good a speech? Manish: So good a speech/ such a good speech that we can't hear it again. Pratap: Unfortunately, I couldn't attend it.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡Ÿ-vèπ-¢√®Ωç 6 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Sourabha: Hi Susmitha, we'd better start early so that we don't miss Aruna.

(Ææ’Æœtû√, ´’†ç ûÌçü¿-®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’ -üË-®Ωü∆ç, Å®Ω’-ù†’ miss é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊.) We'd better = We had better = ´’ç*C. You'd better see a doctor = you had better ... = doctor

†’´¤y

†’ îª÷úøôç ´’ç*C.

Susmitha: I am almost ready. I got up quite early so that I might not be late.

(؈’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Æœü¿l¥ç. ûªy®Ωí¬ ™‰î√†’ Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊.) Sourabha: That's good. I told the taxi man to be here at 7 so that we need not waste time looking for a taxi.

(´’ç*C. Taxi ¢√™«†’ àúÕç-öÀÍé ®Ω´’tE îÁ§ƒp, ´’Sx Taxi éÓÆæç time waste é¬èπ◊çú≈.)

Sourabha: That I've already done. The taxi will be here the day after tomorrow. She has to rest today and tomorrow to get over the jet lag.

(ÅD îËÊÆ-¨»†’. á©’xçúÕ §Òü¿’l† taxi Ñ®ÓW, Í®°æ¤ ûª†’ rest BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC jet lag †’ç* •ßª’-ô -°æ-úø-ö«-EéÀ.) jet lag = N´÷-Ø√™x Ææ’ü¿÷®Ω v°æߪ÷-ù«©’ îËߪ’-ôç™ ®√vA-°æ-í∫∞¡x ´’üµ¿u ü˨¡-üË-¨»-©èπ◊ ÖçúË ûËú≈© ´©x éπLÍí •úø-Léπ. ready.

Susmitha: Let's accompany her to Tirupathi so that we too can have Lord Venkateswara's darsanam.

(´’†ç èπÿú≈ Å®Ω’-ùûÓ ¢Á∞¡ü∆ç. ´’†ç èπÿú≈ A®Ω’-´’-™‰-¨¡ŸE ü¿Jzç--éÓ-´îª’a.)

get up early =

ûªy®Ωí¬ Evü¿ ™‰îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ £æ«®Ω{ ûªy®Ωí¬ °æúø’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’. c) I am noting down the phone numbers so

(Plane correct

í¬ á°æ¤p-úÌ-Ææ’hçC?)

(8.30éÀ. Check in area †’ç* •ßª’öÀéÀ ®√´-ö«-EéÀ ÉçéÓ í∫çô °æúø’-ûª’çC Å®Ω’-ùèπ◊. ûªE& -ûª®√y-ûª Baggage BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç ¶µºvü¿û√ 鬮Ω-ù«-©-´©x Ñ ®Ó-V™x î√™« Ç©-Ææu-´’-´¤-ûÓçC.) touch down = N´÷†ç ¶µº÷O’t-ü¿èπ◊ Cí∫ôç. Check in = ´’† ≤ƒ´÷†’x N´÷-Ø√-v¨¡ßª ’ ÅCµ-鬮Ω’©’ ûªE& îËߪ’ôç. Check in Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç = Hotel ™ •Ææèπ◊ í∫C BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. baggage - ¶«Tñ¸ (¶« bank ™ b ™«) = ≤ƒ´÷†’x. baggage (American) = luggage (British) Susmitha: Then why are we going so early?

(Å®·ûË áçü¿’-éÀçûª ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’Ø√oç?)

´·çüË

Sourabha: The airport is so long way off. There are likely to be traffic jams. We are starting so early so that nothing may delay us. Better half an hour early than a minute late.

(N´÷-Ø√-v¨¡ßª’ç î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç. Traffic ®ΩDl©’ ¶«í¬ Öçúø-´îª’a. É¢Ëç ´’†èπ◊ Ç©Ææuç éπL-Tç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç. äéπ EN’≠æç Ç©Ææuç éπçõ‰ äéπ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’ç-úøôç †ßª’ç éπü∆.) Susmitha: The first thing Aruna wants to do after landing here is to go to Tirupathi. Let's fix another taxi ready so that she may not lose time.

(Ééπ\úø Cí∫-í¬ØË ´·çü¿’ A®Ω’-°æ-A-Èé-∞«x©E Å®Ω’ù éÓJéπ. ÉçéÓ taxi E èπÿú≈ ´÷ö«x-úø’ü∆ç, time éπL-≤Ò-Ææ’hçC.)

Spoken English

He came here so that he could meet the minister.

that I can call you when necessary =

´’çvAE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅûªE¢√∞¡ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aúø’

Now look at the following sentences from

He bought the bike so that he can move about quickly =

a) He is so good that every one likes him =

the conversation at the beginning of the

ûªy®Ωí¬ AJ-Ííç-ü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†’ Åûª†’ bike é̆’-èπ◊\-Ø√oúø’ =

lesson:

He bought the bike to (be able to) move about quickly.

☺

☺

☺

™

.. so that we don't miss .. Sourabha: At 8.30. It'll be another hour after the touch down for Aruna to come out of the check in area and join us. The collection of the baggage after the baggage check these days take a lot of time because of security reasons.

É™« ¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x •ü¿’©’ to ¢√úË-ߪ’-´îª’a, simple í¬.

îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.

☺

Åûªúø’ Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-úËçûª ´’ç*-¢√úø’ =

Susmitha: When exactly is the arrival of the plane?

so that so that

lessons so + adjective/ adverb + sentences that, such + (adj) + noun + that

Sourabha: OK.

´îËa

223

b) Harsha goes to bed early so that he can

Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-°æ¤púø’ °œL-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅEo phone numbers ®√Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. É™« °j sentences ™™«, so that ÅØË expression ÖüËl-¨»Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

éÀçü¿öÀ

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

2

He is such a good man that everyone likes him. b) She drives so slow that even a bullock cart can over take her =

áúøx-•çúÕ èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’†’ M. SURESAN ü∆öÀ-§Ú-ßË’çûª ØÁ´’tCí¬ é¬®Ω’ †úø’-°æ¤-ûª’ç-ü∆¢Á’. Hers is such slow driving that even a bullock cart over takes her. (overtake =

´·çü¿’†o ¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo ü∆öÀ-¢Á-∞¡xôç) ÉD ´’†ç, so ... that/ such ... that © í∫’Jç* Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC. É°æ¤púø’ éÀçC sentences ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:

a) He studies so hard that he always scores high =

-áèπ◊\-´

marks

´îËaçûª ¶«í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-û√-úø-ûª†’.

1) We'd better start early so that we don't miss Aruna =

Å®Ω’-ù†’ miss é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωôç ´’ç*C. 2) I got up quite early so that I might not be late =

Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ Evü¿-™‰-î√†’. 3) I told the taximan to be here at 7, so that we need not waste time looking for a taxi = Taxi time waste

¢√™«†’ àúÕç-öÀÍé ®Ω´’tE îÁ§ƒp, ´’Sx taxi éÓÆæç îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈/ é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊.

4) We are starting so early so that nothing may delay us =

üËE-´™«x Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’-èπ◊í¬†’, ´’†ç ´·çüË •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç. 5) Let's accompany her to Tirupathi so that we too can have darsanam =

ÅØËC, Åûª†’ áçûª/ à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ îªü¿’-´¤ -ûª’-Ø√oúÓ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. Sentence (b) He is studying very hard so that he may score high ...

ÅØËC Åûª†’ à ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-†oD ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. í∫’®Ω’hç-- π◊çü∆ç: So that á°æ¤púø÷ ´’†ç äéπ °æEE áçü¿’ π◊ îË≤ƒhç/ ´’† ÖüËl-¨»Eo (purpose) ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. a) Susila started at 7 itself so that she may not be late for class = Class

èπ◊ Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææ’Q© àúÕç-öÀÍé •ßª’-©’-üË-JçC.

†’ ÖüËl¨¡ç ûÁLÊ° Å®ΩnçûÓ, to + 1st ¢√úø-´îª’a.)

Å®·ûË so that •ü¿’©’ infinitive ¢√úøôç ÅEo-îÓö«x ≤ƒüµ¿uç é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. Ééπ\úø îª÷úøçúÕ. Let's accompany her so that we too can have darsanam.

´’†ç èπÿú≈ ü¿®Ωz†ç §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊, ´’†ç ûª†ûÓ éπL-Æœ -¢Á-∞¡ü∆ç. Ñ sentence ™ so that we too can have darsanam •ü¿’©’, to have darsanam ÅE infinitive (to have) ¢√úÕûË ÅüË Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. Let's accompany her to have darsanam Åçõ‰ ´îËa Å®Ωnç, ü¿®Ωz-Ø√-EéÀ Ç¢Á’ûÓ éπL-Æœ-¢Á-∞¡-ü∆-´’ØË ´Ææ’hçC. ÅçûË-é¬E so that Ö†o sentence ™™«í∫ Ç¢Á’ûÓ ¢ÁRûË ´’†èπÿ ü¿®Ωz†ç Å´¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E ®√ü¿’. ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îª÷úøçúÕ: Let's accompany her so that we can have darsanam too =

´’†´‚ ûª†-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ¢ÁRûË ´’†´‚ ü¿®Ωz†ç îËÆæ’éӴa. Let's accompany her to have darsanam.

ü¿®Ωz-Ø√-EéÀ ûª†-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ´’†ç ¢Á∞¡ü∆ç. ´’†ç ¶µ«≠æ practice îËÆæ’h-†o-éÌDl, ´’†èπ◊ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’ èπ◊ç-ú≈-ØË, so that áéπ\-úø- ¢√-ú≈™, to áéπ\-úø -¢√-ú≈™ ¢√úË-Ææ’hçö«ç. Practice alone helps us.

ANSWER

Practise the following aloud in English.

Sulochana: Take a decision, only after a lot of thinking so that you don't regret later (to avoid regretting later)

Sulochana:

(adv)]

Sentence (a) He is studying so hard that ...

(Åçõ‰

EXERCISE

b) so that -

Ééπ\úø so èπ◊ that èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ÉçÍéç ´÷ô ®√´-úøç-™‰ü¿’. ÅN È®çúø÷ °æéπ\-°æ-éπ\ØË ´Ææ’h-Ø√o-®·-éπü∆. (a) éÀ, (b) éÀ Å®Ωnç™ èπÿú≈ ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eç-î √®Ω’ éπü∆.

so that Regular Doing Word = infinitive

´’†ç èπÿú≈ ûª†ûÓ éπLÆœ ¢Á∞¡ü∆ç, ´’†´‚ ü¿®Ωz†ç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.

b) He is studying very hard so that he may score high =

-áèπ◊\-´ marks ûÁa-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, Åûª†’ î√™« éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. a) ... so hard that. [so èπ◊ that èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u hard

He came here to meet the minister

-î√-™« -Ç-™-*ç-* -E®Ωg-ߪ’ç -BÆæ’éÓ, -ûª®√y-ûª -*ç--Aç-îªèπ◊ç-ú≈ -Öç--úËçü¿’èπ◊. (-*ç-Aç-îª-ôç= regret/ repent)

Sunayana:

Sunayana: That's exactly why I've asked for two days time ... so that I can think well about it.

-Åç-ü¿’Íé È®ç-vúÓ-V-©’ -Å-úÕí¬ -¶«í¬ -Ç-™-*ç-îª-´-îªa-E. Sulochana: °-ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x-†’ èπÿ-ú≈ -Å-úø’í∫’-ü∆ç, -¢√-∞¡x -Å-Gµ-v§ƒ--ߪ’-´‚ -ûÁ-©’Ææ’ èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Sunayana: Åçü¿’-éπØË ´÷´’-ߪ’u--†’ -É-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®Ω´’tØ√o. Sulochana: ÅEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Çߪ’-†ûÓ îÁ§ƒpL ´’†ç, Çߪ’-†èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† Å´-í¬-£æ«† ´îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊. Sunayana: Ç-ߪ’-†’o -ã È®çvúÓ-V-©’ -Ééπ\-úø Öç-úø-´’-Ø√L, ûÌçü¿-®Ω-§ƒô’ E®Ωgߪ÷-EéÀ ®√èπ◊çú≈ (conclusion= E®Ωl¥®Ωù)

Sulochana: Let's consult our elders too, so that we can have their opinion. (to have their opinion)

Sulochana: OK.

Sulochana: OK.

Sunayana: That's why I've asked my uncle to come here. (... I've asked my uncle over here) Sulochana: We should tell him all about it, so that he can have a correct understanding of it. Sunayana: We should ask him to be here for two days to avoid coming to a conclusion in a hurry. (So that we may not come to a conclusion in a hurry)

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 8 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ramesh: Hi Nikhila, What brings you here?

(àçöÀ™« ´î√a¢˛?) (Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ What brings you here? ÅØËC Å´’-®√uü¿éπ®Ωç ÅØË Å§Ú£æ« ÖçC. é¬E ÉC ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æ©-éπ-JçÊ°. O’ conversation ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úøçúÕ.) Nikhila: Just to see you. Long since we met, you know.

(E†’o îª÷-úø-ö«-EÍé. ´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E î√-™« ®ÓV-©-®·çC éπü∆) Ramesh: Thank you. Any news of Krishna?

(´’ç*üË. éπ%≠æg†’ í∫’-Jç-* à¢Á’iØ√ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Nikhila: I'm afraid I haven't any.

(àç ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’.

Some =

éÌçûª, éÌEo.

a) There is some milk in the glass =

í¬xÆæ’™ éÌçîÁç- §ƒ-©’-Ø√o®·. b) Have some coffee =

é¬Ææh

coffee

BÆæ’éÓ.

c) She cooked some of the rice =

Ç Gߪ’uç™ -Ç-¢Á’ éÌçûª ´çúÕçC. d) I gave him some books yesterday =

E†o -Å-ûªúÕéÀ ؈’ éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-î√a†’. e) Some men were sitting; others were standing =

éÌçûª-´’çC èπÿ®Ω’aE ÖØ√o®Ω’, Éûª-®Ω’©’ E©’-E ÖØ√o®Ω’.

Ramesh: I was hopeful you'd have some information about him.

(†’¢ËyüÓ ÅûªE í∫’-Jç-* îÁ§ƒh-´ØË Ç¨¡-ûÓÖØ√o.) Nikhila: Let's call Alamelu. She might have some news.

(Å-©-¢Ë’-©’èπ◊ phone îËü∆lç. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ éÌçûª ûÁL-ßÁ·îª’a.)

éÌçü¿®Ω’ students ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Any = àüÁjØ√, á´-È®jØ√

Ééπ\úÕ à °æ¤Ææh-éπ-¢Á’i-Ø√/- É-éπ\úÕ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©™ àüÁjØ√ êK--ü¿®·ç-üË. b) Any of them will help you =

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

(Åéπ\úø FÈé-´-®ΩØ√o ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©’Ø√o®√?) Nikhila: I haven't any friends there.

(Åéπ\úø Ø√Èé-´®Ω÷ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©’ ™‰®Ω’)

(Ø√èπÿ ™‰®Ω’. é¬Ææh coffee û√í∫’-ü∆´÷? §Òü¿’l-†’oç* coffee BÆæ’éÓ™‰ü¿’ ؈’) Nikhila: Coffee is certainly welcome. I've come to you for some CDs on spoken English. Can you lend me them? (Coffee spoken English CD

Ø√éÀ-≠d¢æ Ë’. ØËØÌ-*açC éÌEo © éÓÆæç. -Å-N Ø√éÀ-≤ƒh¢√?) Ramesh: List the CDs you want.

(Fé¬\-´-©Æœ†

CD

©

list

®√®·)

Nikhila: I want some paper and pen.

(Ø√é¬\Ææh

paper, pen

鬢√L)

Ramesh: Here you are. Have this coffee too.

(ÉNíÓ. Ñ

coffee

èπÿú≈ BÆæ’éÓ)

Nikhila: Thank you. But I need some more sugar.

(Ø√éÌ\çîÁç °æçîª-ü∆®Ω 鬢√L.) Ramesh: There isn't any in this bowl. I will get some. Wait.

(Ñ *†o §ƒvûª™ ™‰ü¿’. ØË-†’ BÆæ’éÌ≤ƒh. Öçúø’) ☯

☯

☯

☯

™ some èπ◊, any éÀ î√-™« -v§ƒ-´·-êu--´·ç-C. ´’†-ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’, some Åçõ‰ éÌçûª, éÌEo ÅF, any Åçõ‰ àüÁjØ√, à¢ÁjØ√, á´-È®jØ√ ÅE. Spoken English

Spoken English

1) I'm afraid I haven't any. (I haven't any news = I have no news.

