July06

II

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Sharath: Hi Vasanth, I look forward to the study tour we are going on, this weekend.

(Ñ¢√®Ωç *´®Ω ´’†ç ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’†o study á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤pú≈ ÅE áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hØ√o.)

tour

Vasanth: So do I, but am a bit worried about mother. She has taken ill suddenly. Dad is away on camp and will be back only this weekend.

(Ø√èπÿ Ææ®Ω-ü∆-í¬ØË ÖçC. é¬E ´÷ Å´’tèπ◊ Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ ï•’s îËÆœçC. ´÷ Ø√†o camp †’ç* ¢√®√ç-ûª¢Ë’ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’) Sharath: So you are worried who will look after her if we start before your father comes, aren't you?

(´’†ç O’ father ®√´-ú≈-EéÀ ´·çüË •ßª’©’-üË-JûË O’ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËçü¿’èπ◊ á´®Ω÷ Öçúø-®ΩE éπü∆ F ¶«üµ¿?) Vasanth: Exactly. But I've called my elder sister and told her of the situation. I told her to come here two days before our departure.

In this lesson too, we continue our study of phrasal verbs. We have in the last two lessons seen some of them commonly used in conversation. Let us now look at some more of them. Now look at the following expressions at the beginning of the lesson between Sharath and Vasanth. 1) I look forward to the study tour. 2) She has taken ill suddenly.

°œ©x©’ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ §ÚL Öçö«®Ω’.

5) I am happy you are making it after all.

He came up with the idea that we could get

b) In features she takes after her mother, but in traits she takes after her father. =

6) He can be a handful.

the accommodation by bribing the TC=

7 a) He takes after your sister, doesn't he?

TC

b) In traits he takes after his dad. 8) Vinod showed up suddenly yesterday. 9) He put up at his uncle's place.

(؈’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oØËx. Å®·ûË ´÷ Åéπ\ éÌúø’Íé Ææ´’Ææu. ¢√úø’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. éÌçîÁç Å©x-È®-èπ◊\´.) Sharath: I've seen him. He takes after your sister, doesn't he?

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 179

Sharath: So he did. My cousin and he are room mates.

(Å´¤†’ ´÷

cousin,

Åûª†’

mates.)

Spoken English

room

seats,

´ÆæA.

™ îË®Ω-í∫-L-í¬úø’/ îË®√úø’.

§Òúø’-í∫’™, ¢√∞¡x û√ûª†’ §ÚL ÖØ√oúø’/ §Òúø’-í∫’™ ¢√∞¡x û√ûË Åûªúø’. 8) Vinod showed up suddenly yesterday.

NØÓü˛ Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ E†o v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-ߪ÷uúø’/ éπE-°œç-î√úø’. a) After weeks of absence, she showed up yesterday=

¢√®√© ûª®√yûª, E†o éπE-°œç-*ç-ü∆¢Á’.

Look

forward

to=

ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ/ Çûª%-ûªûÓ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-úøôç. Look forward to ûª®√yûª noun é¬F, ...ing form é¬F ´Ææ’hçC.

èπ◊ îË®Ω’-éÓ-í∫-L-TçC/

b) Kumar shows up at the least expected moment =

c) I doubt if he can make it to the place on time=

´’†èπ◊ éπ†-°æ-úø-û√-úøE ņ’-éÓE Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ èπ◊´÷®˝ v°æûªu-éπ~-´’-´¤-û√úø’.

àüÁj-ûËØËç, îË®Ω’-èπ◊çC.

M. SURESAN

a) He is looking forward to the match=

Match

™ á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ §ƒ™Ô_ç-ü∆´÷ ÅE áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Participating- 'ing' form. (Look forward to ûª®√yûª 1st RDW ®√ü¿’. He is looking forward to meet you – ûª°æ¤p) 2) She has taken ill suddenly. To take ill= to fall ill=

ï•’s-°æ-úøôç (Ç¢Á’ ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ ï•’s °æúÕçC)

a) He took ill after eating the food on the train=

È®j™x ǣ慮Ωç A†oç-ü¿’-´©x Åûª-EéÀ ï•’s îËÆœçC. b) If you go out in the cold you may take ill=

îªL™ AJ-TûË ï•’s îËߪ’-´îª’a. 3) Who will look after her ...? To look after= to take care of= to care for=

(®Óí∫’-©èπ◊, °œ©x-©èπ◊, ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ îËߪ’ôç/ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç

team finals

¢√úø’ time èπ◊ Åéπ\úø îË®Ω’-éÓ-í∫-©-í∫úøç Ø√éπ-†’-´÷-†¢Ë’. d) Election ™ Èí©-´-í∫-L-í¬úø’= He made it to the seat. 6) He can be a handful =

Åûª†’ Ææ´’Ææu é¬í∫-©úø’. á´-È®jØ√, ´·êuçí¬ °œ©x©’ ûªLxü¿ç-vúø’-©èπ◊ Ææ´’Ææu Å®·ûË, he/ she is a handful Åçö«ç. Handful í¬ Ö†o °œ©x-©†’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’© Åü¿’§ƒ-ïc™x Öçîªôç éπ≠dçæ . To be a handful=

a) Purnima: Can't your sister lend a hand with the cooking?

O’

sister

Fèπ◊ ´çô™ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-™‰ü∆? ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’ôç.

(lend a hand =

He lent me a hand with tidying up the home=

etc)

Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’

a) When I fell ill, my sister looked after me=

(Å´¤†’. Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ؈’ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛èπ◊ ¢ÁRx-†-°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Åûª-†-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo®Ó-V©’ ¢√∞¡x ´÷´’ߪ’u Éçöx ÖØ√oúø’. ûªy®Ω™ rooms îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊E ´÷®Ω-û√-†-Ø√oúø’)

©™

a) He made it to the IAS= IAS

Ç Å´÷t®· ®Ω÷°æç™ ûªLxE, í∫’ù«™x ûªçvúÕE §ÚL ÖçC. c) In being tall, he takes after his grand father

Accommodation= 1) Train/ bus

b) The team made it to the finals, after all=

1) I look forward to the study tour.

b) He is looking forward to participating in the match.

Vasanth: Yea. I know. I met him when I went to Hyderabad. He put up at his uncle's for a few days. He said he would be taking rooms, and moving into them.)

üÌ®Ω-éπ-´-a-†ØË

He can be a handful

Vasanth: Only in features. In traits he takes after his dad. Quite mischievous.

(ņoô’x E†o Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ Vinod éπE-°œçî√úø’. ¢√úø’ civils èπ◊ prepare Å´¤-ûª’Ø√oúø’. Ç®Ω’-ØÁ-©-©’í¬ Hyderabad ™ØË ÖØ√oúø’)

seats

(†’´¤y ®√í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç) To make it to= Ñ expression î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ù¢Á’i-†C. Å®Ωnç à °æØÁjØ√ îËߪ’-í∫-©-í∫ôç.

Åûª†’ match á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤pú≈ ÅE áü¿’-®Ω’îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Match - noun.

Sharath: By the way, you know, Vinod showed up suddenly yesterday. He is preparing for the civils exam this year. He has been in Hyderabad for six months now.

îËA™ àüÁjØ√ °úÕûË Ç™- Åûª-E-î√aúø’.

5) I am happy you are making it after all.

(؈’ ¢√úÕo îª÷¨»ØËx. Åîªaç O’ Åéπ\ §ÚLÍé éπü∆?) (Ç鬮Ωç, ®Ω÷°æ¤ Í®ê-™xØË. ©éπ~-ù«-©Fo ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o¢Ë. Å©x-È®-èπ◊\´.) features = ´·ê éπ´-R-éπ©’, ®Ω÷°æ¤ ͮ꩒. traits = ©éπ~-ù«©’, í∫’ù«©’

É´yôç.

berths; 2)

´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Sharath: I am happy you are making it, after all. I was afraid you might not come.

Vasanth: I am coming, of course. But the trouble is my sister's son. He goes to school. He can be a handful.

a) Children usually take after their parents =

á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ Ç™-

îËÊÆh Çߪ’-†-éÌ-

(§ÚF™‰, àüË-¢Á’iØ√ †’¢Ìy-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤ ÆæçûÓ≠æç. †’´¤y ®√¢Ë-¢Á÷-†E ¶«üµ¿-°æú≈f)

To come up with=

4) I called dad and he came up with the idea.

Vasanth: I called dad and he came up with the idea. phone

4) I called dad and he came up with the idea.

3) ... who will look after her if we ...

(Å´¤†’. ´÷ Åéπ\èπ◊ Phone îËÆœ îÁ§ƒp†’. ´’†ç •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-ö«-EéÀ È®çúø’ ®ÓV©’ ´·çü¿’-®Ω-´’tE.) Sharath: That's a good idea. (¶«í¬ØË ÖçC) (´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ ؈’ *açD idea)

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 2 -V-™„j 2006

Ø√èπ◊ Ææ’Æ‘hí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ´÷ sister îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çC. (Ææ°æ®Ωu©’ îËÆœçC) b) There is none to look after the child=

Gúøf†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’. c) He is an important guest. Look after him well=

É©’x ÆæJl Å´’-®Ωa-ôç™ Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç î˨»úø’.) Chitra: She can't. Her two children are a handful for her.

but he hasn't showed up so far =

éÀçü¿öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç Ééπ\úø Öçö«-††o Sekhar, É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’Sx éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’/ Åçûª’-™‰úø’. d) He hasn't showed up for the class.

Åûª†’

class

èπ◊ ®√™‰ü¿’.

9) He put up at his uncle's place (for a few days).

¢√∞¡x

uncle

Éçöx û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’. To put up = (à éÌCl ®ÓV-©éÓ) •Ææ îËߪ’ôç, Hotel, lodge ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™ x. a) They put up at the nearest lodge, after getting off the train = Train lodge

Cí∫-í¬ØË, station èπ◊ ÅA ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Ö†o ™ •Ææ-îË-¨»®Ω’/ Cí¬®Ω’.

b) As she had nobody known to her in the city, she put up at a hotel.

îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. Ç¢Á’ Éü¿l®Ω’ °œ©x-©ûÓ ¢Ëí∫-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC b) The boy is a handful for the teacher =

Ç teacher èπ◊ Ç °œ™«xúø’ °ü¿l Ææ´’Ææu. ÇN-úøèπ◊ ¢√úÕûÓ ¢Ëí∫ôç éπ≠dçæ . [Handful = 1) éÌEo ´÷vûª¢Ë’/ éÌCl-´’çC ´÷vûª¢Ë’. 2) îËA-Eçú≈ – Ñ È®çúø’ Å®√n©’Ø√o®·.

†í∫-®Ωç™ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ω÷ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ Ç¢Á’ hotel™ CTçC. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: äéπ-JéÀ ´ÆæA îª÷°œç-îªôç = put some one up: a) I put my friend up in our spare bed room =

a) Only a handful of students were present =

éÌCl-´’çC

students

´÷ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´î√a®Ω’.

b) He has a handful of grapes =

¢√úÕ îËA-Eçú≈ vü∆éπ~ °æçúø’x-Ø√o®·.] 7 a) He takes after your sister, doesn't he?

O’ Åéπ\ߪ’u §ÚLéπ éπü∆, ¢√∞¡x-¶«s®·? b) In traits he takes after his dad

©éπ~-ù«™x ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o §ÚLéπ. Åûªúø’ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅAC∑, ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ îª÷Ææ’éÓ.

c) Sekhar promised to be here last sunday,

To take after = to resemble =

§ÚL Öçúøôç

friend

room

èπ◊ ´÷ Éçöx ë«Sí¬ Ö†o ™ ´ÆæA Éî√a†’.

bed-

b) He put me up in his uncle's place =

Ø√èπ◊ ¢√∞¡x uncle Éçöx ´ÆæA éπLpç-î√úø’. ÉN î√™« common phrasal verbs conversation™. ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. t tt

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Bhagat: Hi Jagat, why are you putting on a new shirt and a new pair of trousers?

(àçöÀ ïí∫û˝, éÌûªh shirt, éÌûªh ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤. àçöÀ N¨Ï≠æç?)

Jagat: Not certainly. I can't sit through the two and half hours of loud songs, dance, sex

pants

and violence that an Indian movie is.

(ÅC ´÷vûªç ™‰ü¿’. ¶µ«®Ω-Bߪ’ ÆœE´÷ ÅØË È®çúø’†o®Ω í∫çô© íÌúø´ §ƒô©’, Ø√ö«u©’, ¨¡%çí¬®Ωç, £œ«çÆæ îª÷Ææ÷h èπÿîÓ-´ôç Ø√´©x é¬ü¿’.)

Jagat: Today is my birthday.

(É¢√∞¡ Ø√ °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV). Bhagat: Many happy returns of the day. But why not a word of it to me earlier? I'd have had the pleasure of presenting you something.

(†’Oy °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ï®Ω’°æ¤éÓ-¢√-©E Ø√ éÓJéπ. é¬F †’Oy N≠æߪ’ç Ø√ûÓ äéπ\´÷ô èπÿú≈ ņ-™‰ü¿’. FÍé-üÁjØ√ 鬆’-éÀ*a ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úË-¢√úÕo éπü∆?) Jagat: That's precisely why I've put off telling you of it until now. I am against receiving birth day gifts. First of all, I am not for celebrating my birthday.

Bhagat: But so many watch them.

(é¬F î√™«-´’çC ¢√öÀE îª÷≤ƒh®Ω’.) Jagat: Sorry. Anything but that. I can't put up with the boredom.

(ÅC-ûª°æp ÉçÍé-ü¿Ø√o °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. Ç NÆæ’-í∫’†’ ؈’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’.) Bhagat: OK. Thanks for the treat at least.

(éπFÆæç

dinner

Å®·Ø√ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.

Thanks) Let's continue our study of phrasal from the conversation above: 1) ... Why are you putting on a new shirt and a new pair of trousers? 2) ... Why I have put off telling you of it. 3) ... I am against; I am for/ I am not for/ I am all for. 4) I've come across very few that don't cele-

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 180

c) You come across the likes of Gandhi rarely

b) She is particular about this sari =

verbs. Look at the following expressions

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Åçü¿’-´™‰x Fèπ◊ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ îÁ°æpôç ¢√®·ü∆¢Ë¨»†’. °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV 鬆’-éπ©’ Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªôç Ø√éπçûª É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ °æ¤öÀd† -®Ó-V-†’ °æç-úøí∫í¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-´ôç É≠æd癉ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊.)

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 4 -V-™„j 2006

brate their birthdays.

-Ç¢Á’ Ñ <Í® 鬢√-©ç-öçC/ Ñ <®Ω éÓÆæ¢Ë’ °æô’d-•-úø’ûÓçC. É°æ¤púø’ phrasal verbs N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌü∆lç:

1) Why are you putting on a new shirt and a new pair of trousers? To put on =

(•ôd©’) ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç/ ûÌúø’-éÓ\-´ôç. üµ¿Jç-îªôç Åçõ‰ wear. É°æp-öÀ-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ´ôç/ ûÌúø’-éÓ\-´ôç ´÷vûª¢Ë’ to put on. ´÷´‚©’í¬ üµ¿Jç-îªôç = to wear. a) If you are going to the marriage, put on the new clothes =

°RxéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-†o-ôx-®·ûË éÌûªh •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’éÓ. b) He is putting on a sweater because he is going out in the cold weather = sweater

îªL™ •ßª’¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.

öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√oúø’ 鬕öÀd üµ¿Jç-îªôç. He wears expensive êK-üÁj† •ôd©’ üµ¿J-≤ƒh-úø-ûª†’.

Wear = clothes =

I don't see eye to eye with .. Bhagat: That's rather odd. I've come across very few that don't celebrate their birthdays. (

ÉC é¬Ææh NçûË. °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV ¢√-∞¡x†’ éÌCl´’çCØË îª÷¨».)

ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-E-

Jagat: Well, I don't mind your taking me as one of those few.

5) I don't see eye to eye with. 6) ... and it can't be credited to anyone. 7) Are you going to give us a treat? 8) I can't sit through the loud songs, dances, sex and violence. 9) I can't put up with the boredom.

Ñ expressions meanings, use ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØË´·çü¿’ ´’†ç -ÉçéÌ-Eo °æü∆© Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. Bhagat: I don't see eye to eye with you on this. 1) Precisely = éπ*a-ûªçí¬ (•çí¬®Ω癫çöÀN ûª÷îËWhat's wrong in enjoying yourself on ô-°æ¤púø’, íÌ°æp íÌ°æp (Olympic véÃúø-™«xçöÀ) °æ®Ω’-í∫’the day you entered the world? °æç-ü∆™x time î√™« éπ*a-ûªçí¬, ÂÆéπ†x ûËú≈ èπÿú≈ (Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ØËFoûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’. ™‰ èπ◊çú≈ Öçúø-ôç-™«çöÀC precise.) ´’†ç v°æ°æç-îªç-™éÀ Åúø’í∫’°öÀd† ®ÓV 2) Odd = NçûÁj†. ´÷´‚©’éπçõ‰ Gµ†oçí¬ Ö†o. ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤-éÓ-´-úøç™ ûªÊ°pçöÀ?) He doesn't like curd. That's odd. (î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ Jagat: Is it any achievement of yours if a year É≠æ d ¢ Á ’ i † °®Ω ’ í∫ ’ Åûª-EéÀ É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ÅC Nçûª.) rolls on? Time passes and it can't be credited to anyone. I am all for a per3) Mind: ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆– ´’†ç son celebrating an achievement, but Ç™-*çîË, ´’† ûÁL-NéÀ E©-ߪ’-¢Á’i† •’v®Ω. not for the passage of time. Ééπ\úø Mind Åçõ‰ Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç Öçúøôç. (ã Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç í∫úø-´ôç ÅØËC ´’†ç ≤ƒCµçDo you mind waiting for a few minutes? = îË-üËç-é¬-ü¿’-éπü∆. 鬩ç í∫úÕ-*-§Ú-ûª’çC. ÅC é¬Ææh wait îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ O’Íé-´’Ø√o Ŷµºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷? á´J íÌ°æp-ûª-†´‚ é¬ü¿’. (Ø√ @N-ûªç™ äéπ I don't mind it at all = Ø√Íéç Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Ø√ íÌ°æp ņ’-éÓ-™‰†’ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç.) Never mind = ü∆E í∫’Jç* °æöÀdç-éÓ-´ü¿’l. àüÁjØ√ ´’†ç ≤ƒCµç-*çC Öçõ‰ ü∆Eo ÆæçûÓ(á´-È®jØ√ sorry Å™«ç-öÀN Åçõ‰ ´’†ç never ≠æçí¬ í∫úø-°æôç Ø√èπ◊ °æ‹Jhí¬ É≠æd¢Ë’, é¬E mind Åçö«ç.) 鬩ç í∫úÕ-*ç-ü∆-EéÀ ´’† °∂æ’†ûª àç ™‰ü¿’.) 4) Achievement = ≤ƒCµçîË N≠æߪ’ç – °∂æ’†ûª. Bhagat: Then why did you put on the new Achieve = ≤ƒCµ ç -îªôç. clothes? a) A score of a century in cricket is an (Å®·ûË éÌûªh •ôd-™„ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?) (§ÚF™‰. Å™«çöÀ éÌCl-´’ç-C™ ØËØÌ-éπ-úøoE †’´y-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ø√Íéç Ŷµºuç-ûª-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.)

Jagat: Mom was particular and sent me them. So I put them on- just to please her.

(Å´’t °æô’d-•-öÀdçC. Ç •ôd©’ °æç°œçC. Å´’t†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°-ôd-ú≈-EéÀ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√o.) Bhagat: OK. OK. At least are you going to give us a treat? Jagat:

(éπFÆæç Nçü¿Ø√o É≤ƒh¢√?) We'll have it, don't worry. (Å™«Íí).

Bhagat: What about a movie after that?

(Ç ûª®√yûª ÆœE´÷?)

