Members: Nguy Minh Hoang Pham Nhat Thao Linh Le Thi Huyen Trang Instructor: Vo Le Dinh Tam

Members:

Instructor:

Nguy Minh Hoang Pham Nhat Thao Linh Le Thi Huyen Trang Vo Le Dinh Tam

Foodborne illness (or food poisioning) is any illness resulting from the food spoilage of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food, as well as toxins (poisonous mushroom, ...).

 New words: Contaminated (adj) /kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd/: bẩn Pathogenic (adj) /pæθəˈdʒenɪk/: gây bệnh

• Acute poisoning

• Chronic poisoning

Happens after 30 minutes to few days. Eat comtaminated food, or food with a large amount of chemicals.

Doesn't happen immediately, gathers day by day, effects on metabolism. Eat food infected by chemicals for a long time.

 New words: Acute (adj) /əˈkjuːt/: cấp tính Chronic (adj) /ˈkrɒnɪk/: mãn tính Metabolism (n) /məˈtæbəlɪzəm/: sự trao đổi chất

At first, spoilage food changes our tastes, feels not good as usual. Ex: Spoillage milk tastes sour In common cases, we might nauseate, vomit, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, mild fever. Life-threatening food poisoning  New words: Nauseate (v) /ˈnɔːzieɪt/: buồn nôn including: Vomit (v) /ˈvɒmɪt/: nôn Diarrhea (n) /dɑɪəˈriə/: tiêu chảy Diarrhea persisting for more Abdominal (adj) /æbˈdɒmɪnəl/: thuộc bụng than 3 days Mild (adj) /maɪld/: nhẹ Urine (n) /ˈjʊərɪn/: nước tiểu Difficulty seeing or speaking Severe dehydration: Dry mouth, passing little to no urine, ...

From Ministry of Health, every year our country have 250 - 300 cases of foodborne, with 7000 - 10000 victims and 100 - 200 cases are reported death. The Ministry is also stated that 35% of death cases by cancer cause by dirty food.

• Bacteria

Campylobacter jejuni

Clostridium perfringens

Salmonella

Gram-negative bacteria Main reservoir is poultry

Gram-positive bacteria Can be found as a normal component of decaying vegetation Most common causes of food poisoning in the US

Gram-negative bacteria Are found worldwide in all warm-blooded animals and in the enviroment Infected through eggs, poultry, or food at cafeteria

Cause diarrhea, spread to the blood in individuals with AIDS

Normally, symptons associated with these are usually not seen until 12-72 hours of more after eating contaminated food.

• Bacteria However, in some cases, such as Staphylococcal food poisoning, the onset of illness can be as soon as 30 minutes after ingesting contaminated food. Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria Infected through eggs, cattle, poultry, salad, dairy products Causes vomiting, fever

 New words: Staphylococcal (adj) /stæfɪləˈkɒkəl/: thuộc chủng vi khuẩn Staphylococcus

• Viruses Viral infection make up perhaps one third of cases of food poisoning in developed countries. Foodborne viral infection are usually of intermediate (1–3 days) incubation period, causing illnesses which are similar to the bacterial forms described above. Rotavirus Most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children Rotavirus is transmitted by the fecal-ora route, via contact with contaminated hands, surfaces, and objects.

 New words: Incubation (n) /ɪŋkjəˈbeɪʃən/: sự ấp trứng Fecal-ora route (n) /'fi:kæl/: đường phân miệng

• Enterotoxins Enterotoxins can produce illness even when the microbes that produced them have been killed. It occurs mainly in cooked and processed foods due to competition with other biota in raw foods, and humans are the main cause of contamination as a substantial percentage of humans are persistent carriers of S. aureus.

• Parasites

Anisakis Lifecycles involving fish and marine mammals Infected through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood

 New words: Enterotoxins (n): ngoại độc tố Biota (n) /baɪˈoʊtə/: vùng sinh vật Substantial (adj) /səbˈstænʃəl/: đáng kể

• From bacteria, virus, parasite poisoning: Choose fresh food, prepare food properly, seperate raw a cooked food, eat cooked food immediately (about 2 hours), preserve well, guarantee food safety conditions,... Ex: Vegetable, which isn't washed clear enough, can be a threat cause food poisoning.

• From spoilage food: Do not use spoilage food, expired food, food has changed its smell, color, shape of the can,... Overused oil can be counted as spoilage food.

• From food containing chemicals Stay away from poisonous food, strange food,...

• Some more ways to prevent food poisoning: Wash your hands properly before eating. Use seperate chopping boards, knives for raw and cooked foods. Do not store to much food in the fridge. Always clean the kitchen, wash dishes after eating. Do not eat food from sidewalk, or unclean places. Keep your fridge under 5℃. Only use leftovers from the fridge within 2 days. Respect use-by dates.  New words: Chopping boards (n): thớt

• If you or anyone suffer food poisoning, you should: Re-hydration: You lose an enormous amout of fluids during a bout of food poisoning, so be sure to drink plenty of fluids. Medical assitance: Contact a doctor. If victim is still awake, nauseaous them in order to eliminate any poisoning causes. Then, let them drink orezol (functional food) to feel better. If victim has diarrhea, make sure them let all it out. After suffering foodborne illness, eat soup only.  New words: Nauseaous (v) /'nɔ:siəs/: gây nôn Functional food (n): thực phẩm chức năng