Observation

Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

_______________________________________________________________________ _ SCIENTIFIC SKILLS : OBSERVATION KEMAHIRAN SAINTIFIK: PEMERHATIAN TIPS:  Observe the given diagram. Perhatikan rajah yang diberi  Find the result of the experiment (Responding Variable) in the diagram Cari keputusan eksperimen (pemboleh ubah bergerakbalas) di dalam rajah  Make comparison if two diagrams are given Buat perbandingan jika dua rajah diberikan.  Only write what you observe Hanya tulis apa yang anda lihat . EXERCISE 1

Diagram 1.1 shows an experiment to study the pressure produced by metal blocks, P and Q of the same mass. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tekanan yang dihasilkan oleh bongkah logam P dan Q yang mempunyai jisim yang sama.

Bongkah logam P

Bongkah logam Q

Plastisin

Figure 1.2 shows the effect on the plasticine when metal blocks P and Q were dropped. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan kesan ke atas plastisin apabila bongakah logam P dan Q dijatuhkan. Lekuk P

Lekuk Q

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

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Write down one observation from the result of this experiment. Tulis satu pemerhatian daripada keputusan eksperimen ini. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

Diagram 2(a) and 2(b) show an experiment to compare the reactivity of metal L and metal M with dilute hydrochloric acid. Rajah 2(a) dan 2(b) menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kereaktifan logam L dan logam M dengan asid hidroklorik cair

Buret X

Asid hidroklorik cair 5 g logam L

Asid hidroklorik cair 5 g logam M

(a)

Write down one observation for the above experiment.

Write down one observation from the result of this experiment. Tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen di atas. ………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………...

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

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Diagram 3 shows the result of an experiment to study the effect of different concentration of an antibiotic on bacterial growth. Rajah 3 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan antibiotik yang berkepekatan berbeza ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria.

Kawasan jernih

Cakera antibiotik berkepekatan tinggi

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

(a)

Cakera antibiotik berkepekatan rendah

Write down one observation for the above experiment. Tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen di atas. ………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………...

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Diagram 4(a) and 4(b) show an experiment to study the effect of antibiotic on bacterial growth Rajah 4(a) dan 4(b) menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan antibiotik terhadap pertumbuhan bakteria

Antibiotic disc (cakera antibiotik) nutrient agar Agar-agar nutrien

Koloni bakteria

2.4 cm

After 5 days

A

B

Selepas 5 hari

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Diagram 4(a)

Diagram 4(b)

Base on Diagram 4(b), write down one observation. Berdasar Rajah 4(b), tuliskan satu pemerhatian. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.1 shows an experiment to study the reactivity of metals with dilute hydrochloric acid Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.1menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kereaktifan logam dengan asid hidroklorik cair

Dilute hydrochloric Asid hidroklorik cair acid

Dilute hydrochloric Asid hidroklorik cair acid Bubble Gelembung gas

Bubble Gelembung gas

Dia

Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1 (a)

Magnesium plate Plat magnesium

Zinc plate Plat zink Diagram 5.2 Rajah 5.2

Write one observation for the above experiment. Tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen di atas. ………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………...

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

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Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show an experiment to study the electrical conductivity of lead (II) bromide. Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji Kekonduksian elektrik plumbum (II) bromida.

Elektrod karbon

Elektrod karbon

Pepejal Plumbum (II) bromida

Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1

Elektrod karbon

Elektrod karbon

LeburanPlumbum (II) bromida

Panaskan Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2

(a)(i)

Based on Diagram 6.2, what is your observation on the needle of the ammeter? Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, apakah pemerhatian ke atas jarum ammeter? ………………………………………………………………………………

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

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Diagram 7 shows an image formed when an object is placed infront of a convex lens. Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu image yang terbentuk apabila satu objek diletakkan di hadapan sebuah kanta cembung. Convex lens Kanta cembung

object objek

F

O

F

Image imej

Diagram 7 Rajah 7

(a)

Write down two observations of the image formed. Tulis dua pemerhatian bagi imej yang terbentuk. ....................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………...

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

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Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show an experiment to study the collision between trolleys of different masses with a plasticine block. Rajah 8..1 dan Rajah 8..2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji Perlanggaran antara troli yang berlainan jisim dengan bongkah plastisin

Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1

(b)(i)

What can you observe about the plasticine block after the collisin? Diagram 8.2pada bongkah plastisin selepas Apakah yang dapat anda perhatikan Rajah 8.2 perlanggaran?

(c)

What can you observe about the plasticine block after the collision? Apakah yang dapat anda perhatikan pada bongkah plastisin selepas perlanggaran?

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

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9

Diagrams 9.1(a) and 9.1(b) show an experiment to study the hardness of copper block and bronze block when the weights are dropped onto a steel ball. Rajah 9.1(a) dan 9.1(b) menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kekerasan blok kuprum dan blok gangsa apabila pemberat dijatuhkan ke atas bola keluli.

Weight Pemberat ( 5 kg ) Steel ball Bola keluli

Bronze block Blok gangsa Copper block Blok kuprum DIAGRAM 9.1(a) Diagram 9.1(a)

Diagram 9.1 (b)

The effects on the copper block and bronze block are shown in Diagram 9.2(a) and 9.2(b). Kesan pada blok kuprum dan blok gangsa ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.2(a) dan 9.2(b). Dent Lekukan

X Copper block Blok kuprum DIAGRAM 9.2 (a)

0.6 cm Bronze block Blok Gangsa DIAGRAM 9.2 (b)

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Write down one observation on the experiment. Tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen di atas. ........................................................................................................................................

10 Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show an experiment to study the effect of thickness of convex lens P and Q on its focal length. Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan ketebalan kanta cembung P dan Q yang berbeza ke atas jarak fokus.

different

Lens P Screen Light ray from distant object Sinar cahaya daripada objek jauh

Focal point

Focal length

Diagram 10.1 Rajah 10.1 Lens Q Screen Light ray from distant object Sinar cahaya daripada objek jauh

Focal point

Focal length

Write down one observation on the experiment. Diagram 10.2 Tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen di atas. Rajah 10.2

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Write down one observation on the experiment. Tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen di atas. ........................................................................................................................................

Answers Jawapan 1

Dent P is deeper than dent Q Lekuk P lebih dalam daripada lekuk Q

2

Volume of gas in burette X for Figure 2(a) is less than in Figure 2(b) Isipadu gas dalam buret X bagi rajah 2(a) adalah kurang daripada rajah 2(b)

3

Size of clear area for antibiotic disc of high concentration is bigger than antibioitc disc of low concentration Saiz kawasan jernih bagi cakera antibiotik berkepekatan tinggi adalah lebih besar daripada cakera antibiotik berkepekatan rendah

4

Size/diameter bacteria colony becomes smaller Saiz/diameter koloni bakteria menjadi kecil

5

Zinc plate release less bubble compare to magnesium plate Plat zink membebaskan kurang gelembung gas berbanding plat magnesium

6

Shows a reading Menunjukkan satu bacaan

7

Image is inverted and the size is smaller than object Imej adalah terbalik dan saiz adalah lebih kecil daripada objek

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Trolley Q formed deeper dent on the plasticine than trolley P Troli Q membentuk lekuk yang lebih dalam ke atas plastisin berbanding troli P

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Dent formed on copper block is deeper than bronze block Lekuk yang terbentuk atas blok kuprum adalah lebih dalam daripada blok gangsa 10

Lens Q has shorter focal length than lens P Kanta Q mempunyai jarak fokus yang lebih pendek daripada kanta P

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Observation

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