Ñ È®çúø’ èπÿú≈ grammatical í¬ correct. Å®·ûË no more éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ not any more ÅØËC spoken English ™ áèπ◊\´ ¢√-úø-û√®Ω’. Å™« ¢√úÕ-ûËØË English, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. ´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷úøçúÕ. a) There is no sugar in the bowl.

I have no news 2)

...

Åçûª Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† ¢√úø’éπ é¬ü¿’)

You'd have some news-

not

™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd some news. (F ü¿í∫_-Í®üÓ ¢√®Ωh-©’ç-ö«-ߪ’E ÇPçî√) (Not / Question ûÓ any)

3) ... she might have some news.

b) I have no money (not natural) 224

not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd some. (Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_®Ω éÌçûª Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÖçúÌa) 4) But there aren't any races now.

(É™« ņôç, There are no races ņôç éπØ√o ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç, Ææ£æ«ïç) 5) Do you have any friends there?

I haven't (have not) any money/ I don't

(Question

鬕öÀd

any)

sentences (no, not sentences) some, not sentences questions any

(Ø√ ü¿í∫_-JéÀ Ææ£æ…ߪ÷EéÀ ®√´ü¿’l) – Éü¿ç-ûª natural é¬ü¿’. Spoken English ™ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ ÉC ¢√úø®Ω’. ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË sentence –

™, Ö†o ™í¬F/ ™í¬F

Don't come to me any more for help. 3) I don't have any money

¢√-úø-û√ç. 1) They have some books

6) I haven't any= I don't have any.

2) Come no more to me for help

´÷´‚-©’í¬ affirmative

M. SURESAN

(¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_®Ω éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√o®·) Ramesh: Neither have I. How about having coffee? I haven't had any since morning.

Now look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson:

Have some coffee ™‰E

Ramesh: Do you have any friends there?

1) Waste no more time

(ÉC spoken English -™ -Åç-ûª -áèπ◊\-´í¬ -N-E°œç-îª-ü¿’.) = There isn't any sugar in the bowl. (ÉC spoken English -î √-™« natural (Ææ£æ«-ïç)í¬ üµ¿yEç-îËô’d îËÆæ’hçC.)

¢√∞¡x™x á´-È®jØ√ Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îË≤ƒh®Ω’.

Åûª†’ jockey éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE †í∫-®√-©Fo A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’. Race course ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ phone îËÊÆh ¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_-®Ω éπ*a-ûª-´’-®·† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Öçô’çC) (Jockey= ñ«éà – í∫’v®Ω-°æpç-ü∆--™ x í∫’v®√-©†’ †úÕ-Ê°-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Race course = í∫’v®Ω-°æpç--ü∆©’ ïJÍí ¢Á’iü∆†ç)

(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛™  í∫’v®Ω-°æpç-ü∆™‰ç ™‰´¤ É°æ¤púø’. °æçü∆© Ææ´’-ߪ’ç- é¬-C-éπ\úø. É°æ¤púø’ ¶„çí∫∞¡⁄®˝ í∫’v®Ω-°æpç-ü∆© Time. Åûª-†-éπ\-úø’ç-úÌa.)

éÌî√a®Ω’.

a) Any book/ Any of the books here is very expensive =

Ramesh: As a jockey he keeps moving about. Let's call the Race course. They can give us definite information about him.

Nikhila: But there aren't any races now in Hyderabad. Not the season here. It's the Bangalore racing season. He might be in Bangalore.

class

= Do not (Don't) waste any more time. ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆– no more = not any more. 2) Don't waste any more time.

f) Only some students were present =

Sorry)

2

I have no money

She has no property

éπØ√o

éπØ√o

7) I haven't had any coffee since morning. (Better than saying, I have had no coffee since morning)

N’í∫û√ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ some ¢√úøéπç éÌçûª ÅF, éÌFo ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√ú≈ç îª÷úøçúÕ.

ņôç,

Practise the following aloud in English. Vinod:

have no friends

better, natural.

EXERCISE

(They haven't (have not) any books) Question:

better, natural.

4) She doesn't have any property

X They do not (don't) have any books

= ¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_Í®ç °æ¤Ææh-鬩÷ ™‰´¤.

éπØ√o

ņôç,

(É™« ņôç, I ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç, Ææ£æ«ïç)

ANSWER Vinod: You seem to have some computer books. Can you lend me some?

F ü¿í∫_®Ω computer books à-¢Ó Ö†o-ô’xVikram: Who said so? I don't have any (books on Ø√o®·. Ø√éÌ\-Eo-≤ƒh¢√? computers). Vikram: á´-®Ω-Ø√o®Ω’? Ø√ ü¿í∫_Í®ç computer Vinod: You usually buy, don't you? books ™‰´¤. (¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_®Ω °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™‰-´’-Ø√o/- °æ¤Ææh鬙‰-¢ÁjØ√ Vinod: †’´¤y ´÷´‚-©’í¬ éÌçô’ç-ö«´¤ éπü∆? Vikram: I don't have any money. I don't buy (them) ÖØ√oߪ÷?) any more. Vikram: É°æ¤púø’ úø•’s©’ ™‰´¤. éÌ-†-úøç ™‰ü¿’. 2) He wants some more milk. Vinod: They aren't giving me books any more in Vinod: Ç library ™ Ø√éÀçé¬ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-´y-ôç(Åûª-EéÀ ÉçéÌç-îÁç §ƒ©’ 鬢√L) the library. ™‰ ü ¿ ’ . X He doesn't want any more milk. Vikram: Why? Vikram: áçü¿’-éπE? (Åûª-EéÀçé𠧃©-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’) Vinod: Ø√™«çöÀ outsiders éÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx °æ¤Ææh-é¬ - Vinod: They aren't giving books to outsiders like Question: me any more. L´ y® Ω ô . Does he want any more milk? Vikram: I'm sorry. Why don't you buy? Vikram: I am sorry. é̆’é Ó\´ îª ’ a éπ ü ∆? (Éçé¬ §ƒ©’ 鬢√™«?) Vinod: I haven't the money/ I don't have the money. Å®·ûË éÌ-Eo Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x some, question ™ Vinod: Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s-™‰ü¿’. πÿú≈ ¢√-úø-û√ç. -v°æ-¨¡o: 1. say ûª®√yûª to Öçô’çC. ô°æ¤púø’, NØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Å©-¢√ô’°æúÕ a) will you have some more Upma? í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’. tell ûª®√yûª Öçúøü¿’. éÌEo = ÉçéÌçîÁç Ö§ƒt BÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«®√? DEéÀ answer verbs usage ™ confuse - ï - ¢ √- • ’: 1. Say ûª®√yûª to 2. Time is up (Time Å®·-§Úa) not ûÓ: ®·çC). Half an hour is up Å´¤-ûª’Ø√oç. DEéÀ °æJ-≥ƒ\-®Ω- ¢√úøôç, tell ûª®√yûª to ®√éπ-§Ú-´ôç ÅØËC English usage ™ ¶µ«í∫ç. No. Thank you. I don't want any (Å®Ω-í∫ç-ô-®·çC). ¢Ë’-N’öÀ? Åçõ‰ ¢√úø’éπ v°æ鬮Ωç ´Ææ’hçC. more. Time is over ÅØËC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. 2. exams ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ time Å®·ûÁ©’-í∫’™ äéπJ O’ü¿ 3. He is in college now = Åûª†’ b) not ™‰èπ◊çú≈: §Ú-ûª’-†oC -Å-E ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ ´’†ç éÓ°æçí¬ ÖçC, Åçö«ç. Ééπ\úø Thank you. A little more would do. college ™ ÖØ√oúø’ = He is at îÁ§ƒpL? 'O’ü¿— ÅE áçü¿’-éπ-Ø√L Åçõ‰ àç (Éçé¬Ææh 鬢√L) college now. É™«çöÀîÓôx, in, 3. He is in college now, He is îÁ-°æp™‰ç éπü∆? Å™«Íí English ™ at ûËú≈ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úø’ûª’çö«®Ω’. ´·êuçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç: at college now. ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? à ´÷ô ´·çü¿÷/- ûª-®√yû√ à àüÁ jØ√ correct. éÌEoîÓôx, in èπ◊ No = not any – Èé.Ç®˝. v°œßª’-ü¿-JzE, é¬éÀ-Ø√úø preposition ´Ææ’hç-ü¿-ØËC îªC-¢Ë´ ·çü¿ ’, 'the' ¢√ú≈-Lq- ®√-´îª’a. eg: Waste no more time = Éçéπ time ´%-ü∑∆ îËßÁ·ü¿’l Do they have any books?/ Have they any books?

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 10 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Govardhan: Where are you going?

(áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o¢˛?) Sudarsan: No where in particular

(áéπ\-úÕéà ™‰ü¿’/ °∂晫-†-îÓ-öÀ-éπØËç ™‰ü¿’, àüÓ Å™« ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o) Govardhan: (Are you) meeting friends today?

any

b) Kamala: Have you any story books?

(Ñ®ÓV v°∂çú˛qØÁ´-J-ØÁjØ√ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o¢√?) Sudarsan: None

Vimala: I'm sorry I haven't any/ I don't have any. (I haven't any

(á´-JF éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç ™‰ü¿’) Govardhan: Have you today?

(Ç í∫C™ áçûª-´’çC Ŷ«s-®·-©’-Ø√o®Ω’?) Prasanth: There aren't any = á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’ There are not any - ÉC î√™« Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬, Ææ®Ωy≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ NE-°œçîË response. (There are no students at all – ÉC correct Å®·-†-°æpéà spoken English ™ Åçûªí¬ ¢√úøç)

any

programme

(Ñ®ÓV àüÁjØ√ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç Öçü∆?) Sudarsan: None at all

ÅØËC áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’) ®Ω÷°æç™) spo™ î√™« v§ƒüµ∆†uç Ö-Ø√o®·. ´’† Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ üµ¿yEç-î√-©çõ‰ OöÀE ¶«í¬ Åüµ¿u-ߪ’†ç îËÆœ ¢√úø-í∫-©-í¬L. some, any, not any (n't any ken English conversation

Look at the following sentences: a) Ram: I want some paper. Have you any?

(ÅÆæ™‰ç ™‰ü¿’) Govardhan: You were asking me for Sekhar's address. What do you want from him?

(†’´¤y ¨Ïê®˝ ÅvúøÆˇ ÅúÕ-í¬´¤. ¢√úÕ†’ç* à´’Ø√o 鬢√™«?)

(Ø√èπ◊ é¬ÆæhÊ°°æ®˝ Öçü∆?)

鬢√L. Fü¿-í∫_-Í®-´’Ø√o

Laxman: I have some/ I do have some, but I can't lend you any. I need all of it now.

Sudarsan: Nothing. I just wanted to see him.

(Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ÖçC/ Öçúø-ö«-E-ÈéjûË ÖçC, é¬F (àç Åéπ\Í®xü¿’. ¢√úÕE îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√o†’)

(ØËØËç ņ-™‰ü¿’)

(Å¢Á’-Jé¬ á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ ¢Á∞«x¢√?)

c) Sankar: who told you to do that?

Suresh: a) Never. (short response - one word)

(EØÁo-´®Ω’ îËߪ’-´’-Ø√o-®ΩC?)

b) I haven't been there at any time / so far.

Brahmam: Nobody.

(á´®Ω÷ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’) É™« é¬ü¿’, ™‰ü¿’ ÅE ´·éπh-Ææ-Jí¬ responses ÉîËaô°æ¤púø’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, no, no combinations ¢√úøû√ç. d) Sudhakar: How many books will you give me?

short negative responses:

1) Govardhan: Where are you going? Sudarsan: No where (in particular)

e) Suman: How many has he given you?

(áéπ\-úÕéà ™‰ü¿’) 2) Govardhan: (Are you) friends?

Sunil: None/ He hasn't given me any.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

îª÷úøçúÕ. short response Å®·ûË None ÅØËÆœ ÇÊ°≤ƒhç. ÅüË sentence Å®·ûË, He

225

(í¬uÆˇ ÆœLç-úø®˝ à´’Ø√o É°œpç-îª-í∫-©-úË¢Á÷-†E)

Sudarsan: None.

(™‰ü¿’)

Govardhan: How much gas have you at home now?

(ÅÆæ-™‰ç- ™‰ü¿’) (-¢√-úø’ Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©-úøØË †´’téπç Ø√èπ◊çC.) Sudarsan: But today is Sunday. Is there anything he can do?

(é¬F É¢√y∞¡ ÇC-¢√®Ωç. -¢√-úø’ îËߪ’í∫-L-Íí-üË-´’Ø√o Öçü∆?) Govardhan: Nothing, I'm afraid.

(à癉ü¿’) I'm afraid – Å™« îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o. Sudarsan: So I've to wait till tomorrow. We have to make do with the Kerosene stove at home.

(Åçõ‰ Í®°æöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷ú≈LqçüË. Åçûª´®Ωèπ◊ éÀ®ÓÆœØ˛Æd¢æ ˛ûÓ Ææ®Ω’léÓ-¢√-LqçüË.) [ [ [ éÀçü¿öÀ ™„Ææ-Ø˛™ îª÷¨»ç ´’†ç. No = not any ÅE. Spoken English ™ ûª®Ωîª÷, no •ü¿’©’ not any ¢√úøôç Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ù¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, Ææ£æ«ïç (natural) ÅE èπÿú≈. There is no sugar in the bowl ™«çöÀ sentences conversational English ™ î√™« ÅÆæ£æ«-ïçí¬ NE°œ-Ææ’hçC.There is no sugar in the bowl •ü¿’©’, There isn't (is not) any sugar in the bowl ÅØËC spoken English ™ áèπ◊\´ NE°œÆæ’hç-ô’çC, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ üµ¿yE-Ææ’hçC èπÿú≈. (´·êu N-≠æߪ’ç: No any áéπ\-ú≈ -¢√úøç. There is no any sugar in the bowl. ÉC English é¬ü¿’. Not... any î√™« ûª®Ωîª’í¬ ´Ææ’hçC; no any á°æ¤púø÷ ®√ü¿’) a) Subodh: How many boys are there in the room?

Spoken English

today?

FÍéç É´y-™‰†’. Å´Fo/ Åü¿çû√ Ø√èπ◊ 鬢√L. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆:

Govardhan: I am sure he can help you.

any

HAVE YOU ANY PROGRAMME TODAY?

Sudarsan: I wonder if he can help me get a gas cylinder.

(Éçöx í¬uÆˇ áçûª’çC?)

meeting

3) Govardhan: Have you any programme

(ÉCíÓ Ñ Æœx°ˇ™ ¢√úÕ ÅvúøÆˇ ÖçC. ¢√úÕE áçü¿’èπ◊ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤ ?)

Sudarsan: Nil.

™

Let's study the following exchanges from the conversation at the beginning of this lesson:

É´Fo èπÿú≈

(áEo °æ¤Ææh-é¬-L-≤ƒh´¤ Ø√èπ◊?) àO É´y†’) É°æ¤p-úÕC îª÷úøçúÕ.

Prabhakar: None. (None -

(Åûªúø’ FÈéEoî√aúø’?)

Govardhan: Here you are. This slip has his address. Why are you going to see him?

(I have never been there - spoken form

ÉC Å®Ω’ü¿’ )

not... any has'nt, given me any, no, no combinations not... any

ÅE

Åçô’Ø√oç. ÉD, éà ֆo ûËú≈.

Paper, uncountable papers plural paper a/ an, 1, 2, 3

ÅE ´·çü¿’ ™«çöÀ Ææçêu©÷-¢√úøç. ÉC ´’†ç M. SURESAN ®√ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ, printing èπ◊¢√úË paper N≠æ-ߪ’ç™) 鬕öÀd ´’† conversation ™ ´·êuçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hç-éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç. Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd no •ü¿’©’, not any (n't any) ¢√úøôç conversation Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ ÖçúËô’x îËÆæ’hçC. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ: b) There are no good watches in the shop = There aren't any good watches in the shop. There aren't any good watches There are no good watches...

Ééπ\úø

èπÿ,

f) Prem: Who did you consult about this?

Åçõ‰ ¢√úøç;

ņôç, éπØ√o Ææ®Ω∞¡ç,

Ææ£æ«ïç. c) His watch is no better than mine =

Ø√ ¢√--î˝ éπçõ‰- Åûª-úÕ ¢√--î˝ Â°ü¿l-¢Á’-®Ω’ÈíjçüËO’ é¬ü¿’ – DEo É™« ņôç better. His watch isn't any better than mine (spoken form)

Å®·ûË 'no' form ÅÆæ©’ ¢√úø-®ΩE é¬ü¿’. 'No' form èπÿú≈ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç, ´·êuçí¬ ™‰ü¿’, é¬ü¿’, ÅE ´·éπh-Ææ-Jí¬ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√©’ (short negative responses) ÉîËaô-°æ¤púø’, Look at the following sentences: a) Balu: How many students have come?

