Life And Works Of Rizal Written Report.docx

LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL Topic: HIGHER EDUCATION AND LIFE ABROAD, EL FILIBUSTERISMO Reporters:

Cayobit, Karen

San Jose, Aaron

Diaz, Francisco

Tangi, Vincent

Malabanan, Angelica

Verdial, Francisco

I. HIGHER EDUCATION: ATENEO DE MANILA (1872-1877) Four months after the execution of GOMBURZA and the imprisonment of Dona Teodora, Rizal was sent to Manila to enroll in Ateneo de Manila, formerly known as Escuela Pia. It was a charity school for poor boys established in 1817, and was under the management of the Spanish Jesuits in 1859. He was supposed to enroll in College of San Juan de Letran since he took and passed the examination, but instead continued in Ateneo because of his father’s choice. A. Entering Ateneo de Manila On June 10, 1872, he went to Manila accompanied by his brother Paciano to enter and enroll in Ateneo. Upon admission, Father Magin Ferrando, the college registrar, refused to admit Rizal for two reasons: (1) he was late for registration; and (2) he was sickly and undersized for his age. Rizal was just eleven years old when he went to Manila. It was because of Manuel Xerex Burgos’ intercession that he was able to enroll in Ateneo. Manuel was the nephew of Father Burgos, one of the GOMBURZA martyrs, whom the Rizals have a close relationships with. Also, at this time, Rizal was the first member of his family to adopt the surname, where most of his siblings uses Mercado, such as Paciano. It was because their family name “Mercado” had come under suspicion of the Spanish authorities. He first boarded in a house outside of Intramuros, owned by a landlord named Titay, whom had a debt with Rizal of about Php 300. To settle this debt, Titay decided to make Rizal stay at their boarding house. B. Jesuit System of Education The Jesuits are members of The Society of Jesus, a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church, which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The goal of Jesuit education is training for blind service to the church and absolute submission to the pope in Rome and the highest ranks of the Catholic Church. This system of education was more advance than that of other colleges in that period because: (1) It trained the character of students by rigid discipline and religious instruction; (2) It promotes physical culture, humanities and scientific studies;

(3) It offers vocation courses in agriculture, commerce, mechanics, and surveying, aside from Bachelor of Arts academic courses; (4) They were given splendid professors, and; (5) They acquired prestige as an excellent college for boys. The students attend mass in the morning before attending their daily classes, and Rizal first heard the mass on June 1872. It has two organized groups of students named the Roman Empire, composed of internos, or boarders, and the Carthaginian Empire, composed of externos, or non-boarders. Each groups ha a hierarchy composed of, starting from the bottom, Standard Bearer, Centaurion, Decurion, Tribune, and Emperor. The Ateneo students wear the system’s official uniform called Rayadillo, a striped cotton coat and hemp fabric trousers. The uniform was then adopted as the uniform for Filipino troops during the days of the First Philippine Republic. C. First Year 1872-1873 It was in June 1872 that Rizal first heard the daily mass organized by the Jesuits. His first professor was Father Jose Bech, who he described as a tall thin man, has small deepsunken eyes and a sharp nose alike as that of a Greek, and think lips forming an arc whose ends fell towards the chin. Father Bech was somehow related as to how Rizal became “emperor” in Ateneo. As a newcomer, he was an externo, and was placed at the bottom of the class for he knew little Spanish. But after a week, he showed progress and he improved his class standing. Eventually, he became the emperor after a month of progress. Because of his excellent performance, he was awarded a saint’s picture as a prize. His Spanish improved because he was taking private Spanish lesson at Santa Isabel College during recess and paid it for Php 3.00. However, at the end of the year he was placed second. He returned to Calamba for his summer vacation, and, accompanied by his sister Saturnina, he visited his mother at Santa Cruz, Laguna, where she was being imprisoned at that time. D. Second Year 1873-1874 Rizal lost the class leadership upon landing the second place before the end of his first year, and for that he repented for neglecting his studies and studied even harder, thus becoming the emperor once more. Because of his hard work, he received excellent grades in all subjects and was awarded a gold medal. On his summer vacation, he immediately went to visit his mother, who was still in prison. Dona Teodora told he son of her dream the previous night, and Rizal interpreted it as the release of his mother from prison in three month’s time. His interpretation came true, and Dona Teodora was released. Also, over the course of his summer vacation, he developed an interest in reading, and had three books he finished. His first favorite novel was The Count of Monte Cristo written by Alexander Dumas. The story was about false accusation, suffering, and revenge, which stirred Rizal’s boyish imagination, who was in his early teens. He also read non-