Spoken English

achievement = Century

éÌôdúøç °∂æ’†ûª (≤ƒCµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç).

b) Getting a good rank is an achievement =

´’ç*

rank

≤ƒCµç-îªôç äéπ °∂æ’†ûª. 5) Time rolling = 鬩ç üÌ®Ωxôç 6) be particular about =

°æô’d-ü¿-©í¬ Öçúøôç (äéπ N≠æߪ’ç-™) a) I am particular about vegetarian food =

Ø√èπ◊ ¨»é¬-£æ…-®Ω¢Ë’ 鬢√L (°æô’d-•-ôdúøç)

í¬çDµ-™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†èπ◊ Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ éπE-°œ-≤ƒh®Ω’. 5) I don't see eye to eye with you. to see eye to eye with =

àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îªôç. ´·êuçí¬ Ñ expression †’ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-éπ-§Ú-´-ö«EÍé ¢√úø-û√®Ω’– not see eye to eye with ÅE. (äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ ä°æ¤p-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´-ö«-EÍé áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.) a) The father and the son don't see eye to eye with each other on the matter of the son's marriage =

éÌúø’èπ◊ °Rx N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ûªçvúÕ éÌúø’-èπ◊-©èπ◊ ¶µ‰ü∆-Gµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷-©’-Ø√o®·.

b) He doesn't see eye to eye with his wife on many matters =

î√™« N≠æ-ߪ÷™x ¶µ«®√u-¶µº-®Ωh-©èπ◊ ÅçU-鬮Ωç ™‰ü¿’. 6) ... and it can't be credited to anyone =

ü∆E-Èé-´®Ω÷ °∂æ’†ûª ´£œ«ç-îª-™‰®Ω’ (Ç íÌ°æp-ûª†ç á´-J-D-é¬ü¿’) a) Indian independence Mahatma Gandhi =

credited

to

b) The profits of the company are credited to the General Manager = company General Manager

Ç üË °∂æ’†ûª.

™«¶µ«-©èπ◊

2) Why I've put off telling you of it.

is

¶µ«®Ωûª ≤ƒyûªçvûªuç ûÁ*a† °∂æ’†ûª/ íÌ°æp-ûª†ç í¬çDµC.

7) ... are you going to give us a treat?

To put off = to postpone

treat =

a) I shall be happy if the exams are put off until the next week =

a) The movie is a real treat after a long period of bad movies =

àüÁjØ√

(¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëߪ’ôç) M. SURESAN

´îËa-¢√-®Ωçü∆é¬ °æK-éπ~©’ ¢√®·-ü∆-°æ-úÕûË Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç.

b) Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do today =

Ñ ®ÓV îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-ü∆Eo Í®°æöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËßÁ·ü¿’l. Put off ûª®√yûª till é¬F, until é¬F ¢√úøû√ç. 3) I am for/ I am all for/ I am against. To be for/ to be all for = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ’ç-°æôx Ææ’´·-êçí¬/ °æ‹Jhí¬ Ææ’´·-êçí¬ Öçúøôç/ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç. a) I am for/ I am all for starting early =

ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-ö«-EÍé ؈’ Ææ’´·-êçí¬ ÖØ√o†’. ÅüË Ø√éÀ≠dçæ . b) She is for attending the function =

Ç¢Á’

function

èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-ú≈-EÍé Ææ’´·-êçí¬ ÖçC.

c) He was not for his son joining politics =

Çߪ’† éÌúø’èπ◊ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x îË®Ωúøç Çߪ’-†-éÀ≠dçæ ™‰ü¿’. Against = ´uA-Í®éπç. 4) I've come across very few that don't celebrate their birthdays. To come across =

îª÷úøôç, ņ’-¶µº-Nç-îªôç,

û√®Ω-Ææ-°æ-úøôç. a) We come across camels only in deserts =

äçõ„-©†’ áú≈-®Ω’-™xØË îª÷≤ƒhç – áú≈-®Ω’-™xØË ÅN ´’†èπ◊ éπE-°œ-≤ƒh®·. b) The doctor says he hasn't come across such a case so far in his practice =

ûª† practice ™ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ É™«çöÀ îª÷úø-™‰-ü¿ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’ doctor.

case

ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç

treat.

î√™« °æE-éÀ-®√E *vû√© ûª®√yûª ´*a† Ñ ÆœE´÷ Eïçí¬ î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. b) To give a treat = Nçü¿’ É´yôç. He gave us a treat on his birthday =

°æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Åûª†’ NçC-î√aúø’. c) The treat he gave us on his wedding anniversary was grand =

°Rx ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq´ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Åûª-E-*a† Nçü¿’ íÌ°æpí¬ ÖçC.

8) I can't sit through the loud songs, dances, .. To sit through =

(ã°œí¬_) *´-J-ü∆é¬ èπÿ®Óa-´ôç.

a) He can't teach well. I can't sit through his class = class

Çߪ’† ÆæJí¬_ ¶Cµç-îª-™‰úø’. Çߪ’† *´-J-ü∆é¬ Øˆ’ èπÿ®Óa™‰†’.

b) (Do) you want to sit through the discussion? I don't have the patience.

(Ç îª®Ωa© *´-J-ü∆é¬ ††’o èπÿ®Óa-´’ç-ö«¢√? Ø√é¬ ã°œé𠙉ü¿’.) Sit through, ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ not ûÓØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. (èπÿ®Óa-™‰†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ). 9) I can't put up with the boredom =

Ç NÆæ’í∫’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’. To put up with = Æ棜«ç-îªôç/ ¶µºJç-îªôç a) Sita was a great woman. She put up with a lot of hardship =

Æ‘ûª íÌ°æp Æ‘Y. î√™« éπ≥ƒd-©†’ ¶µºJç*çC. b) I cannot put up with the noise =

Ç íÌúø´ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’. c) She has put up with all the trouble her husband gave her =

¶µº®Ωh-°-öÀd† ¶«üµ¿-©-Eo-öÀF Ç¢Á’ ¶µºJç-*çC.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Badari: Shall we go for lunch? Don't you think it is time? (Lunch

éÀ ¢Á∞«l´÷?

Time

Å®·çC éπü∆?)

Kedar: It is only 11.30. I feel its too early.

(-É°æ¤p-úø’ 11.30- -´÷-vûª-¢Ë’ -Å®·ç-C. î√-™« ûªy®Ωí¬ -¢Á-R}-†-ôx-´¤-ûª’ç-C.) Badari: Hei, Both of us have forgotten. Hasn't Amareswar asked us to lunch today at his home?

(àß˝’, ´’†ç Éü¿l®Ωç ´’®Ω-*-§Úߪ÷ç. É¢√∞¡ Å´’-Í®-¨¡y®˝ ´’†Lo ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ °œ©-´-™‰ü¿÷?) Kedar: That's right. So he has. This is the third or fourth sunday this year he has asked us to eat at his place. He seems to keep open house on Sundays.

(Å´¤†’ Eï¢Ë’. Åûª†’ °œL-î√úø’. Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç™ ÉC ´‚úÓ ÇC-¢√-®Ω¢Á÷, Ø√©’íÓ ÇC¢√-®Ω¢Á÷ Åûª†’ ´’†Lo ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ °œ©-´úøç. Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ÇC-¢√-®√©’ á´®Ó äéπ-JE °œLîË™« ÖçC) Badari: That's correct. You remember what happened last time. He kept us too long after dinner. There was no bus at that hour. No auto was in sight. So we had to foot our way back.

(Å´¤†’. Fèπ◊ §Ú®·-†≤ƒÍ®´’-®·çüÓ í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆? ¶µï†ç Å®·† ûª®√yûª î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤ èπÿ®Óa-¶„-ö«dúø’. Ç time èπ◊ bus ™‰O’-™‰´¤. áéπ\ú≈ auto éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç ¢Á†èπ◊\ †úÕ* ®√´-©Æœ ´*açC) Kedar: Of course I remember. But that was a good dinner that he gave us that day. What if we had to walk back? That dinner was worth the walk.

´÷´‚-©’í¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªôç Åçõ‰ invite ÅE ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Conversational í¬ Å®·ûË Éçé¬ simple í¬ invite •ü¿’©’ ask ¢√úøôç î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç. He has invited me to dinner = He has asked me to dinner =

††’o ¶µï-Ø√-EéÀ °œL-î √úø’/ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î √úø’ (ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’ ņúøç éπçõ‰ °œL-î√úø’ ņúøç áèπ◊\´ éπü∆?) No auto was in sight

áéπ\ú≈

Auto

éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’. (in sight = ü¿%≠œd™ / éπE-°œÆæ÷h) áèπ◊\-´í¬ not ûÓ éπ†-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’ ÅØËç-ü¿’Íé ¢√úøû√ç. Not a policeman was in sight.

äéπ\ police man èπÿú≈ éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’. É™«ç-öÀ´Fo ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

(Ǩ¡a®Ωuç àN’-ôçõ‰ ÅûªE ¶µ«®Ωu ÇAü∑¿uç É´y-ôç™ Åûª-EûÓ ÆæJ-Ææ-´÷†ç.) Kedar: In that respect they are cut out for each other.

(Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ω’ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√®Ω’) Badari: So they are. The way they serve us makes us feel at home. Kedar: I think I hear him calling. Shall I tell him we are starting?

(ÅûªØË

phone

îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-úø-†’-èπ◊çö«/ ÅûªE phone ņ’-èπ◊çö« NE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. •ßª’-©’üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o-´’E îÁ°æpØ√?) Badari: Do. (îÁ°æ¤p) Here are some more phrasal verbs we hear frequently in daily conversation. Like the phrasal verbs we have seen in the earlier lessons, they can make your conversation very effective. Now let's study them. Look at the following sentences from the conversation between Badari and Kedar. 1) He seems to keep open house on Sundays 2) We had to foot our way back home 3) In that respect they are cut out for each other 4) ... They make us feel at home 5) That dinner was worth it

OöÀE í∫’Jç* îªJaç-îË-´·çü¿’, ´’†ç ´’J-éÌEo ´÷ô© Å®Ωnç, use ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. He asked us to lunch today:

Åûªúø’ É¢√∞¡ ´’†Lo Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√úø’.

lunch

èπ◊ °œL-î √úø’/

Spoken English

3) In that respect they are cut out for each other. be cut out for (something)/ be cut out to be (something) be 'be' form (am, is, are, was, were etc) expression.

Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ω’ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√®Ω’. Ééπ\úø

Åçõ‰ à ¢√úø-´îª’a. ÉC î√™« ´’ç* Å®Ωnç– äéπ®Ω’ äéπ °æE îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ûªT† ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç, í∫’ù-í∫-ù«©’ éπLT Öçúøôç.

4) They make us feel at home =

´’† ÉçöxØË ÖØ√o´’ØË ¶µ«´† éπL-T-≤ƒh®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx. (Åçõ‰ ÅA-ü∑¿’Lo Åçûª ¶«í¬ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-®Ω-†o-´÷ô) To make your guest feel at home=

ÅA-C∑E à Nüµ¿ç-í¬†÷ ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úøôç a) He treats his guests well. He makes them feel absolutely at home =

a) Are you sure you are cut out for the army?

Now let's look at the following.

ÂÆj†uç™ îË®Ω-ú≈-EéÀ ûªT† ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Fèπ◊ç-ü¿E †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o¢√?

1) He seems to keep open house =

Åûª†’ á°æ¤púø÷ ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ °œLîËô’xØ√oúø’. (ÇAü∑¿uç É´y-ö«-EéÀ Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ éπ†-°æ-úø-û√úø’).

b) He is cut out to be a teacher = His teaching is excellent = teacher

èπ◊ ûªT† ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Åûª-E™ ÖçC. ÅûªE ¶üµ¿† î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.

c) She is cut out to be a doctor. No doubt about it = Doctor Doctor

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 181

Ç¢Á’

Å´-ö«EÍé °æ¤öÀd-†-ô’dçü∆ ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. Å´-ö«-EéÀ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. EÆæqç-üË£æ«ç.

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ îª÷≤ƒhúø’. ¢√∞¡x™ ≤Òçûª ÉçöxØË Ö†o ¶µ«´† éπL-T-≤ƒhúø’ b) Don't be hesitant. Feel at home. Ask for whatever you want=

¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°æ-úÌü¿’l. O’ É™‰x ņ’-éÓçúÕ. àç 鬢√™ ÅúÕT BÆæ’éÓçúÕ. (ÅA-C∑ûÓ É™« Åçô’çö«ç) 5) That dinner was worth it = dinner

Ç ûÓ §ÚLÊÆh ´’†ç †úø-¢√Lq ®√´ôç °ü¿l ¶«üµË-O’-é¬ü¿’.

They are cut out for each other phrasal verb: keep open house =

Ééπ\úÕ

(Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hç-úøÍéç? é¬E Ç®ÓV Åéπ\úÕ ¶µï†ç î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. †úÕÊÆh à´’-®·çC™‰? Ç ¶µï-†çûÓ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ †úøÍéç °ü¿l v¨¡´’-é¬ü¿’.) (worth èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, use Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îª÷¨»ç.) Badari: The wonder is his wife is as hospitable as he.

í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 6 -V-™„j 2006

to

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ É©’x ûÁJîË Öçúøôç/ ÇAü∑¿uç É´y-ö«EéÀ á°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’. a) Come Sunday, they keep open house =

M. SURESAN

ÇC-¢√®Ωç ´ÊÆh-ÆæJ, ¢√Rxçöx ÅA-ü∑¿’-©’ç-ú≈-LqçüË.

b) We keep open house. You can drop in at any time

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ ´÷ É©’x ûÁJîË Öçô’çC. †’¢Áy-°æ¤p-úø-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ ®√´îª’a. They keep open house on sundays. You are always sure to see there some guest or the other

ÇC-¢√-®√©’ ¢√Rxçöx ÇAü∑¿uç á°æ¤púø÷ Öçô’çC. á´®Ó äéπ ÅAC∑ Åéπ\úø ´’†èπ◊ éπ†-°æ-úøôç ûªü∑¿uç.

EXERCISE 1 Syamala:

àçöÀ¢√∞¡ <®Ω éπô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤? Nirmala: ´÷ classmate birthday Ææçü¿-®Ωs ¥çí¬ Nçü¿’ É≤ÚhçC. Syamala: Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ‹ <®ΩûÓ Öçúøôç éπ≠dç æ é¬ü¿÷? Nirmala: Ø√èπ◊ Å´çõ‰ É≠ædç. <®ΩûÓ áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·Ø√ Öçúø-í∫-©†’. Syamala: Åéπ\úË ´’E-ü¿l-Jéà ûËú≈. Ø√èπ◊ <®Ωçõ‰ ÅçA-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’. Nirmala: à¢ÁjØ√ v°æûËuéπ Ææçü¿®√s¥©’çõ‰ØË Ø√èπ◊ <®Ω É≠ædç. Syamala: Å´¤†÷, °æ¤öÀd-†®ÓV E†o-Ø√o´¤? Nirmala: E†oØË, é¬E dinner ´÷vûªç É¢√-RdéÀ ¢√®·-ü∆-¢Ë-ÆœçC. Syamala: Wish you a good time.

ANSWER Syamala: Why have you put on a sari? Nirmala: Our classmate is giving us a treat on the occasion of her birthday. Syamala: Can you be in the sari all the time? Nirmala: I like saris. So I can put with it for any time. Syamala: That's where we don't see eye to eye with each other. I don't like saris much. Nirmala: I am for saris only for special occasions. Syamala: But didn't you say the birthday was yesterday? Nirmala: Yes, it was, but she put off the dinner till today. Syamala: Wish you a good time.

2) We had to foot our way back home =

´’†ç ÉçöÀéÀ †úÕ* ®√¢√Lq ´*açC. foot one's way = †úø-´ôç/ walk. a) As his vehicle broke down, he left it there and footed his way to office =

¢√£æ«†ç îÁúÕ-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ, Åûª†’ ü∆†o-éπ\úø ´CL, office èπ◊ †úÕ* ¢Á∞«xúø’. b) Foot your way as much as possible and you will be healthy =

O©-®·-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ †úÕÊÆh ´’† Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. (you Åçõ‰ †’´¤y, O’®Ω’, Fèπ◊, O’èπ◊ ÅØË Å®√n©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, general í¬ á´-È®jØ√, á´-J-ÈéjØ√ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ†÷ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.) Foot your way as much as possible ÅØË sentence ™ '†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’— áçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh ÅØË é¬èπ◊çú≈, á´-È®jØ√/ ´’†ç, áçûªü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh Åçûª Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC ÅE Å®Ωnç. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ: You cannot extract oil from sand =

ÉÆæ-éπ-™ç* †÷ØÁ Bߪ’™‰ç. Ééπ\úø you Åçõ‰ †’´¤y/ O’®Ω’ ÅØË Å®√n-EéÀ °æJ-N’ûªç é¬ü¿’. c) I can't foot my walk for such a long distance =

EXERCISE 2 Ganesh: Hi Karthik,

àçöÀ Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ Å©-Æœ -§Ú-®·-†ô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤? Karthik: Ø√ bike ´’üµ¿u™ îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·çC. ü∆Eo †úÕ-°œç--èπ◊çô÷ ´*a mechanic èπ◊ É*a, Åéπ\-úÕ-†’ç* È®çúø’ éÀ™-O’-ô®Ωx ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ* ´î√a†’. Ganesh: Ø√èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’çõ‰ ؈’ ´*a lift ÉîËa¢√-úÕE éπü∆? Karthik: †’´¤y Ææ£æ…ߪ ’ç îËÊÆ-¢√-úÕ-¢Ë-†E Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’´™‰x Ø√ rooms èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xèπ◊çú≈ F rooms èπ◊ ´î√a†’. Ñ ®√vAéÀ ØËE-éπ\-úø -Öç-úÌî√a? Ganesh: Åçûª-éπ-Ø√oØ√? ÉC F É™‰x ņ’éÓ. Karthik: Thank you. àçöà maths îËÆæ’h-Ø√o¢√? ņoô’d, O’ éÌûªh maths lecturer ᙫ ÖØ√oúø’? Ganesh: î√™« íÌ°æp lecturer. Åçü¿’-éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’ °æ¤ö«dú≈ ņoô’x maths lecturer í¬ ÆæJí¬_ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√úø’. Karthik: Å®·ûË ÆæçûÓ≠æç.

ANSWER Ganesh: Hi Karthik, you look so tired and weak, why? Karthik: My bike broke down on the way. I walked it up to my mechanic, gave it to him for repair and footed my way for 2 kms here. Ganesh: If you had phone me, I would have given you a lift. Karthik: I know you are the helping type. That's why I came straight to your rooms without going to my place. can I stay here for the night? Ganesh: By all means/ you are welcome. Feel absolutely at home. Karthik: Thank you. You seem to be doing maths. By the way how is your new maths lecturer? Ganesh: Excellent. He is cut out for the job. Karthik: Happy to hear it.

Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç ؈’ †úø-´-™‰†’.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Akhila: How is your mother? Is she improving?

Akhila: If only she takes medicines properly ...

(O’ Å¢Á’t™« ÖçC? éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-öçü∆?)

(´’çü¿’©’ ÆæJí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç Åçô÷ Öçõ‰ ...)

Nikhila: She is, but she is too weak to move about.

Nikhila: Oh, my! It's already 7.30. I have stayed

(éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-öçC é¬E éπü¿-™‰x-†çûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬/ •©-£‘«-†çí¬ ÖçC)

here too long. I'm afraid I'll be late for the hospital. I must hurry. Bye.

Akhila: She is taking too many drugs perhaps. May be that's why she is so weak.

(Å¢Á÷t! Å°æ¤púË 7.30 Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. ´’K áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√o-E-éπ\úø. ÇÆæ’-°æ-vAéÀ Ç©Ææu¢Á’i §Ú-ûÓçC. ؈’ ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL. Bye.)

(´’çü¿’©’ ´’K áèπ◊\´ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öç-üË¢Á÷. Åçü¿’-´©x Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖçúÌa) Nikhila: On the contrary she avoids even the medicines she has to take. She hates them too much to take them regularly. Hence her slow recovery.

-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 8 -V-™„j 2006










Varun: It's OK, but it is too big.

Too

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç Ñ≤ƒJ. 1) Too ´’†ç ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ 'also' (èπÿú≈) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆? (ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-鬢Á’ ´uA-Í®éπç. BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√Ramya: Has she come? (Ç¢Á’ ´*açü∆?) Lq† ´’çü¿’™‰ ÆæJí¬ BÆæ’-éÓü¿’. ´’çü¿’©†’ Priya: She has. (Ç. ´*açC.) véπ´’-•-ü¿l¥çí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©çõ‰ áçûÓ üËy≠æç) Ramya: Has her husband come too? (Ç¢Á’ ¶µº®Ωh èπÿú≈ ´î√aú≈?)

(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC. é¬F Åçü¿’™ ÖçúË¢√∞¡x Ææçë‰u¢Á÷ ûªèπ◊\´– É™‰x¢Á÷ Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ ´’çCéÀ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’çûª °ü¿lC– Åçü¿’-´©x ≤˘éπ®Ωuç éπçõ‰ É•sçüË áèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.) 3) Too Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ≤ƒüµ¿u-´’ßË’u ü∆E-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. a) He is too clever for a boy his age =

Priya: Yes. He has come too.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 182 Akhila: Who is treating her?

