Malaysian Knowledge Content A. Table Of Content

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Contents muka surat page

Kandungan

KATA ALU-ALUAN PRAKATA INTIPATI

1

MENGUKUR ISI KANDUNGAN PENGETAHUAN

Pengetahuan dan Ekonomi Berasaskan Pengetahuan Pengukuran Kandungan Pengetahuan

xi xv xvii

3

FOREWORD PREFACE IN ESSENCE

1

MEASURING KNOWLEDGE CONTENT

5

Knowledge and the Knowledge-Based Economy

8

Knowledge Content Measurement

Metodologi

11

Methodology

Penutup

15

Conclusion

19

2

Kedudukan Malaysia Berbanding Dengan Ekonomi Peneraju Lain

19

Malaysia’s Position vis-à-vis Leading Economies

Penilaian Kesediaan Pengetahuan di Peringkat Industri

21

Assessment of Knowledge Readiness at Industry Level

Penutup

38

Conclusion

2

3

MENILAI KEDUDUKAN MALAYSIA DARI ASPEK PENGETAHUAN

MENGHITUNG KANDUNGAN PENGETAHUAN

41

3

ASSESSING MALAYSIA’S KNOWLEDGE POSITION

QUANTIFYING KNOWLEDGE CONTENT

Kandungan Pengetahuan Secara Agregat

41

Aggregate Knowledge Content

Analisis Berdasarkan Komponen Pengetahuan

42

Analysis of Knowledge Components

Jurang Perbezaan Antara Firma dan Dalam Industri

46

Inter-Firm and Intra-Industry Gaps

Kekangan Pengetahuan

50

Knowledge Constraints

Inovasi dan Hasil

52

Innovation and Outcomes

Penutup

58

Conclusion

Lampiran - Komponen Pengetahuan mengikut Industri

59

Appendix - Knowledge Components by Industry

4

BERINOVASI UNTUK KELEBIHAN BERSAING

71

4

INNOVATING FOR COMPETITIVE EDGE

Menggalakkan Inovasi - Dasar dan Strategi

71

Encouraging Innovation - Policies and Strategies

Profil Firma yang Berinovatif dalam Sektor Pembuatan

81

Profile of Innovating Firms in the Manufacturing Sector

Tiga Kajian Kes

87

Three Case Studies

Penutup

99

Conclusion

v

List of Boxes

muka surat page

Senarai Kotak

1.1 Indeks Pembangunan Ekonomi Berasaskan Pengetahuan

6

1.1 The Knowledge-Based Economy Development Index

1.2 Beberapa Definisi Terpilih mengenai Ekonomi Berasaskan Pengetahuan

9

1.2 Selected Definitions of a Knowledge-Based Economy

2.1 Pelaburan dalam Modal Sumber Manusia

22

2.1 Investing in People

2.2 Pusat Pembangunan Kemahiran Negeri

24

2.2 State Skills Development Centres

4.1 Beberapa Definisi Terpilih mengenai Inovasi

72

4.1 Selected Definitions of Innovation

4.2 Geran dan Dana Utama Kerajaan untuk Menggalakkan Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan

73

4.2 Major Government Grants and Funds to Promote Research and Development

4.3 Koridor Raya Multimedia

74

4.3 Multimedia Super Corridor

4.4 Status Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Masa Kini

78

4.4 Current Status of Research and Development

4.5 Profil Teknologi bagi Firma dalam Sektor Pembuatan

88

4.5 Technology Profile of Firms in the Manufacturing Sector

Senarai Jadual

List of Tables

1.1

Profil Firma bagi Kajian Myke

2.1

Ringkasan Penunjuk Penanda Aras bagi Kedudukan Pengetahuan Malaysia berbanding dengan Ekonomi Peneraju

20

Kekangan Pengetahuan seperti yang Dilaporkan oleh Firma, 2002

51

Firma yang Memperkenalkan Inovasi mengikut Industri, 2000-2002

53

3.1 3.2 3.3

4.1 4.2

vi

13

Hubungan Positif antara Inovasi Teknologi dan Pembolehubah Kandungan Pengetahuan mengikut Industri, 2000-2002

54

Sumber Maklumat bagi Inovasi mengikut Kedudukan Kepentingan, 1997-2001

86

Dana Ekuiti di bawah Malaysian Technology Development Corporation

98

1.1

Profile of Firms in the Myke Survey

2.1

Summary of Benchmark Indicators of Malaysia’s Knowledge Position compared with Leading Economies