fiction literary such as Cesar Cantu’s historical work Universal History, which he persuaded his father to but a costly set of the book. His another favorite book was Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860. E. Third Year 1874-1875 He won only one gold medal for his Latin studies, and failed to win the medal in his Spanish studies. It was on the summer vacation of March 1875 that he returned to Calamba after his mother’s release from prison. F. Fourth Year 1875-1876 It was only in his fourth year that he became a member of Carthagian Empire upon becoming an interno on June 16, 1875. It was his favorite professor, Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez that discovered his talent in writing poetry and inspired him to study harder and write poetry. Rizal described as a “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils.” At the end of the academic year, he won five medals and had excellent ratings, becoming the “true pride of Jesuits.” He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest honors at the age of 16 on March 23, 1877. G. Extra-Curricular Activities o An emperor and a campus leader outside o An active member, later secretary, of Marian Congregration, a religious society. He was accepted because of his academic brilliance and devotion to Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, the college patroness. o Member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences o Studies practical studies under Father Jose Villaclara, who advised Rizal to stop communing with the muses and pay more attention to his studies o Studies pating under Augustin Saez and sculpting under Romualdo de Jesus H. Sculptural Works He carved an image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling, a Philippine hardwood, with just his pocket knife, which amazed the Jesuit fathers. He also carve an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, as requested by Father Lleonhart. He intended to take the image with him in Spain but forgot to do so, so the Ateneo boarders place it on their dormitory’s door. It played a significant part in Rizal’s last hours at Fort Santiago.

I. Poems o Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration): the first poem written by Rizal during his stay in Ateneo. He wrote this as a dedication to his mother for her birthday, and also as a celebration for her release from prison that same year. o El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes (The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet): a tribute to Ferdinand Magellan, the first man to colonize the Philippines o Y Es Espanol: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo (And He is Spanish: Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the World): a tribute to Magelan’s second in command, Juan Sebastian Elcano, who took over and completed circumnavigating the world after Magellan’s death o El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo): just as like his other poems, this piece is a reflection of Rizal’s liking for history o Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light): this poem expresses Rizal’s high regards for education and encourages Filipino to acquire education for them to be able to fulfill their dreams and improve their motherland o Alianza Intima Entre la Relgion y la Buena Educacion (The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education): Rizal wrote this piece to express his belief that religion should coexist with good education J. Dramatic Work Father Sanchez requested him to write a drama based on the prose story of St. Estace the Martyr. He finished that request on June 2, 1876 entitled San Estacio, Martir. K. First Romance Rizal’s first romance was Segunda Katigbak, a pretty 14 year old Batanguena from Lipa. He met her one Sunday, when Rizal was visiting his maternal grandmaother in Trozo, Manila, accompanied by his friend Mariano Katigbak and Segunda herself. She was studying at La Concordia College, the same institution where Rizal’s sister, Olimpia, was boarding. Rizal came to know her more intimately during his weekly visits to the college for her sister, whom was also a close friend of Segunda. Unfortunately, Segunda was already engage to Manuel Luz. II. HIGHER EDUCATION: UNIVERSITY OF SANTO THOMAS (1877-1882) A. Mother’s Opposition and Enrollment After graduating from Ateneo, Rizal had to go to UST for higher studies, as requested and approved by Don Francisco and Paciano. Despite this, his mother was completely opposed to this idea. After the traumatizing execution of the GOMBURZA, Dona