(á´®Ω’/ à doctor îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’?) Nikhila: We put her in Readycure Hospital. (Readycure Hospital

M. SURESAN

™ îË®√aç)

(Å´¤†’. Çߪ’† èπÿú≈ ´î√aúø’) Spoken English ™ 'èπÿú≈— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ also î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. áèπ◊\-´í¬ 'too' ¢√úøû√®Ω’. 'Too' á°æ¤púø÷ verb ûª®√yûª ¢√úøôç better. She too has come éπØ√o She has come too, better. Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»ç – Not ûÓ also ÅÆæ-©’-®√ü¿’. 2) Too èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç – Ñ lesson ™ ¢√úÕ† Nüµ¿çí¬– Too Åçõ‰ ´’K/ ÅA ÅE ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´îª’a.

ÅûªúÕ ´ßª’Ææ’q °œ©x-©-éπçõ‰ Åûªúø’ î√™« ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’. (Åûª-úÕéÀ ´ßª’Ææ’èπ◊ N’ç*† ûÁL-N-ûË-ô-©’-Ø√o®·.) b) She is too tall for a girl her age =

Ç ´ßª’Ææ’ Å´÷t-®·© éπçõ„ ´’K §Òúø’-í∫’ç-ü∆ Å´÷t®·. c) She is too red for an Asian =

´÷´‚-©’í¬ ÇƜߪ÷ ¢√Ææ’©’ Öçúø-†çûª áv®Ωí¬ Öçü∆¢Á’. †’ éÌClí¬ Å®Ωnç ûËú≈ûÓ É™« èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç:

4) Too

a) She is too young for marriage =

´÷´‚©’ °Rx ´ßª’-Ææ’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ ´ßª’Ææ’ ´’K ûªèπ◊\´. °Sxúø’èπ◊ î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ = She is too young to be married/ to get married.

She is too weak to move .. Akhila: But isn't it too expensive and too far off a place?

(é¬E, ÅC ´’K êKü¿’, ü¿÷®Ωç é¬ü∆?) Nikhila: It is. But mom's cousin is a doctor there. So we admitted her there.

(Eï¢Ë’. é¬E ´÷ Å´’t cousin Åéπ\úø doctor. Åçü¿’-éπ-†-éπ\úø îË®√aç) Akhila: You must be spending a lot on transport to and fro. You must have spent quite a lot already.

(A®Ω-í∫-ö«-EÍé î√™« ê®Ω’a °ô’dç-ú≈L O’®Ω’. É°æp-öÀÍé î√™« ê®Ωa®· Öçú≈L.) Nikhila: You can say that again the tests they have prescribed as alone have cost us a lot. The medicines are expensive too.

(Ç´÷ô †’´¤y ´’Sx ´’Sx ÅØÌa. ¢√∞¡Ÿx îË®·ç*† °æK-éπ~©Íé î√™« -ê®Ωa®·uçC. ´’çü¿’©’ èπÿú≈ î√™« êKüË) Akhila: These days medicare has become too costly. Only the rich can afford it. The Poor have to make do with substandard treatment.

(Ñ ®ÓV™x ¢Ájü¿uç î√™« êK-üÁj-§Ú-®·çC. Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xÍé ÅC Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™ ÖçC. ™‰E-¢√∞¡Ÿx ûªèπ◊\´ ®Ωéπç ¢Ájü¿uçûÓ ÆæJ-°-ô’d-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.) make do = Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-´ôç/ ÆæJ-°-ô’d-éÓ-´ôç Nikhila: Mom is too impatient. She wants to get out as soon as possible. The doctors however insist that she stay there for at least four more days. She feels it too long.

(Å´’t ´’K ÅÆæ-£æ«-†çí¬ ÖçC. O©-®·†çûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ÇÆæ’-°ævA †’ç* •ßª’-ô-°æ-ú≈-©-†’èπ◊ç-öçC. é¬F doctors ´÷vûªç éπFÆæç Éçé¬ Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV-©’ç-ú≈-©ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ´÷vûªç Å-C ´’K áèπ◊\-´-鬩ç ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC)

Spoken English

Look at the following. a) He is tall =

Åûªúø’ §Òúø’í∫’ – ´’ç*üË. b) He is very tall = Åûªúø’ î√™« §Òúø’í∫’ – ´’ç*üË. c) He is too tall = Åûªúø’ ´’K §Òúø’í∫’ – Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø §Òúø’í∫’ ´©x àüÓ É•sçC Öçúø-´îª’a. (´’K §Òúø’-í∫-´ôç ´©x, Eö«-®Ω’í¬ E©’-îÓ-™‰-éπ§Ú-´-ô¢Á÷, à í∫C-™-ÈéjØ√ ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’ ü∆y®Ωç ûªí∫-©-ô¢Á÷, ´’K ´çT v°æ¢Ë-Pç--î√-Lq ®√´-ô-¢Á÷™«çöÀ É•sç-ü¿’©’ ÖçúÌa– ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ÅûªúÕ áûª’hèπ◊ ûªT† ¶µ«®Ωu üÌ®Ω-éπ\-§Ú-´îª’a!) Too Åçõ‰ ÅA ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøôç ´©x, ü∆E v°æßÁ÷-ï-Ø√©’ ´’ç*-Ní¬ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. a) He drives too fast =

Åûªúø’ ´’K ¢Ëí∫çí¬ drive îË≤ƒhúø’. Åçü¿’-´©x v°æ´÷ü¿ç Ææ綵º-Nç-îª-´îª’a. b) She talks too much.

Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ü∆E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«xúø’ûª’çC. c) It is too costly =

ÅC ´’K êKü¿’. (Åçü¿’-´©x é̆-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.) DEo éÀçC-¢√-öÀûÓ §Ú©açúÕ. i) It is costly = ÅC êKü¿’ (éÌØÌa) ii) It is very costly =

ÅC ¶«í¬ êKü¿’ (Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà éÌØÌa.) iii) It is too costly = ÅC ÅA/ ´’K êKü¿’ (؈’ é̆†’ – éÌØË Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a) d) Sarat: You liked the suitcase. Why didn't you buy it?

(Ç suitcase Åçõ‰ É≠æd-°æ-ú≈f´¤. ´’È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ é̆-™‰ü¿’?) Bharat: Oh, it's too heavy.

ÅC ´’K •®Ω’´¤í¬ ÖçC. (؈’ ¢Á÷ߪ’™‰-†çûª •®Ω’´¤. Åçü¿’-´©x é̆-™‰ü¿’.) e) Kiran: How do you find your new home?

(O’®Ω’ éÌûªhí¬ îËJ† É™„x™« ÖçC?)

b) He is too fat to walk fast-

Éô’-´çöÀ sentences ™ ´uA-Í®-鬮Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. -Ñ -¢√é¬u-EéÀ -Å®Ωnç= Åûª†’ ûªy®Ωí¬ †úø-´-™‰-†çûª ™«´¤.

Now look at the following sentences from the conversation between Akhila and Nikhila at the beginning of the lesson: 1) She is too weak to move about. 2) She is taking too many drugs perhaps. 3) She hates them too much to take them regularly. 4) But isn't it too expensive and too far off a place? 5) Mom is too impatient. 6) She feels it too long. 7) I've stayed here too long.














1) She is too weak to move about =

Ç¢Á’ éπü¿-©-™‰-†çûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖçC = She is so weak that she cannot move about. 2) She is taking too many drugs perhaps =

•£æ›-¨» -´’ç-ü¿’-©’ ´’K áèπ◊\´ (îÁúø’ ïJ-Ííçûª) BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öç-üË¢Á÷ Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ É™« èπÿú≈ too ¢√úøû√ç. a) You are a minute too late =

†’´¤y äéπ\ EN’≠æç Ç©-Ææu-´’-ߪ÷u´¤. (äéπ\ EN’≠æç ´·çü¿’-´-açõ‰ F°æE ÅßË’uC) b) This passenger is one too many for the bus. Bus is full. It can't take even one more.

(Ñ äéπ\ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úË áèπ◊\´. •Ææqçû√ EçúÕ§Ú-®·çC. Éçéπ äéπ\-JéÀ èπÿú≈ îÓô’-™‰ü¿’) 3) She hates them too much to take them regularly =

c) She is too young to understand all this =

ÉN Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª *†o °œ©x Ç Å´÷t®·. d) In the past children were married off when they were too young to understand what marriage was =

í∫ûªç™ °∞¡xçõ‰ àN’ö Å®Ωnç-é¬E *†o ´ßª’Ææ’™ØË °œ©x-©èπ◊ °Rx∞¡Ÿx îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx. 5) äéÓ\-≤ƒJ too †’ positive meaning ûÓ éÀçC sentences ™ ™«í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. a) Pavan: Are you ready for this job?

Ñ ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ †’´¤y Æœü¿l¥-¢Ë’Ø√? Vinod: I shall be only too glad to accept it.

Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ç ´’çü¿’-©†’ véπ´’ç-ûª-°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´-úø´’çõ‰ ÅE≠ædç./ Ç ÅE-≠dçæ -´©x Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iØ√ Ç ´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’-éÓü¿’. ÉC sentence no.1 ™«í¬ØË ÖçC îª÷úøçúÕ. 4) But isn't it too expensive and too far off a place? =

ÅC ´’†ç ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-†çûª êK-üÁjçD, ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-†çûª ü¿÷®Ω´‚ é¬ü∆? It's too expensive =

´’K êK-üÁ-èπ◊\´ (؈’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’) It's too far off (´’K ü¿÷®Ωç áèπ◊\´, ؈’ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰†’) 5) Mom is too impatient =

ü∆Eo Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªôç Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ÆæçûÓ≠æç/ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ b) He will be only too pleased to assist you=

´÷ Å´’t ´’K ÅÆæ-£æ«-†çí¬ ÖçC. (Åéπ\úø Öçúø™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC) 6) She feels it too long =

Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úøôç Åûª-úÕéÀ î√™« ÆæçûÓ≠æç. c) She'll be too ready to leave the place =

Ééπ\-úÕ-†’ç* ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’çC/ ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-E-éÀ -á-°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’. 6) Too †’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ éÀçC Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. a) It is too much for him =

ÅC Åûªúø’ îËߪ’-™‰-†çûª éπ≠dçæ / ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-†çûª v¨¡´’/ ¶«üµ¿. b) Working for such long hours is too much for the boys =

ÅEo í∫çô©’ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç ¢√∞¡Ÿx îËߪ’-™‰E/ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰E v¨¡´’– (°œ©x©’ 鬕öÀd.)

´’K áèπ◊\´é¬©-´’E ņ’-èπ◊ç-öçC. (Öçúø-™‰-éπ§Ú-ßË’çûª) 7) I have stayed here too long =

Å´-ûª© °æ†’çúÕ èπÿú≈ î√™« áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤Ø√o– Öçúø-èπÿ-úø-†çûª ÊÆ°æ¤Ø√o. éÀçC Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ πÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ: a) The box is too heavy for me = the box is so heavy that I cannot lift it =

؈’ áûªh-™‰-†çûª •®Ω’´¤í¬ Öçü∆-°õ„d. b) The TV is too costly for me = The TV is so costly that I can't buy it.

c) This question is too much for the little girl.

؈’ é̆-™‰-†çûª êK-ü¿-®·çü∆ öÃO. Ç *†o°œ©xèπ◊ ï¢√•’ îÁ°æp-™‰-†çûª éπ≠d-¢æ Á’i† v°æ-¨¡o -É-C.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and get ready to go out.

Compare the following pair of sentences from the conversation above:

(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ -ûª-ߪ÷®Ω´¤y)

a) Swarna: Rajitha, get dressed and get ready to start.

Kamala: What is Swarna saying, Rajitha?

(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω´‹y)

(Ææy®Ωg à´’ç-öçD?) Rajitha: She is telling me to get dressed and get ready to go.

b) Rajitha: She (Swarna) is telling me to get dressed and get ready to start.

(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊E •ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´´’E Ææy®Ωg Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ÚhçC)

(•ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊E •ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´-´’E Ææy®Ωg Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ÚhçC) sentence (a) ™ ´’†ç îª÷ÊÆC: Ææy®Ωg, ®Ω>-ûª†’ ÖüËl-Pç* ØË®Ω’ (direct) í¬, ´·êûª” ®Ω>-ûªûÓ îÁÊ°p N≠æߪ’ç. sentence (b) ™ ´’†ç îª÷ÊÆC: ®Ω>ûª, Ææy®Ωg ûª†ûÓ Å†o-´÷-ô-©†’, ûª† ´÷ô™x éπ´’-©èπ◊ îÁ°æpôç/ report îËߪ’ôç. sentence (a) direct í¬ Ææy®Ωg ®Ω>-ûªûÓ Å†o -´÷-ô©’. 鬕öÀd ÅC Direct speech. sentence (b) ®Ω>ûª, ûª† ´÷ô™x Ææy®Ωg- ´÷-ô-©†’ éπ´’-©èπ◊ report îËߪ’ôç 鬕öÀd ÅC Reported

Swarna: Go to the market and get some vegetables. There aren't any left. (Market

èπ◊ -¢Á-R} èπÿ®Ω-í¬-ߪ’©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊®√. Éçöx àç ™‰´¤.)

Kamala: Don't you hear, Rajitha? Swarna is telling you to go to the market and get vegetables

(NE-°œç-îª-™‰ü∆, ®Ω>û√? Market èπ◊ -¢Á-R} èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ´’tE îÁ§ÚhçC éπü∆?) Rajitha: What do you mean? (àçôç-ô’-Ø√o¢˛?) Kamala: You have heard what Swarna has said. So do what she says.

(Indirect) speech.

(NØ√o´¤ éπü∆ Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçC. ûª†’ îÁ°œp-†ô’x îÁ®·u.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 183

Rajitha: Are you both telling me to go to the market and get vegetables? Kamala, are you telling me to do what she says?

Kamala: Don't stand there. Get going. Swarna has told you to cook too.

Look at the following too: 1 Swarna (to Rajitha): Go to the market and get some vegetables

(Å™« E™aèπ◊. °æE é¬F. Ææy®Ω-g -´ç-ô èπÿ-ú≈ -îÁ-ߪ’u-´’ç--öç-C.) Get going= •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’/ °æE-é¬F, etc. Swarna: Why are you still here? Kamala is telling you not to stand there but get going.

(àçöÀçé¬ Ééπ\-úø’-Ø√o¢˛? Kamala îÁ°œpç-Céπü∆, Å™« E™a-´-ü¿lF, •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-´’E.) Rajitha: Stop it. Don't think I am your servant. Don't order me about, you stupids.

(Ç°æçúÕ. ؈’ O’ servant ņ’-éÓ-éπçúÕ. Ø√èπ◊ Çïc-L-´y-éπçúÕ, ´‚®Ω’^-™«x®√?) Swarna: Look, Kamala, she is telling us to stop it and not to think she is our servant. She is telling us further not to order her about.

(éπ´’™« îª÷úø÷, Éü¿çû√ Ç°æ-´’E, ûª††’ servant í¬ Å†’-éÓ-´-ü¿lF, Çïc©’ ñ«KîË-ßÁ·-ü¿lF ÅçöçC.) Kamala: Come now, Rajitha. Don't be angry. We have just been joking. Please don't think we are serious. (Rajitha,

éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊. ÜJ-éπØË joke îËÆæ’hØ√oç. ¢Ë’ç serious í¬ ÅØ√o-´’E ņ’-éÓèπ◊. ÜJÍé EØ√o-ô-°æ-öÀdç-î√-´’çûË) Rajitha: You've carried the joke too far. joke

Kamala: You still look angry. Swarna has told you to take joke and not to be angry but enjoy it. Come laugh it off.

(Éçé¬ éÓ°æçí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçC éπü∆ Åçû√ joke í¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´’F, éÓ°æp-úÌ-ü¿lF, †’´¤y èπÿú≈ enjoy îÁߪ’u-´’E. †¢ËyÆœ Ü®Ω’éÓ) Rajitha: OK. I excuse you. I will have my turn too.

(Å™«Íí. N’´’tLo éπ~N’-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Ø√èπÿ ´Ææ’hçC Å´-鬨¡ç. Å°æ¤púø’ îÁ§ƒh.) ☺

ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ °ævö«– éπü∆?)

M. SURESAN (Market

Kamala: Swarna is telling you to go to the market and get some vegetables

ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ´’tE Ææy®Ωg ÅçöçC FûÓ) îË≤ÚhçC 鬕öÀd reported

Kamala report speech)

(ÉC

2. a) Kamala (to Rajitha) ... Do what she (Swarna) Says.

(Ææy®Ωg -îÁ-°œpçC îÁ®·u–

☺

☺

☺

Spoken English

Direct speech

éπü∆?)

b) Rajitha (To Swarna and Kamala) Are you both telling me to go to market and get vegetables? Kamala, Are you telling me to do what she says? (Direct speech) (

††’o Market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ´’tç-ô’-Ø√o®√? éπ´’™«, Ææy®Ωg îÁ°œpçC îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«¢√ ††’o?) 3 a) Kamala (To Rajitha): Don't stand there. Get going. (Direct speech)

Å™« E™aèπ◊,

•ßª’-™‰l®Ω’) Swarna is telling you to cook too

ÅAí¬ ÖçC)

(éÓ°æp-úøèπÿ. Joke í¬ BÆæ’éÓ. †’´¤y èπÿú≈ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æúø’.)

☺

(Market Direct speech

(Reported speech -

Swarna: Come, come, don't be angry. Take a joke. Enjoy it, girl.

(´’†-Lo-ü¿çû√ Ç°æ-´’F, ûª†’ ´’† servant ņ’éÓ-´-ü¿lF, É≠ædç ´*a-†ô’x Çïc-L-´y-ü¿lF ®Ω>ûª ÅçöçC Indirect speech) 5 a) Swarna to Rajitha: Don't be angry. Take a joke. enjoy it, girl (

éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊.

Joke

†’ džç-Cç–

3 a) Kamala (to Rajitha): Don't stand there. Get going (Direct speechimperative sentence.

E™a-éπ™«,

•ßª’-™‰l®Ω’) Çïc™« ÖçC 鬕öÀd

3 b)

Direct speech)

b) Kamala: Swarna has told you not to be angry, to take a joke and enjoy it (Swarna

îÁ°œpçC éπü∆ éÓ°æp-úÌ-ü¿lF, joke †’ džç-Cç-îª-´’F– Reported speech) °j sentences ™ 1 (a) 2 (a), 2 (b) , 3 (a) 4 (a), 5 (a) - É´Fo direct speech ™ ÖØ√o®·. Sentences 1 (b), 3 (b), 4 (b) and 5 (b) - É´Fo reported (Indirect) speech ™ ÖØ√o®·.

îª÷úøçúÕ – ÉC Kamala, Ææy®Ωg ´÷ôLo reported speech ™ îÁ°æpôç: Kamala is telling you not to stand there but get going. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ Kamala, Ææy®Ωg -´÷-ô©´·çü¿’, to ¢√úÕçC – to stand there... Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø direct speech ™ Don't (do not) ÅE not ÖçC 鬕öÀd, reported speech ™, not to ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.

a) Suseel: Make good use of your time, Sumant. (Sumant, Direct speech

F Ææ´’-ߪ÷Eo

ÆæCy-E-ßÁ÷í∫ç îËÆæ’éÓ éπü∆.)

Swarna is telling ...

(Éü¿l®Ω÷ ††’o market ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁ´’tçö«®√? éπ´’™«, ûªØËç îËߪ’-´’ç-ô’çüÓ ÅC îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«¢√? Swarna: And cook too. (´çô èπÿú≈ îÁ®·u)

(O’

-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 10 -V-™„j 2006

Ææy®Ωg E†’o ´çô èπÿú≈

îËߪ’-´’ç-öçC) b) Swarna: Kamala is telling you not to stand there but get going.

(Å™« E™a-´-ü¿lF, •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-´’E éπ´’© îÁ§ÚhçC FûÓ – Reported speech) 4 a) Rajitha (to Swarna & Kamala): Stop it. Don't think I am your servant. Don't order me about (Direct speech)

(Ç°æçúÕ, ؈’ O’ servant ņ’-éÓ-éπçúÕ. O’ É≠ædç ´*a-†ô’x Çïc©’ É´y-éπçúÕ – Direct speech) b) Swarna: She is telling us to stop it and not to think she is our servant. She is further telling us not to order her about. (Indirect speech)

1) Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and get ready to go out.

Indirect, Suseel is telling Sumant to make good use of his time.