(áçûª-´’çC Nü∆u-®Ω’n-™Ô-î√a®Ω’?) Sekhar: None/ No one

(á´®Ω÷ ®√™‰ü¿’) b) Balu: What did you say?

(à´’-Ø√o´‹?) Subha: Nothing = (I said nothing)

Sudarsan: None (at all) =

ÅÆæ©’ ™‰ü¿’. 4) Govardhan: What do you want from him? Sudarsan: Nothing.

(Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ á´JE Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√´¤?) Syam: a) None (short negative response) b) I didn't consult anyone (sentence) (I consulted no one

Sudarsan: Nil.

ņ-ç)

(ÅÆæ™‰ç ™‰ü¿’)

g) Sri Ram: Where did you go last night?

b) I didn't go anywhere (sentence)

ņç)

no, no combination (none, never, no where, nil short nagative responses sentence not... any short negative response

É™«

™«çöÀN) èπ◊ ´·êuçí¬ ¢√úøû√ç. Åçö«ç. -™ á°æ¤púø÷ äéπ-´÷õ‰ Öçô’çC.

6) Sudarsan: Is there anything he can do? Govardhan: Nothing.

(E†o ®√vA áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«x¢˛?) Srihari: a) No where (short response- nagative) (I went no where

(àç Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’) 5) Govardhan: How much gas have you...?

Å®·ûË

(àç ™‰ü¿’) Å®·ûË Ñ Short nagative responses ÉîËaô°æ¤púø’, I'm sorry, I'm afraid, I wonder ™«çöÀN ¢√úø-´îª’a. a) Prakash: Can you lend me some money? Prabhat: I'm afraid, no / No, I'm afraid / I'm sorry, no / No, I'm sorry. b) Sumanth: Is your dad coming? Srikanth: I wonder. (=No)

h) Ramesh: Have you ever been to the US?

Exercise: Practise the following aloud in English. (use short negative responses) Gopal:

á´-JE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤ E†o? Govind: á´JF éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. Gopal: ´’È®-éπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«x´¤ E†o ®√vA? Govind: áéπ\-úÕéà ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’. Gopal: Å®·ûË Éçöx èπÿ®ÌaE àçîË-¨»´¤? Govind: àO’ îÁߪ’u-™‰ü¿’. öÀ.N. îª÷¨». Gopal: áEo áéπq®˝ÂÆj-V-©’ î˨»´¤?Govind: äéπ\öà îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. Gopal: -öÃ-O-™  áEo Æ‘-J-ߪ’-™ ¸q îª÷¨»´¤? Govind: àD îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’. -véÀÈé-ö¸ îª÷¨».

ANSWER Gopal: Who did you meet yesterday? Govind: None / Nobody Gopal: Then where did you go last night? Govind: No where Gopal: What did you do sitting at home then? Govind: Nothing. I just watched the TV Gopal: How many exercises did you do? Govind: None. Gopal: How many serials did you watch? Govind: None. I watched cricket.

Ñ

short negative responses

not... any

ûÓ ÖçúË

èπ◊ •ü¿’©’,

sentences practice

îËߪ’çúÕ.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 12 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Madhavi: Your place looks beautiful what with the white wash and paints.

(¢Á©x ¢Ëߪ’ôç, ®Ωçí∫’©’ ¢Ëߪ’-ôç-´©x O’ É©’x Åçü¿çí¬ éπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC.) Sridevi: I told you, my sister is getting married in a month, so we had the whole building done up. Dad got it white washed and painted.

Sridevi: We have to get the invitation cards printed. We have the list of invitees ready. We expect the cards to be ready by tomorrow, but we will start posting them a little later. Inviting now will be too early. People may forget.

(¨¡Ÿ¶µº-™‰-ê©’ ´÷vûªç Åa-é¬-¢√L. Ç£æ…yE-ûª’© ñ«Gû√ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖçC. Í®°æ-öÀéÀ cards ®√´îª’a. é¬E °æç°æôç ´÷vûªç éÌEo ®ÓV© ûª®√yûª îË≤ƒhç. É°æ¤púË °œLÊÆh ´’K ´·çü¿-®Ω-´¤-ûª’çC. ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-´îª’a)

(îÁ§ƒp†’ í∫ü∆, ã ØÁ©-™í¬ ´÷ Åéπ\ߪ’u °Rx. Åçü¿’-éπE É©xçû√ Æœü¿l¥ç î˨»ç. Ø√†o ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á©x, ®Ωçí∫’©’ ¢Ë®·ç-î√®Ω’.) Do up = Æœü¿l¥ç îËߪ’ôç Madhavi: Who were the workers? I must say they did a good job of it. I will suggest dad that he hire them too for our home.

Madhavi: OK. Then. I must be going. I have to get my clothes washed and ironed.

(ØË¢Á-∞«xL ´’J. Ø√ •ôd©’ ÖA-éÀç* ÉÆ‘Y îË®·ç--éÓ-¢√L.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Sridevi: Bye then.

226

2

☯

☯

☯

☯

3)

Åûª†’ Éçöx

fans

ÅFo ûª’úÕ-°œç-î√úø’ =

He had all the fans at home cleaned (had ... cleaned (past participle)) 4) The TV isn't all right. I'll have to get it repaired. (TV

ÆæJí¬ ™‰ü¿’. ü∆Eo

repair

îË®·ç-î√L.)

have to get it repaired (past participle)

Ééπ\úø ´’†ç í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC: °j† ûÁL-°œ† °æ†’-©Fo ´’†ç-ûªô ´’†ç îËߪ’ç. ¢√öÀE îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡x îËûª îË®·≤ƒhç. Åô’-´ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ have/ get + something + done (past participle) by someone Åçö«ç.

We had it done on contract

b) He some how got/ had the meeting postponed =

¢Á·û√h-EéÀ, Åûª†’ meeting †’ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ë®·ç-î√úø’. ÉO have/ got + something + past participle Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’: Now let's look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson: 1) We had the whole building done up = (had + the whole building + done (past participle) =

¢Ë’ç

building

¢Á·ûªhç Æœü¿l¥ç îË®·çî√ç = Åçû√ contract ûÓ îË®·çî√ç ¢Ë’ç.

2) We had it done on contract

had it done - had + it + done (past participle) 3) You can have anything readied in no time =

(°æE-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ω’? °æ†çû√ ¶«í¬ØË î˨»-®ΩE îÁ§ƒpL. ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ îÁ§ƒh, ´÷ ÉçöÀ °æEéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√∞¡xØË Â°ô’d-éÓ-´’E.) Do a good job of something =

äéπ °æEE ÆæJí¬/ ûª%°œh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ îËߪ’ôç. Hire = (£æ«ßª’) ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – ÅüÁlèπ◊ BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç. Ééπ\-úø®Ωnç – ã °æE-Èé-´-J-ØÁjØ√ èπ◊ü¿’-®Ω’a-éÓ-´ôç. Sridevi: We had it done on contract. Dad's friend is a small time civil contractor. He got everything done for us.

(Åçû√ contract °æE-¢√∞¡xûÓ îË®·çî√ç. Ø√†o v°∂çú˛ äéπ *†o ÆœN™¸ é¬çvö«-éπd®˝. Çߪ’† ´÷éπFo îË®·ç-î√úø’.) Madhavi: How are the other preparations going on?

(Éûª®Ω -à®√p-ôx-Fo ᙫ ≤ƒí∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·?) Sridevi: Briskly, of course. You know, all that matters is money. Once you have enough of it you can have anything readied in no time.

(®Ω’í¬_ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·. äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’éÓ. ÅEo-öÀéà ´·êuç úø•’s. ÅC-í∫-†éπ î√L-†çûª Öçõ‰ üËØÁj oØ√ éπ~ùç™ Æœü¿l¥ç îËßÁ·îª’a.) All that matters = ÅÆæ©’ N≠æߪ’ç/ ´·êu-¢Á’içC ÅEoçö«. In no time = éπ~ùç™ briskly = ®Ω’í¬_/ îªéπ-îªé¬ Madhavi: That's true. What about wedding shopping?

1) The doctor had the patient's ECG taken.

°æ†’©’ ´’†ç îË≤ƒhç. Éûª-®Ω’©ûÓ îË®·≤ƒhç. ´’†ç îËߪ’ôç Å®·ûË, We do something. Éûª®Ω’©ûÓ îË®·ç-îªôç ņö«-EéÀ, we make others do it, Åçö«ç. a) The teacher made him study = Teacher

Doctor

®ÓT ECG B®·ç-î√úø’. (had •ü¿’©’ got ¢√úø-´îª’a.) structure: had/ got + the patient's ECG + taken (past participle) 2) She had/ got her daughter's birth chart prepared =

M. SURESAN

ÅûªúÕ îËûª îªC-Nç-î√úø’.

b) Hari made the little boy walk the whole distance

= £æ«J Ç °œ™«xúÕûÓ Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ-°œç-î√úø’/ †úÕ-îËô’x î˨»úø’.

c) In government offices the staff make people wait =

(v°æ¶µº’ûªy 鬮√u-©-ߪ÷-™ xE Æœ•sçC v°æï-©†’ é¬îª’-èπ◊ØËô’x îË≤ƒh®Ω’.) Åçõ‰ îË®·ç-îªôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ... make (someone) do (something) Åçö«ç. Å®·ûË ÉC àüÓ •©-´ç-ûªç-í¬-í¬F, ã Péπ~-™«-í¬F ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. È®çúÓ N≠æߪ’ç. É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x make (îË®·çîªôç) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÕûË, make ûª®√yûª to ®√ü¿’.

Madhavi: So things are going on well.

Spoken English

dresses

ÅEoöÀF èπ◊öÀdç-

(getting + dresses + stitched - past participle) 5) She has falls sewn up for her saris =

<®Ω-©èπ◊

falls

èπ◊öÀdç--èπ◊ç-öçC.

has + falls + sewn (past participle) 6) We have to get invitation cards printed =

¨¡Ÿ¶µº-™‰-ê©’ ÅîËa-®·ç-î√L. ûª† °æ©’-èπ◊-•-úÕûÓ ´’çvA î√™« N©’-´¤†o ¶µº÷N’E ûª† Å©’x-úÕéÀ ÅN’tç-î√úø’. ÉD have/ got + something + past participle ¢√úøéπç. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ. a) ÆæÈ®j† manager Ææé¬-™«-EéÀ °æE °æ‹Jh îË®·-≤ƒhúø’ A good/ an efficient manager gets the work done on time.

Ééπ\úø

gets

•ü¿’©’

has

get (have) + invitation cards + printed (past participle) 7) I have to get my clothes washed and ironed

•ôd©’ ÖA-éÀç* ÉÆ‘Y îË®·ç--éÓ-¢√L. get (have) + my clothes + washed and ironed (past participle).

èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

(He made me to do the work

é¬ü¿’) Å®·ûË make ... do ÅEoîÓö«x èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. éÌEo éÌEo °æ†’©’ ´’†ç îËߪ’ç. ¢√öÀE úøGs*aí¬F, ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°öÀdí¬F îË®·ç--éÌçö«ç. ´·êuçí¬ ´’†ç §ÒçüË ÊÆ´©’. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ make (someone) do (something) ®√ü¿’. Åçü¿’èπ◊ •ü¿’©’– a) ... have something done by someone b) ... get something done by someone,

Åçö«ç.

1) Hari has his house white washed regularlyonce in two years. (£æ«J ûª† ÉçöÀéÀ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢Á©x-¢Ë-®·-≤ƒhúø’– È®çúË-∞¡x-éÓ-≤ƒJ) í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Hari has ... whitewashed. whitewashed Ééπ\úø past participle. 2) Tarun: How about lending me your bike for a day? bike

(F

Ø√éÃ-®Ó-V-éÀ-≤ƒh¢√?)

Varun: Take it, but have it filled.

(BÆæ’éÓ, é¬F

(ÅFo Æævéπ-´’çí¬ ïJ-T-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o-ߪ’-®·ûË)

Åéπ\ߪ’u ûª† -èπ◊ç-öçC.

Ø√îË °æE îË®·ç-î√úø’.

OR

(áèπ◊\-´-¶µ«í∫ç Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. ûª† dresses ÅFo èπ◊öÀdç-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊çC. éÌEo blouses èπÿú≈ Å®·-§Ú-ߪ÷®·. <®Ω-©èπ◊ falls èπÿú≈ èπ◊öÀdç-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-öçC. Sewn (≤ÚØ˛) - past participle of sew. sew - pronunciation - ≤Ú (no ™«í¬) = èπ◊ôdúøç.

3) The minister used his influence and got the prime price of land sold to his son-in-law.

have + anything + readied (past participle) 4) Sister is getting all her dresses stitched =

He made me do the work =

(°RxéÀ éÌØ√-Lq† ´Ææ’h-´¤© N≠æߪ’ç?) Sridevi: Most of it, over. Sister is getting all her dresses stitched, and some blouses too. She has fall sewn up for her saris.

Ç¢Á’ ûª† èπÿûª’J ñ«ûªéπ îªvéπç ¢Ë®·ç-*çC. Birth chart = ñ«ûªéπ îªvéπç – °æ¤ô’déπ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ví∫£æ«ç, †éπ~-vû√© ≤ƒnØ√-©†’ ûÁLÊ° í∫∞¡x °æöÀdéπ.

éπ~ùç™ àüÁjØ√ Æœü¿l¥ç îË®·ç-îª-´îª’a.

petrol

§Ú®·ç.)

PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING ALOUD IN ENGLISH Vennela: Fridge repair

àüÓ îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·ç-ü¿-Ø√o´¤. îË®·ç-î√¢√? Purnima: Ç– îË®·ç-î √†’. §Ú®·† ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç. ´’Sx É°æ¤púø’ ÆæJí¬ °æE-îË-ߪ’-ô癉ü¿’. Vennela: Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Æ œ† mechanic ÖØ√oúø’. Åûª-úÕûÓ îË®·ü∆lç Ñ≤ƒJ. Purnima: ´÷ Çߪ’† ÅØ√o®Ω’, exchange offer àüÓ Öçü¿E. éÌûªh fridge ûÓ ´÷Jpç--èπ◊ç-ü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Vennela: Å®·ûË, é¬F. Purnima: ´’Sx ÅüË brand fridge ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆. ÅC Ø√éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’. Vennela: Å®·ûË àç îËߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? Purnima: ÉC ´÷ mechanic ûÓ ÅN’tç* éÌûªhC ¢ËÍ® éÌçü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Vennela: ÅüË ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.

ANSWER Vennela: You were saying your fridge was out of order. Did you get/ have it repaired? Purnima: I had it repaired last saturday but it has gone out of order again. Vennela: I know a good mechanic. This time you get/ have it repaired by him. Purnima: My husband has told me of an exchange offer. I want to have this one exchanged for a new one. Vennela: Go ahead then. Purnima: But we get the same brand again. I don't like it. Vennela: So what are you going to do? Purnima: I want to have/ get it sold by our mechanic and buy a new one. Vennela: That's better.

have + it + filled (past participle)

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 14 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Bhaskar: Why are you smiling?

(Å®·ûË Ø√ ¶«üµ¿ ¢ËÍ®-®Ωéπç. ´÷ Ø√†o Ø√-ûÓ ÅEo®Ω鬩 °æ†’©’ îË®·-≤ƒhúø’. ÅüÌ-éπ\õ‰ Ææ´’Ææu.)

(áçü¿’èπ◊ †´¤y-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) Himakar: We had our uncle here yesterday. All the time he was here he had us in stitches of laughter. He has many jokes.

Himakar: Even there my dad's different. He will not have me doing any job. He does all jobs by himself. OK. I must be going. Bye.

(E†o ´÷´’ߪ’u ´î√aúø’. Ö†oçûªÊÆ°æ‹ éπúø’-°æ¤•s †NyÆæ÷hØË ÖØ√oúø’. Çߪ’† î√™« ñé˙q ¢Ë≤ƒhúø’) stitches of laughter = Ç°æ¤-éÓ-™‰E †´¤y.