Teodora wouldn’t let Rizal to study more because of the fear that the Spaniards will do the same to him as they did to the martyrs. Rizal enrolled in two courses: (1) Philosophy and Letters (1877-1878) (2) Medicine (18878-1882) B. Philosophy and Letters On April 1877, Rizal entered the university at the age of 16. He enrolled in the program mainly because of two reasons: his father, Don Francisco, liked it, and he was still uncertain as to what career to pursue C. Rizal’s Grades (1877-1878) He also took up Cosmology & Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy during his first term in UST D. Surveying Course in Ateneo 1878 UST at this time was under the Dominicans, the rival religious group of Jesuits in education. He remained loyal to Ateneo, even taking up a vocational course during his first term. He excelled in all subjects in the course that led him to obtaining gold medals in Agriculture, Commerce, Mechanics, and Surveying. On November 25, 1881, at the age of 17, he passed the final examination, granting him the title of perito agrimensor (expert surveyor). His loyalty to Ateneo continued and he participated in other extracurricular activities. E. Other Extracurricular Activities o Literary Contests: Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila  A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)  The Council of Gods o One- Act Play  Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig): a zarzuela, staged by Ateneans on December 8, 1880 on the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, the patroness of Ateneo. o Poems  Abd el- Aziz y Mohama: a poem, declaimed by an Atenean Maneul Fernandez on December 8, 1879 in honor of Ateneo’s patroness  Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon: a poem expressing the affection of Rizal to Father Pablo Ramon F. Medicine He shifted from Philosophy and Letters to Medicine because of two reasons: (1) The Rector of Ateneo, Don Pablo Ramon, advised him to

(2) His decision was prompted by his desire to cure his mother’s failing eyesight G. Rizal’s Grades (1887-1882) As shown on his grades in his stay at UST for the course of four years, you can say that Rizal performed poorly. The reasons as to why he performed poorly was because medicine was not his vocation, and that of his discontentment with the system of education. He experienced hostility from the Dominican professors of UST and have been racially discriminated by the Spanish students. H. Spanish Brutality During his stay in UST, he didn’t just experienced hostility and discrimination. He also became a victim of a Spanish Officer’s brutality. It happened on a dark summer night in Calamba during his first summer vacation. He passed by a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil but failed to recognized the latter as it was dark. Insulted, the officer slashed Rizal’s back with his sword. He reported the incident to General Primo de Rivera, the Spanish Governor General, but no resolution was done because of racial discrimination. Later on he told Ferdinand Blumentritt his story, sending a letter on March 21, 1887, stating “I went to the Captain General but I could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two weeks.” I. Romances (1) Jacinta Ybardolaza: was a professor of Rizal in Rhetoric and Potery from Pakil, Laguna. He used to call her Miss L, and describe her as a fair lady with seductive and attractive eyes. Rizal stopped his courting because he still has feelings for Segunda and their romance was still fresh, and that his father objected their relationship because she was his professor. (2) Leonor Valenzuela: Rizal met Orang months after his sophomore year. He transferred to another boarding house in Intramuros, and became acquainted with the boarding house’s neighbors. Her parents, Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela, would often invite Rizal to social parties because of his clever sleight of hand tricks. He courted Orang by sending her love letters written in invisible ink, which consists of common table salt and water. He taught her how to read the letter by heating it over a candle or lamp so that the message would appear. (3) Leonor Rivera: born on April 11, 1867, she was Rizal’s cousins from Camiling, Tarlac, and the daughter of his landlord uncle Antonio Rivera. At the star of his junior year, Rizal lived in Casa Tomasina, a boarding house managed by his uncle. Leonor, or Taimis as she calls herself in her letters to Rizal, was a student at La Concordia College, where Soledad, Rizal’s sister, was also studying. He described her as a frail, beautiful girl, who is a tender as a budding flower with kindly wistful eyes. The two became engaged.