ÉC Direct speech ™ ÖçC éπü∆. 'Get dressed and get ready to go out - Ñ ´÷ô©’ Imperative sentence - Åçõ‰ äéπ-JE Çñ«c-°œçîË/ Ŷµºu-JnçîË (request)/ äéπ °æE îËߪ’-´’E ÅúÕÍí sentence †’ imperative sentence Åçö«ç. Swarna, ®Ω>-ûª†’ •ôd-©’- ´÷-®Ω’aéÓ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ Öçúø÷ ÅE Åúø’-í∫’-ûÓçC/ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Çñ«c°œ≤ÚhçC. 鬕öÀd 'Get dressed and go out', imperative sentence Å´¤-ûª’çC. Imperative sentence †’ direct †’ç* reported (indirect) èπ◊ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, Ç imperative ´·çü¿’, to îË®Ωa-ô¢Ë’. Åçõ‰,

b) Suseel: Don't waste your time, Sumant (Direct speech - Imperative - Don't = do not

Swarna: Hi Rajitha, get dressed and get ready to go out -

DEéÀ

reported speech:

Swarna is telling/ asking (tells/ asks) Rajitha to get dressed and get ready to go out. get dressed and get ready to to So, impergo out ative sentence indirect speech 'to'

í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆ ´·çü¿’, °ö«dç. ÅçûË-éπü∆. éÀ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, ü∆E´·çü¿’ °õ‰d≤ƒhç. Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç – say ûª®√yûª infinitive ( to go, to come, to sing ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’) ®√ü¿E. Tell/ ask °æéπ\† infinitive ´Ææ’hçC. Åçü¿’-éπE reported speech ™ tell (somebody)/ Ask (somebody) + Infinitive ´Ææ’hçC, Imperative †’ Reported speech èπ◊ ´÷Ja†-°æ¤úø’.

Look at the other pairs of sentences from the conversation. 1 a) Swarna (to Rajitha): Go to the market and get some vegetables (market Imperative sentence)

ÈéRx èπÿ®Ω©’

BÆæ’-èπ◊®√ – ÉC DEéÀ Reported speech, DE-éÀç-ü¿ØË éπ´’© ´÷ô™x 1 (b) îª÷úøçúÕ.

Swarna is telling you to go to the market and get some vegetables Kamala, Swarna reported 'to' speech She is telling you to go to the market...

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, ´÷ôLo -™ -îÁ°æpôç– Ç ´÷ô© ´·çü¿’ ÆœçC–

´îËa-

ûÓ ÖçC)

Reported speech: Suseel is telling sumant not to waste his time. 4 a) Rajitha (To Swarna and Kamala): Stop it. Don't think I am your servant. Don't order me about. (Direct speech-imperative with don't = do not) b)

É¢Ë ´÷ô-©†’ Swarna reported speech ™ Kamala èπ◊: She is telling us to stop it, not to think she is our servant and not to order her about. (Reported speech beginning with 'not to', because of don't in Direct speech)

Orders, requests, asking imperative sentence, direct speech report to don't not to

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆: ü∆Eo

Öçõ‰

ûÁLÊ° ™ Öçõ‰, îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç, ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.

a) Kamal: Krishna have something to eat. Direct speech - imperative. Kamal is asking Krishna to have something to eat - Reported speech b) Teacher: Don't read such books. (Direct speech- Begins with don't) Teacher is telling (the students) not to read such books.

Ñ Â°j examples ™ -à Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù©’ á°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oßÁ÷ correct í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ô癉ü¿’ 鬕öÀd ´’†ç Indirect (reported) speech ™ à tense Å®·Ø√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. °j È®çúø’ examples ™, Reported speech ™, is asking/ is telling •ü¿’©’ has asked/ asked/ has told/ told èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. That is how we change imperative into indirect speech.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ lesson 1st sample of direct Direct speech and reported speech and reported speech Quotations/ Inverted commas (" "), sentence verb/ verbs quoverb tations columns Spoken English practice. English quotations,

éÀçü¿öÀ

™ ´’†ç

îª÷¨»ç. ņ-í¬ØË ´’†èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-îËaC, ¢√öÀ ™°æ© Ö†o ¶µ«í∫ç, Åçü¿’™ •ßª’ô Ö†o ™«çöÀN. Å®·ûË ´’†ç Ééπ\úø í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçC, Ñ ™ ´’†ç îËÆæ’hçC Åçõ‰ ´÷ö«x-úøôç. ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’ Åçü¿’™¶µ«í∫ç, ü∆E -•-ߪ’öÀ¶µ«í∫ç ™«çöÀN Öçúø´¤ éπü∆. Spoken English ™ ´’†ç í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lqçü¿™«x, ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´uéÀh È®çúÓ ´uéÀhûÓ îÁÊ°p ´÷ô©’ direct speech. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´uéÀh îÁ°œp† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo È®çúÓ ´uéÀh ûª† ´÷ô™x ÉçéÓ ´uéÀhéÀ îÁ°æpôç/ report îËߪ’ôç, reported speech. Conversation/ Spoken English practice îËÊÆ-ô°æ¤púø’ Ñ N≠æߪ’ç í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. Quotations, reported verb ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÓÆæç ¢Áûªéπç. Reporting verb Åçõ‰ reported speech v§ƒ®ΩçGµç-îË-´·çü¿’ ¢√úË tell, ask, request, order, advise, hope ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ´’†¢Ë’ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«ç. English ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úËC reported speech 鬕öÀd, ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√-Lqç-ü¿-™«x äéπ ´uéÀh ņo N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ÉçéÌ-éπ-JéÀ Ææp≠ædçí¬ á™« NE-°œç-î√L ÅØËC ´÷vûª¢Ë’. ÉüË-éπü∆, ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ Swarna, Rajitha and Kamala conversation ™ îª÷ÆœçC. Å™«Íí practice îËü∆lç. Ééπ îªü¿-´çúÕ.

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 13 -V-™„j 2006

Rakesh: They were talking. Naveen told Ramani to leave her book with him, and to take his book and return it the next day.

(¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ç¢Á’ °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo ûª†-éÀ*a, ûª† °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo BÆæ’-èπ◊E, ´’®Ω’-ÆæöÀ ®Ó>-´y-´’E †OØ˛ ®Ω´’-ùÀûÓ ÅØ√oúø’.) Mahesh: I heard Ramani's words. She requested him to let her have both the books.

(®Ω´’ùÀ ´÷ô©’ ؈’ NØ√o†’. È®çúø’ °æ¤Ææh鬩÷ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-E-´y-´’E Ŷµºu-Jnç-*çC) Rakesh: Naveen then told her to take both of them but to make sure she returned them the day after next.

(Å°æ¤púø’ È®çúø’ °æ¤Ææh-鬩÷ BÂÆ\-∞¡}-´’F, éπ*a-ûªçí¬ á©’xçúÕ (È®çvúÓ-V© ûª®√yûª) AJ-T-´y-´’F, Naveen ®Ω´’-ùÀûÓ ÅØ√oúø’.) Mahesh: I was sitting next to Ramani. So I heard her. She requested him to allow her to keep them for at least three days.

(®Ω´’ùÀ °æéπ\ØË èπÿØ√o. Ç¢Á’ îÁ°œpçC ؈’ NØ√o, éπFÆæç ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©Ø√o Öç-éÓ-E-´y-´’-E ®Ω´’ùÀ ÅúÕ-TçC.) Rakesh: Then the teacher ordered them both to stop talking. (Teacher

¢√∞¡xE ´÷ö«x-úøôç Ç°æ-´’E

Çïc-°œç-î√úø’.)

Å™«é¬èπ◊çú≈ éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ™«í¬ á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’ Å°æ¤púË report îËÊÆh tell/ ask/ request/ order/ wish ™«çöÀ verbs†’ I Regular

doing word/ II Regular doing word/ am+ing, is+ing, are+ing/ have+pp/ has+pp (past participle) form begin

™ îË≤ƒhç.) °j† †OØ˛èπÿ ®Ω´’ùÀéà í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æù†’ ´’Ê£«≠ˇ, ®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ reported speech ™ îÁ°æ¤h-Ø√o®Ω’. Direct speech †’ç* reported èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd éÀçC ´÷®Ω’p©’ èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç.

DIRECT SPEECH I, You We, You Me, You Us You My, Your

REPORTED SPEECH

(-ØË-†’, †’´¤y) He, She (-¢Ë’-´·, -´’-†ç, O’®Ω’) They (-Ø√èπ◊, -†-†’o, Fèπ◊, E†’o) Him, her (´’†Lo, ´’†èπ◊/ -´’-´’t-Lo, ´÷èπ◊) Them (O’èπ◊) Them (-Ø√, F) His/ Her

She requested him to .. Mahesh: Then both of them requested the teacher not to be angry and to excuse them that once.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 184 I. Naveen: Leave your book with me. You take my book and return it tomorrow.

(F °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eoéπ\úø Öç. †’´¤y Ø√ °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo BÆæ’-èπ◊E Í®°æ¤ AJ-T´¤y) Ramani: Please let me have both the books.

(È®çúÕç-öÀF BÆæ’-éÓ-E´¤y) Naveen: OK. Take both of them but make sure that you return them the day after.

(ÆæÍ®, È®çúø÷ BÆæ’éÓ, Å®·ûË á©’xç-úÕéÀ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ AJ-T-îËaß˝’) Ramani: Please allow me to keep them for at least three days.

(éπFÆæç ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©Ø√o Öç-éÓ-E´¤y) Teacher: Stop talking, both of you.

Rakesh: The teacher was still angry. He ordered them to concentrate on the lesson, to keep their mouths shut or to get out. (Teacher lesson

Éçé¬ éÓ°æçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’, ¢√∞¡x†’ O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd °ôd-´’F, ØÓ®Ω’´‚Ææ’éÓ´’E ™‰ü∆ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡}-´’F -Å-Ø√o-úø’.) Naveen then requested/ pleaded with the teacher again not to be cross. ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

(O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ ´÷ö«x-úø-éπçúÕ) Naveen and Ramani: Don't be angry, sir. Excuse us this once.

(éÓ°æp-úø-èπ◊çú≈ ´’´’t-Lo Ñ äéπ\-≤ƒ-JéÀ éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ ≤ƒ®˝) Teacher: Concentrate on the lesson. Keep your mouths shut or get out of the class.

(§ƒ®∏Ωç O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd °ôdçúÕ. ØÓ®Ω’ -´‚-Ææ’éÓçúÕ ™‰ü∆ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-Rx-§ÚçúÕ) Naveen: Please, don't be cross, sir.

(ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ éÓ°æp-úø-éπçúÕ ≤ƒ®˝) Å®·ûË E¨¡z-•lçí¬ ÖçúøçúÕ) Naveen: OK. Sir. (Å™«Íí ≤ƒ®˝) Teacher: Be silent, then (

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ II. Mahesh: Why was the teacher angry with Naveen and Ramani? (Naveen, Ramani O’ü¿ áçü¿’èπ◊ éÓ°æç ´*açC?)

(¢√∞¡x-°æ¤púø’ éÓ°æp-úø´-ü¿lE, Ñ≤ƒ-JéÀ M. SURESAN éπ~N’ç-îª-´’E teacher †’ Ŷµºu-Jnç-î √®Ω’ )

teacher

Spoken English

èπ◊

Observe: I) The conversation between Naveen and Ramani, and II) Mahesh and Rakesh reporting the conversation between Naveen and Ramani.

O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’– Part I ™ †OØ˛, ®Ω´’ùÀ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’, Part II ™ Mahesh, Rakesh reported (indirect) speech ™ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç. ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Part II ™, ´’Ê£«≠ˇ ®√Íé-≠ˇ†’ ÅúÕ-T† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æ¨¡o: Why was the teacher angry with Naveen and Ramani? was

Åçõ‰, Éçü¿’™ ´©x ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’h†o N≠æߪ’ç: †OØ˛, ®Ω´’-ùÀ© Ææ綵«-≠æù í∫ûªç™ ïJ-Tç-ü¿E, Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo°æ¤púø’ Mahesh, Rakesh v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h-Ø√o-®ΩE. É™« í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’ reported speech èπ◊ ´÷®√a-©çõ‰, told, requested, ordered ÅE Past doing word ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.

Our, Your Mine, Yours Ours, Yours This ( These ( Today, Yesterday, Tomorrow

(-´÷, -´’-†, O’) (-Ø√-C, FC) (--´÷-C, O’C) -É-C) -É-N)

Their His/ Her Theirs That Those That day, The day before, The next day Then

-Ñ passage †’ Report îËߪ’çúÕ (English ™ Gí∫_-®Ωí¬). Kowmudi:

F birthday Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´îËa¢√®Ωç ††’o ÆœE´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’ÈéRx dinner É´¤y. Kavitha: †’´¤y punctual í¬ ´÷ Éç-öÀéÀ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 2:30 èπ◊ ®√. Kowmudi: Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJí¬_ Ç®ÓV È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ í∫’®Ω’h-îË®·, ؈’ ®√èπ◊çú≈ Öçõ‰ îª÷úø’. Kavitha: ´îËa-ô°æ¤púø’ O’ îÁ™„xLo èπÿú≈ BÆæ’-èπ◊®√! Kowmudi: ´÷ îÁ™„xL N≠æߪ’ç °æöÀdç--éÓèπ◊. ™‰ü¿çõ‰ †’¢Ëy -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÆœ ü∆Eo °œ©’´¤. Kavitha: Ç N≠æߪ’ç Ø√éÌ-C-™„ß˝’. †’´‹y-JÍé ûª†ûÓ îÁ°æ¤p. Kowmudi: Å™«Íí. ANSWER t Kowmudi asks/ asked Kavitha to take her to a movie and give her a dinner on her birthday next week. t Kavitha asks/ asked Kowmudi to go home to Kavitha exactly at 2.30 t Kowmudi then tells/ told Kavitha to remind her at 2 that day and see if she (Kowmudi) doesn't/ wouldn't come.

´®Ω-Ææí¬

t Kavitha asks/ asked Kowmudi to bring her sister along.

°j ´÷®Ω’p-©Fo Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•-öÀd îËߪ÷-Lq† ´÷®Ω’p™‰. ÅüË °æEí¬ îËߪ÷-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ´·êuçí¬ English ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o°æ¤púø’. É°æ¤púø’ O’JçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: †OØ˛, ®Ω´’ùÀ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√, imperative (Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ ûÁLÊ° sentences- 鬕öÀd

t Kowmudi then tells/ told Kavitha to leave her sister alone or call her herself.

Now Important:

reported speech, to + 1st Regular doing word lesson direct indirect speech speech

t Kavitha then tells/ told her to leave the matter to her, and just to tell her sister of it. t Kowmudi said OK.

ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç– éÀçü¿öÀ ™ îª÷Æœ-†ô’x.) †O-Ø˛èπ◊, ®Ω´’-ùÀéÀ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù†’, ™, ™ éÀç-ü¿ °æ-öÀdéπ-™ îª÷úøçúÕ. DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

1. Naveen (to Ramani): Leave your books with me. You take the other book and return it tomorrow.

µ Naveen told Ramani to leave her book with him and take his book and return it the next day.

2. Ramani (to Naveen): Please let me have both the books.

µ She (Ramani) requested him to let her have both the books.

3. Naveen (to Ramani): Take both of them and make sure that you return them the day after.

µ Naveen then told her to take both of them but to make sure she returned them the day after.

4. Ramani (to Naveen): Please allow me to keep them for at least three days.

µ She (Ramani) requested him to allow her to keep them for at least three days.

5. Teacher (to Ramani & Naveen): Stop talking both of you.

(ÉC í∫ûªç 鬕öÀd)

µ The teacher ordered them both to stop talking.

6. Naveen & Ramani (to teacher): Don't be angry, sir. Excuse us this once.

µ Both of them (Naveen and Ramani) requested the teacher not to be angry and excuse them that once.

7. Teacher (to Naveen and Ramani): Concentrate on the lesson. Keep your mouths shut or get out of the class

µ He (the teacher) ordered them to concentrate on the lesson, to keep their mouths shut or get out of the class.

8. Naveen (to Teacher): Please, sir, don't be cross with us.

µ Naveen then requested/ pleaded with the teacher not to be cross with them.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 15 -V-™„j 2006 Pridhvi: Hi Akash, I am very happy today. Akash: Are you, really? Why so?

(Å´¤Ø√? áçü¿’éÓ?) Pridhvi: My exam results are out and I have passed with a very high score. (

Ø√ exam results ´î√a®·. ؈’ î√™« ´’ç*´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ pass Åߪ÷u†’)

Akash: Congrats. That makes me really happy. You owe me and Varun a treat. (Congrats.

ÅC ††’o î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-®Ω’≤ÚhçC. †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊, ´®Ω’ù˝èπ◊ NçC-¢√yL.) Treat- Nçü¿’; Owe- ¶«éà Öçúøôç. He owes me Rs.100 = Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ®Ω÷.100 ¶«éà He owes his greatness to his father =

Varun: Have you heard what he has said? He has told us to decide and let him know where to go and when to go and he will take us there. He has told us too not to bother about expenses. How generous he is!

(¢√úË-´’-Ø√oúÓ NØ√o¢√? á°æ¤p-úø’ áéπ\úÕÈé∞«x™ ´’†ç E®Ωg®·ç* ¢√úÕûÓ îÁGûË ¢√úø’ ´’†Lo Åéπ\úÕéÀ BÆæ’èπ◊-¢Á∞¡-û√-†E ÅØ√oúø’. ê®Ω’a© N≠æߪ’ç °æöÀdç--éÓ-´-ü¿lE èπÿú≈ ÅØ√oúø’. íÌ°æp Öü∆-®Ω’úË!) Akash: He is back. Pridhvi it will be tomorrow. We will to go the matinee show of Chilipi and then have a dinner at Shadrasa restaurant.

(°æ%Cµy ´îËa-¨»úø’. °æ%Cµy, Í®°æ¤ ´’†ç *L°œ ´÷uöÃo -≥Ú èπ◊ ¢ÁRx, ≠ævúøÆæ restaurant ™ dinner îËü∆lç)

(ÅûªúÕ íÌ°æpûªØ√-EéÀ ¢√∞¡x Ø√ØËo 鬮Ωùç)

Pridhvi: That's OK, then.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 185 Pridhvi: Who is coming here? Oh, it is Varun.

(á´®Ω’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√®Ω’? ã... ´®Ω’ù˝.) Varun: I heard you both talking about results and treat. What is it?

(O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷ àüÓ results, treat í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. àçôC?) Akash: Pridhvi has just told me that his exam results are out and that he has passed exam results with a high score marks pass Pridhvi

(ûª† ´î√a-ߪ’F, ûª†’ ´’ç* Åߪ÷u-†F É°æ¤púË Ø√ûÓ

ûÓ îÁ§ƒpúø’.)

Varun: That's great. Congrats Pridhvi. How about a treat then? Congrats. treat ( dinner)

(î√™« íÌ°æp

N≠æߪ’ç. ´÷õ‰-N’öÀ?)

´’J

Pridhvi: Akash has said that it really makes him happy and that I owe you and him a treat. I am ready. Just fix the date and time. treat (dinner)

(ÅC ¢√úÕE î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°-úø’-ûÓçü¿F, ؈’ ûª†èπÿ, Fèπÿ ã É¢√y-©F Çé¬≠ˇ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË ÅØ√oúø’. ؈’ ready. Date, time O’®Ω’ E®Ωg-®·ç-îªçúÕ)

Akash: Varun, you have heard what Pridhvi has said. He is telling us that he is ready, and to fix the date and time for the dinner. treat date, time

(´®Ω’ù˝, NØ√o-´¤í¬. °æ%Cµy àç îÁ§ƒpúÓ. ¢√úÕîËa èπ◊ ´’†Lo E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-´’-Ø√oúø’)

Pridhvi: Mom's calling me. I'll be back in a minute. You decide and let me know where to go and when to go and I will take you there and then. Don't bother about the expenses.

(´÷ Å´’t °œ©’≤ÚhçC. *öÀ-Èé™ AJ-íÌ≤ƒh. á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x™ O’®Ω’ E®Ωg-®·ç* Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°æpçúÕ. Åéπ\-úÕéÀ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡û√. ê®Ω’a© í∫’Jç* °æöÀdç--éÓ-éπçúÕ)

ÉC statement. Just fix the date and time - ÉC imperative 3. Pridhvi (To Akash & Varun): You decide and let me to know where to go and when to go and I will take you there and then. ''You decide and let me know......to go..." imperative.

ÉC

statement.

Spoken English

ÉC

(Imperative)

ÖçC.)

(ú≈éπd®˝ , ä∞¡Ÿx ¢ËúÕí¬ ÖçC. ¶«í¬ ï©’•’ îËÆœçC.) (statement)

Pridhvi (to Akash): My exam results are out and I have passed with a very high score.

