Memory Model Presentation

MULTI-STOREY MODEL OF MEMORY

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05/08/09

Tracy Keogh

MULTI-STOREY MODEL OF MEMORY

Richard Shiffrin and Richard Atkinson proposed the idea of the Multi-Storey Model 

THE MODEL –

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The model suggest the idea that memory can be known as a process of information that goes through several stores all of which have different characteristics. 05/08/09

Tracy Keogh

STORES OF MEMORY 

Sensory memory –

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Short term memory –

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Information enters the short term memory once it has been encoded and if rehearsed will be kept

Long term memory –

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This is where information is first taken in and held for a short time, a few seconds. It is here where the information is passed on to the short term memory. Sensory memory is visual, smell, touch and sound.

This is where information has been passed from short term memory. Here it will say and can be used in the future. (encoding in long term memory can be visual, acoustic or semantic). 05/08/09

Tracy Keogh

WHAT THE MODEL SHOWS The model shows us a simple way to demonstrate memory processes. –

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Also doesn’t explain factors like:–

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Doesn’t show us the reasons why we remember things we did not rehearse but sometimes can’t remember things we have rehearsed. How we learn to swim because we do not learn information like this from pieces of information.

Model is quite useful but doesn’t cover all angles of he thought process. 05/08/09

Tracy Keogh

ANALYSIS OF ENCODING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL Memory can be split into three stages. 

Encoded –

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Storage –

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This is the transference of information into code, creating a trace. This the stage where information is held ready for he future. In short term memory storage is limited, you can only store about 5-7 items at a time. Remembering things in chunks can help storage and make memory more effective short term but the Information doesn’t remain long unless it is repeated or rehearsed. The long term memory however can last indefinitely and It has a huge capacity.

Retrieval –

This is where information is retrieved from storage. If you are unable to retrieve the information it is usually because something has gone wrong in one of the three stages. For example faulty retrieval.

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In long term memory information is stored by association.

05/08/09

Tracy Keogh

NECESSITY OF ICONIC AND ECHOIC MEMORY 

Assessment of the Necessity of Iconic and Echoic Memory in Everyday Life!

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Iconic Memory –

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Echoic Memory –

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Iconic memory stores visual images for about half a second (an icon is an image). If in ordinary life we didn’t have iconic memory when we watched a film we would only see it as a series of still images.

Echoic memory stores sound for up to two seconds. If we didn’t have echoic memory we wouldn’t be able to understand speech and all we would be able to hear would be a number of unrelated sounds. 05/08/09 Tracy Keogh

STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE RETRIEVAL 

There are many ways to improve memory.

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Start with the seven memory rule. –

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You can use imagery techniques. –

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Remember seven things and as you improve use this rule to create subcategories and then when you need to retrieve the information it’s there. Exaggerate things to huge sizes and use more vibrant and distinctive images.

Reading out loud is effective Teaching other people the information.

05/08/09

Tracy Keogh