J. To the Filipino Youth (1879) It was written by Rizal at the age of 18 as a contest piece in a literary contest organized by the Liceo Artistico- Literario de Manila (Artistic- Literary Lyceum Manila). He won first prize, and was rewarded a feather shaped silver pen decorated with gold ribbons. In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipinos to rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind and descend with art science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the people. The poem is a classic because of two reasons: (1) It was the first great poem written in Spanish by a Filipino who has been recognized by Spanish literary authorities. (2) It expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos, not the foreigners, were the “fair hope of the Fatherland”. K. Unhappy Days and Decision to Study Abroad Because of the hostility of the Dominican professor and the racial discrimination by the Spaniards he had experienced, and the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive, he decided to continue and complete his medical course in Barcelona, Spain. His brother Paciano and sisters Saturnina and Lucia approved of his decision, however, his parents and Leonor was left uninformed.

III. LIFE ABROAD A. 1882-1887 First Travel of Rizal After finishing Rizal’s 4-year Medical course in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas he left for 3 reasons. First is because he was disgusted with the Dominicans method of teaching and the prejudice that he received from the Dominican professors for being a Filipino. Second, he had foreseen that studying abroad will someday help his fatherland. Lastly, Rizal was on a secret mission that’s why he wanted to study in Spain. His mission was to observe the life, culture, industries, government and laws in order for him to prepare himself in liberating his fellow Filipino who are being oppressed by the Spaniards. May 3, 1882 was his departure to Spain. It was kept secret to avoid giving information to Spanish authorities and Friars. He boarded to Salvadora which docked in Singapore on May 9. He then boarded to Djemnah to travel to Europe (May 11). He arrived at French Harbor of Merseilles and after staying there for 2 days he left to proceed to Spain on June 15. He arrived at Barcelona Spain on June 16, 1882. Here he wrote “Amor Patrio” o “Love for Country” (highlights Rizal’s desire for us Filipino to have a strong sense of Patriotism). This is because he was inspired with how people in Barcelona seem to have freedom and liberty. People were open-hearted, hospitable and courageous. During this time, he received a letter from his brother Paciano telling him about the cholera outbreak and to continue his medicine course in Madrid. November 3, 1883, he arrived at Madrid, Spain. Where he lived a simple life, he budgets his money wisely and never wasted any coin to gambling or any vices. Enrolled in Unbersidad Central de Madrid where he took up Medical, Philosophy and Letters courses. In Madrid he was amazed on how Spanish Mason freely criticized the government which is being prohibited in Philippines during that time. Rizal left Madrid to visit Paris on June 1883. Here, he observed Dr. Nicaile treat his patients in Laennec hospital. June 21, 1884, Rizal completed his medical course and conferred the degree of Licentiate in medicine. After finishing his medical course, he then go to Paris and Germany to specialized in ophthalmology without forgetting about his mission – to observe European custom so that someday he’ll render a service to where he came from. November 1885, he became an apprentice of Dr. Loousi Weckert, a leading French ophthalmologist. He left Paris after acquiring enough knowledge in Dr. Weckert’s clinic. Rizal moved to Germany on February 3, 1886 and worked under Dr. Otto Becker. He specialized in ophthalmology to cure his mother’s growing eye ailment. During his time in Germany he experienced poverty where he only eats one meal a day and washed his clothes by himself because he can’t afford to bring it to laundry shops. His brother, Paciano, tried to send him money. But it failed due to the locusts that destroyed their crops and because the sugar market had collapsed. The publication of his first novel, Noli Me Tangere was also delayed because of financial shortage, but when his friend Maximo Viola heard about this news he sent Rizal enough money for the publication of Noli. In 1887 he sent his closest friends copies of his first novel. After