M. SURESAN

direct speech sentence, statement form statement sentence. lesson report imperative etc. sentence)

°æ%Cµy Çé¬≠ˇûÓ Å†o

™E °j

™ ÖçC; Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo îÁÊ°p (´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ ™ îËߪ’ôç ØË®Ω’a(Çïc©÷, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, èπ◊-†oC – ûÁLÊ°) É°æ¤púø’ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œp† statement †’ report îËÊÆô-°æ¤púø’ (Reported speech èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’), that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. °j† °æ%Dµy Çé¬≠ˇûÓ Å†o ´÷ô-©†’, Çé¬≠ˇ, ´®Ω’ù˝ûÓ report îËߪ’ôç îª÷úøçúÕ. (Akash to Varun): Pridhvi has just told me that

Doctor: Take these tablets and you will be cured by the evening.

(Ñ ö«¶„xö¸q BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. ≤ƒßª’çvû√E-éπ™«x O’èπ◊ †ßª’´’´¤ûª’çC) (Imperative +

statement)

3. Doctor (To patient): Take a cold shower before breakfast if you want to keep fit.

passed with a very high score

INDIRECT (REPORTED) t Rama Rao asks his son to wait there till he comes back. Vinai asks/ requests his father to come back early. He says that he is hungry.

(ûª†’ AJ-íÌîËa´®Ωèπ◊ Åéπ\úË Öçúø-´’E éÌúø’èπ◊ûÓ ®√´÷-®√´¤ Åçô’-Ø√oúø’. N†ß˝’ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o†’ ûªy®Ωí¬ ®Ω´’tE Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ûª†èπ◊ Çéπ-Lí¬ Öçü¿E Åçô’-Ø√oúø’.)

t The patient has complained to the doctor that she has a temperature and a severe cold.

The doctor advises her to take those tablets and says that she will be cured by the evening. (Patient tor

ûª†èπ◊ temperature, ï©’•’í¬ Öçü¿E docûÓ îÁ°œpçC. Doctor Ç tablets BÆæ’-éÓ-´’E Ææ©£æ… É*a, ≤ƒßª’çvû√E-éπ™«x †ßª’-´’-´¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E ÅØ√oúø’)

4. Sumathi (To Sumanth): You've wasted your time and money and that's why you are in trouble now.

t The doctor tells the patient to take a cold shower before breakfast if he/ she wants to be fit. breakfast doctor, t Sumathi is telling Sumanth that he has wasted his time and money and that's why he is in trouble now.

(†’´¤y time, úø•’s, ´%ü∑∆ î˨»´¤. Åçü¿’´-™‰x †’´¤y éπ≥ƒd™x ÖØ√o´¤)– statement

(Sumanth ûª† úø•÷s, time ´%ü∑∆ î˨»-úøF, Åçü¿’´--™‰x éπ≥ƒd™x ÖØ√o-úøF Sumathi ÅçöçC.)

(Ç®Óí∫uçí¬ Öçú≈©çõ‰ îªFo∞¡x ≤ƒo†ç îÁß˝’) –

breakfast Imperative

´·çü¿’

(Ç®Óí∫uçí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰ ´·çü¿’ îªFo∞¡x ®ÓTûÓ Åçô’-Ø√oúø’) ≤ƒo†ç îËߪ’-´’E

5. Teacher (To students): Imitate my pronunciation if you want to speak well.

t The teacher is telling/ is asking the students to imitate her if they want to speak well.

(O’®Ω’ ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ Ø√ Ö-î√a®Ωù ņ’-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ) – Imperative

(¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ ûª††’ ņ’-éπ-Jç-îª-´’E Nü∆u-®Ω’n©ûÓ teacher ÅçöçC.)

his exam results are out and that he has

He says that he is .. EXERCISE

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Akash ´®Ω’ù˝ûÓ îÁ°æpôç (°æ%Cµy ņo N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo) that ûÓ begin Å´ôç; N’í∫û√ ´÷®Ω’p-©Fo ´÷´‚™‰ éπü∆. Look at the following table.

éÀçC´Fo èπÿú≈

statements, imperatives.

1. Akash (To Pridhvi): That makes me really

Just fix the date and time. - I am ready -

(؈’ AJ-íÌîËa´®Ωèπ◊ Ééπ\úË Öçúø’.)

2. Patient: Doctor, I have a temperature and a severe cold.

INDIRECT SPEECH

2. Pridhvi (To Varun & Akash): I am ready.

DIRECT 1. Rama Rao: Wait here till I come back.

(ûªy®Ωí¬ ®√ -Ø√-Ø√-o, Ø√èπ◊ ÇéπLí¬

t Pridhvi reporting Akash's words to Varun: Akash has said that it really makes him happy and that I owe you and Akash a treat tAkash reporting Pridhvi's words to Varun: He is telling us that he is ready, and to fix the date and time. 'he is ready' - statement that 'fix the date and time' imperative to begin t Varun reporting Pridhvi's words to Akash: He has told us to decide and let him know where to go and when to go, and that he will take us there. 'He has told.. to go' imperative to 'he will take us there' statement that begin

happy. You owe me and Varun a treat

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç Imperative sentences -†’, statements †÷ Reported (Indirect) speech ™éÀ ´÷®Ωaôç îËߪ’ôç) ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷ü∆lç:

(Report

Vinai: Please come back early, dad. I am hungry. (Imperative + statement)

Now look at the part of the conversation between Pridhvi and Akash at the beginning of the lesson.

DIRECT SPEECH

I will take you there-

II

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

鬕öÀd

ûÓ, 鬕öÀd, ûÓ

Å´¤-û√®·.

Ééπ\úø, 鬕öÀd ûÓ, 鬕öÀd ûÓ

´®Ωèπÿ

îË≤ƒhç.

Rajani:

ûÁ≤ƒh†’. -†-ØÁoçûª °ôd-´’ç-ö«¢Ó îÁ°æ¤p Sujani: Dozen ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©-éπçõ‰ ´ü¿’l. Åçûªéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢ÁjûË éÌØÌü¿’l. Rajani: ؈’ ûªy®Ωí¬ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh-†E ņ’-éÓ-´ü¿’l. Sujani: †’¢Áy-°æ¤p-úÌ-*aØ√ °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ÉCíÓ Ñ ´çü¿ BÆæ’éÓ... Sujani: ®ΩïF, †’´¤y market èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-ôx-®·ûË Ø√éÓ Rajani: ûÁ*a† ûª®√yûª É´¤y. dozen ´÷N’-úÕ-°æçúø’x BÆæ’-èπ◊®√ please. Put the following first in English and then report it (change it into reported speech. Use reporting verbs only in present tense. is telling/ tells/ has told/ is asking/ asks/ has asked etc.)

DIRECT

REPORTED

Sujani: Rajani, If you are going to the market, get me a dozen mangoes, please.

t Sujani is asking Rajani to get her a dozen mangoes if she is going to the market. t Rajani says she will, but is asking Sujani to tell her how much she wants her to spend. t Sujani tells Rajani not to spend more than Rs.100. t Rajani tells Sujani not to expect her back early t Sujani replies that it doesn't matter when Rajani comes back and asks her to take Rs.100. t Rajani tells Sujani to give to her after she returned.

Rajani: I will, but tell me how much you want me to spend. Sujani: Not more than Rs. 100 a dozen. Don't buy if it is more than that. Rajani: Don't expect me back early. Sujani: Doesn't matter when you come back. Take this hundred rupees. Rajani: Give it to me after I return.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 18 -V-™„j 2006

Kavitha: Vinitha, don't make a noise. Be quiet.

Å°æ¤púø’ á´®Ó Past ™ îÁ°œpçC, É°æ¤púø’ ´’†(NFû√, íÌúø´ îËߪ’èπ◊, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø’.) ´÷-ô™x ´’†ç ᙫ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç... Vinitha: Give me those sweets then, mom. He/ she/ they, told/ asked/ said/ ordered ÅE (Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y-ô’x É´y´÷t.) past tense ™ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææh Kavitha: You've already had a quite a lot. Be a ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. good child. ´’†ç -J-§Ú®˝d îËÆæ’h†o ¢√∞¡x ´÷ô-™xE Verbs ÅFo (É°æp-öÀÍé î√L-†çûª AØ√o´¤/ A-†o-C î√©’. Past tense forms ™éÀ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. ´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆)

(äéπ\ éπ-™«-éπçú˛ É´¤y.؈’ ´’Sx Åúø-í∫†’) Kavitha: That'll be one too many, child. No. Do your home work first. If you eat any more, you will fall ill.

Vinitha: Let me just one more piece of Kalakand. I will not ask for more. (ÉçéÓ

´·éπ\ éπ-™«-éπçú˛ É´¤y. ØËEçéπ ´’Sx Åúø-í∫†’.)

Vinitha asked her mother to let her have one more piece of kalakand and said that she would not ask for more. 'I will not... more'- statement 鬕öÀd, ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô°æ¤púø’ that -ûÓ begin îË≤ƒhç. will -†’ would í¬ ´÷®√aç í∫ü∆.

≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´·êu-¢Á’i-†-°æE Öçü¿F ÅØ√oúø’)

鬕öÀd) b) Ram: Come in Shyam and have a seat. Ram told Shyam to come in and have a seat. (Imperative, direct ™E come †’ ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ to come in ÅE infinitive í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.-

N’í∫û√ types of sentences †’ report îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤úø’, Reporting verb told/ asked ™« past tense ™ Öçõ‰, report îËÊÆ ´÷ô™xE verbs ÅEo Verbs, past tense ™éÀ ´÷®√aL; éÀçC Nüµ¿çí¬: -

Vinitha: Please... mom. Let me watch the TV for some time. I will do the home work later.

Direct

Reported

am, is, are

was, were

was, were

had been

1st RDW (come, go etc)

Past Doing Word

2nd RDW (comes,

(came, went etc)

PDW (came, went etc)

had + past participle (had come, had gone etc)

shall

should

will

would

tell/ tells/ is, am, are telling/ have, has told/ ask/ asks/ is, am, are asking/ have, has asked.

can

could

may

might

must

M. SURESAN

Kavitha, her daughter conversation (at the beginning of the lesson) N’í∫û√ ¶µ«í¬Eo É™« °æöÀdéπ UÆœ, report îËߪ’çúÕ. Reported/Indirect Speech ™éÀ ´÷Ja, -Gí∫_®Ωí¬ -v§ƒéÃdÆˇ

-v°æ-¨¡o: Mean while, However, So that, In order to, By way of °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’, ¢√úø’éπ ûÁL-ߪ’-îËߪ’çúÕ. – Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤, §ÒCL. Mean while -ï-¢√-•’: 1) v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÃ, ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u™ (Ñ ™í¬) a) The guests will be here in an hour. Meanwhile let us prepare a good meal for them =

ÅAü∑¿’©’ í∫çô™ ´îËa-≤ƒh®Ω’. Ñ ™í¬ ´’†ç ´’ç* ¶µï†ç ûªßª÷®Ω’-îËü∆lç.

b) I will be leaving in 10 minutes. Meanwhile I want to call my friend =

؈’ 10 EN’-≥ƒ™x ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o. Ñ™í¬ ´÷ -v°∂ç-ú˛éÀ -äéπ≤ƒ-J -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËߪ÷-©-†’èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. 2) È®çúø’ í∫ûª Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†-© π◊ ´’üµ¿u.. ¢Ë’ç ûª®√yûª ¢√®Ωç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√oç. Éçûª™ (Ç™-í¬)؈’ -Å®Ωçb -ö¸ °æE-O’ü¿ ´·ç¶„j ¢Á∞«x-™Ôq-*açC.

b) I met him five years later. Meanwhile he had got married =

Åûª-úÕE ؈’ âüË∞¡x ûª®√yûª éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o. Ñ -™í¬ Åûªúø’ °Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.-

However However èπ◊ äéπ Å®Ωnç but (é¬F, Å®·ûË). ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ but ûÓ sentence Ç®Ωç-Gµçîªç. Å®·ûË however ûÓ sentence Ç®Ωç-Gµç-îª-´îª’a. (´·çü¿’ îÁ°œp†

However– sentence ´’üµ¿u™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. a) The book gives very valuable information. However it is very expensive =

Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç î√™« N©’-¢Áj† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÉÆæ’hçC. é¬-F/Å®·ûË üµ¿®Ω î√™« áèπ◊\´.

b) I lent him my book, which, however, he never returned =

¢√úÕéÀ Ø√ °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√a†’. é¬E ¢√úø’ ´’Sx Ø√èπ◊ AJ-T-´y-™‰ü¿’.

So that So that Åçõ‰ Åçü¿’-éÓÆæç ÅE Å®Ωnç. a) He worked very hard so that he might get a rank = ´’ç* rank ´Ææ’hç-ü¿ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ

éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ îªC-¢√úø’.

b) She started early so that she might not miss the train =

È®j-©’ -ûª°œp-§Úèπÿ-úø-ü¿-ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ -ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l-JçC.

a) Inorder to: In order to pass you must study well = -§ƒÆˇ ÅßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ îªü¿-¢√L. b) In order to qualify for IIT entrance test you should pass Inter in the first attempt IIT entrance exam èπ◊ Å®Ω|ûª §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ -Éç-ô®˝

¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æߪ’-ûªoç-™ØË -§ƒÆˇ Å¢√yL. Å®·ûË, In order to ¢√úË -v°æ-A -îÓ-ö« to ¢√úÌa. ÉC simple, In order to éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕûªuç. ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç ´’ç*C. to î√©’. In order to Åéπ\-Í®x-ü¿’. By way of (Ç ®Ω÷°æç™) He received Rs.10 lac by way of dowry =

Åûªúø’ éπôoç ®Ω÷°æç™ 10 ©éπ~© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ -BÆæ’èπ◊Ø√oúø’.

b) Drona demanded Ekalavya's thumb by way of 'gurudakshina'.

vüÓù’úø’ í∫’®Ω’-ü¿-éÀ~-ùí¬ àéπ-©-´¤uúÕ ¶Ôô-†-¢Ë©’ ÅúÕ-í¬úø’.

had to

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..

have to has to

´÷ö«x-úÕ† ¢√J ´÷ô-™xE ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.

Exercise:

´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆!

N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ -Gµ-†oçí¬, ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ àüÁjØ√ N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒpLq-´ÊÆh, Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo however ûÓ îÁ§ƒhç)

should

Let us now try to report the conversation at the begining of the lesson between the mother and her daughter. (See above table )

-îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.

a) We agreed to meet the next week. Meanwhile I had to leave for Mumbai on urgent business =

goes etc)

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Imperative sentences †÷, statements †÷ reported speech ™éÀ ´÷Í®a-ô°æ¤púø’ Reporting Verb, present tense ™ É™« ¢√ú≈ç .

ûÓ report (Indirect) speech ™ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. (Åçõ‰ told/ asked/ ordered/ said ™«çöÀ verbs ûÓ) ¢Á·ØÁo°æ¤púÓ ïJ-T† Ææ綵«-≠æù Ñ¢√∞¡ -J-§Ú®˝d î˨»-´’-†’-éÓçúÕ.

´’ç* -Å-´÷t®·-N éπü∆. Éçéπ A†èπ◊.)

≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ø√èπ◊ ´·êu-¢Á’i-†- °æE ÖçC)

(£æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ é¬F. °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ûÁa-èπ◊E ¢Á·ü¿-©’ °ô’d. †’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’Ø√o´¤)

mother and daughter conversation †’

Kavitha told Vinitha that she had already had enough. She told Vinitha to be a good child and not to eat any more. 'You have already had...' ÉC statement. 鬕öÀd, that you had already had Å´¤-ûª’çC.

Subodh told Suketh to put it off to the next day and added/said that he had some important work in the evening (ü∆Eo ´’®Ω’-Ææ-öÀ-®Ó-Vèπ◊ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´’E, ûª†èπ◊ Ç

Kavitha: Come on. Get your books and start doing the home work. You are talking too much.

past tense reported verb

Kavitha: You have already had enough. Be a good child and don't eat any more. (É°æp-öÀÍé î√L-†çûª AØ√o´¤.

2. Subodh: Put it off to tomorrow. I have some important work in the ¢√®·ü∆ -¢Ë-≤Ú\. evening. (Í®°æöÀéÀ

Vinitha: I will tell dad too that you aren't giving me any sweets.

É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç

Vinitha asked her mom to give her those sweets (ûª†èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y-ö¸q É´’tE NFûª ¢√∞¡x-´’t-†-úÕ-TçC) Imperative- to give - infinitive.

Ææ’¶üµ˛, -Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç -E-†’o ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’- üµ˛†’ ™°æ-LéÀ ®Ω´’tE Åûª-úÕE Ç ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé∞Ïx èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡-ü∆-´’E Ø√ -Ç-™-îª-†.) Ç™- Öçü¿E îÁ§ƒpúø’)

The teacher asked Ram to show her, his home work. Direct speech ™E 'show' ´’†ç reported speech ™ to show -ÅE infinitive í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. – (Imperative sentence

(ÆæÍ®, Å™«Íí é¬E-ß˝’)

Vinitha: Give me those sweets then, mom (Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ -Ç Æ‘y-ö¸q É-´¤y)

Suketh told Subodh to come in and said that his idea was to take him to a movie that evening (Ææ’Íéû˝ Ææ’¶-

(Ééπ Ñ ®ÓV-éÀç-ûË / Ééπ Ñ®ÓV Æ‘y-ö¸q àç -™‰-´¤. †’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ Æ‘y-ö¸q Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´E Ø√†oûÓ îÁ-•’-û√-†’çúø’.)

You must have observed that the conversation between the mother and her daughter has only imperatives (Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©’) and statements. (äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sentences)

Kavitha asked (Past tense) Vinitha not to make a noise and be quiet. (éπ-N-ûª, NF-ûª†’ íÌúø´ îÁßÁ·uü¿lE, E¨¡z•lçí¬ Öçúø-´’E îÁ°œpçC) – È®çúø÷ Imperative 鬕öÀd, to make and be quiet Å-ØË-N infinitives.

1. Suketh: Come in Subodh. My idea is to take you to a movie this evening (®√

a) Teacher: Ram, show me your home work Direct speech.

Kavitha: OK. Go on then.

Kavitha: Vinitha, don't make a noise. Be quiet (íÌúø´ îËߪ’èπ◊, E¨¡z-•lçí¬ Öçúø’)

Reported (Indirect) Speech

today. I'm going to tell dad you are asking for too many sweets.

(Å´÷t.. Å´÷t... é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ -öÃ-O îª÷-úø-E-¢√y? Ç ûª®√yûª £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îË≤ƒh†’.)

Reported

Direct Speech

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. Suketh, Subodh ´÷ô-©†’ ´’†ç report îËÊÆ-°æ¤púø’ reporting verb, told, said ™«çöÀ (ÉçéÌéπ\öÀ áèπ◊\¢ÁjØ√ áèπ◊\-¢Áj-†õ‰x. ™‰ü¿’. past forms ¢√ú≈L. Åçü¿’-éπE Suketh, Subodh © ´·çü¿’ £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îÁ®·u. Éçé¬ Açõ‰, ´÷ô-™xE Present tense verbs is, have ™«çöÀ äçöÀéÀ -Å-Ø√®Óí∫uç -îËÆæ’hç-C.) ¢√öÀE was, had ™«çöÀ past forms èπ◊ ´÷®√aç. Vinitha: Then give it after I do my homework. Å®·ûË ´·êu-¢Á’†i N≠æߪ’ç (Å®·ûË £æ«Ù-¢˛’-´®˝\ îËÆœ† ûª®√yûª É´¤y.) Direct †’ç* reported èπ◊ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’, Imperative Kavitha: You are not getting any more for Sentences ™E Verb tenses ´÷vûªç ´÷®Ωaç.

(†’´y-Ææ©’ Æ‘y-ö¸q É´y-ôç -™‰-ü¿E Ø√†oûÓ Øˆ÷ îÁ§ƒh)

Direct

Look at the following

Vinitha: Let me have just one more piece of Kalakand. I will not ask for more.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 186

II

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

verb tenses

°j Nüµ¿çí¬

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 21 -V-™„j 2006 Manasa: Hi Lalasa, come in. Have a seat.

2) Reporting verb past tense said/ was, were saying/ told/ was/ were telling/ ordered/ was, were ordered/ etc lesson report verbs past tense forms 3) Imperative sentences report verbs 'to' infinitive tense Eg: See the table.

Å®·ûË (Åçõ‰

(®√, èπÿ®Óa) Lalasa: Thank you. I am dead tired.