3.1

Knowledge Constraints as Reported by Firms, 2002

3.2

Firms Introducing Innovation by Industry, 2000-2002

3.3

Positive Relationships between Technological Innovation and Knowledge Content Variables by Industry, 2000-2002

4.1

Source of Information for Innovation by Rank of Importance, 1997-2001

4.2

Equity Funds under the Malaysian Technology Development Corporation

List of Figures

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Senarai Rajah

1.1

Model Pengukuran Kandungan Pengetahuan

10

1.1

Knowledge Content Measurement Model

1.2

Profil Firma dalam Kajian Myke

14

1.2

Profile of Firms in the Myke Survey

1.3

Senarai Pembolehubah Paling Berpengaruh

15

1.3

List of High-Powered Variables

2.1

Modal Sumber Manusia - Pendidikan dan Latihan Pekerja mengikut Industri

2.1 27

Human Capital - Employee Education and Training by Industry

2.2

Akses kepada IT dan e-Dagang mengikut Industri

28

2.2

Access to IT and e-Commerce by Industry

2.3

Pemilikan Laman Web dan Penggunaan e-Dagang mengikut Industri

2.3 29

Website Ownership and e-Commerce Usage by Industry

2.4

Penjanaan Pengetahuan mengikut Industri

30

2.4

Knowledge Generation by Industry

2.5

Prosedur Rasmi untuk Menilai Kepuasan Pekerja dan Pelanggan mengikut Industri

2.5 32

Formal Procedures to Assess Employee and Customer Satisfaction by Industry

Perkongsian Pengetahuan dengan Firma Lain mengikut Industri

2.6 34

Knowledge Exchange with Other Companies by Industry

2.7

Management’s Awareness of Government’s Knowledge Economy Plans by Industry

2.8

Knowledge Preparedness by Industry

2.9

Current Knowledge Activities and Future Plans (up to 2004) by Activity

3.1

Aggregate Knowledge Content Measures by Industry, 2002

3.2

Cross-Industry Analysis by Knowledge Component - Knowledge Enablers, 2002

3.3

Cross-Industry Analysis by Knowledge Component - Knowledge Actions, 2002

3.4

Cross-Industry Analysis by Knowledge Component - Knowledge-Driven Output, 2002

3.5

Knowledge Gap between SMEs and Large Firms by Industry, 2002

3.6

Knowledge Gap between Domestic and ForeignOwned Firms by Industry, 2002

3.7

Knowledge-Content Gap by Industry, 2002

4.1

Innovators and Non-Innovators in the Manufacturing Sector, 1997-2001

4.2

Size of Innovating and Non-Innovating Firms, 1997-2001

4.3

Ownership in Innovating and Non-Innovating Firms, 1997-2001

4.4

Type of Innovating and Non-Innovating Firms, 1997-2001

2.6 2.7

Kesedaran Pihak Pengurusan mengenai Rancangan Ekonomi Berasaskan Pengetahuan mengikut Industri

35

2.8

Kesediaan Pengetahuan mengikut Industri

36

2.9

Aktiviti Pengetahuan Semasa dan Dirancang (sehingga 2004) mengikut Aktiviti

37

Ukuran Kandungan Pengetahuan Secara Aggregat mengikut Industri, 2002

42

Analisis Antara Industri mengikut Komponen Pengetahuan - Pemudah, 2002

43

Analisis Antara Industri mengikut Komponen Pengetahuan - Tindakan Pengetahuan, 2002

45

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

Analisis Antara Industri mengikut Komponen Pengetahuan - Hasil yang Didorong oleh Pengetahuan, 2002

46

Nisbah Jurang Pengetahuan antara PKS dan Firma Besar mengikut Industri, 2002

47

Nisbah Jurang Pengetahuan antara Firma Tempatan dan Firma Asing mengikut Industri, 2002

48

Jurang Kandungan Pengetahuan mengikut Industri, 2002

49

Pereka Cipta dan Bukan Pereka Cipta dalam Sektor Pembuatan, 1997-2001

82

Saiz Firma Berinovasi dan Tidak Berinovasi, 1997-2001

83

Pemilikan dalam Firma Berinovasi dan Tidak Berinovasi, 1997-2001

84

Jenis Firma Berinovasi dan Tidak Berinovasi, 1997-2001

84

4.5

Firma Berinovasi mengikut Hasil, 1997-2001

85

4.5

Innovating Firms by Turnover, 1997-2001

4.6

Dana yang Diluluskan di bawah Malaysian Technology Development Corporation, 1997-2004