his grand tour in Europe with his friend Maximo Viola he decided to go back to the Philippines. His novel caused uproar in friars, and despite of being his life in danger, he insists on returning home. It is because he really wanted to operate his mother’s eye and to know the effect of his novel to his fellow Filipino people. He arrived at Manila on August 5, 1887 with a happy heart and excitement all over his body. August 8, 1887, he returned to Calamba, his family’s excitement to see him turned in to worries. Rizal received a letter from the Governor-General Terrero telling him to go to Malacanan Palace. There, Rizal explained to the Gov-gen that he was just revealing the truth he isn’t an advocate of rebellious ideas. The Gov-gen request for a copy of his novel and the time he have read it, he knew that Rizal’s life is in danger. B. Second Travels of Rizal He left Calamba on February 1888 because of the Gov-general’s advice and he doesn’t want to disobey his orders, he arrived at Hong Kong on February 8, 1888. He stayed in Victoria hotel where he was being shadowed by Jose Varanda. It is believed that he was sent to spy on Rizal’s doings and whereabouts. In Hong Kong he studied the chinese way of life, culture, customs and wrote his observation in his diary. Rizal’s favorite destination was the Land of Cherry Blossoms. It was February 28, 1888 when he arrived at Japan, where he fell in love with the manners of people, natural beauty of japan and to a girl who captured his heart through her loveliness and put joy and romance to Rizal’s sorrowing heart. Her name was Seiko Usui. After staying at Yokohama, Rizal moved to Tokyo and visited by Juan Perez (secretary of legation and a Spanish government’s way to monitor him) and offered him to live in Spanish Legation. Because of financial shortage, Rizal accepted it anyways because it will also help him to save money. During his life in Japan, he studied their language, drama, arts, music and judo. His company with O-sei-san and a job good job offered by Spanish legation almost tempted him to settle in Japan, but it is not enough to destroy his burning desire to liberate his people in his Fatherland. Despite of having a heavy heart, because of the fact that he will never see this land again and his beloved O-Sei-san, he still enjoyed his transPacific voyage to U.S. In his way to U.S he met Tetcho Suehiro, Journalist, novelist and a champion of human rights, who was exiled. Rizal told him about his story and how his mission to free his oppressed fellowmen from Spanish dictatorship. Tetcho was inspired and influenced by Rizal to fortify his own fight for human rights in his own country. On April 28, 1888 he arrived in U.S where he saw racial prejudice especially to Chinese and Negroes. The Belgic docked at San Francisco and the ship was put under quarantine because of the alleged cholera outbreak. But then Rizal discovered that this quarantine was motivated by political agenda because the ship was boarded with more than 600 unskilled Chinese workers.

It was May 18, 1888 when he chose to live in London for 3 reasons. (A) To improve his knowledge in English language, (b) to study and annotate Morga’s “Succesos De Las Islas Filipinas” which is only available in British Museum, (c) London was a safe place from Spanish tyranny. He spent most of his time studying the rare historical books about the history of the Philippines and became the President of Associacion La Solidaridad, a patriotic newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena. In 1889 he visited to Paris and stayed with his friend, Valentin Ventura. This is because Rizal had a hard time searching for an inn to stay because of a large demand due to Universal Exploitation. He established kidlat Club which aims to unite all the young Filipino so that they could enjoy their stay in Paris during the Universal Exploitation. He also founded R.D.L.M which aims to disseminate useful knowledge in the Philippines and redemption of Malay race. During the 28th of January on the year 1890 Rizal left Paris for Brussels where he was busy writing his 2nd novel, El Filibusterismo. During his stay in Brussels he received bad news such as Filipinos who were destroying their nation’s image and the Calamba agrarian were getting worse. Because of this Rizal planned to go back to the Philippines but t didn’t happen. In August 1890 he arrived and stayed in Madrid to find justice for his family and Calamba tenants, he tried all the legal means but no to avail. He could describe his stay in Madrid with a lot of misfortune. One was Leonor Rivera married a British engineer. When Rizal sought help with the Filipino colonyto protest the injustices of Dominicans, things get worst. Silvestre, his brother-in-law received a copy of eviction and the deportation of Paciano, Antonio, Silvestre and Narcisa to Mindoro. Despite of all these misfortunes he took a vacation in the resort of city in Biarritz where the Bousted Family invited him to their guest. And this is where Rizal finished the last chapter of El Fili. Rizal fell in love with the daughter of Bousted family, Nellie Bousted. He wants to marry Nelly, but it failed for Nelly wanted him to adopt Protestantism. Rizal, having a firm stand, refused and another problem was Nelly’s mother doesn’t wish to entrust her daughter to a man who’s poor in material things. On July 5, 1891 Rizal left Brussels to move in Ghent because cost of printing there was cheaper. He found F. Meyer-Van Loo Press who was willing to print his book on installment basis. Once again, a close friend of Rizal heard the news about his problem in publication of his novel, Valentin Ventura. He sent money to Rizal and the printing of El Fili was resumed. After publication of his novel, he went to Hong Kong and lived there from November 1891 – June 1892. Before Christmas in1891, his family visited him in Hong Kong and that was one of the happiest days In his life. Rizal made up his mind to go back to Calamba on May 1892. On June 26, 1892, Rizal and his sister Lucia arrived in Manila. July 6, he went to Malacanan Palace to resume his interviews. The Gov-gen presented leaflets that were allegedly found in Lucia’s pillowcase. Despite denials and insistent demand for investigation, he was still arrested. And on July 15, 1892 he was brought to Dapitan and handed to