(Åéπ\úø èπÿú≈ ´÷ Ø√†o ûËú≈ØË. Å-Eo °æ†’©÷ Çߪ’ØË îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’. ÆæÍ®. ØË ¢Á∞«xL. Bye)

Bhaskar: But why are you laughing now?













conversation Have Spoken English

™ have Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷úøçúÕ. èπ◊ -Ö†o î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬™x ÉüÌ-éπöÀ. ÉC ™ Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç. Ñ ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬-EéÀ î√-™« v§ƒ´·êu-´·çC. O’ conversation ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

(Å®·ûË É°æ¤p-úÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ †´¤y-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)

don't / doesn't / can't / won't have someone doing something =

á´-È®j oØ√ àü¿-®·Ø√ °æE

°j

Himakar: I remembered one of his jokes and that forced me to laugh.

(Çߪ’† ñé˙q™ äéπöÀ í∫’®Ω’h-éÌ-*açC. ÅC Ø√èπ◊ †´¤y ûÁ°œpç-*çC) Bhaskar: We wish to have around people making enjoy fun, don't we?

îËߪ’-E-´y-éπ-§Ú-´úøç. a) She doesn't have her husband talking badly about her parents =

-Ç-¢Á’ ûª† ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ í∫’Jç* ûª† ¶µº®Ωh†’ îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-E-´y-ü¿-Ææ©’. b) Sita: Dad, I want to do combined study

(Ææ®Ωü∆ éπL-TçîË ´’†’-≠æfl©’ ´’† °æéπ\-† -Öç--ú≈-©-E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çö«ç éπü∆?)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Himakar: We do, certainly.

with savithri at her home.

227

b) don't / doesn't / can't / won't / couldn't / wouldn't have someone do something Conversation practice

(äéπ-JE äéπ °æE-îË-ߪ’-E-´y-éπ-§Ú-´ôç). ™ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀd îËߪ’çúÕ. O’®Ω’ èπÿú≈

Now look at the following sentences from the conversation above: 1) ... he had us laughing with his jokes =

´’´’tLo Çߪ’†

(؈’ ≤ƒN-vAûÓ éπLÆœ îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ--´ö«-EéÀ, ûª† ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)

jokes

ûÓ †Nyç-îË-¨»úø’.

2) We wish to have around people making us enjoy fun =

(Å´¤†’, éπ*a-ûªçí¬) Bhaskar: He was here yesterday, wasn't he?

He will not have me doing any job

(E†o éπü∆ Çߪ’-E-éπ\-úø’çC?) Himakar: He was on his way to Ooty. He would have me accompany him, but dad didn't like to have me wasting my time when the exams are so close.

a) Hari's wife has him do/ doing all the work at home =

Éçûª-®√-vûª-°æ¤pú≈? -ØË-†’ -E-†’o Ñ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ äçôJí¬ ¢Á∞¡x-E-´y†’.

£æ«J ¶µ«®Ωu Åûª-úÕ-ûÓ -ÅEo °æ†’©÷ îË®·ç--èπ◊ç-ô’çC.

Bhaskar: My dad's the opposite. He would have me going around places, exams or no exams. Not that he would have me neglecting my studies, but he leaves it to me.

b) The teacher had the boys decorate the school for the school anniversary =

c) The husband had the wife wash / washing and iron / ironing all his clothes =

Ç ¶µº®Ωh ¶µ«®ΩuîË ÅûªúÕ •ôd©’ ÖA-éÀç* ÉÆ‘Y îË®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. °j sentences ÅEoç-öÀ-™ have someone do / doing something Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç – äéπJ îËûª äéπ °æE îË®·ç--éÓ-´ôç – •A-´÷™, ¶„C-JçîÓ, Çñ«c-°œçîÓ. ÉC èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ.

Himakar: You're lucky there. My mom doesn't have me leave my books either.

(Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ †’´y-ü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’-úÕN. ´÷ Å´’t -èπÿú≈ ††’o °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™Ô-ü¿-©-E-´yü¿’.)

d) She had me doing all kinds of jobs for her =

Bhaskar: But my trouble is of a different kind. My dad has me doing all kinds of jobs at home. That's the only problem.

Ø√îËûª Ç¢Á’ ÅEo °æ†’©÷ îË®·ç--èπ◊çC. DEéÀ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ ´’†ç á´®ΩoØ√o -àüÁjØ√ îËߪ’-E-´y-éπ-§ÚûË Å°æ¤púø’–

¢√úÕûË ü∆E Å®Ωnç

àN’öÀ? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù É´yçúÕ.

3) He would have me accompany him to Ooty =

Çߪ’-†ûÓ ††’o ÜöÃéÀ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«x-©E Çߪ’† éÓJéπ. M. SURESAN

sentence perfect participle sentence ' After we had rested we continued our journey' perfect participle

èπ◊ äéπ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù. °j

E í¬ á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?°j ®√ßÁ·îª’a éπü∆! Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? iii) éÀçC sentences Å-Fo O’®Ω’ îÁ°œp† 'six forms of verb' v°æ鬮Ωç correct í¬ØË ÖØ√o®·. OöÀ Å®√n©’, ÉN à tense ™ ÖØ√oßÁ÷ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. 1. They could be going there. 2. They would be going there. 3. They should have been going.

d) Kumar: Mom, can I have one more cup of coffee?

(ØËEçéÓ éπ°æ¤p 鬰∂‘ û√í∫Ø√?)

5. They can have done it.

e) The teacher won't have her pupils playing in the rain =

Spoken English

5) ... He would have me going around place

††’o Ü∞¡Ÿx A§ƒp-©çõ‰ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ É≠ædç. 6) Not that he would have me neglecting my studies = 7) My mom doesn't have me leave my books 8) My dad has me doing all work at home =

´÷ Ø√†o Ø√îËûª ÅEo °æ†’©÷ îË®·-≤ƒhúø’. 9) He will not have me doing any job =

Çߪ’† Ø√îËûª à °æF îË®·ç-îª-E-´yúø’. öÃ˝ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ ´®Ω{ç™ Çúø’-éÓ-E-´yü¿’. É™« a) have someone do something (äéπ-J-îËûª ã °æE-îË-®·ç-îªôç);

-ï-¢√-•’: i) would have + pp Å®Ωnç = í∫ûªç™ äéπ °æE ïJ-í∫’ç-úËüË a) Hari would have attended the meeting =

£æ«J meeting èπ◊

¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úË-¢√-úË- é¬E ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’. b) The police would have caught the thief (if they had seen him)=

§ÚM-Ææ’©’ üÌçí∫†’ °æô’d-éÓ-†’ç-úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. (¢√∞¡}ûªEo îª÷Ææ’çõ‰) – îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’, °æô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. ii) Having rested, we continued our journey- D†®Ωnç– Nv¨»çA BÆæ’éÓ-´-ôçûÓ (Åçü¿’-´©x) ¢Ë’ç v°æߪ÷ùç é̆-≤ƒ-Tçî√ç – ÅE. Nv¨»çA BÆæ’èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª v°æߪ÷ùç é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-î√ç ņ-ö«-EéÀ, After having rested, we ... journey Åçõ‰ØË After we had rested, we continued our journey ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Having + pp éÀ, Åçü¿’-îËûª, Åçü¿’-´©x ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. ÅC ؈’ îª÷Æœ-†ç-ü¿’-´©x (îª÷-úø-ôçûÓ) †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o†’.

– áÆˇ. ñ«Ææ-Ø˛, äçíÓ©’

îË®·ç-îª-ôç É≠ædç

´÷ Å´’t ††’o °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ´ü¿-©-E-´yü¿’. (ÉçÍéç ™‰ü¿’. E†’o Ç®Óí∫uç §ƒúø’ îËÆæ’-éÓ-E-´y†’.)

b) Having started it, he didn't like to stop it =

6. They may have done it.

time waste

††’o îªü¿’´¤ ÖÊ°-éÀ~ç-îË™« îËߪ÷-©E é¬ü¿’.

Kusuma: Not any more, son. I won't have you spoiling your health.

a) Having seen it I believe it =

4. They would have been going.

4) ... dad didn't like to have me wasting my time =

Ø√†oèπ◊ Ø√ îËûª ™‰ü¿’.

ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ ûª´’ °œ©xLo Æ洒ߪ’ç ´%ü∑∆ îËߪ’E-´y®Ω’.

é¬E ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’ ÅE.

ii) 'Having rested, we continued our Journey'.

°j

Ææ®Ωü∆ éπL-Tç* †Nyç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’† °æéπ\-† Öçú≈©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çö«ç.

c) Parents can't have their children wasting time =

Ææ÷\™¸ ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq-¢√-EéÀ °œ©x©îË Ææ÷\™¸†’ Å©ç-éπJç-îËô’x î˨»úø’.

(´÷ Ø√†o DEéÀ ´uA-Í®éπç. ؈÷∞¡Ÿx A®Ω-í∫úøç Çߪ’-†-éÀ-≠æd¢Ë’, °æK-éπ~-©’Ø√o, ™‰èπ◊Ø√o. Å®·ûË Øˆ’ îªü¿’´¤ ÖÊ°-éÀ~ÊÆh Çߪ’† Ü®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ö«-úøE é¬ü¿’, é¬F Ø√Íé ´C-™‰-≤ƒh®Ω’)

would have + P.P.

Rao: At this hour of the night? No. I can't have you going out alone.

ÉD ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¶-ûª’-†o Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. É™« ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ Å®Ωnç äéπ-J-îË äéπ -°æE îË®·ç-éÓ-´ôç – †îªa-ñ„§Úp, Çïc-í¬ØÓ.

(Çߪ’† Üöà ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. ؈÷ ûª†ûÓ ¢Á∞«x-©E Çߪ’† éÓJéπ. é¬F ´÷ Ø√†o Ø√ °æK-éπ~©’ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æúø’-ûª’ç-úøôçûÓ, ؈’ time waste îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ Çߪ’† ä°æ¤p-éÓ-™‰ü¿’)

-v°æ-¨¡o: i) Sentence ™

Have/ has (someone) do (ing) something have have

v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-*ç-ûª-®√yûª (Åçü¿’-´©x), Åûª-†C Ç°æ-ö«-E-éÀ-≠d-°æ æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.

iii) 1) They could be going there =

¢√∞¡x-éπ\-úÕéÀ -É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡⁄hç-úø´îª’a. v°æÆæ’hûªç ≤ƒüµ¿u-´’ßË’u N≠æߪ’ç (possibility in the present) †’ ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC. Present tense. Even as we are planning to do it, they could be doing it =

´’†ç ÅC-°æ¤púø’ îËü∆lç ÅE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†o-°æ¤púË ¢√∞¡xC îËÊÆ-Ææ÷hç-úø-´îª’a. 2) They would be going there = ¢√∞¡x-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o®Ω’ (would be going = wish to be going) - Present tense - é¬E ÉC ÅEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x ÆæJ-é¬-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. 3) They should have been going = ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢Á∞¡⁄hç-ú≈Lqç-C-°æ¤púø’, é¬E ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o®Ω’. Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd tense. 4) They would have been going = í∫ûªç™ ¢Á∞¡⁄hç-úË-¢√-∞Ïx- é¬E ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’ – Past tense. 5) They can have done it - ¢√∞¡Ÿx îËߪ’-í∫-L-T-†-¢√∞Ïx – îËÆæ’ç-úÌ-a/™‰ü¿’– DE use é¬Ææh ÅÆæp≠ædç. Tense - Present tense. 6) They may have done it - îËÆæ’ç-úÌa. îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa èπÿú≈ – ÆæçüË£æ«ç. Tense - Present tense.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-≤Ú-´’-¢√®Ωç 16 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ranjan: Dhanraj, why did you get your shirts stitched? You could have bought ready - to - wear ones.

Ranjan: That's an idea. In case he isn't able to help us let's get some other classmate to get interested in it.

shirts èπ◊öÀdç-î √´¤?ready é̆’-éÓ\-†’ç-úÌ-aí¬) éÌûªh´÷ô ready made èπ◊

(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC idea. äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ Åûª†’ îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§ÚûË ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o classmate †’ ÇÆæéÀh §ÒçüËô’x îË-ü∆lç)

Dhanraj: Ready - to - wear ones don't suit our specifications. You've to buy them and get them altered again. I don't have the patience. Even if we get the shop man to alter it, it doesn't suit us exactly.

Dhanraj: Let's get some high school students to collect samples.

(áçü¿’èπ◊ F

made shirts ready - to - wear

(Ready made

•ôd©’ Ø√ éÌ©-ûª-©èπ◊ ÆæJ-§Ú´¤. ÅC éÌçõ‰ ´’Sx ´’†ç ü∆Eo shop ¢√úÕ-ûÓ ´÷Jpç--éÓ-¢√Lq Öçô’çC. Åçûª ã°œéπ Ø√èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’. Shop ¢√úÕ-îËûª ´÷Jpç-*Ø√ Åü¿çûª °æ‹Jhí¬ suit Å´ü¿’) specifications = 鬴-©-Æ œ† N´-®√© v°æ鬮Ωç

(samples high school Ranjan: My uncle is a teacher in a high school nearby. I will get him to give us a list of ten students.

ÊÆéπ-Jç-îª-ö«-EéÀ éÌçûª-´’çC Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ °ô’d-èπ◊çü∆ç)

(´÷ ´÷´’ߪ’u, ü¿í∫_ͮֆo high school ™ teacher. Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_-®Ω-†’ç* ã °æC´’çC ñ«Gû√ BÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç) Dhanraj: Time we got busy working on the project.

°æE á°æ¤púÓ v§ƒ®ΩçGµç-ç-ú≈LqçC)

228

Å™« îË®·ç--éÓ-´ôç ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ have ¢√úø-í∫-LT† îÓô™«x get ¢√úø-´îª’a. ´’†ç éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ have èπ◊ -Ö†o ÉçéÓ ¢√úøéπç èπÿú≈ îª÷¨»ç, -Ñ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-™«x...

M. SURESAN

(Ç... éÌ-Eo≤ƒ®Ω’x ´’† tailor èπÿú≈ ÆæJí¬ èπ◊ôd-èπ◊çú≈ §ƒúø’-îË-ßÁ’a.) Dhanraj: You can get your tailor to restitch them again.

(´’†

tailor

îËûª ´’Sx èπ◊öÀdç--éÓ-´îª’a)

Ranjan: That's OK. But my preference is always for ready made ones.

(Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç É≠ædç.)

ready made

Åçõ‰-ØË

Dhanraj: OK. By the way, we have an assignment to submit next week. I think we can get Neeraj to help us in the assignment. He is good at these things.

Ranjan: We shall start preparing the questionnaire this evening.

(Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç-vûª¢Ë’ ´’†ç v°æ¨»o-´R °æ‹JhîËü∆lç.) Questionnaire = Èéy¨¡a-ØË-Å = Ææ´÷-î √®Ω ÊÆéπ-®Ω-ùèπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÊÆ v°æ¨¡o© ñ«Gû√ Dhanraj: OK. Let's meet at 4 in the evening. Ranjan: Bye.











äéπ-J-îËûª ã °æE îË®·ç--éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ make, have ᙫ ¢√úø-û√¢Á÷ éÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Å™«Íí ÅüË ¶µ«´ç ®√´-ö«-EéÀ, get èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. 1) He had his bike repaired = Åûª†’ bike repair îË®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’ = He got his bike repaired. 2) She had her dresses ironed = She got her dresses ironed.

Ç¢Á’ ûª†

(-Å-C ÆæÍ® é¬F ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç ´îËa-¢√®Ωç assignment °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ÷L éπü∆. DE™ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ F®Ω-ñ ¸†’ °œ©’-ü∆l-´’†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ÅûªEéÀô’-´çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’.)

-v°æ-¨¡o:

•ôd©’ ÉÆ‘Y îË®·ç--èπ◊çC =

3) She had herself treated by Dr.Vaid = Dr.Vaid She got herself treated by Dr.Vaid.

îËûª Ç¢Á’ ¢Ájü¿uç îË®·ç--èπ◊çC =

To be

-á-™« -¢√-úø-û√®Ω’? As, like ™« (´™„, ´÷C-Jí¬) Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçü∆?To be Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?To be Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬Eo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ -N-´-Jçîªí∫-©®Ω’. That man appears to be a thief. That man appears like a thief.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

to be, like

©

It is said that he is honest. He is said to be honest. It is said that he was honest. He is said to have been honest. She is reputed to be a good teacher. That liar deserves to be thrashed. I should like to be a doctor. He dares to do what he thinks to be right. How is its saltiness to be restored.