(î√™« Å©-Æœ-§Úߪ÷) Manasa: Have some coffee then. It won't take more than a minute for me to make it.

(Å®·ûË é¬Ææh coffee B≤Ú\. éπ~ù«™x îË≤ƒh) Lalasa: Sure, that'd be most welcome.

(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈) Manasa: It's brewing now. Tell me why you are so tired. (coffee

Å´¤-ûÓçC. É°æ¤púø’ îÁ°æ¤p, -†’-´¤y áçü¿’-éπ-©-Æœ-§Ú-ߪ÷¢Ó) (brew = coffee ™«çöÀN îËߪ’ôç. ´’J-TçîË v°ævéÀ-ߪ’†’ brew Åçö«®Ω’) Lalasa: My boss is an evening walker. She wanted me to walk with her to her home for company.

(´÷ boss evenings †úø’-Ææ’hçC. ûª†-ûÓ§ƒô’ ¢√R}ç-öÀéÀ ††÷o †úø-´-´’çC) Manasa: So you walked. How far?

(Åçü¿’-éπE †’´¤y †úÕ-î√´¤. áçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç?) Lalasa: Oh, my! It is nearly four kilometers. On the way back I dropped in here.

(Ŷs, Ø√©’í∫’ éÀ™-O’-ô®Ω’x).

(AJT

Å®·ûË) éÀçü¿öÀ ™ îª÷°œ-†-ô’xí¬ îËÆæ’h-†o-¢√∞¡x ´÷ô-™xE ´’†ç ÅEoç-öÀE èπ◊ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. †’ îËÊÆô°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀ-™E ´·çü¿’ °öÀd îË≤ƒhç. 鬕öÀd OöÀ™x ´÷®Ω’p v°æÆæ-éÀh-®√ü¿’. DIRECT

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 187 Manasa: Don't regret. You have had a good exercise

(*çAç-îª-èπ◊™‰, ÅüÓ ´’ç*

exercise

)

Lalasa: Try it yourself now. You will then know what it means to walk four kms.

(†’´¤y †úÕ* îª÷úø’. Å°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC Ø√©’í∫’ éÀ™ -O’-ô®Ω’x †úø-´ôç Åçõ‰ àN’ö?) Manasa: Don't be angry. I said it just for fun. Here's the coffee. Have it and relax.

(éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊, ØËØËüÓ ûª´÷-≥ƒ-éπ-Ø√o-†’™‰. ÉCíÓ é¬°∂‘. û√T é¬Ææh Nv¨»çA BÆæ’éÓ) Lalasa: Thank you. You make very good coffee.

†’´¤y 鬰∂‘ î√™« ¶«í¬

îË≤ƒh´¤) Manasa: Choose good coffee powder. Have fresh milk about. That's the recipe for good coffee.

(´’ç* coffee §ÒúÕ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’éÓ. û√ñ« §ƒ©’ ûÁaéÓ. ´’ç* coffee éÀ ÅC Ææ÷vûªç.) recipe ȮƜ° = ´çô-é¬-EéÀ Ææ÷vûªç Lalasa: Thanks once again. lesson imperative sentences statements sentences) report

éÀçü¿öÀ

´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC, (Çïc©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©’ †’, (äéπ ûÁLÊ°) †’ N≠æߪ’ç ûÁLÊ° îËߪ’ôç. ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o ÉçéÌEo ´·êu N≠æ-ߪ÷©’: 1) Report îËÆæ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ says/ am, is, are saying/ has/ have said, tells/ is telling/ are telling/ have told/ has told/ ask etc present tense reported verbs report verbs tenses

™«çöÀ ¢√úÕ†°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç ´÷ô™xE ™‰ü¿’.

†’ îËÆæ’h-†o-¢√∞¡x ´÷®√a-Lq† °æE-

Spoken English

REPORTED SPEECH

1. Kanya: Stop talking, you, Sirisha. (Imperative)

1. a) Kanya is asking (present tense) Sirisha to stop talking.

2. Kavya: Sravya, I am going to town with sister. Please come with us.

2. a) (Present tense reporting verb) Kavya is telling Sravya that she (Kavya) is going to town with sister and requests Sravya to go with them b) (Reporting verb - Past) Kavya told Sravya that she (Kavya) was going to town with sister and requested her to go with them. 3. a) (Reporting verb - present) Suman is asking/ asks Kiran to take the book and read the lines underlined on page 23 and says that he will find what he need.

3. Suman: Hi Kiran, take the book and read the lines underlined on page 23. You will find what you need.

´îËaô°æ¤púø’ Ééπ\úø Çí¬†’)

(Thank you.

2

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

b) Kanya asked (past tense) Sirisha to stop talking.

b) (Reporting verb - Past) Suman asked Kiran to take the book and read the lines underlined on page 23 and said that he would find what he needed.

É°æ¤púø’ imperative combination ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Íé´©ç statements †’ ´÷vûªç ᙫ report îËߪ÷™ îª÷ü∆lç. Mallesh: Our friends will be here soon. We are going to have a jolly time with them.

(´’† friends éÌCl-ÊÆ-°æöx Ééπ\-úø’ç-ö«®Ω’. ´’†ç é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úø-§Òa.) jolly= Ææ®Ωü∆. A jolly fellow= Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ ÖçúË-¢√úø’ Kamesh: I hope they will have their dinner with us. We can go to a movie after that.

(¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†ûÓ ¶µï†ç îË≤ƒh-®ΩE ÇP-Ææ’hØ√o†’. Ç ûª®√yûª ´’†ç ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞Ô}a.) Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√ statements (äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sentences) éπü∆.

That'd be most welcome §ÚLa îª÷úøçúÕ. Reporting verb present tense ™ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, reported part ™ verb tenses ´÷®Ωü¿’. ÅüË reporting verb past tense ™ Öçõ‰, reported part verb tenses ÅFo past Å®·-§Ú-û√®·. É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îª÷ÆœçC reported part (äéπ®Ω’ ûª´’ ´÷ô™x Éûª-®Ω’©’ îÁ°œpçC report îËߪ’ôç) imperative sentences, and statements. É°æ¤púø’ at the beginning of the lesson conversation report îËü∆lç. DIRECT

INDIRECT Reporting verb present tense

1. Manasa: Lalasa, come in, have a seat. 2. Lalasa: Thank you. I'm dead tired.

1. Manasa asks Lalasa to come in and have a seat 2. Lalasa thanks Manasa and says that she is dead tired

3. Manasa: Take, some coffee. It won't take more than a minute to make it.

3. Manasa asks (offers) Lalasa some coffee and adds (says) that it won't take more than a minute to make it.

4. Lalasa: Sure, that's most welcome.

4. Lalasa assures Manasa that it is most welcome

5. Manasa: It's brewing now. Tell me why you are so tired. 6. Lalasa: My boss is an evening walker. She wanted me to walk with her to her home for company.

M. SURESAN

Reporting verb past tense 1. Manasa asked Lalasa ... (No change, because the reported part is imperative) 2. Lalasa thanked Manasa and said that she was dead tired.

Mallesh told Kamesh that their friends would be there soon and that they were going to have a jolly time with them. Kamesh said that he hoped they would have their dinner with them and that they could all go to a movie after that. Mallesh, Kamesh statements and that Another point:

4. Lalasa assured Manasa that it was most welcome

DEE

™ Öçõ‰ ÅC Åçö«ç)

5. Manasa tells Lalasa that it is brewing and asks Lalasa to tell her why she is so tired

5. Manasa told Lalasa that it was brewing and asked Lalasa to tell her why she was so tired.

6. Lalasa tells Manasa that her boss is an evening walker and that she wanted her to walk with her to her home for company.

6. Lalasa told Manasa that her boss was an evening walker and that she had wanted her to walk with her to home for company.

°j table ¶«í¬ study îËÆœ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. ÉçéÓ í∫´’-Eéπ: to come, to go, to see- É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE infinitives Åçö«ç. Infinitives †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ infinitives í¬ØË Öçû√ç. ¢√öÀéÀ tense Öçúøü¿’. 鬕öÀd tense ´÷®Ωaôç Öçúøü¿’. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç Imperative sentences †÷, statements †÷ report îËߪ’ôç (Indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷®Ωaôç) îª÷¨»ç. a) Imperative sentences report îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ, ¢√öÀ-™ xE verbs ´·çü¿’ to °öÀd ¢√öÀE infinitives í¬ report îË≤ƒhç. Don't ÅE Öçõ‰, not + infinitive îË≤ƒhç. b) Statements †’ report îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊, report îËÊÆ part †’ that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. OöÀ í∫’Jç* ÉC-´-®Ω™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.

°j† ņo È®çúø’ ûÓ éπL§ƒç.

îª÷¨»-®Ω’ -éπü∆: †’

3. Manasa asked (offered) Lalasa to take some coffee and added (said) that it wouldn't take more than a minute to make it.

(Oh, sure! direct speech report assures/ assured

îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’

È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ statements †’ éπL°œ report îËߪ÷Lq ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, äéπ statement èπÿ ÉçéÓ statement èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u and that °úøû√ç. Table ™ É™« Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. È®çúø’ statements éπçõ„ áèπ◊\-´¤-†o-°æ¤púø’ ´‚úÓ statements èπ◊, he/ she etc, added/ said further Åçö«ç. É°æ¤púø’ Mallesh, Kamesh conversation report îËü∆lç. Reported verb, past tense ¢√úøü∆ç.

Kamesh: I hope they will have their dinner with us report

îËߪ÷Lq-†-°æ¤púø’,

Kamesh said that he hoped ÅØ√oç éπü∆. -É-™« Ææ÷vûªv°æé¬-®Ωçí¬ ÅØË •ü¿’©’, Kamesh hoped that Å-†-´îª’a. ÉC simpler, natural.

É°æ¤púø’ report

more than two statements

ᙫ

îÁ-ߪ’-u-´îÓa îª÷ü∆lç:

Suresh: Hi Manish, I am happy that I finally got the book. I searched the whole of the market finally I found it in a small shop. This was the only copy available. four statements report (Indirect speech) tense, reported verb

Ééπ\úø OöÀE

Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. îËü∆lç. past Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tü∆lç.

Suresh told Manish that he was happy that he had finally got the book, and that he had searched the whole of the market. He added that finally he had found it in a small shop and that that was the only copy available.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 23 -V-™„j 2006 Bhavan: I called your home twice last evening, but there wasn't any response.

(؈’ E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç O’ ÉçöÀéÀ È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x Phone î˨»†’, é¬E á´®Ω÷ Bߪ’-™‰ü¿’) Mohan: We were all out at the exhibition.

(¢Ë’´’çû√

exhibition

You see that there are a number of questions in the conversation. Bhavan puts a number of questions to Mohan. We are now going to see how to report questions. (Questions indirect speech lesson

™éÀ ᙫ

You know there are two types of questions:

èπ◊ ¢Á∞«}ç)

(

´÷uî˝ N´-®√© éÓÆæç §∂ÚØ˛ î˨»†’. á°æ¤pú≈ ´÷uî˝?)

Mohan: There are two matches. What match are you talking of?

(È®çúø’ matches ÖØ√o®·. à ´÷uî˝ í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢˛?) Bhavan: Which of the two is this weekend?

1) 'Wh' questions - questions beginning with 'Wh' words what, when, where, why, who, whom, whose and how. begin questions

OöÀûÓ ÅßË’u Åçö«ç.

'Wh' questions

eg: What is your name? 2) Non 'Wh' questions: 'Wh' words

v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç-é¬E

eg: a) Is he your friend?

Ñ≤ƒJ ´’†ç 'Wh' questions †’ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™ (indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷®√a™) îª÷ü∆lç:

ûÓ)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 188

áéπ\úø Çúø-¶-ûª’Ø√oç?)

(ÊÆdúÕߪ’ç víıçú˛q™)

Reporting verb present tense 1. Do + 1st Regular Doing Word: do come, do know, do take etc.

Come, know, take etc.

2. Does + 1st Regular Doing Word: does come, does know, does take, etc

comes, knows, takes, etc

3. Did + 1st Regular Doing Word: did come, did know, did take, etc.

Reporting verb past tense Came, knew, took etc. (Past Doing Word)

(I RDW)

came, knew, took, etc.

(II Regular Doing Word)

came, knew, took, etc.

had come, had known, had taken, etc. (had + past participle)

Are you happy?

Bhavan: Who are our bowlers? bowlers

REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT

questions.

Mohan: At the stadium grounds.

(´’†

™ Ö†o questions report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, éÌEo ´÷®Ω’p©’ èπÿú≈ îËߪ÷L N≠æ-ߪ’ç™). See the table.

ûÓ

Bhavan: Where are we going to play the match? match

Direct speech (do, does and did

Where is he?

(Ñ ¢√®√çûªç™ ÖçúËC à ´÷uî˝?) team

†’

b) Are you happy? etc.

Mohan: It's the match with the team of 'The Nedu' group of publications.

(Å®·ûË ÅC 'ØËúø’— v°æ-®Ω-ù©

†’ ™ îª÷ü∆lç):

´÷®√a™ Ñ

Bhavan: I called you to know the details of the match. When is the match?

(Ñ

2

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

á´®Ω’?)

Mohan: I don't have the list.

(Ç ñ«Gû√ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’) Bhavan: Then who is the list with?

(Å®·ûË Ç

list

á´J ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çC?)

Mohan: It is with our captain Arya and the coach Guruprasad.

(´’† captain Arya ü¿í∫_®Ω, ÖØ√o®·)

coach

ü¿í∫_®Ω

Bhavan: I want to see it.

(؈’ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o) Mohan: Why do you want to see it?

(áçü¿’èπ◊ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?) Bhavan: I want to be sure that Manoj is on the team.

(´’ØÓñ¸ ÖØ√oú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅE E®Ωl¥-Jç- -èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.) Mohan: Don't worry. He is on the team.

(ÖØ√oúø’. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊) Bhavan: OK.

´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊, imperative sentences †÷, statements †÷ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™ (indirect speech ™ îÁ§ƒp™) îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. a) Imperative sentences (Çïc©÷, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫ôç ûÁLÊ° sentences)

Ñ ´÷®Ω’p©’ îËߪ’ôç î√™« ´·êuç. É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Bhavan, Mohan conversation report îËü∆l´÷? Åçü¿’™ 'Wh' questions, statements éπLÆœ ÖØ√o-®·-éπü∆? Direct speech ™E questions, reported speech ™ statements í¬ ´÷®Ω-û√-ߪ’E í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ (Åçõ‰ sub + verb word order Å´¤-ûª’çC).

Direct speech question

™ Ö†o †’ report îËÊÆô-°æ¤púø’ ü∆Eo statement structure (sub + verb) Question verb M. SURESAN subject helping verb main verb subject

èπ◊ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆: ™ á°æ¤púø÷ ´·çü¿÷ ü∆E ûª®√yûª ´Ææ’hç-C-. -™‰-ü∆ , ´Ææ’hçC.

-© ´’üµ¿u

1) Where is he? [Where + is (verb) + he (subject)?] 2) What is he doing? [What + is (helping verb) + he (subject) + doing (main verb)]

É°æ¤púø’ É™«çöÀ questions †’ report îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ 'Wh' word ûª®√yûª statement word order èπ◊ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. Åçõ‰ verb + subject/ helping verb + subject + main verb order †’, sub + verb í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. Kesav: Where is Shyam? Karuna: I do not know Let us report the conversation above:

eg: i) Get out (order) ii) Please come in (request) iii) Sit down (asking)

É™«çöÀ sentences (imperative) †’ report îËÊÆô-°æ¤púø’ Ñ verbs ´·çü¿’ to °öÀd infinitives í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. b) Statements (äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo -ûÁ-LÊ° sentences)

Reporting verb past tense

Kesav asks/ is asking Karuna where Shyam is.

Kesav asked Karuna where Shyam was.

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: speech Where is Shyam, report where Shyam is

reporting verb past where Shyam is where Shyam was

´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-C.

Åçö«ç.

Karuna replies that she does not know

Karuna replied that she did not know.

Direct

i) He attends classes regularly

™E

ii) They do not come here often iii) I had a tiresome journey

îËÊÆô°æ¤púø’,

Statements report

Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x 'that' ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* N’í∫û√ ´÷®Ω’p©’ îË≤ƒhç. É´Fo -É-C-´®Ωéπ-öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç. Now observe the conversation between Bhavan and Mohan at the beginning of this lesson.

Spoken English

Reporting verb present tense

í¬

(ÉC

statement)

Ééπ\úø

鬕öÀd,

•ü¿’©’

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED Reporting verb (present)

Reporting verb (past)

Bhavan tells Mohan that he called his home twice the day before but there wasn't any response.

Bhavan told Mohan that he had called his home twice the day before but there hadn't been any response.

2. Mohan (to Bhavan): We Mohan tells Bhavan that they were all out at the exhibition. were all out at the exhibition. (Statement)

Mohan told Bhavan that they had been all out at the exhibition.

Bhavan says he called Mohan

1. Bhavan (to Mohan) I called your home twice last evening, but there wasn't any response. (Statement)

3. Bhavan (to Mohan): I called you to know the details of the match. When is the Match? (Statement + 'Wh' question)

to know the details of the match and asks him when the match is.

Bhavan said he had called Mohan to know the details of the match and asked him when the match was.

4. Mohan (to Bhavan): There are two matches. Which match are you talking of? (Statement + 'Wh' question)

Mohan says to Bhavan that there are two matches and asks him which match he is talking of.

Mohan told Bhavan that there were two matches and asked him which match he was talking of.

5. Bhavan (to Mohan): Which Bhavan asks Mohan which of of the two is this weekend? the two is this weekend? ('Wh' question)

Bhavan asked Mohan which of the two was that weekend.

6. Mohan (to Bhavan): It is with Mohan tells Bhavan that it is the team of 'Nedu' group of with the Nedu group of publications (Statement) Publications.

Mohan told Bhavan that it was with the Nedu group of publications.

7. Bhavan (to Mohan): Where Bhavan asks Mohan where are we going to play the they are going to play the match? ('Wh' question) match.

Bhavan asked Mohan where they were going to play the match.

°j† í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆ Statements, 'Wh' questions †’ éπL°œ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™, Íé´©ç 'Wh' †’ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™. Questions ÅEoç-öÀE reported speech ™ statement word èπ◊ ´÷®Ωaúøç èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Exercise: Conversation at the beginning of this lesson N’í∫û√ ¶µ«í¬Eo °j† îª÷°œç-*-†ô’x, reporting verb, present tense, past tense È®çúÕç-öÀ™  report îËߪ’çúÕ.


questions order





-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù 25 -Vöµj 2006

-2

Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ

ú£ÙòÅ°ù£éö˺x ÍFo ÷ªìÙ ÷«æ°xè¶ ÷«åö¶ Íô³ ÑÙè¯Lqì Í÷ú£ô¢Ù ö¶ë]ª. Ó÷ôÁ àµí‡pì ÷«åLo ÚÛ«è¯, î¦üŒ‰x àµí‡pìåªxÞ¥ ÷«Ja àµð§pLq ÷ú£ªhÙC. Ð ·ôÙè[ª ú£Ùë]ô¦sÄö˺xì« ·ôÙè[ª í£ë]lÄ꟪Lo Ñí£óµ«Tþ§hÙ. ÖÚÛæ¨ ví£êŸu¤ÛÙÞ¥ ൛ípC, ÏÙÚÁæ¨ í£ôÁ¤ÛÙö˺ íÆ£ö°û¦ ÷uÚ¨h íÆ£ö°û¦ ÷«åõû¦oè[E ൛ípC. ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£éö˺ þ»Þœú£ª Ú¥î¦õÙç¶ Ð ÍÙø‹Eo ò°Þ¥ û¶ô¢ªaÚÁî¦L. î¦Ú¥uEo ÖÚÛ í£ë]lÄA ìªÙ# ÷ªôÁ í£ë]lÄAö˺ڨ ÷«ô¢aè¯EÚ¨ î¦uÚÛô¢éÙ ú£«vê¦õìª E¸ôlPÙ#ÙC.

ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ô¢ª? Visala: Where are you starting off so early?

(NvÚÛîª ÷ªìLo õÙàÂÚ¨ í‡Là¦è[ª. í£CÙæ¨ÚÛö°x ÷ªìÙ ñóŸª-ö¶l-ô¦L.)

Where (wh word) + is (helping verb) + he (subject) + going (main verb)? Questions (a), (b)õìª report ඛú-å-í£±pè[ª NªÞœê¦ ÷«ô¢ªpõª à¶ú£«h question ö˺E wh word ìª Íö° ÑÙà¶ú‡, NªÞœê¦ question part ìª statement word order (verb + subject) ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôa-óŸ«L. ÏÚÛ\è[ 'that' ô¦ë]ª.