96

4.6

Grant Approvals under the Malaysian Technology Development Corporation, 1997-2004

3.5 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

vii

SENARAI AKRONIM APEC CRDF DAGS DSTN2 EBP e-Dagang e-Faraid e-Kerajaan GRS ICT IGS IQR IRPA ISO IT ITAF I-TEX KDI KDNK MCSv5 MESDAQ MGS MIGHT MIMOS MOSTI MSC MTDC MyKe OECD P&P PIK PKS PORTAFOAM PPK PSDC S&T TAF TAF-W TDC TPSM TYPHIrapidTM UKM UNESCO UPE UPM USAINS USM UTM

viii

Kerjasama Ekonomi Asia Pasifik Tabung Pengkomersilan Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Skim Geran Penunjuk Cara Aplikasi Dasar Sains dan Teknologi Negara Kedua Ekonomi Berasaskan Pengetahuan Dagang elektronik Faraid elektronik Kerajaan elektronik Skim Kemahiran Semula Graduan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi Skim Geran Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Industri Jarak di antara Kuartil Penumpuan Penyelidikan dalam Bidang-bidang Keutamaan Pertubuhan Standard Antarabangsa Teknologi Maklumat Tabung Bantuan Teknikal Perindustrian Pameran Ciptaan, Inovasi, Rekaan Industri dan Teknologi Antarabangsa Indeks Pembangunan Ekonomi Berasaskan Pengetahuan Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar Mlabs Multimedia Conferencing System versi 5 Bursa Dagangan Sekuriti dan Sebut Harga Automasi Malaysia Skim Geran P&P Koridor Raya Multimedia Kumpulan Industri-Kerajaan Malaysia untuk Teknologi Tinggi Institut Sistem Mikroelektronik Malaysia Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi Koridor Raya Multimedia Perbadanan Pembangunan Teknologi Malaysia Penyiasatan Kandungan Pengetahuan Malaysia Pertubuhan Kerjasama Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Penyiasatan Inovasi Kebangsaan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana Portable Foam Generator Machine Pusat Pembangunan Kemahiran Pusat Pembangunan Kemahiran Pulau Pinang Sains dan Teknologi Tabung Perolehan Teknologi Tabung Perolehan Teknologi untuk Wanita Kelompok Pembangunan Teknologi Tabung Pembangunan Sumber Manusia Alat Pengesan Demam Kepialu Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Saintifik dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu Unit Perancang Ekonomi Universiti Putra Malaysia Kumpulan Syarikat USAINS Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

LIST OF ACRONYMS APEC CRDF DAGS e-Commerce e-Faraid e-Government EPU FTE GDP GRS HRDF ICT IGS INSEP IQR IRPA ISO IT ITAF I-Tex KBE KDI MCSv5 MESDAQ MGS MIGHT MIMOS MOSTI MPOB MSC MTDC MyKe NIS OECD PCs PORTAFOAM PSDC R&D S&T SDCs SMEs STEP2 TAF TAF-W TDCs TYPHIrapidTM UKM UNESCO UPM USAINS USM UTM

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Commercialisation of Research and Development Fund Demonstrator Application Grant Scheme Electronic Commerce Electronic Faraid Electronic Government Economic Planning Unit Full Time Equivalent Gross Domestic Product Graduate Re-skilling Scheme Human Resources Development Fund Information and Communications Technology Industry Research and Development Grant Scheme Industrial Skills Enhancement Programme Inter-Quartile Range Intensification of Research in Priority Areas International Organization of Standardization Information Technology Industrial Technical Assistance Fund International Inventions, Innovation, Industrial Design and Technology Exhibition Knowledge-Based Economy Knowledge-Based Economy Development Index Mlabs Multimedia Conferencing System version 5 Malaysian Exchange of Securities Dealing and Automated Quotation Multimedia Super Corridor R&D Grant Scheme Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysian Palm Oil Board Multimedia Super Corridor Malaysian Technology Development Corporation Malaysian Knowledge Content Survey National Survey of Innovation Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Personal Computers Portable Foam Generator Machine Penang Skills Development Centre Research and Development Science and Technology Skills Development Centres Small-and Medium-sized Enterprises Second Science and Technology Policy Technology Acquisition Fund Technology Acquisition Fund for Women Technology Development Clusters Typhoid Diagnostic Kit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Universiti Putra Malaysia (Putra University of Malaysia) USAINS Group of Companies Universiti Sains Malaysia (Science University of Malaysia) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Technology University of Malaysia) ix

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