To be

ÅØËC infinitive ´‚© ®Ω÷°æç. To be ¢√úøéπç ¢√éπuç Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀd Öçô’çC. 'í¬— ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. He appears to be a thief= ÅûªØÓ üÌçí∫í¬ éπE°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.He appears like a thief ÅØË sentence correct é¬ü¿’. appear ™ØË '™«— (´™„) Å-†o Å®Ωnç ÖçC 鬕öÀd, He appears like a thief éπØ√o, He appears to be a thief correct. Å®·ûË, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀd, It appears like that ÅE Åçô’çö«ç (Åü¿™« éπE°œ-≤ÚhçC ņo Å®ΩnçûÓ). To be Åçõ‰ Öçúøôç. Like Åçõ‰ ´™„/- ™«í¬. 鬕öÀd É™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u--™x To be éÀ like èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. äéπ-öÀ-鬴¤. To be Åçõ‰ Öçúøôç ÅEí¬F, 'í¬— ÅEí¬-F Å®Ωnç. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ 'to be' •ü¿’©’ 'as' ®√´îª’a– 'í¬— -Å-ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. O’®Ω’ü¿£æ«-Jç-*† sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ to be éÀ ÅüË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. (Ñ sentences ™ it is said ... èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Åçö«-®Ω’/ Åç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅE. eg: It is said that he is honest = Åûª†’ Eñ«--ߪ’-B°æ®Ω’-úøE Åçö«®Ω’. É™«çöÀîÓôx It is said, people say éÀ passive voice).

get

have

2. The teacher had her pupils know that they cannot go until they finish the work =

1) You have to get them altered again (= You have to have them altered again)

°æE°æ‹-®ΩhßË’u´®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ O™‰x-ü¿E °œ©x-©èπ◊ -Å®Ωnç Å-ßË’u-ô’x îËÆœçC teacher. É™«çöÀîÓôx èπÿú≈ have èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ get ¢√úø-´-a. Å®·ûË get ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ sentence structure éÌClí¬ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’çC.

She has even her elders doing all kinds of jobs. She gets even her elders to do all kinds of jobs for her.

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: ... has even her elders doing = gets even her elders to do all kinds of ... Sentence

™ èπÿú≈ had èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ got ¢√úø-´îª’a. é¬E É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x have ¢√úøéπç áèπ◊\´. She had her pupils know ... = She got her pupils to know.

É°æ¤p-úÕC îª÷úøçúÕ: My building is vacant. I want to get some bank to take it on long lease = bank

ë«Sí¬ ÖçC. D®Ω`-é¬--Léπ ÅüÁlèπ◊ àüÁjØ√ ØËô’x îËߪ÷-©E ÖçC. Ééπ\úø get èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ have ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Ø√ ¶µº´†ç BÆæ’-èπ◊-

I want to have some bank take it on long lease. So,

´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçC:

Have someone to do something = Get some one to do something =

†’ ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x.

Sentence structure: have/ get (something) + done (past participle + by ...

(Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçõ‰)

2) Even if we get the shopman to alter it, it doesn't suit us exactly = shop

ÅûªE îËûª ´÷®Ω’p îË®·ç--èπ◊Ø√o èπÿú≈, ´’†èπ◊ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú´¤.

3) Sometimes even our tailor can get our clothes spoilt = tailor

´’†

èπ◊ôd-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. (Ééπ\úø get •ü¿’©’

have

èπÿú≈ ÆæJí¬

¢√úø-´îª’a)

4) We can get Neeraj to help us in the assignment = Neeraj

Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ≤ƒßª’ç îË®·ç--èπ◊çü∆ç. (Ééπ\úø get •ü¿’©’ have ¢√úÕ îª÷úøçúÕ)

5) We can get some other classmate to get interested in it = classmate

ÉçÍé ÇÆæéÀh BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËô’x îËü∆lç.

†®·Ø√

6) Let us get some high school students to collect samples = samples collect

¢√∞¡x-îËûª

îË®·ü∆lç. 7) I will get him to give us a list of ten students =

Çߪ’† ´’†éÓ °æC-´’çC Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ñ«Gû√ ÉîËaô’x îËü∆lç. Ñ sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™, get •ü¿’©’ have ¢√úø-´îª’a. Å™« practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Pran:

*´-®Ωèπ◊ á´-J-îËûª Ç ´÷N’-úÕ-°æç-úø’x úµÕMxéÀ îË®·ç-î√´¤? Kiran: Ç wholesale éÌöxØË ã èπ◊v®√-úÕ-îËûª. ¢√úÕ -îË-ûªØË packing material- í∫ç°æ, í∫úÕf, °æ¤JéÌÆæ, íÓØÁ-´·éπ\ ûÁ°œpç--èπ◊-Ø√o†’. (í∫ç°æ = basket, í∫úÕf = straw, °æ¤J-éÌÆæ = country twine, íÓØÁ-´·éπ\ = gunny pack

It is said that he is honest = He is said to be honest (is = to be) It is said that he was honest = He is said to have been honest (was = to have been -

í∫ûªç

– E-ñ«-ߪ’-B éπ©-¢√-úø’í¬ ÖçúË-¢√-úøE Åçö«®Ω’.)

Pran:

á°æ¤púø’ book îË®·ç-î√´¤ O’ ņo-ߪ’uèπ◊? E†o. Çߪ’† É©’x Ñ parcel office èπ◊ î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç. á´-J-ØÁjØ√ °æç°œ ûÁ°œpç--éÓ-´’Ø√o. Pran: Å®·ûË F Ææ´’Ææu BJç-ü¿-†o-´÷ô. Kiran: -å-†’. Kiran:

´’ç*

í¬ Ê°®Ω’çC. (É°æ¤púø’)

That liar deserves to be thrashed = ... to be thrashed - passive (infinitive) =

-Ç -Å-•-ü∆l¥-©éÓ®Ω’ (éπv®ΩûÓ) éÌôd-•-ú≈-LqçüË. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ç Å-•-ü∆l¥-©éÓ®Ω’èπ◊ üÁ•s©’ °æú≈-LqçüË. (deserve Å®Ω|-ûªí∫-© – íı®Ω-¢√-E-Èéj-Ø√/ -P-éπ~-ÈéjØ√) I should like to be a doctor = ؈’ doctor í¬ Öç-úøö«-E-éÀ-≠d°æ æ-úø-û√-†’. What he thinks to be right = Åûª-†’- ÆæJ ņ’èπ◊ØËCí¬ àü¿’çüÓ (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ = Åûª-†’ ÆæÈ®j†-C -Å-†’-èπ◊ØËC) to be one of the best = v¨Ï≠æe-¢Á’i† ¢√öÀ™ äéπ-öÀ-í¬/- ä-éπ-úø’í¬ to be restored = °æ¤†-®Ω’-ü¿l¥-Jç-°æ-•-úøôç (passive)

ANSWER Pran: Finally who did you get to pack the mangoes to Delhi? Kiran: I got one of the boys in the wholesale shop to pack it; I got him to get too, the packing material, the basket, the straw, the country twine, and the piece of gunny. Pran: When did you get it booked? Kiran: Yesterday. His home is a long way off from the parcel office. I asked him to get someone to get it for him. Pran: So your problem is solved. Kiran: Yes.

– á-Æˇ.í∫-ù‰-≠ˇ, Nï-ߪ’-†-í∫®Ωç.

Spoken English

îË

piece)

ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.

She is reputed to be a good teacher = teacher

†’,

Now look at the following sentences from the dialogue at the beginning of the lesson.

EXERCISE

äéπJîËûª äéπ °æE-îË-®·ç-îªôç.

-ï-¢√-•’:

If you want to sell the car, it is easy to have some one buying it.

É™« -¢√-úø-´îª’a,

She got her dresses ironed Ranjan: Sometimes even our personal tailor can get the clothes spoilt.

a) If you want to sell the car, it is easy to get some one/ have someone to buy it.

1. She has even her elders doing all kinds of jobs for her =

°ü¿l-¢√∞¡x îËûª -èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’ -Å-Eo ®Ωé¬-© °æ†’©’ îË®·ç--èπ◊ç-ô’çC.

(Project

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

2

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 20 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Sharat: Srinath has got a sleek new bike. Have you seen it?

(XØ√ü∑˛ ´’ç* éÌûªh bike ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. †’´¤y îª÷¨»¢√?) (sleek= †’†oí¬ ¢Á’®Ω’-Ææ’h†o. ´·êuçí¬ cars èπÿ, bikes èπÿ, ´’†’-≠æfl© Vûª’hèπÿ– †’†oí¬ Eí∫E-í∫-™«úø’ûª’ ¢Á’®Ω’Ææ÷h Öçõ‰– ¢√úø-û√®Ω’) Prabhat: Hasn't he got one already? (Do) You mean he has got two bikes now?

(¢√úÕéÀ É°æpöÀÍé äéπ-ô’çC éπü∆? Åçõ‰ †’´y-†ôç ¢√úÕéÀ È®çúø’ bikes ÖØ√o-ߪ’Ø√?) Sharat: Use your brains, Prabhat. He had sold off the old one, and bought this one a few days ago.

(é¬Ææh Ç™-*ç. §ƒûª-ü∆Eo Ţ˒tÆœ, DEo éÌEo-®Ó-V© éÀçü¿ô éÌØ√oúø’) Prabhat: You have got a bike and he has got a bike. Unfortunately I haven't got one.

Sharat: Have a car, then. That is safer than a bike.

(Å®·ûË car é̆’éÓ\. ÅC Íé~´’-éπ®Ωç éπü∆.)

(Fèπ◊ bike é̆-í∫-L-T-†çûª úø•’sçC O’ Ø√†oèπ◊. ÅÆæ©’ Ø√éπçõ‰, XØ√ü∑˛ éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ Fèπÿ, O’ Ø√†oèπÿ áèπ◊\´ úø•’sçC.) Prabhat: It's not the question of who has got more money than who. It's a question of how one spends it.

bike

éπØ√o

Prabhat: That's exactly what he is going to do; it is not for my only use, though.

(ÅüË Çߪ’† ņ’-èπ◊-ØËC èπÿú≈. Å®·ûË °æ‹Jhí¬ Ø√ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬-EéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬ü¿-†’éÓ) Sharat: How soon is it going to be?

(áçûª ûªy®Ω™

car

FéÌ-Ææ’hçC? )

Prabhat: Quite soon.

(ûªy®Ω-™ØË) Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç, éπLT Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ 'have' Ö°æßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? Have èπ◊ ÖçúË Å®√n-©-Eoç-öÀûÓ 'have got' ¢√úø-´îª’a. ´·êuçí¬ British spoken English ™ have got ¢√úø’éπ î√™« áèπ◊\´. í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lqç-üË-N’-ôçõ‰, have èπÿ, have got èπÿ Å®Ωnç™, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™ ûËú≈ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç.

(Fèπÿ bike ÖçC. ¢√úÕéà bike ÖçC. ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h, bike ™‰EC Ø√Íé.) Sharat: Your dad has got enough money to buy you one. In fact, your dad and you have more money and more property than I or Srinath.

2

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

229

3. Your dad has got enough money to buy you one = In fact, you and your dad have got more money than I or Srinath (has got)have got/ has got have/ has

Ééπ\úø ¢√úø-´îª’a.

4. ... who has got more money than who? = who has more money than who? 5. He has got the opinion = He has the opinion.

Éçü∆éπ îÁ°œp-†ô’x, British English ™ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√®Ω’. have got/ has got/ had got, etc. OöÀE not ûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌçûª choice ´Ææ’hçC. a) ¢√úÕéÀ ûªT-†çûª úø•’s-™‰ü¿’ =

a) I have those books (with me)= I have got those books.

F ü¿í∫_®Ω Ç °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ™‰¢√? =

Have you got any money that you can lend me?

Haven't you those books? =

Sharat: So how does he want you to go about? Prabhat: He has got the opinion that the city bus is the safest means of transport.

(City bus ÅEoöx Öûªh-´’-¢Á’iç-ü¿E Çߪ’† ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç.) Sharat: We have got bikes. Are we any the less safe than you?

(´÷èπ◊ bikes ÖØ√o®·. Íé~´’ç N≠æߪ’ç™ ¢Ë’¢Ë’-´’†o FéπØ√o ûªèπ◊\´í¬ ÖØ√o´÷?) Prabhat: Well, that's the opinion he has got. He doesn't want to have moments of anxiety when I am out on the

°ü¿l-©†’ íı®Ω-NçîË Æævûªp-´-®Ωh-ØÁjØ√ Fèπ◊ ™‰ü∆?= Haven't you/ Haven't you got the manners to respect elders?

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆– ¢√úø-´îª’a.

have

¢√úÕ-†-îÓ-ô™«x

have got

(ÆæÍ® ÅC Çߪ’-†-èπ◊†o ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç. ؈’ bike O’ü¿ •ßª’-ô-A-J-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’ ÇçüÓ-∞¡† °æúø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈©ØËC Çߪ’† éÓJéπ.) Anxiety= ÇçüÓ-∞¡†

b)

Amar: I have got to attend to some work at home. Let me go. Kumar: What have you got to do now?

(FN-°æ¤púËç îËߪ÷L?) Amar: I have got to get the carpenter to repair our dining table and fix one of the window glasses. dining table repair glass

(´÷

îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ, éÀöÀéà GTçîª-ú≈-EéÀ ´vúøç-TE ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L)

鬮Ω’ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√L-†çûª úø•’s ÅûªE ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’ e) Hasn't he better clothes than those?

(؈÷ ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞«xL) Amar: My dad has got to invite my recently married sister and brother-in-law to the Deepavali festival. That's why he is getting the house done up.

Haven't you got those books? c) Hasn't he a brother? =

Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÓ•’-ô’d´¤ ™‰ú≈?= modern, present day English Don't have/ Doesn't have form Have you?/ has he? form brief simple

™ áèπ◊\´ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. é¬Ææh í¬,

Å®·ûË

í¬ Öçô’çC.

FéÀ-°æ¤púËç °æE-™‰ü∆?=

Hasn't he got better clothes than those?

Haven't you any work now?/

èπ◊ •ü¿’©’í¬ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

¢√ô-Eoç-öÀ™, have got/ has got •ü¿’©’ has ¢√úÌa.

have/

1. Hasn't he got one already? (Do) you mean he has got two bikes now? = Hasn't he (Doesn't he have) one already? (Do) you mean that he has two bikes now? =

2. You have got a bike and he has got a bike. Unfortunately I haven't got one = You have a bike and he has a bike. Unfortunately I haven't one.

(†’´yçô’Ø√o´¤ í∫ü∆, O’ ¶«´-í¬-Í®üÓ training programme èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x-©F, D§ƒ-´RéÀ ®√™‰-®ΩE?)

Hasn't he got a brother?

= ¢√öÀ-éπØ√o ´’ç* •ôd©’ ™‰¢√ Åûª-EéÀ? =

Now look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson:

Kumar: You were telling me your brother-inlaw had got to attend some training programme and wouldn't be able to make it to the Deepavali.

Doesn't he have a brother? =

a) Don't you have any work now? =

Have got/ has got/ had got, etc., have/ has/ had

(D§ƒ-´-RéÀ Ñ ´’üµ¿uØË Â°∞Îkx† ´÷ sister †’, ¶«´†÷ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√L ´÷ Ø√†o. Åçü¿’-éπØË É∞¡xçû√ Æœü¿l¥ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’)

M. SURESAN

Don't you have those books? =

Å®·ûË

d) He hasn't enough money to buy a car=

äéπ-ô’çC éπü∆ É°æp-öÀÍé Åûª-EéÀ Åçõ‰ F Å®Ωnç, Åûª†’ È®çúø’ bikes ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-úøØ√?

bike.

Spoken English

c) Don't you have the manners to respect elders? =

He has not got enough money to buy a car.

(´’J †’¢Áy™« A®Ω-í¬-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-ú≈-ߪ’†?)

ÅØËC áèπ◊\´í¬ ™ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.

Kumar: I have got to go home too.

He doesn't have enough money = He hasn't got enough money

Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√o®·=

Ø√èπ◊ Å°œp-´y-ö«-EéÀ F ü¿í∫_®Ω úø¶‰s-´’Ø√o Öçü∆?=

¶µºßª’ç-´©x. Bike ÅØËC road O’ü¿ Åçûª Íé ~´’-éπ®Ωç é¬ü¿E Çߪ’† †´’téπç.) He is convinced= Çߪ’† í∫öÀdí¬ †´·t-û√úø’.

¢√úø’éπ

Haven't you those books?

Sharat: I just want to know. Why doesn't your dad buy you a bike?

(Accidents

™

áèπ◊\´, éπØ√o.

He hasn't (has not) enough money =

b) Have you any money that you can lend me? =

Prabhat: Just for fear of accidents. He is convinced that a bike is not a safe thing on the road.