ç¶ñªöËÀ – 1 àŸ«è[Ùè…. Î ·ôÙè[ª ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺x ÚÛ«è¯ Question word order ìª report ඛú-åí£±pè[ª Wh word šíæ¨d NªÞœê¦ Part ìª statement word order ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôa-óŸªè[Ù Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè….

Vinod: OK. I'll be back in time.

(ÓÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÍÙêŸ ê•Ùë]ô¢Þ¥ ñóŸª-õª-ë¶-ô¢ª-꟪û¦o÷±?)

(ú£·ôjì ú£÷ª-óŸ«-E¸Ú AJ-Þ•-þ§hö¶.) Study carefully the conversation above. You find a number of 'wh' questions in it. Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ lesson ö˺ ÷ªìÙ êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªÙC:

Vinod: To our maths lecturer's.

(÷« ÷«uëÇÂq öµÚÛa-ô¢ô ÏÙæ¨Ú¨.) To our maths lecturer's – Ïö° lecturer's ö˺ö°Þ¥ 's î¦è…ê¶ 'to' ÷³Ùë]ô¢

ÑÙ# – î¦RxÙ-æ¨Ú¨ Íû¶ Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC. To my friend's = ÷« friend ÏÙæ¨Ú¨

M. SURESAN

ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 189 Which maths lecturer do you want to go to?

Visala: What do you want from him?

(ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_ô¢ ìªÙ# ÔÙ Ú¥î¦-L?/-ÓÙë]ªÚÛª?) Vinod: I want to have tuition from him.

(÷« ›úo-꟪ö˺x à¦ö°÷ªÙC ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_-ô¢¸Ú îµüŒê¦ô¢ª, ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛE û¶ìª ÚÛ«è¯ ÍÚÛ\è…¸Ú îµüŒ‰êŸªû¦o.) Visala: How much does he charge?

(ÎóŸªì ÓÙêŸ Bú£ª-ÚÛªÙ-æ°ô¢ª?) (ÎóŸªì ë]Þœ_ô¢ û¶ìª å«uù£ûËÂÚÛª à¶ô¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙåªû¦o.) Visala: Which maths lecturer do you want to go to?

(Ô ÷«uëÇÂq öµÚÛa-ô¢ô ë]Þœ_ô¢ÚÛª îµü‹xõ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åªû¦o÷±?) Vinod: Mr. Ganak. He is the best in the town.

Vinod: I have to find out. That's what I am going for.

(û¶ìª ÚÛìª-ÚÁ\-î¦L. ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛû¶ Ïí£±pè[ª îµüŒ‰êŸªû¦o.) Visala: When do you think you can come back?

'wh' questions ìª report à¶óŸªè[Ù, (indirect speech ö˺ڨ ÷«ô¢aè[Ù) ÷ªìÙ àŸ«ú‡ÙC 'wh' questions ìª Jð¼ôÂd ඛú-å-í£±pè[ª question ìª statement form ö˺ڨ ÷«¸ôaþ§hÙ. Question: a) Where is he? Ð question ö˺ word order (÷«åõ Í÷ª-JÚÛ) Where (wh word) + is (verb)+ he (subject) b) Where is he going? Ð question word order:

2

Let us now try to report the conversation between Visala and Vinod at the beginning of the lesson. Note that we have to report both statements and 'wh' Question (table -2). ç¶ñªöËÀ –2ö˺ àŸ«ø‹ô¢ª ÚÛ믖 Question structure ìª statement structure Þ¥ ÷«ô¢aåÙ Óö°ÞÁ. Exercise: Ð Lesson ö˺E NªÞœê¦ conversation between Visala and Vinod ìª report à¶óŸªÙè…– Reporting verb, present tense, past tense ö˺ ÚÛ«è¯. Oªô¢ª practice à¶óŸªåÙ ÍÙç¶ ô¦óŸªåÙ ÷«vêŸî¶ª Ú¥ë]ª. Oªô¢ª ô¦ú‡ÙC, Oª friends

Ó÷-J-êÁ-ûµjû¦ GÞœ_-ô¢Þ¥ ·ôÙè[ª ÷´è[ª þ§ô¢ªx ÷«÷´õªÞ¥ ÷«æ°x-è[ª-꟪-ìoåªx practice à¶óŸªÙè…. Reporting Speech

Direct Speech

Reporting Verb (Present)

Reporting Verb (Past)

(Óí£±pè[ª AJT ô¦Þœ-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?) Vinod: Why do you want to know?

(ÞœéÚ þ§ôÂ. ÒüÉÁx ÎóŸªû¶ Þ•í£p-î¦è[ª.) Visala: Who suggested him to you?

(ìªîµyÙ-ë]ªÚÛª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?) (ÎóŸªì ÞœªJÙ# F·Ú-÷ô¢ª àµð§pô¢ª?) Vinod: Most of my friends go to him, so I am going to him too.

1

Visala: Vikram has invited us to lunch. We have to start here at least by 10. Reporting Speech

Direct Speech

Reporting Verb (Present)

1. Krishna: Where is your father?

(Oª û¦ìo-Þ¥-·ô-ÚÛ\è[?) Sathya: Why do you want to know?

(ÓÙë]ªÚÛª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o÷±?) 2. Madhavi: What are your goals? Prasanth: What do you advise?

Reporting Verb (Past)

Krishna is asking/ asks Krishna asked Sathya Sathya where her father where her father was. is. Sathya asks in reply why Sathya asked in reply why he wants to know. he wanted to know. Madhavi asks Prasanth what his goals are. Prasanth questions her what she advises.

1. They have been able to keep their promise Structure: have been above to + P.V.

ví£øŒo:

2. He might have been able to do the job structure: might have been able to + P.V. 3. She must have been able to persuade him to marry her. structure: must have been able to + P.V. šíj

î¦Ú¥uõ í£²Jh Íô¦nEo, Ñí£-óµ«-Þ¥Eo N÷-JÙ-àŸ-Þœ-õô¢ª. – ÓúÃ. -ìª-DlûËÂ, ÚÛô¢«oõª

Madhavi asked Prasanth what his goals were. Prasanth questioned her what she advised.

1. Visala: (to Vinod) Where are you starting off so early? Vinod: To our maths lecturer's

Visala asks Vinod where Visala asked Vinod where he is starting off so early. he was starting off so early. Vinod replies that it is to Vinod replied that it was to their maths lecturer's. their maths lecturer's.

2. Visala: What do you want from him?

Visala asks Vinod what he Visala asked Vinod what wants from him. he wanted from him.

Vinod: I want to have tuition from him.

Vinod tells her he wants to Vinod told her he wanted have tuition from him. to have his tuition from him. Visala asks Vinod which Visala asked Vinod which maths lecturer he wants to maths lecturer he wanted go to. to go to.

3. Visala: Which maths lecturer do you want to go to.

Vinod: Mr. Ganak. He is the best in the town.

Vinod says/ replies that he wants to go Mr. Ganak (and adds that) he is the best in the town.

1. They have been able to keep their promise = They have kept their promise.

(ôÁè[xFo êŸè…Þ¥ Ñû¦oô³. ô¦vA ÷ô¢{Ù ÚÛªJú‡ ÑÙè¯L– ÚÛªJ-ú‡ÙC). ví£øŒo: 1. Gup Íô¢nÙ ÔNªæ˺ N÷-JÙ#, ë¯EE Ô (î¦üŒ‰x êŸ÷ª ÷«åìª Eõ-òµ-åªd-ÚÁ-Þœ-L-Þ¥ô¢ª– Eõ-òµ-åªd-ÚÛªNëÅ]ÙÞ¥ Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hôÁ êµL-óŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè…. û¦oô¢ª) 2. Past participle (V3) N÷-JÙ#, Ñë¯--ô¢2. He might have been able to do the job = éõª êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè…. Perhaps (ñø‹)he did the job/ did not do the – þ§ï‡°B Në¯u-÷ªÙ-CôÂ, íÆ£ê¶hí£±ô¢Ù job. áî¦ñª: 1. Gup Íû¶ ÷«å û¦ÚÛª êµL-ú‡-ìÙ-êŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛ« (ÍêŸè[ª Îí£E à¶óŸª-ÞœLT ÑÙè[÷àŸªa, ÞœêŸÙö˺ à¶ú‡ ö¶ë]ª. Guppy Íû¶C ÖÚÛ ô¢ÚÛ-iì à¶í£. ÑÙè[÷àŸªa ö¶ë¯ à¶óŸª-ÚÛ-ð¼ô³ ÑÙè[÷àŸªa ÚÛ«è¯.) 2. Past participle: Object Ñìo Verb Past par3. She must have been able to persuade him ticiple ÚÛª ‘ñè…ì’ ÍE Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC. to marry her. a) The man seen here yesterday. (êŸììª šíRx-à¶-ú£ª-ÚÁ-÷ªE Î ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ ìàŸa-âµí‡p (Eìo ÏÚÛ\ àŸ«è[-ñ-è…ì ÷uÚ¨h – ú£·ôjì êµõª-Þœªö˺ ÑÙè¯L– ÍÙë]ª¸Ú ÍêŸè¯îµªìª šíRx à¶ú£ª-ÚÛª-û¦oè[ª) Eìo ÏÚÛ\è[ Oªô¢ª/ Ù/ î¦üŒ‰x àŸ«ú‡ì ÷uÚ¨h.) Compare: The roads are wet. It must have rained Spoken English ð§êŸ î¦uþ§õ ÚÁú£Ù Ú¨xÚ à¶óŸªÙè…...

Vinod replied that he wanted to go to Mr. Ganak (and added that) he is the best in the town.

b) The money stolen from the bank.

áî¦ñª:

during the night.

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

(ò°uÙÚ ìªÙ# ë•ÙT-LÙ-àŸñè…ì è[ñªs.) Past participle, verb Ú¥ë]ª. Be form

(am, is, are, was, shall be, have been, etc.,) + Past participle Íô³ê¶ verb Í÷±-꟪ÙC. Íí£±pè[ª verb, passive voice. a) Salaries were paid yesterday. (@ê¦õª Eìo Ï÷y-ñ-è¯fô³/ àµLxÙ-àŸ-ñ-è¯fô³.) b) The college will be closed from tomorrow onwards.

(Ú¥ö¶@ ¸ôí£æ¨ ìªÙ# ÷´óŸª-ñ-è[ª-꟪ÙC.) Past participle ìª adjective Þ¥ î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍÙç¶ ë¶ûµj¬oû¦ ÷JgÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨ î¦è[ê¦Ù. a) The murdered man was related to her.

(àŸÙí£ñè…ì ÷uÚ¨h ÎÚÛª àŸªådÙ.) PCÇ-õ-iì ÚÁå

b) The ruined fort =

-í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 27 -V-™„j 2006

2

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Arjun: Hi Nakul, well-met. How busy are you this evening?

(£æ…ß˝’ †èπ◊™¸, éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬ -ÖçC. Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç †’-¢Ëy-¢Á’i-Ø√ busy Ø√?) Well met - Ñ expression conversations ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ– éπ©-®·éπ ÆæçûÓ≠æç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. How busy - ÉC èπÿú≈ Practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

Nakul: Why are you asking?

(áçü¿’-éπ-úø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)

Arjun: I want to take you to a movie. Feel like it?

(ÆœE´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-ü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ®√¢√-©-†’çü∆?) feel like - ÅE-°œç-îªúøç

Nakul: (It) depends on the movie you take me to Arjun: How about 'Sarkar Mogudu - Seema Pellam'?

´’†ç Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC: 'Wh' questions †’ J§Ú®˝d îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, 'Wh' ûÓ begin îËÆœ, ü∆E ûª®√yûª ´îËa Vb + Sub/ HV + sub + MV order †’ Sub + Verb order í¬ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç. Eg:

a) Arjun (to Nakul): How busy are you this evening? report i) Arjun is asking/ asks Nakul how busy he is this evening. (Reporting verb - Present tense) ii) Arjun asked Nakul how busy Nakul was that evening (Reporting verb - Past tense)

DEo

ÉC ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Ë’-éπü∆? ´’Sx ÉçéÓ sample îª÷ü∆lç.

(ÆœE´÷†’ •öÀd îÁ§ƒh)

('Ææ®√\®Ω’ ¢Á·í∫’úø’ – Æ‘´’ °∞«}ç—èπ◊ ¢Á∞«l´÷?)

îËߪ’ôç:

b) Nakul (to Arjun): Why are you asking? Reported speech: i) Nakul asks Arjun why he is asking. ii) Nakul asked Arjun why he was asking. report (a) & (b) questions report Arjun is asking/ asks Nakul (Present tense), Arjun asked Nakul (Past tense) begin

É°æ¤púø’ °j† îËÆœ† †’ îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’,

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 190

™

î˨»ç éπü∆.

Arjun: How about 'Sarkar Mogudu - Seema Pellam'? Report: Arjun suggested 'Sarkar Mogudu Seema Pellam' conversation at the beginning of the lesson exercise practice Now look at the conversation below. Preethi: Hi Sruthi, do you fancy classical music?

N’í∫û√

í¬

(áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿C?)

´’†ç practice îËÆæ’h†oC Spoken English 鬕öÀd, É™« ´÷öÀ-´÷öÀéà reporting verbs

áçü¿’èπ◊ îª÷∞Ï}ü¿’? É°æp-öÀéÀ 75

®ÓV-™„jçC) Nakul: OK. But what's the occasion for your taking me to the movie?

(ÅC-ÆæÍ®. ††’o à Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç™ ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) Arjun: O Nakul, why do you forget things so early? I've got admission in Sanketic college of Engineering, one of the best in the state.

(àçôçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ´’Ja-§Ú-û√´¤ †’´¤y? ®√≠æZç™ íÌ°æp-¢√-öÀ™x äéπõ„j† ≤ƒçÍé-Aé˙ Engineering college ™ Ø√èπ◊ seat ´*açC) Nakul: Oh, sorry I forgot it. I will make it. Don't worry

(´’®Ω-*-§Ú-®·-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’®√. ûª°æpéπ ´≤ƒh†’. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊) ´’†ç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Imperatives, statements, 'Wh' questions report îËߪ’ôç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. 'Wh' questions report ´’J-éÌçûª practice îËü∆lç. TABLE 1:

tell, ask, question etc. bookish

ÅE í¬ ¢√úË •ü¿’©’ ¢√öÀ ≤ƒn†ç-™ ØË variety M. SURESAN éÓÆæç wants to know/ wanted to know/ wished to know ÅE èπÿú≈ ¢√úÕûË Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. Åçõ‰, tell, ask, question ņôç ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’. Correct. é¬F É™« wish to know/ wishes to know/ would know/ wants to know É™«ç-öÀN Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úÕûË variety í¬ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈, Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. See table 1: É™« report îËߪ’ôç î√™« simple í¬ èπÿú≈ ÅE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. O’JC áçûª ¶«í¬ practice îËÊÆh Åçûª Ææ’©’-´-´¤-ûª’çC.

(¨»Æ‘Yߪ’ ÆæçU-ûª-¢Ë’-´’Ø√o Nçö«¢√?) É≠ædç

fancy = Sruthi: Why? Are you going to play any?

(àç, †’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o NE-°œç-îª-¶ûª’Ø√o¢√?) O’ü¿-í¬F, CD O’ü¿-í¬F NE-°œç-îªôç.

Play - Two in one

Nakul: (It) depends on the movie you take me to. Report: i) Nakul said it depended on the movie he took him to (Reporting verb - said - Past tense) ii) Nakul says it depends on the movie he (Arjun) takes him to (Reporting verb - says - present tense)

Report

Direct Speech Reporting verb - present Arjun: Hi Nakul, Wellmet. How busy are you this evening?

Arjun, happy to meet Nakul wants to know how busy he is this evening.

Reporting verb - past Arjun, happy to meet Nakul wanted to know how busy he was that evening.

Nakul: Why are you asking?

Nakul wants to know why he (Arjun) is asking.

Nakul wanted to know why he (Arjun) was asking.

Arjun: I want to take you to a movie. Feel like it?

Arjun wants to take him to a move and asks him if he feels like it.

Arjun wanted to take Nakul to a movie and asked him if he felt like it.

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ straight í¬ he wanted Ééπ\úø Arjun tells Nakul ņ- ¢√ú≈ç éπü∆, I want èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ he told èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË 'I want' †’ 'he wants' í¬ Nakul ņ-èπ◊çú≈. ´÷Í®a¨»ç. É™« ´÷®Ωaôç î√™« Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’çC.

Spoken English

Preethi: Do you like to listen to some of MS Subbulakshmi's? (MS Subbulakshmi

ÆæçUûªç à´’Ø√o

Nçö«¢√?)

Sruthi: Have you any of Balamuralikrishna's latest CDs? ( CDs Preethi: Don't you like MS? (MS Sruthi: Of course I do, I have listened to plenty of hers. I have yet to hear some of Balamurali's

Ñ´’üµ¿u ´*a† ¶«©-´·-®Ω-S-éπ%≠æg ÆæçUûªç ÖØ√oߪ÷?) FéÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü∆?)

Are you interested in cricket? Sarala: Don't you know?

(Å®·ûË é¬Ææh Çí∫’-û√¢√?)

Sruthi: Have you to search for it?

(ÅC ¢Áü¿-鬙« †’´¤y)

Preethi: Yes. Sruthi: Go ahead then. Can I have today's paper in the mean time? paper

Å®·ûË é¬F. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ñ®ÓV É´¤y. O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’ There are

many questions in the conversation above. There are all non 'Wh' questions. 'Wh' questions report Non 'Wh' questions report 'Wh' questions What, which, when, where, etc. 'Wh' questions. Non 'Wh' questions Sankar: Are you interested in cricket? Sarala: Don't you know? Non Wh questions report (Indirect Speech 1. Reporting Verb, is asking/ asks/ is quesif tioning/ questions/ asked Whether Sankar is asking Sarala if/ whether... questions word order (verb + sub2. ject/ helping verb + sub + main verb) statement order (sub + verb) See table.

Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç îËߪ’ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. É°æ¤púø’ îËߪ’ôç ᙫíÓ îª÷ü∆lç. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆: Åçõ‰, ™«çöÀ ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©ßË’u ´÷ô©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’ßË’u Åçõ‰ ÅN™‰E v°æ¨¡o©’.

É°æ¤púø’ É™«çöÀ îËߪ’ôç

™ îÁ°æpôç) ᙫ?

ûª®√yûª ûÓ é¬F v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.

ûÓ é¬F,

Ç ûª®√yûª

†’ í¬ ´÷Í®a≤ƒhç.

N’í∫û√ ´÷®Ω’p©’ èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç.

REPORT

DIRECT Sankar (to sarala):

Preethi: Will you wait for some time then?

îËߪ’çúÕ.

Are you going to play any? Nakul: How good is it? Arjun: Why haven't you seen the posters? (It's) seventy five days gone. (Posters

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ É≠æd¢Ë’. Å®·ûË ¶«©-´·-®ΩR ÆæçUûªç Éçé¬Ææh NØ√L ؈’)

Reporting verb - present

Reporting verb - past

Sankar asks Sarala if/ whether she is interested in cricket

Sankar asked Sarala if/ whether she was interested in cricket

Sarala asks Sankar in return if / whether he doesn't know

Sarala asked Sankar in return if/ whether he did not know

Look at the following. We are going to report part of the conversation between Preethi and Sruthi. Observe how we are going to report non 'wh' questions:

REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH

Reporting verb present tense Preethi: Hi Sruthi, do you fancy classical music?

Preethi is asking/ asks Sruthi if/ whether she fancies classical music

Reporting verb past tense Preethi asked Sruthi if she fancied classical music

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Report îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’ verb sub + verb í¬ ´÷®Ωôç. Sruthi: Why? Are you going to play any?

Sruthi wants to know (is askif Preethi ing/ asks is going to play any

Preethi: Do you like to listen to some of MS Subbu lakshmi's

Preethi asks Sruthi if she likes to listen to some of MS Subbulakshmi's

Sruthi: Have you any of Balamurali Krishna's latest CD's?

Sruthi asks Preethi if/ whether she has any of Balamurali's latest CD's

èπ◊ •ü¿’©’)

+ sub, HV + Sub + MV

Sruthi wanted to know (asked if Preethi was going to play any.