Captain Ricardo Carcinero, which later he befriended with. Rizal’s exile in Dapitan lasted until July 31, 1896. C. His Last Trip Abroad Rizal boarded to Espana which had a lot of stopovers first at Dumaguete, to Cebu, Iloilo Capiz, Romblon and to Manila. He missed the ship going to Spain but on midnight he was able to ride Spanish cruiser. On September 7, 1896 he arrived at Singapore. Don Pedro and his son adviced him to stay in Singapore and take the advantage of the protection of the British Law. Sept 28 there was a passenger who told Rizal that he would be arrested by the order of Governor-general Blanco and he will spent prison in Cuerta. On September 30 he was officially notified by Captain Alemany that he should stay in his cabin until further orders from Manila. November 3Rizal arrived in Manila and transferred to Fort Santiago. November 20 was the start of his preliminary investigation journeying to his death. IV. EL FILIBUSTERISMO A. The Background of the Publication of the El Filibusterismo o He had begun writing it in October 1887, while practicing medicine in Calamba. o The following year 1888 in London he made some changes in the plot corrected some chapters already written. o He wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid and finished the manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891. o Rizal Left brussels for Ghent, a famous university city in Belgium. o Rizal found a publisher – F Meyer-van loo press o August 6, the printing had to be suspended as Rizal feared. B. Ventura the Savior of Fili o His funds ran out in ghent, a similar calamity that he experienced in berlin. o When everything is lost, help came from an unexpected source. C. THE FILI COMES OFF THE PRESS o September 18, 1891 el filibusterismo came off the press o Rizal immediately sent on this date two printed copies to hongkong, obe for basa and the other for sixto lopez. o Rizal gratefully donated the original manuscript and an authographed printed copy to valentin ventura,. o He sent the other copies to bluementritt,mariano ponce, G. lopez jaena and etc. o He dedicated the El Filibusterismo to FATHER GOMEZ, BURGOS, ZAMORA o The original manuscript of el filibusterismo in rizal own handwriting is now preserved in the filipina division of the bureau of public libraries Manila.