ûÓ ´·êuçí¬

(ÉçöÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æØÌ-éπöÀ îËߪ÷L ؈’. ††’o ¢Á∞¡xF.) 6. We have got bikes = We have bikes

(Ééπ\úø v°æ¨¡o á´-J-éπçõ‰ á´-JéÀ úø¶„s-èπ◊\´ Öçü¿E é¬ü¿’. ᙫ ê®Ω’a °úø-û√-®Ω-ØËüË v°æ¨¡o.) (ÅÆæ©’ O’ Ø√†o Fèπ◊ bike áçü¿’-èπ◊ éÌ-†-úÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’çC.)

Ö†o-îÓ-ô™«x

Not question Don't have/ doesn't have/ Didn't have ... Haven't you?/ Hasn't he/ she?/ Hadn't Don't ... have?/ Doesn't ... have?/ ...? American Didn't ... have ..? English

Haven't you got any work now? b) Doesn't he have a car? =

Åûª-úÕéÀ

car

Amar: But he is coming. The training programme has been cancelled.

(Çߪ’-ØÌ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Training programme cancel Å®·çC) ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’: Have to/ has to + 1st Regular doing word (Have to do, has to do, has to work, etc)

Åçõ‰ ã Çïcèπ◊ ™•úÓ, Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÓ, NCµ-í¬ØÓ ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ îÁ§ƒh-ߪ’E. a) I have to go now =

™‰ü∆? = ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL.

Hasn't he a car?/

b) He has to pay Rs.5000/- =

Hasn't he got a car now? Not

questions Don't ... have/ doesn't ... have, didn't ... have expressions spoken form English Hadn't he a car?

ûÓ èπÿúÕ†

™

ÅØË áèπ◊\´í¬ NE-°œ-≤ƒh®·, ´·êuçí¬ ™. Åûª-EéÀ í∫ûªç™ 鬮Ω’ ™‰ü∆? ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊, ™ ÅØË v°æ¨¡o éπØ√o, Didn't he have a car ÅØËüË áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-éπ™  ÖçC. Hadn't he a car? î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’. 鬕öÀd ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o N≠æߪ’ç: éπLT Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ– 1) Have = have got; has = has got; had = had got, etc.

Åûª†’ 5000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ îÁLxç-î√L. c) She had to join duty that day itself =

Ç®Óñ‰ Ç¢Á’ duty ™ îË®√Lq ´*açC. É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx èπÿú≈, Åçõ‰ have to + 1st Regular doing word/ has to + 1st Regular doing word/ had to + 1st Regular doing word Have got/ has got/ had got + 1 Regular doing word have got/ has got

¢√úË îÓôx™

èπÿú≈,

¢√úø-´îª’a. °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Å™«Íí ¢√ú≈ç îª÷úøçúÕ. Exercise: °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ have got/ has got èπ◊ •ü¿’©’, have/ has ¢√úÕ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 24 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ramnath: Have you got to go now? I was hopeful You'd stay for at least a day more?

(†’´¤y ¢Á∞«x-Lqç-üËØ√? ÉçéÓ ®Ó-ñ„jØ√ Öçö«´E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o) Premnath: I'm

sorry

I've

got

to

go.

Too many things to attend to, at home.

(≤ƒ-K. ØË¢Á-∞«xL ûª°æpü¿’. Éçöx îª÷Ææ’éÓ¢√-Lq† °æ†’©’ î√™«ØË ÖØ√o®·) ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. a) attend = £æ…ï-®Ω-´úøç – class, function, meeting ™«çöÀN. He attended class yesterday b) attend to:

ã °æE/ ¶«üµ¿uûª îª÷Ææ’éÓ-´ôç.

week.

(Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. Ñ ¢√®√ç-û√-EéÀ Åéπ\úÕ †’ç* ´îËa-ߪ’-´îª’a.) Premnath: Has she got to take anything like a test at the end of the fortnight long training?

(Ç¢Á’ Ñ °æéπ~ç/ 15 ®ÓV© Péπ~ù ûª®√yûª °æK-éπ~-™«ç-öÀ-üË-´’Ø√o ®√ߪ÷™«?) Ramnath: No, she doesn't have to.

(Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’)

He will have a lot of money soon.

of training programme last year .

(ûªy®Ω™ Åûª-úÕéÀ î√™« úø•’s ´Ææ’hç-C/- Å-ûª-úÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω î√™« úø•’s Öçô’çC.) Ééπ\úø will have èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ will have got ¢√-úÕ-ûË ûªy®Ω™- Åûª-úø’ î√™« úø•’s §ÒçC Öçö«úø’ ÅØË N°æ-Kû√®Ωl¥ç ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE future †’ v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îË-ô-°æ¤púø’, have èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ have got ®√ü¿’. (British usage™ èπÿú≈)

(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ àú≈C èπÿú≈ ûª†’ É™«çöÀ Péπ~-ùèπ◊ ¢ÁRxçü∆?) Ramnath: No, she didn't have to, as she hadn't had two years of service

house =

by then.

BJ-éπ-™‰-èπ◊çú≈

Premnath: When has she got to attend the same kind of programme next?

She is attending to the arrangements for the meeting =

230

Premnath: Has she to pay for her travel and other expenses?

submit

Ææ’-´’-Ø˛ -E-†o -áéπq®˝ÂÆj-ñ ¸ ´*açC)

îËߪ÷Lq

Suman had got to submit the exercise yesterday.(Had got to + 1st. RDW

had to work)

don't have to/ doesn't have to/ didn't have

ÉN äéπJ Çñ«c-†’≤ƒ®Ω¢Á÷, Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÓ, NCµ-í¬ØÓ ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq† N≠æߪ÷©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. É™«çöÀ îÓôx èπÿú≈ have to/ has to/ had to + 1st regular doing word èπ◊ •ü¿’-©’í¬, ÅüË Å®Ωnç™ have got to/ has got to/ had got to

(ÉçéÓ È®çúË-∞¡x-§ƒô’ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’)

day (

Doing Word (have to go, has to stay, -

years.

The students have got to take the exams. c) Suman had to submit the exercise yester-

é¬Ææh Å®Ω’ü¿’.) äéπ °æE îËߪ÷L ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç, Ç °æE îËߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ÅE éπü∆? Åçõ‰ English ™ áèπ◊\-´í¬ need not = need n't ´Ææ’hçC. ™‰ü¿çõ‰

b) have to/ has to/ had to + 1st Regular

(´’Sx É™«çöÀ -v§Ò-ví¬-¢˛’èπ◊ á°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL) Ramnath: She needn't for another two

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

(Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ °æK-éπ~©’ ®√ߪ÷-LqçüË)

îª÷úøçúÕ.

Premnath: Had she to attend the same kind

Dad is busy attending to the repairs of the

(ÉçöÀ -JÊ°®Ω’ °æ†’©ûÓ Ø√†o ÖØ√oúø’.)

2

I haven't got a cell

to + 1st. RDW

¢√úø-´îª’a.

Look at the following sentences at the beginning of the lesson. Ramnath: Have you got to start so early? (= Have you to start so early?) Premnath: No, I needn't (I need not)

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆! Ééπ\úø have to + 1st RDW (•ßª’™‰l®√¢√?) ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ ´uA-Í®-鬮ΩnçûÓ needn't (need not) ´≤ÚhçC. b) Premnath: Have you got any thing I can carry to your sister?

(O’öÀç-í˚èπ◊ 鬢√-Lq† à®√p-ôxFo Ç¢Á’ îª÷≤ÚhçC.) c) attend on = ®Óí∫’-©-èπ◊/- Å-A-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’ îËߪ’ôç.

(v°æߪ÷ù, Éûª®Ω ê®Ω’a©÷ Ǣ˒ °ô’déÓ-¢√™«?) Ramnath: No, she needn't. The company

When I was ill, my elder sister attend on

bears all the expenses. OK. How

me =

about having something to eat

(Ø√èπ◊ Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í¬-™‰-†-°æ¤púø’ ´÷Åéπ\ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’ îËÆœçC) If you go away now, who will attend on the guests.

before you leave?

(Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. ÆæçÊÆn ´uߪ÷Eo ¶µº-JÆæ’hçC.¢Á∞Ïx´·çü¿’ à´’Ø√o Açö«¢√?)

Ç

(†’¢Áy-Rx-§ÚûË ÅAü∑¿’©†’ á´®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’?) (ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ Ææ°æ®Ωu©’ á´®Ω’ îË≤ƒh®Ω’?)

Premnath: I've got to, because the

Ramnath: Aren't there anyone else to take

food on the train doesn't

a) I have (= have got) a cell =

(Ç °æ-†’-©’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Éçéπ á´®Ω÷ ™‰®√?) Premnath: If there were, I needn't be bothered at all.

(á´-®ΩØ√o Öçõ‰, Éçûª-¶«üµ¿ °æú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆!) Ramnath: Have you got to start so early?

(Éçûª °çü¿-™«úË •ßª’-™‰l-®√™«?) Premnath: No. I needn't (need not), but I have got to leave at least by the 12 noon train. Have you got anything I can carry to your sister.

(™‰ü¿’. é¬F éπFÆæç ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 12 í∫çô© -võ„®·-Ø˛ éπØ√o- ¢Á∞«xL. O’ ÆœÆd®æ ˝èπ◊ F´¤ à¢Á’iØ√ ÉÊÆh BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡û√.)

I haven't a cell/ I haven't got a cell/

Ramnath: No, you need not. I called her yesterday and spoke to her.

(Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. E†oØË -§∂Ú-Ø˛ î˨») Premnath: Has she got to stay there for long?

(Åéπ\úø Ç¢Á’ î√-™«-®Ó-V-©’ç-ú≈™«?) Ramnath: No, she hasn't got to. She can leave there at the end of this

I don't have a cell

(àüÓ -äéπ-öÀ AØ√L. È®j™x (= Ø√èπ◊ ÂÆ-™ ¸- ™‰ü¿’). M. SURESAN I have no cell, ņúøç, spoken form ǣ慮Ωç Ø√èπ◊- °æ-úøü¿’.) [ [ [ ™ î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’. í∫ûª lesson™ ´’†ç have/ has/ had, etc èπÿ b) He has a lot of property = have got/ has got/ had got etc èπÿ Ö†o He has got a lot of property Ææç•çüµ¿ç í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. ´’†ç (-Å-ûª-úÕéÀ î√™« ÇÆœh ÖçC.) ´·êuçí¬ È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. He hasn't any property/ He doesn't have any a) éπ-L-TÖçúøúøç (possess/ own) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ property = have, has, had etc èπÿ have got, has got, (Åûª-úÕÍéç ÇÆœh ™‰ü¿’.) had got, etc èπÿ ûËú≈-™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË British He has no property ÅE Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ Åçö«ç. spoken form™ have/ has/ had got form C) She had a good score áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ´’ç* -≤Ú\®˝ ´*açC. i) He has a car = He has got a car. ii) I have some money = I have got some money. iii) He had a big house = He had got a big house.

(Å®·ûË í∫ûªç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ´÷vûªç, He had got a lot of property ņúøç éπçõ‰ He had a lot of property ÅE áèπ◊\-´í¬ Åçö«®Ω’. (British usage™ èπÿú≈) ´·êu-¢Á’†i N≠æߪ’ç: Have got form- future ™ ®√ü¿’.

No, you need not

Have to/ has to/ had to +1st Regular Doing Word

èπ◊

Opposite need not

´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈,

don't have to/ don't need to, doesn't have to/ /doesn't need to, didn't have to/didn't need to + 1st Regular Doing Word

èπÿú≈ ´≤ƒh®·.

a) I have (got) to do it at once I need n't/ I don't have to/ I don't need to do it at once. b) Kusuma has (got) to send it today. Kusuma needn't/ doesn't have to/doesn't

(Ø√èπ◊ ÂÆ-™¸-§∂Ú-Ø˛ ÖçC.)

suit me.

care of them?

Spoken English

+1st regular doing word (have got to pay =

îÁLxç-î√L = has got to pay. Had got to pay = îÁLxç-î√Lq ´*açC. [past]) Å®·ûË had got to + 1st RDW (Regular Doing Word) Åçûª common é¬ü¿’. ÉO ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lesson™ îª÷Æœ-† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’. I. have/ has/ had, etc; éπ-L-T-Öç-úøúøç ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, ü∆EéÀ opposite îª÷ü∆lç.

Ramnath:

She had got a good score. She hadn't a good score = She didn't have a good score. II.

äéπJ Çñ«c-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç ™‰ü∆ Å´-Ææ®Ωç´-©x- ™‰ü∆ NCµí¬ØÓ ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-Lq-´ÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ have to/ has to/ had to + 1st Regular Doing Word ¢√úøû√ç. a) I have to go now - (ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL) = I have got go now.

need to send it today. c) Pramila had (got) to go yesterday. Pramila needn't go/didn't have to go/ didn't need to go yesterday. EXERCISE Lesson

v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™

Conversation

™E

have

(got) to/ has (got)to/ had (got) to expressions

èπ◊ ÅEo ®Ω鬩 îËߪ’çúÕ.

Opposites practice

-v°æ-¨¡o: -Ø√èπ◊ -•Ææ’q -v°æ-ߪ÷-ùç °æ-úø-ü¿’. -´÷èπ◊ -ØÁ-©èπ◊ -Å®Ω-¢Áj -ߪ‚-E-ô’x éπÈ®ç-ô’ é¬-©’-ûª’ç-C. °j È®ç-úø’ -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -™ -á-™« -îÁ-•’û√®Ω’? – Ê≠é˙ >™«E, é¬éÀ-Ø√úø -ï-¢√-•’: Regular Bus journey doesn't agree with me . We consume about sixty units of current (or) 60 units of current is our monthly consumption.

b) The students have to take the exam.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 26 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Chandana: Hi Vandana, you appear to have all leisure in the world. I expected to see you busy preparing for the contest tomorrow? Haven't you got to prepare for the debate tomorrow?

(àçöÀ, î√™« Nv¨»ç-Aí¬ Ö†oô’x éπE-°œÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤? Í®°æöÀ §ÚöÃéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤ûª÷ BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ Öçö«-´E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. Í®°æ¤ F´¤ úÕ¶‰-ö¸èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-¢√yL éπü∆? All the leisure/ all the time in the world =

î√™« BJéπ/ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçúøôç. They have all the time in the world to go for a second run =

È®çúÓ °æ®Ω’í∫’ BÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ 鬴-©-Æ œ-†çûª Æ洒ߪ’ç ÖçC. Debate = úÕ¶„-ß˝’ö¸ (¶„ß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) Vandana: I've had enough of it. I'm bored. I'm prepared well enough, I suppose. What about you?

(î√©’ ¶«•÷. NÆæ’-Íí-Ææ’hçC. ¶«í¬ØË ûªßª÷-®Ω-ߪ÷u-†E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. F Ææçí∫-ûË-N’öÀ?) I've had enough = Ééπ î√©’. ´’†èπ◊ î√©’, Ééπ Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÅE-°œç-*-†-°æ¤púø’, I've had enough Åçö«ç é¬Ææh NÆæ’-í∫’ûÓ.

´’†ç 'have (has)' í∫’Jç* ÉC-´-®Ω-éπöÀ lessons ™ î√™« N≠æ-ߪ÷™‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç í∫ü∆. Have (has) èπ◊ spoken English ™ î√™« v§ƒ´·-êu-´·çC. î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅEo ¢√úø-鬩÷ ûÁ©’-Ææ’èπ◊çõ‰, conversation ™ 30% î√™« easy Å®·-§Úûª’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’ôç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Have (has) í∫’Jç* ´’†-éÀ-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’: 1) I, we, you and they ûÓ 'have' ¢√úøû√ç. He, she and it ûÓ Å®·ûË has ¢√úøû√ç. 2) have/ has èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– éπLT Öçúøôç. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®·ûË äéπ-JéÀ àü¿-®·Ø√ (´Ææ’h´¤, í∫’ùç, ¢ÁjêJ ™«çöÀN) Öçúøôç. a) I have a car= Ø√èπ◊ car ÖçC. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ؈’ car éπLT ÖØ√o†’ ņç éπü∆) b) She has beautiful dark hair=

Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† †©xE èπ◊®Ω’-©’-Ø√o®·. É™« äéπ-JéÀ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ í∫’ùç/ ¶µ«´ç etc Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ British English ™ have/ has èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ have got/ has got ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. a) My cousins have a lot of property= My cousins have got a lot of property

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Chandana: Haven't they got to consult people who know? So what's the big idea in announcing the topic so early?

Vandana: Participants will mug up their speech at the contest.