•ü¿’©’)

Preethi asked Sruthi if/ whether she liked to some of MS Subbulakshmi's

Sruthi asked Preethi if/ whether she had any of Balamurali's latest CDs.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 30 -V-™„j 2006 Pramod: (It's) days since I saw you. Where have you been?

Vinod:

Vinod:

Congrats. What prizes did you get? Did you participate in debate?

(îª÷Æœ î√™« ®ÓV-™„jçC. ÉEo ®ÓV--©’ -á-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o´¤?)

(ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’, FÍéç •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’ ´î√a®·?úÕ¶‰ö¸™ §ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o¢√?)

I had been away at the NCC camp and returned only this morning. Hasn't anyone told you of it? Haven't you called my home?

Pramod: I got prizes in three events - light music, debate and mimicry. Won't you see my prizes? Come in.

(´‚úø’ §ÚöÙx prizes ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. ©Lûª ÆæçU-ûªç, debate, mimicry ™. ؈’ ûÁa-èπ◊†o prizes îª÷úø¢√? ™°æ-L-éÀ ®√.) Event (É¢Áçö¸) – ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – Ææç°∂æ’-ô†. Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç .. §Úöà Åç¨¡ç – véÃúø©’, éπ∞¡©’ ´çöÀ Å稻™x.

(؈’ NCC camp èπ◊ ¢Á∞«}†’. Ñ®ÓV Öü¿ßª’ç AJ-íÌ-î√a†’. FûÓ á´®Ω÷ îÁ°æp™‰ü∆? -†’-´¤y ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ §∂ÚØ˛ îËߪ’-™‰ü∆?)

Vinod:

Do you want me to see them now? Mom's calling me over phone. I have to be at home M. SURESAN urgently. Show them to me when I come tomorrow.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 191 Pramod: Why didn't you tell me before leaving? Your college and home are so far off that I couldn't get any information. Moreover I was busy too, with our college cultural festivals.

It's days since I saw you (¢Á∞Ï}´·çü¿’ áçü¿’èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿÷? O’ O’ É©’x î√™« ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öçúøôç-´©x Ø√Íé N≠æߪ’ç ûÁL-ߪ’-™‰ü¿’. ÅçûËé¬-èπ◊çú≈ ´÷ college ≤ƒçÆæ \%Aéπ -Öûªq-¢√©ûÓ Ø√èπ◊ BJé𠙉èπ◊ç-ú≈ -§Ú-®·çC.)

(É°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE îª÷úø-´’ç-ö«¢√? Å´’t §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ÚhçC. ؈’ ¢ÁçôØË ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«xL. ¢√öÀE -ØË-†’ Í®§Ò-*a-†-°æ¤púø’ îª÷°œç.)

college,

Vinod:

Pramod: Do come down tomorrow. Just not

Did you participate in them? Did you get any prizes?

to see the prizes but to give me your company. Don't disappoint me.

(†’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o §ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o¢√? FÍé-´’Ø√o •£æ›-´’-ûª’-™Ô-î√aߪ÷?)

(Í®°æ¤ ûª°æpéπ ®√. Ø√ prizes îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ ÅE é¬ü¿’, é¬Ææh Ø√ûÓ í∫úÕ-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊. ††’o E®√-¨¡-°æ-®Ω-îªèπ◊)

Pramod: I did ofcourse, and won prizes too.

(§ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o†’. ´î√a®·.)

•£æ›-´’-ûª’©’

èπÿú≈

Vinod:

OK. Bye then.

Type of sentence

(Çïc©÷, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©÷, Åúø-í∫-ö«©÷ ûÁLÊ°) sentences

Method of Reporting (Reporting
Report

(äéπ N≠æߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° sen-

tences)

eg: Sushma: Sumanth, where are you? 4. Non 'Wh' question eg:

(Ééπ\úø,
Report

to

°öÀd

infinitive

îË≤ƒhç.

Kamala asked

îËߪ÷-Lq† ¶µ«í¬Eo

that

ÅØ√o èπÿú≈

to go away

ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC)

ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.

Report: a) Srikanth tells Rani that his sister has come back b) Srikanth told Rani that his sister had come back
Report question 'wh' word order (vb + sub/ Hv + sub + Mv) (sub + verb)

îËߪ÷-Lq†

¶µ«í¬Eo

ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç* question †’ statement word order

í¬ ´÷®Ωaôç

Report: a) Sushma is asking/ asks/ has asked Sumanth where he is b) Sushma asked Sumanth where he was
Report question word order

™«í¬

Kesav: Kedar, are you coming?

´·çü¿’,

lesson, (between Pramod and Vinod) has mixed sentences (Imperatives, statements, 'wh' and non 'wh' questions)

îËߪ÷Lq† ¶µ«í∫ç ´·çü¿’, If/ whether é¬F °öÀd °j example ™ †’ statement word order í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.

Report: a) Kesav asks/ is asking/ has asked Kedar if he is coming. b) Kesav asked Kedar if he was coming

Spoken English

REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH

Reporting verb present tense 1. Pramod (to Vinod): It's days since I saw you. Where have you been?

Reporting verb past tense

Pramod told Vinod that it was days since he had seen Vinod and asked him where he had been. (1st sentence - statement, 2nd sentence 'wh' question.

Pramod tells Vinod that it is days since he saw him and asks him where he has been.

Åçü¿’-´©x 1st sentence †’ that ûÓ, 2nd sentence †’ where + statement word order ûÓ report î˨»ç.) 2. Vinod: I had been away at NCC camp and returned only this morning. Hasn't any one told you of it? Haven't you called my home?

Vinod says he had been away at NCC camp and returned home only that morning. He asks/ is asking Pramod if any one hasn't told him of it and if he hasn't called his home.

Vinod said that he had been away at the NCC camp and had returned home only that morning. He asked Vinod if any one had not told him of it and if he had not called his home.

Pramod asks Vinod why he didn't tell him before leaving, and says that his college and home are too far off to get any information. Moreover he was busy too with their college cultural festivals.

Pramod asked Vinod why he had not told him before leaving and said that his college and home were too far off to get any information. Moreover he had been busy too with their college cultural festivals.

(statement+non 'wh' question) 3. Pramod: Why didn't you tell me before leaving? Your college and home are so far off that I couldn't get any information. Moreover I was busy too, with our college cultural festivals.

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Wh questions, statement combination Ééπ\úø. 4. Vinod: Did you participate in them? Did you get any prizes?

Vinod is asking/ asks/ has asked Pramod if he participated in any of them and if he got any prizes.

Vinod asked Pramod if he had participated in any of them and if he had got any prizes.

Pramod replies that he did, of course and won prizes too.

Pramod replied that he had, of course and had won prizes too.

Vinod congratulates Pramod and asks him what prizes he got, and if he participated in debates. ('Wh' question, non Wh question combination)

Vinod congratulated Pramod and asked him what prizes he had got and if he had participated in debates.

(Only non wh questions) 5. Pramod: I did, of course and won prizes too. (Statement)

EXERCISE: Report and practise aloud the rest of the conversation. Use both present and past tense reporting verbs. Compare your answer with ours: ANSWER:

Kamala is asking/ asks/ has asked Neelam to go away.

eg: Srikanth: Rani, my sister has come back 3. 'Wh' questions

verb

°æü¿l¥A)

Report:

eg: Kamala: Neelam, go away. 2. Statements

îËߪ÷-Lq† ´÷ô-™xE

É°æ¤púø’ Imperative, statement, 'Wh' question, non 'wh' question éπLÆœ Ö†o passage ᙫ report îË≤ƒh¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç. O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. The conversation at the beginning of the

6. Vinod: Congrats. What prizes did you get? Did you participate in debate?

´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ω π◊ report îËߪ’ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’- π◊†o sentences ®Ω鬩’, ¢√öÀE report îËÊÆ °æü¿l¥-ûª’©’: 1. Imperative

2

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH Reporting verb present tense

Reporting verb past tense

Pramod: I got prizes in light music, debate and mimicry. Won't you see my prizes? Come in.

Pramod tells Vinod that he got prizes in ... , and asks him/ is asking him/ has asked him if he won't see his prizes. He asks him to come in.

Pramod told Vinod that he had got prizes in ... , and asked him if he wouldn't see his prizes. He asked him to come in.

Vinod: Do you want me to see them now? Mom's calling me over phone. I have to be urgently at home. Show them to me tomorrow.

Vinod asks Pramod if he wants him to see them then. He says that Mom is calling him over phone and he has to be urgently at home. He asks Pramod to show them to him tomorrow.

Vinod asked Pramod if he wanted him to see them then. He said Mom was calling him over phone and he had to be urgently at home. He asked Pramod to show them to him the next day.

Pramod: Do come down tomorrow, just not to see the prizes but to give me your company. Don't disappoint me.

Pramod tells/ is telling Vinod to come down tomorrow, just not to see the prizes but to give him his company. He asks Vinod not to disappoint him.

Pramod told Vinod to comedown the next day, just not to see the prizes but to give him his company. He asked Vinod not to disappoint him.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 1 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006

2

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ranjan: Oh... Is it you, Kundan? What a pleasure it is to see you! It's nearly a year since we met.

-Nç-ü¿’ îËߪ’ôç, Ö™«xÆæç éπL_ç-îªôç).

(grove - ûÓô – äÍé ®Ωéπç îÁô’x-†oC) Kundan: Yes, I smell them. How tempting their very smell is!

(àß˝’, †’¢√y èπ◊çü¿Ø˛. áçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçüÓ E†’o îª÷-úø-ö«-EéÀ! Ææç´-ûªq-®Ω-¢Á’içC ´’†ç éπ©’q-éÌE)

(Å´¤†’. Ø√èπ◊ ¢√Ææ† ´≤ÚhçC. áçûª Çéπ-®Ω{ùí¬ ÖçüÓ ¢√öÀ ¢√Ææ†! tempting = Çéπ-J{çîË.)

Kundan: How pleased I am to be with you again!

Ranjan: Here you are. Have it.

(´’Sx FûÓ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ áçûª ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçüÓ-)

Ranjan: What a smart fellow you've grown into in just a year! (äéπ\ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ØË áçûª Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ ´÷®√´¤!) (smart = ´’ç* -

É°æ¤púø’ Ñ statement †’ report îËߪ÷L. ('that' •ü¿’©’, exclaimed ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√-L)

(Ç §ƒô áçûª ´’üµ¿’-®Ωçí¬ ÖçüÓ!)

É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç conversation at the beginning of the lesson™E exclamations report îËü∆lç:

ïJ-TçüÓ îÁÊ°p ´÷ô) Ææ÷n©çí¬ exclamation word order:

The conversation above (table-3) is a mixture of exclamation and statements. (Ñ lesson v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ Ö†o Conversation ™ Statements and exclamations éπL-Ææ’-Ø√o®· éπü∆) Å™« éπL-Ææ’-†o-°æ¤úø’ report îËߪ’ôç èπÿú≈ ÉçûË. ¢Á·ü¿ô exclamation †’ statement í¬ ´÷Ja, ü∆EûÓ §ƒô’ Éûª®Ω statement †’ èπÿú≈ report

Kundan: Haa.... how delicious it is! At my place of work, we don't get such fruit. How sweet!

2.

(-Å-•s... áçûª ®Ω’*í¬ ÖçüÓ! ؈’ °æE-îËÊÆ îÓô É™«çöÀ °æ∞¡Ÿx üÌ®Ω-éπ´¤. áçûª Aߪ’uí¬ ÖçüÓ!

3.

ü¿’Ææ’h-©ûÓ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´ôç)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

wh word + noun + Sub + verb

(í¬çDµ áçûª íÌ°æp Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úÓ!)

(ÉCíÓ, BÆæ’éÓ).

Ranjan: Take some with you when you go.

192

(†’¢Áy-∞Ïx-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo BÂÆ\∞¡Ÿx)

Kundan: Thank you. ´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊, imperative sentences, statements, 'wh' questions, 'non wh' questions report îËߪ’ôç (Indirect speech™ îÁ°æpôç) îª÷¨»ç

Kundan: My job requires that I appear smart. What a bore it is to turn out in these clothes everyday! You don't know. I have to get back again in a week.

(v°æA ®ÓV Ñ -ü¿’Ææ’h™x ûªßª÷-®Ω-´yôç áçûª NÆæ’íÓ Féπ®Ωnç é¬ü¿’. ´’Sx ¢√®√-E-éÀ ¢ÁRx§Ú-¢√L.)

M. SURESAN

éπü∆. É°æ¤púø’

exclama-

How sweet the song is! 'wh' word + adjective + Sub + Verb

How fast he bowls! 'wh word + adverb + Sub + verb. (Noun: üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’†ç ÉîËa Ê°®Ω’. Adjectiveí∫’ù«Eo ûÁLÊ° °æü¿ç. Adverb - verb ûÁ™‰p °æE ᙫ

wh word + noun/adjective/adverb + subject + verb. What a leader Gandhi was! = ÉC Gandhi was a very great leader ÅE ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ îÁ°æpôç. Å™«Íí The Taj Mahal is very beautiful - Ñ statement †’ ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ explanation ®Ω÷°æç™

îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰

Ranjan: Here's something for a change, don't worry.

(-É°æ¤p-úø’ é¬Ææh ´÷®Ω’p -éπ-L-T-ç-îË-C -Öç-C-™‰. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊)

Ç §ƒô áçûª ´’üµ¿’-®Ωçí¬ ÖçüÓ!

Kundan: What is it? Ranjan: You are here just when I am about to have a mango. Happy. Let me treat you to some wonderful mangoes. They are from our own groves! fresh, fleshy and juicy. (´’ç* time éÌî√a´¤, ؈’ ´÷N’úÕ °æçúø’

tions

(Ǩ¡a-®√uEo ûÁ™‰p ¢√é¬u©’/ £æ«®∏√-ûª’hí¬ ´’†èπ◊ éπLÍí ¶µ«¢√-©†’ ûÁ™‰p ¢√é¬u©’)†’ ᙫ report îËߪ÷™ îª÷ü∆lç: Let us first study the word order in an exclamation. (´’†ç ´·çü¿’ exclamation ™ word order-

A†-¶-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’. ´’ç* ´÷N’úÕ °æ∞¡xûÓ Fèπ◊ Nçü¿’ îËߪ’F. ÅN ´÷ ûÓô-™¢Ë. û√ñ«-N, éπçúø, ®ΩÆæç Ö†oN. treat = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç, (´’†ç Éûª-®Ω’© °æôx ÖçúË -B®Ω’) doctor, patient èπ◊ ¢Ájü¿uç îËߪ’ôç. Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç–

Look at the following exclamations: 1. What a leader Gandhi was!

STATEMENT The day is very cold

(áçûª îªLí¬ ÖçüÓ Ñ ®ÓV)

(Ñ¢Ë∞¡ î√™« îªLí¬ ÖçC)

2. What a beautiful Car it is! (Ç car áçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçüÓ!)

The car is very beautiful (Ç Car î√™« Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçC)

3. How well she sings!

She sings very well.

(áçûª ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’hçüÓ!)

(Å¢Á’ î√™« ¶«í¬ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC)

4. What a building it is!

It is a very good/beautiful/big building.

(áçûª ´’ç*/Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/°ü¿l éπôd-úø¢Á÷!) (ÅC î√™« ´’ç*/Åçü¿-¢Á’i†/°ü¿l éπôdúøç) 2

Direct Speech The Tourist: How beautiful the scenery is !

3

DIRECT SPEECH

Report Reporting Verb-Present The tourist exclaims that the scenery is very beautiful.

Reporting Verb-Past The tourist exclaimed that the scenery was very beautiful.

http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

EXCLAMATION 1. How cold the day is!

(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 1 îª÷úøçúÕ.)

Spoken English -éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ. URL:

1

´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ îª÷ü∆lç)

INDIRECT SPEECH -REPORT Reporting verb Present tense

Ranjan: What a pleas- Ranjan exclaims (to Kundan/on ure it is to see you! seeing Kundan) that It is a great pleasure to see him..

How beautiful the Taj Mahal is! ņ-´îª ’a. (û√ñ¸´’£æ«™¸ áçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçüÓ!– ÉC exclamation- DØËo statementí¬ îÁÊ°h, The Taj Mahal is very beautiful Åçö«ç. Direct Speech™E exclamation †’ report îËߪ÷©çõ‰, ´·çü¿’ ¢√öÀE statement í¬ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊çö«ç.

Reporting verb Past tense Ranjan exclaimed (to Kundan/on seeing Kundan) that it was a great pleasure to see him)

í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπ-ü∆. What a pleasure it is to see you! ÅØË exclamation†’ ¢Á·ü¿ô statement form™éÀ ´÷®√aç: It is a great pleasure to see him. ü∆Eo report î˨»ç. exclaims/exclaimed ÅØË reporting verb-ûÓ

¢Á·-ü¿ô ´’†ç report îËߪ÷-Lq† exclamation †’ É™« statement ™éÀ ´÷Ja, Ç ûª®√yûª statement †’ report îËÆ œ-†-ô’d that ûÓ begin îËÆ œ report îËߪ÷L.

The Tourist: How beautiful the Scenery is! É°æ¤-úø’- ´’-†ç °j exclamation -†’ report îËߪ÷L. Åç-ûªèπ◊ ´·ç-üË ´’†ç Ç exclamation †’ statement í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. (The scenery is very beautiful) ANSWER to the exercise

DIRECT SPEECH

Ranjan: Here's something for a change. Don't Worry

Kundan: What it is?

(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 2 îª÷úøçúÕ.)

(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 3 îª÷úøçúÕ.)

îË≤ƒhç.

eg: Direct Speech: Ranjan: Oh... Is it you, Kundan? What a pleasure it is to see you! It's a year since we met. Report (present tense - reporting verb) Ranjan surprised at seeing Kundan exclaims that it is a great pleasure to see him (and adds/says) that is a year since they met. Report (past tense- Reported verb)

Rajan surprised at seeing Kundans exclaimed that it was a great pleasure to see him, (and added/said) that was a year since they had met. Exclamation †’ report îËÊÆ full stop -ûÓ ÇÊ°Æœ, statement part †’ éÌûªh sentence í¬ èπÿú≈

îÁ§Òpa.

Eg: Ranjan surprised at seeing Kundan exclaims that it is a great pleasure to see him. He says that it is a year since they met. Exercise: Conversation at the beginning of the lesson N’í∫û√ ¶µ«í¬Eo ¢Á·ûªhç (StatementsûÓ Ææ£æ…) Present tense and past tense reporting verbs éÓÆæç report îËߪ’çúÕ.

(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 4 îª÷úøç-úÕ)

4 REPORT

Present tense Reporting verb

Past tense Reporting verb

Ranjan tells Kundan that there is something for a change and asks him not to worry.

Ranjan told Kundan that there was something for a change and asked him not to worry.

Kundan asks him what it is.

Kundan asked him what it was.

Ranjan: You are here just when I am about to have a mango. Happy. Let me treat you to some wonderful mangoes. They are from our own groves - fresh, fleshy and juicy.

Ranjan tells Kundan that he is there just when he is about to have a mango. Ranjan is happy. He wishes to treat Kundan to some wonderful mangoes. They are from their groves - fresh, fleshy and juicy.

Ranjan told Kundan that he was there just when he (Ranjan) was about to have a mango. He was happy. He wished to treat Kundan to some wonderful mangoes - they were from their groves - fresh, fleshy and juicy.

Kundan: Yes. I smell them. How tempting the smell is!

Kundan (says yes) and that he smells them. He exclaims that the smell is very tempting.

Kundan (said yes) and that he smelt them. He exclaimed that the smell was very tempting.

Ranjan: Here you are. Have it.

Ranjan offers the mango to Kundan

Ranjan offered the mango to Kundan.

Ranjan: What a smart Ranjan exclaims that Kundan has fellow you've grown into! grown into a very smart fellow.

Kundan exclaimed that he was very pleased to be with Ranjan again. Ranjan exclaimed that Kundan had grown into a very smart fellow.

Kundan: Haa... how delicious it is! At my place of work we don't get such fruit how sweet!

Kundan exclaims that it is very delicious. They don't get such fruit at his place of work. They are/it is very sweet.

Kundan exclaimed that it was very delicious. They didn't get such fruit at his place of work. they were/ it was very sweet.

Kundan: What a bore it Kundan exclaims that it is a big is to turn out in these bore to turn out in these/those clothes every day. clothes every day!

Kundan exclaimed that it was a big bore to turn out in these clothes everyday.

Ranjan: Take some with you when you go.

Ranjan asks Kundan to take some with him when he goes.

Ranjan asked Kundan to take some with him when he went

Kundan: How pleased Kundan exclaims that he is I am to be with you very pleased to be with Ranjan again! again.