o It consists of 279 pages of long sheets of paper o Two features of manuscript do not appear in printed book, namely: foreword and the warning. o The titile page of el filibusterismo contains an inscription written by ferdinand blumentritt. D. MAJOR THEMES. PLOT AND CHARACTERS AND IDEAS OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO o Simoun Crisóstomo Ibarra reincarnated as a wealthy jeweler, bent on starting a revolution o Basilio Sisa's son, now an aspiring doctor o Isagani poet and Basilio's best friend; portrayed as emotional and reactive; Paulita Gómez' boyfriend before being dumped for fellow student Juanito Peláez o Kabesang Tales Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former cabeza de barangay (barangay head) who resurfaced as the feared Luzón bandit Matanglawin (Tagalog for Hawkeye); his father, Old Man Selo, dies eventually after his own son Tano, who became a guardia civil, unknowingly shoots his grandfather in an encounter o Don Custodio Custodio de Salazar y Sánchez de Monteredondo, a famous journalist who was asked by the students about his decision for the Academia de Castellano. In reality, he is quite an ordinary fellow who married a rich woman in order to be a member of Manila's high society o Paulita Gómezthe girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Doña Victorina, the old India who passes herself off as a Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor Tiburcio de Espadaña. In the end, she and Juanito Peláez are wed, and she dumps Isagani, believing that she will have no future if she marries him o Father Florentino Isagani's godfather, and a secular priest; was engaged to be married, but chose the priesthood instead, the story hinting at the ambivalence of his decision as he chooses an assignment to a remote place, living in solitude near the sea. o Macaraig - one of Isagani's classmates at the UST . He is a rich student and serves as the leader of the students yearning to build the Academia de Castellano. o Juli - Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. To claim her father from the bandits, she had to work as a maid under the supervision of Hermana Penchang o Juanito Pelaez - a hunchbacked student who was a favorite of the professors. They belong to the noble Spanish ancestry. After failing in his grades, he became Paulita's new boyfriend and they eventually wed. o Doña Victorina - Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña, known in Noli Me Tangere as Tiburcio de Espadaña's haughty and cruel wife. She is the aunt of Paulita Gomez, and favors Juanito Pelaez over Isagani.

o Father Camorra - the lustful parish priest of Tiani, San Diego's adjacent town who has longtime desires for young women. He nearly raped Juli, causing the latter to commit suicide to escape. o Ben-Zayb - the pseudonym of Abraham Ibañez, a journalist who believes he is the "only" one thinking in the Philippines. Ben-Zayb is an anagram of Ybanez, an alternate spelling of his name. E. PLOT o Thirteen years after leaving the Philippines, Crisostomo Ibarra returns as Simoun, a rich jeweler sporting a beard and blue-tinted glasses, and a confidant of the CaptainGeneral. Abandoning his idealism, he becomes a cynical saboteur, seeking revenge against the Spanish Philippine system responsible for his misfortunes by plotting a revolution. Simoun insinuates himself into Manila high society and influences every decision of the Captain-General to mismanage the country’s affairs so that a revolution will break out. He cynically sides with the upper classes, encouraging them to commit abuses against the masses to encourage the latter to revolt against the oppressive Spanish colonial regime. F. THEME o Ideal means of achieving social reform G. DIFFERENT BETWEEN NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO. o Noli Me Tangere. It is a Latin word meaning "Touch Me Not". This book is a societal novel. o Noli Me Tangere was dedicated to his Inang Bayan, the Philippines. o The history stated in the book "Uncle Tom's Cabin" of Hariet Beecher Stowe, that tells the suffering of Negro slaves under the cruelty of the Americans, gave our hero the idea. in writing this book. o He saw the similarity of this to the cruelty experienced by the Filipinos under the Spanish rule. o This was published at Imprenta Lette in Berlin, Germany on March 1887 by the help of Dr. Maximo Viola. As a thanks, Dr. Rizal gave the original manuscript and the PLUMA he used in writing the novel to Dr. Viola. o El Filibusterismo. It comes from the word "filibustero" which means a person who is against the Roman Catholic. o This was dedicated to the "Three Martyrs", GomBurZa (Fr. Mariano Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos, Fr. Jacinto Zamora). o El Filibusterismo was first published in a publication company in Ghent, Belgium. The publication of the book were stopped because of financial problem. By the help of Dr. Valentin Ventura, the publication resumed and was finished on September

1891. As a favor, Dr. Rizal gave the original manuscript of the novel with an autographed copy of the book. H. Synopsis of el filibusterismo? o Simoun, a wealthy jeweler, just came to the Philippines. And he died at the end of the story. o VALUE AND ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE OF SOCIETY(EL FILIBUSTERISMO) o The Role Of Youth In The Future Society. ... Youth are expected to advance the current technology, education, politics, peace of the country. On the other hand, youths have also to maintain the culture of our culture, all good values in the societies, development projects, Youth are back bone to the nation.They can change the future of the society with their well being and courageous behavior.