(§ƒ™Ô_-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√∞¡x Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒLo •öÃd°æõ‰d≤ƒh®Ω’.) mug up= •öÃd °æõ‰d-ߪ’ôç. mug èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆, handle ÖçúË í¬xÆæ’©’. Mug Åçõ‰ ´‚úÓ Å®Ωnç, ØÓöx í∫’úøf©’ èπ◊éπ\úøç. Chandana: They have got plenty of time to get the help of others too.

(Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçô’çC) Vandana: Haven't we got to attend the special class this afternoon? (É¢√y∞¡ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç ´’†ç ÂÆp≠æ™ ¸ é¬xÆæ’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL éπü∆?) Chandana: I have got to, but you needn't. You have got an 'A' grade, so you don't have to.

(؈’ ¢Á∞«xL, †’´y-éπ\-Í®xü¿’. Fèπ◊ A grade ´*açC. Åçü¿’-éπE †’´¤y ®√†´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’) Vandana: Thank God. Thank you for the news.

£æ«´’t, •A-éÀ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.)

Chandana: You're welcome.

Spoken English

™

§ƒú≈L=

¢√úÕ-†îÓôx ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√öÀéÀ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´-îªaE Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌØ√oç. ã Çïcèπ◊ ™•úÕ/ Å´-Ææ-®√Eo •öÀd/ NCµí¬ ã °æE-îËߪ÷-Lq-Öçõ‰ °j forms ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆. DEéÀ opposite í¬, 'îËߪ’-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ needn't

(need not)/ don't need to/ haven't got to/ hasn't got to/ don't have to/ doesn't have to 1) I have to meet the minister X I needn't meet the minister/ I don't need to meet the minister/ I haven't got to meet the minister/ I don't have to meet the minister

= Mustn't you prepare/ shouldn't you prepare for the debate? 2) I haven't got to (prepare for the debate) = (Debate prepare I needn't/ I don't need to/ I don't have to

ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo äéπõ‰.

èπ◊)

鬆´Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ =

ÅE

èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a. 3) Haven't they got to consult people who know? = (Question have got Don't they have to 4) Haven't we got to attend the special class? = Don't we have to attend ... ?

ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√∞¡x†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√L éπü∆? ™ èπÿú≈ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-Ææ’hØ√oç, Ééπ\úø) = ņ-´îª’a.

I've had enough b) Sumithra has an excellent voice= Sumithra has got an excellent voice.

Ñ Å®Ωnç (éπLT Öçúø-ôç)ûÓ am having/ is having/ are having forms ¢√úøç, äéπ\ bath N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ûª°æp. 3) have/ has= (ǣ慮Ω °æü∆®Ωnç) BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç = A†ôç/ û√í∫ôç

5) I have got to = I have to (I need to

É´Fo èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-éπ™  Ö†o¢Ë. àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. British English ™ haven't got to/ has n't got to Hadn't got to didn't need to/ didn't have to

áèπ◊\´ N†-°æ-úø’ûª’çC. é¬Ææh Å®Ω’ü¿’. ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’

ņ-´îª’a.) ÉO negative questions ™

coffee

BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’ (û√í∫’-û√®Ω’)

b) Sanjana has tea in the afternoon =

Ææçï† ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç tea BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC.(û√í∫’-ûª’çC) Ñ Å®Ωnç (BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç = A†úøç/ û√í∫-úøç)ûÓ am having/ is having/ are having ¢√úøû√ç. I am having tea now because coffee isn't available = coffee

™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd tea û√í∫’-ûª’Ø√o. A†úøç/ û√í∫úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ have got/ has got ®√ü¿’.

[have + past participle/ has + past participle have/ has, have got/ has got have + past participle, has + past participle present perfect tense forms.

Ñ È®çúø÷

1)

M. SURESAN

Let us look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson. 1) Haven't you got to prepare for the debate tomorrow?

EXERCISE Practise the following aloud in English.

éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿-öÀ-†’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æE. í∫ûªç™ Å®·-§Ú-®·† °æE – Time îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, 3) just, just now ÅØË ´÷ô-©ûÓ ¢√úÕ, É°æ¤púË Å®·§Ú-®·† °æ†’-©èπ◊, ¢√úøû√ç– í∫’®Ω’hç-C-éπü∆.]

Tarun:

4) have to + Ist Regular Doing Word/ has to + Ist Regular Doing Word (have to go, have to work, has to do, has to come) must

Tarun:

2)

OöÀE èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ äéπ Çïc†’í¬F, Å´-Ææ-®√-Eoí¬F NCµí¬ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE-E-í¬F ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E éÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç. É™«çöÀ Å®ΩnçûÓ have to / has to + Ist Regular Doing Word have got to + Ist Regular Doing Word (RDW) / has got to + Ist RDW

¢√úø-´îª’a.

have got to/

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’. •ü¿’©’ need to èπÿú≈

¢√úø-û√®Ω’. (É°æp-öÀéÀ O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. Have to/ has to/ had to èπ◊ opposite í¬ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ haven't to/ hasn't to/ hadn't to ®√ü¿’. I haven't to go/ she hasn't to come ņç.)

OöÀéÃ, °j† îÁ°œp† èπÿ à Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç-™‰ü¿’.

ÅE èπÿú≈

don't have to/ haven't you to

äéÓ\-≤ƒJ have to ¢√úø-´îª’a. a) ؈-éπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«}™« É°æ¤púø’? =

Have I go to there now?/ Do I have to go there now?/ Do I need to go there now?/ Need I go there now?/ Must I/ should I go there now?

a) They have coffee in the morning=

•ü¿’©’, ¢√öÀûÓ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ (

Í®°æöÀ

(éπ©-´-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’).

¢√∞¡Ÿx §Òü¿’l† (ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√L ´’J. Åçûª ´·çü¿-Ææ’hí¬ topic v°æéπ-öÀç-îªôç™ ¢√∞¡x ÖüËl¨¡ç àN’öÀ?)

231

Ééπ\úø negative question ™ have got ¢√úøéπç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ñ question ™, †’´¤y Í®°æ¤ debate èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-¢√y-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü∆? ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√ú≈®Ω’. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ mustn't (´’ÆˇØ˛d) èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. shouldn't èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL.

(éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L)

(؈’ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-鬆éπ\Í®xü¿’. ¢√∞¡Ÿx √a稡ç Åçûª ´·çü¿’í¬ Éaç-ú≈LqçC é¬ü¿’.)

(Å´¤†’. Åçûª ´·çü¿’ v°æéπ-öÀç* Öçú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’. ´éπh %ûªy §Úöé’ (Debate contests) E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-ôç™ ¢√∞¡x-éπçûª ņ’-¶µº´ç Ö†oô’x ™‰ü¿’.)

a) I have to go now = I have got to go now. b) Sujani has to sing at the party tomorrow = party Sujani Sujani has got to sing at the party tomorrow. Have to/ has to, have got to/ has got to must/ should

¢√úøû√ç.

Chandana: I haven't got to, either. They shouldn't have given the topic so much in advance.

Vandana: Yea. They shouldn't have. They don't seem to have got much experience of conducting debate contests.

2

†’Ny-°æ¤p-úÕç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-†-éπ\®Ω-™‰ü∆? Varun: Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. FûÓ Øˆ’ certificates attestation

èπ◊ ®√¢√™«? Fèπÿ Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆? Varun: Å´¤†’. ´’®Ω-îË-§Úߪ÷. Ø√N èπÿú≈ attest îË®·ç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† Å´Ææ®Ωç ÖçC. Tarun: ´’†ç office ™ °æCçöÀéπ™«x Öçú≈L éπü∆? Varun: Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. °æü¿-éÌçúÕç-öÀéÀ ¢ÁRûË î√©’.

b)

Have they to come here?/ Do they have to come here?/ Do they need to come here?/ Need they come here?

¢√Rx-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√¢√-Lqç-üËØ√? =

É´Fo ´’† conversation ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ practice îËÊÆh, ´’†ç daily life situation ™ English üµ∆®√∞¡çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫©ç.

ANSWER Tarun: Haven't you got to/ Don't you have to/ Don't you need to/ Needn't you/ Mustn't you/ shouldn't you go home now? Varun: I needn't/ I don't need to/ I don't have to. Need I/ should I/ must I accompany you for attestation of certificates? Tarun: Don't you need to/ Don't you have to get your certificates attested too. (You need to have your certificates attested too) Varun: Oh. I forgot. I need to/ I have to get my certificates attested too (must/ should

èπÿú≈ ¢√úøçúÕ)

Tarun: Haven't we to be/ don't we have to be/ Needn't we be/ Don't we need to be/ mustn't we be/ shouldn't we be at office by 10? Varun: We needn't be / We don't need to be/ We don't have to be/ We haven't got to be. (simple Not necessary). It is enough if we are there by 11.

í¬

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 28 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Loknath: Hi Somnath, how are things going for you? How is your new job?

(£æ…ß˝’ ≤Ú-¢˛’-Ø√ü∑˛, °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’-™„™« ÖØ√o®·? F éÌûªh ÖüÓuí∫ç ᙫ ÖçC?) Somnath: Happy to say I'm getting on fine. The job is good too. How about you?

(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o-†E îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√o†’. ÖüÓuí∫ç èπÿú≈ ´’ç*üË. -F Ææçí∫-ûËç-öÀ?)

(Ø√ ë«S Ææn©ç™ ؈’ ü¿çúÁç éπô’dèπ◊çõ‰, Çߪ’† ûª† •ôd-™«-Í®-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’. Ø√éπC î√™« Åúøfçí¬ ÖçC.) Clothes line = •ôd-™«-Í®ÊÆ ü¿çúÁç Loknath: You could tell him not to do it.

(Å™« îÁßÁ·u-ü¿lE †’´y-ûª-úÕéÀ îÁ§Òp-aí¬) Somnath: He has helped me some time ago. So I am a little hesitant about being frank with him.

(Ø√éπ-ûª†’ éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿ô Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç î˨»úø’. Åçü¿’-éπE ´’†-Ææ’™ Ö†oC îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ûªô-°æ-ö«-®·-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.) hesitant = àü¿Ø√o îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ / îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ÜTÆæ-™«-úøôç / ûªô-°æ-ö«-®·ç-îªôç / °æ≤ƒh®·ç-îªôç. frank = ´’†-Ææ ’™ Ö†oC èπ◊ç-úø-•-ü¿l© ’ éÌöÀd†ô’x îÁ°æpôç.

Loknath: Thank you. I'm fine too. Getting on well. How are your relations with your colleagues and boss?

(F Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓu-í∫’-©ûÓ, F boss ûÓ Ææç•çüµ∆-™„™« ÖØ√o®·?/ F Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓu-í∫’©’ FûÓ á™« ÖØ√o®Ω’? F boss FûÓ á™« ÖØ√oúø’?)

Loknath: So are you going to let him trouble you?

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

2

(Å®·ûË Åûªúø’ Å™« Fèπ◊ Å≤˘éπ®Ωuç éπL-Tç-îËõ‰x îË≤ƒh¢√?)

232

(ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h ¢√∞¡x Ææç•ç-üµ∆©’ Åçûª-¶«-í¬™‰´¤/ äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ-JéÀ §ÒÆæ-í∫-úøç-™‰ü¿’. à¢Ó N-¶µ‰-ü∆-©’Ø√o®·. Nú≈-èπ◊©’ ûª°æp-†-ô’dçC. Headed for = äéπ C¨¡í¬ ¢Á∞¡xôç. The train is headed for New Delhi =

Ç

train

†÷uúµÕMx ¢Áj°∞¡ŸûÓçC.

d) If you want to be happy, you have to get on with what you get =

†’´¤y ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ ´*aç-ü∆çûÓ ûª%°œh-°æ-ú≈L. 2. Get along = ¢Á∞¡xôç.

No regrets, just getting on Somnath: Too many colleagues and too short a time for me to say anything about them.

(õ„j¢˛’ ûªèπ◊\-¢√†÷, Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓu-í∫’-™„-èπ◊\-´´ôç ´©x†÷, Ç N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç* ØËØËç îÁ°æp-™‰†’.) Colleague - éπMí˚ – 'éπ— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç. Å®Ωnç, Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓuT. éÌç-ü¿®Ω’ ņ’éÌ-ØË-ôô’x classmates é¬ü¿’. F

boss

FûÓ á™« Öçö«úø’)

Somnath: We get on excellently. He is not at

؈’ ¢Á∞«xL. Ø√èπ◊ °æ†’çC. b) He gets along finely =

(àüÓ ÉçéÓ- M. SURESAN N-üµ¿çí¬ Ç N≠æߪ’ç Åûª-EéÀ ûÁL-ÊÆ™« îËߪ÷-©E v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hØ√o.)

Loknath: How is your boss towards you? (

a) I must get along. I have work to do.

Somnath: I am trying to get the message across to him in some other way.

Loknath: Best of luck then. It is 10.15. I must be getting along. See you.

all bossy.

Loknath: How is your new home? How is your co tenent towards you?

(F éÌAh©’x ᙫ ÖçC? O’ûÓ-§ƒô’ ÅüÁl-èπ◊-†o-ûª†’ O’ûÓ á™« Öçö«úø’?) Somnath: We get on. We aren't that Chummy.

(àüÓ Å™« Öçö«ç. Åçûª ÊÆo£æ«¢Ë’ç ™‰ü¿’ ´÷èπ◊) Chummy - N’ – üÓÆ‘hí¬ Öçúøôç – v§ƒùÊÆo£æ«ç. Loknath: Why so? (áçü¿’-éπ™«?) Somnath: The trouble with him is he doesn't

a) I am unable to get at what he says =

¢√úø’ îÁ°œpçC ؈®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o†’. b) Kumar: I want to go immediately. Get the money fast. I can't wait. (Do you) get at me?

(

õ„j¢˛’ °æCç-¶«-´-®·çC. ØË¢Á-∞«xL. ´’Sx éπ©’ü∆lç.)

(¢Ë’ç î√™« Ææûªqç-•ç-üµ∆-©ûÓ Öçö«ç. Åûª-†-Ææ©’ bossy í¬ (°j ÅCµ-é¬J†ØË ü¿®ΩpçûÓ) Öçúøúø’.)

Åûª-EéÀ ¶«í¬ØË ≤ƒT-§Ú-ûÓçC/ í∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûÓçC. 3. Get at - Ñ ´÷ô î√™« common. äéπ N≠æߪ’ç é¬F, äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC é¬F Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç.

Somnath: OK. Bye. ☯

☯

☯

☯

☯

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç, have ûª®√yûª î√™« áèπ◊\¢Ë. -Dç-ûÓ expressions English ™ Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç. Get ûÓ ´îËa ´÷ô©’ ´’† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø’ûª’çö«ç. Åçü¿’-éπE ¢√öÀE áçûª ¶«í¬ practice îËÊÆh Åçûª-´’ç-*C. 1. Get on - Ñ expression î√™« Å®√n-©ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. ´·êuçí¬ èπ◊¨¡© v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†çí¬ áèπ◊\¢Ë ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. Get

a) Kamal: Hi Vimal, how are you? Vimal: OK. Just getting on. Thank you.

(؈’ ¢ÁçôØË ¢Á∞«xL. ûªy®Ωí¬ °ævö«. ØËØ√-í∫-™‰†’. Å®Ωn-´’-®·uçü∆?) 4. Get across = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x îÁ°æpôç. (O’ éÌûªh öÃ˝ ᙫ ÖçC?) Prakash: She is very good. She has a knack of getting her ideas across to the students.

(î√™« ´’ç* öÃ˝. Ææ÷dúÁçö¸q èπ◊ Å®Ωn´’-ßË’uô’x îÁÊ°p éÀô’-èπ◊çC Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_®Ω.) knack – Ø√é˙ – 'Ø√— nap ™ Ø√™«= éÀô’èπ◊/ °æü¿l¥A b) A news paper ad is the best way to get across your message-

1) a) Somnath: Happy to say I'm getting on fine =

(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o-†E îÁ°æp-ö«EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√o./ Ø√èπ◊ ¶«í¬ØË í∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûÓçC ÅE îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√o.) b) Somnath: We get on excellently= (¢Ë’ç î√™« ¶«í¬ Öçö«ç äéπ-JûÓ äéπ®Ωç/ ´÷ Ææç•ç-üµ∆©’ î√™« ¶«í¬ ÖØ√o®·.) c) Somnath: We get on= (àüÓ ïJT/ í∫úÕ-*§Ú-ûª’çC) 2) a) Loknath: I don't get at you.= (F´¤ îÁÊ°pC Ø√éπ-®Ωnç-é¬-´ôç ™‰ü¿’.) 3) Somnath: I am trying to get the message across to him.

(Ø√ ¶µ«¢√Eo Åûª-úÕéÀ ûªy®Ω™  Å®Ωn´’ßË’uô’x îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-AoÆæ’hØ√o.) Get across Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ÉçéÌéπJéÀ Å®Ωn´’ßË’uô’x îËߪ’ôç éπü∆. ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ put across èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. a) I put the idea across to him that he and I go shares

= Åûª†÷, ؈’ ¶µ«í∫≤ƒy´·-©’í¬ Öçú≈-©E ÅûªúÕéÀ ؈’ îÁ§ƒp†’.

b) The teacher is good at putting things across to her pupils =

Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ N≠æߪ’ç Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x îÁ°æpôç Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. 5. Get through: °æK-éπ~™  pass Å´ôç a) He got through the exam with very good marks =

´’ç* ´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úø-ߪ÷uúø’. = î√™« íÌ°æpí¬ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úø-ߪ÷-uúø-ûª†’. (´’ç* ´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ.) with flying colours = î√™« íÌ°æpí¬ ÉN get ûÓ ´îËa éÌEo expressions. b) He got through with flying colours

(àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC) b) He is getting on well. c) Prem: How are the newly married cou-

ANSWER

Vamsi:

Vamsi: How are you, Venkat?

Venkat:

Venkat: No regrets, just getting on.

Somnath: He dries his clothes in my yard. I

Syam: They unable to get on, unfortu-

fixed the clothes line and he

nately. Some differences. (It)

hangs his clothes on to it. That

appears they are headed for a

ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤, ¢Áçéπö¸? *çûª-™‰ç-™‰´¤. àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC. Vamsi: àüÓ °æKéπ~ ®√¨»´¤. §ƒÆˇ Åߪ÷u¢√? Venkat: î√™« íÌ°æpvÍíú˛ûÓ §ƒÆˇ ûÓ Åߪ÷u-†E îÁ°æpö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√o. Vamsi: †’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o ¢√Ææ’†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¶-ûª’-Ø√o¢√? Venkat: ™‰ü¿’. ÅûªúÕéà Ø√èπÿ °æúøü¿’. Åûª-úøçõ‰Ø√Íéç ü¿’®Ω-Gµ-v§ƒßª’ç ™‰ü¿E áçûª-Å®Ωnç ÅßË’uô’x îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Aoç-*Ø√ Åûª-úÕ-éπ®Ωnç鬴-õ‰xü¿’. Vamsi: ؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ§ƒh†’.

divorce.

Venkat: Wish you good luck.

Loknath: I don't get at you. What do you mean - he doesn't let you use your space?

(Ø√éπ-®Ωnç-é¬-´-ôç-™‰ü¿’. F Ææn™«Eo E†’o ¢√úø-E-´yúøØ√ Å®Ωnç?)

Spoken English

v°æï-©èπ◊ ûª† ¶µ«¢√©’ ûÁLߪ’ îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. Look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson:

Åûª†’ ¶«í¬ØË/ èπ◊™«-≤ƒ-í¬ØË ÖØ√oúø’.

(Ø√ Ææn™«Eo ††’o ¢√úø’-éÓ-E-´yúø’. ÅüË ¢√úÕûÓ *èπ◊\.)

obstructs me a lot.

c) He is unable to get across to his ideas to people =

a) Prasad: How is your new teacher?

EXERCISE

let me use my space.

F ÆæçüË-¨»Eo Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ ã °ævAé¬ v°æéπ-ô† ´’ç* ´÷®Ω_ç.

ple getting on?

(Ç éÌûªh ü¿ç°æ-ûª’©’ äéπ-JûÓ äéπ-È®™« ÖØ√o®Ω’?) Syam: Quite well, happily. (¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o®Ω’) (OR)

Vamsi: You took some exam. Did you get through? Venkat: I got through with flying colours. Vamsi: Are you going to meet Vasu? Venkat: No. We don't get on. However much I try to get across to him that I am not prejudiced he doesn't understand. Vamsi: I'll explain to him Venkat: Good luck to you.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 31 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Anand: Hi Achyut, since when did you start

ûª’©èπ◊ *éÀûªq îËߪ’-ôçûÓ Çߪ’† ´%Ah ´’ç* ´’©’°æ¤ AJ-TçC. Å°æpöÀ †’ç* í¬ßª÷© ¢Ájü¿u E°æ¤-ù’-úø’í¬ ´’ç* Ê°®Ì*açC.) Get a break = ´%Ah™  ņ’-èπÿ-©-¢Á’i† ´÷®Ω’p®√-´ôç. trauma (vö«´÷) – 1) Bv´-´÷-†-Æœéπ é~Ó¶µº

practising boxing?

(£æ…-ß˝’ -Å-u-û˝. ¶«éÀqçí˚ v§ƒéÃdÆˇ îËߪ’ôç á°æpöÀ †’ç* ¢Á·ü¿-™„-ö«d´¤?) Achyut: I know you mean the black eye I have. (It has) nothing to do with boxing, my friend.

(Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. í¬ßª’ç ´©x Ø√ éπ∞¡x ô÷d Ö†o †©x-´’îªa†’ í∫’Jç* Åçô’-Ø√o-´E. é¬F ¶«éÀqçí˚èπÿ, ü∆Eéà à Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’.) Black eye = í¬ßª’ç ´©x éπ∞¡x ô÷d à®ΩpúË †©x ´’îªa. Nothing to do with = Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’.

Divorced Couples and orphaned Children undergo a lot of trauma.

í¬ØË Å®Ωnç Å´¤-ûÓçC.

1) He got a fever last week = He had a fever.

(Nú≈èπ◊©’ BÆæ’èπ◊†o ïçô©÷, ÅØ√-ü∑¿-™„j† °œ©x©’ Bv´-´÷-†-Æœéπ é~Ó¶µº ņ’-¶µº-N-≤ƒh®Ω’.) trauma èπ◊ È®çúÓ Å®Ωnç, ú≈éπd®Ωx ¶µ«≠æ™  Bv´ -í¬-ߪ÷©’. ¢√öÀE ¢Ájü¿uç-îËÊÆ ü¿¨¡™ trauma specialist = í¬ßª÷© ¢Ájü¿uç™ E°æ¤-ù’úø’.

I have nothing to do with this property

(Ø√èπÿ, Ñ ÇÆœhéÀ ᙫçöÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’.) What has a Physics lecturer to do with

Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ:

Anand: I think he had a hand from his uncle

zoology?

in setting up his nursing home.

2) She got a clean bill of health from the

(Ç¢Á’ ú≈éπd®˝ ´ü¿l †’ç* Ææç°æ‹®Ωg Ç®Ó-í∫u-´ç-ûª’-®√-©ØË ´÷ô §ÒçCçC.) ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™– Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ææç°æ‹®Ωg Ç®Óí∫uç Ö†oô’x ú≈éπd®˝ ûË™«aúø’. doctor.

ees get/have a good run for their money by making them work for 10 to 12 hours

3) He got a health check up.

233

(úø•’sèπ◊ ûªT† Nüµ¿çí¬ v¨¡´’-°æ-úøôç.) expression O’®Ω÷ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

a) Software companies make their employ-

Ææç°æ‹®Ωg Ç®Óí∫uç Ö†oô’x

ú≈éπd®˝ îÁ°æpúøç.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

get/ have a good run for one's money.

Ñ A clean bill of health =

BÆæ’-èπ◊†o/ §ÒçC† úø•’sèπ◊ ûªT-†çûª v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿-ûª†’.) (v¨¡´’ ûªèπ◊\´ – -Åç-ü¿’éπûª†éÀ ´*a† úø¶„s-èπ◊\´) He didn't have a good run for his money.

She had a clean bill of health from the

A mother has everything to do with her

(Gúøf ÆæçÍé~´’ç Åçû√ ûªLxéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çüË.) ûÁ©’Ææ’ í∫ü∆: Ééπ\úø have/ has ¢√úÕ† îÓô™«x have got/ has got èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

(

doctor.

°∂œ>é˙q ™„éπa-®Ω-®˝èπÿ, V¢√-©@ éà Ææç•çüµ¿ç àN’öÀ? child's well being.

3) He didn't get a good run for his money.

a day .

(Ç®Óí∫uç °æK-éÀ~ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’– ú≈éπd®˝ü¿í∫_®Ω.)

(≤ƒ°∂ˇd-¢Ë®˝ éπç°-F-©’ ®ÓVèπ◊ °æC, °æØÁoçúø’ í∫çô© °æE îË®·ç--èπ◊E û√N’îËa @û√-©èπ◊ ûªí∫_-î√-éÀJ

He had a health check up.

Anand: Then how did you get the black

He got a break

eye?

(´’J éπ∞¡x ô÷d Ç †©’°æ¤ -àç--öÀ?) Achyut: Two days ago, during a power cut, searching for a candle in the dark, I hit the edge of the door. That's why I have the black eye.

4) They got what they had wanted =

(È®ç-úø’®ÓV© éÀçü¿ éπÈ®çö¸ §Ú®·-†-°æ¤púø’, éÌ¢ÌyAh éÓÆæç ¢Áûª’èπ◊-ûª’çõ‰ ûª©’°æ¤ ûªTLçC. ÅüË ÉC.)

(Ñ †Jqçí˚ £æ«Ùç ≤ƒn°œç-îª-úøç-™ Çߪ’† Åçèπ◊™¸ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç Öçü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«.) Achyut: Yes, he had.

Anand: It's still bad. You should have seen the doctor.

(Å´¤†’) [

(ÅC Éçé¬ Bv´ç-í¬ØË ÖçC. ú≈éπd®˝- ü¿í∫_®Ωèπ◊ -¢Á-∞¡x-™‰-ü∆?) Achyut: I did, of course, but I'm afraid he didn't do a good job of it.

(-¢Á-∞«x-†’. é¬F ÆæJí¬ ¢Ájü¿uç îËߪ’-™‰-ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«.) Anand: How much did he charge you?

(áçûª BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’?) Achyut: Rs 100/- per treatment and another fifty rupees for medicines in his own shop.

[

[ English ™ have/ has, get ¢√úøéπç î√™« Ææ®Ωy≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ù-´’F, OöÀéÀ NNüµ¿ Å®√n-©’-Ø√o-ߪ’E éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ í∫´’-Eçî√ç. Éçé¬ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çC, have get - Ñ È®çöÀF î√™« Ææçü¿®√s¥™x äéπ-ü∆E •ü¿’©’ ÉçéÓöÀ ¢√úø´-îªaE. Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ é¬Ææh v¨¡ü¿l¥ûÓ Ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™‰¢Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’èπ◊E ¢√öÀE ¢√úøôç practice îËÊÆh daily life situations ™ ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË English î√™« simple í¬, natural í¬ Öçô’çC. 1) ¢√úø’-éπ™ get π◊†o Å®√n©’: a) §Òçü¿ôç: He got a prize in the race yesterday.

(¢Ájü∆u-EéÀ ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©÷, Çߪ’† -≥ƒ-°ˇ-™ØË ´’çü¿’-©èπ◊ ´’®Óߪ÷¶µ„j.) Anand: I am sure he didn't get a good run for his money.

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Åûªúø’ BÆæ’-èπ◊†o úø•’sèπ◊ ûªT† v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.) Achyut: you are right. It is the third day and there hasn't been any improvement.

(†’´¤y -îÁ°œpç-C éπÈ®Íéd. ÉC ´‚úÓ ®ÓV. Å®·Ø√ -àç -ûªí∫_-™‰ü¿’.) Anand: Why don't you get another check

car each.

up?

(ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ îª÷°œç--éÓ-èπÿ-úøü∆?) Achyut: I went to this doctor because he has a very good name. He got his break when he treated the train accident victims. Since then he has been well known as a trauma specialist.

(Ñ ú≈éπd-®˝èπ◊ ´’ç* Ê°®Ω’ç-úøôç ´©x Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞«x†’. È®j©’ v°æ´÷ü¿ç ¶«Cµ-

Spoken English

(E†oöÀ °æçüÁç™ Åûª-úø’ •£æ›-´’A §Òçü∆úø’.) ´÷´·©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™ Åûª-úÕéÀ •£æ›-´’A ´*açC -Å-E -Åç-ö«ç. b) Å´ôç: He gets busy from 10 onwards. (10 †’ç* BJéπ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Å®·-§Ú-û√úø’.) c) 鬮Ω-ù-´’-´ôç = She got it done . (ÅC Ǣ˒ îË®·ç-*çC) 2) Have π◊ ¢√úø’-éπ™ Ö†o Å®√n©’: a) éπL-T-Öç-úøôç: She and her husband have a ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ç¢Á’èπ◊, Ç¢Á’ ¶µº®Ωhèπ◊ îÁ®Ó car ÖçC – éπL-T- Ö-Ø√o®Ω’ – ÉC get (§Òçü¿ôç) ûª®√yA °∂æLûªç. b) 鬮Ω-ù-´’-´ôç – She has her clothes ironed by him

(ÅûªúÕûÓ ÉÆ‘Y îË®·-Ææ’hçC/ îË®·ç--èπ◊ç-ô’çC) Ñ lesson v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ Ö†o conversation ™ get Ö†o îÓô™«x have ¢√úø-´îª’a.

(¢√∞¡x-é¬\-´-©-ÆœçC ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´*açC – ¢√∞¡Ÿx §Òçü∆®Ω’.)

îË®·ç--èπ◊ç--ô’-Ø√o®·.) b) They won in the end all right, but they got/ had a good run for their money.

They had what they had wanted.

¢√∞¡Ÿx ÈíL-î√®Ω’, ¶«í¬ØË ÖçC, é¬F î√™« v¨¡´’-°æúÕ ÈíL-î√®Ω’. (¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Èí©’-°æçûª Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ ®√™‰-ü¿E) ûªèπ◊\´ v¨¡´’, áèπ◊\´ °∂æLûªç é¬èπ◊çú≈, ¶«í¬ v¨¡N’ç* °∂æLûªç §Òçü¿ôç.

(¢√∞¡x-é¬\-´-LqçC ¢√∞¡x-èπ◊çC. Åçõ‰ ÅC ¢√∞¡Ÿx-§ÒçC† ûª®√yûª) 5) I do all the work, and they get all the name.

(v¨¡´’-Ø√C, Ê°®Ω’-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊)

Get/have a good run for one's

I do all the work and they have all the name.

M. SURESAN

6) She gets good money from house

money. 4) Why don't you have another checkup = ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ îË®·çéÓèπ◊-úøü¿÷? =

rents.

(ÉçöÀ ÅüÁl© ´©x Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ úø•’s-´-Ææ’hçC.) She has good money from house rents. Spoken English

Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËçü¿’èπ◊, have, got î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·. O™„j†çûª áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√öÀE Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd ¢√úøôç practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Look at the following sentences from the

°æKéπ~

Why don't you get another checkup. 5) He got a break =

ÅûªE ü¿¨¡ AJ-TçC = He had a break. a) The movie star had a lucky break with the movie, Durmargudu =

conversation at the beginning of the

ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_úø’ ÆœE-´÷ûÓ Ç û√®Ω ü¿¨¡ AJ-TçC =

lesson.

The movie star got a break...

ÅEo-îÓôx get •ü¿’©’ have ¢√úÕ-îª÷ü∆lç. 1) ... How did you get the black eye? (Fèπ◊ éπçöÀ ô÷d Ç †©xöÀ ´’îÁa™« ´*açC?)

b) The lawyer had a break with the reser-

... Why do you have/ How did you have the

tions case.

black eye?

6) I think he had a hand from his uncle =

2) That's why I have the black eye = That's

Çߪ’†

vations case = Reservations case

ûÓ Çߪ’† ü¿¨¡ AJ-TçC =

The lawyer got a break with the reserva-

uncle

Çߪ’-†èπ◊ îËߪ‚ûª Éî√aúø’ =

how I got the black eye.

I think he got a hand from his uncle.

(Ééπ\úø have •ü¿’©’ get ¢√ú≈-©çõ‰ é¬Ææh ´÷®Ω’p -Å-´-Ææ®Ωç.) Why E how í¬ ´÷®√aç. Present tense ™ Ö†o have •ü¿’©’, past tense ™ Ö†o got ´*açC éπü∆? Meaning ´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËçü¿’èπ◊ Ñ ´÷®Ω’p Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ Ææ’©-¶µºç-

a) Get/have a hand =

Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §Òçü¿ôç Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úøôç (ûÁ©’-í∫’™ hand Éî√aúø’- Å-ØË °æ-ü∆-Eo Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úø™‰ü¿’, ´÷ô ûª§ƒpúø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç, é¬E English ™ give a hand/ lend a hand Åçõ‰ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úø-ôç -Å-E í∫’-®Ω’hç--èπ◊çü∆ç) b) Give a hand =

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm