Learning Civil Engineering From The Qur'an

How to learn Engineering Sciences Fully from The Noble Qur’an? Dr. Zaid Kasim Ghazzawi Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering

How to learn Civil Engineering from the Noble Qur’an?

The Optimal Specifications for a Structure   



Strong: ability to withstand the applied loads Stiff: no large deformations upon loading Light weight: to minimize stresses due to body loads Stable

How to know the design that satisfies the optimal ?requirements for a structure The answer can be found in the Noble Qur’an

In The Name of Allah (God) The Most Compassionate The Most Merciful

And your Lord inspired the bee, saying: "Take you habitations in the mountains and in the trees and in what they erect. The Noble Qur’an (16: (68

Why does Allah (God) mention creatures like bees, trees, cattle, etc. in the Noble Qur’an?

To encourage those who read the Qur’an to ponder and reflect upon the design and function of these creatures

Bees A Bio-System

And your Lord inspired the bee, saying: "Take you habitations in the mountains and in the trees and in what they erect.

A Bee Hive has the following characteristics: • High strength (to endure the weight of Bee hive handles the bees) weight of bees and • Large stiffness (to have small deformations) vibrations with perfect • Balanced (to endure large vibrations) stability and strength • Light weight (to hang from a tree http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/insects/ahb/inf3.html branch)

Stiff Material (Wax)

Soft Material (Honey)

Hexagonal Structure of Bee Hives

There is a need to understand the structure and design of bee’s honeycomb

In The Name of Allah (God) The Most Compassionate The Most Merciful

So no change will you find in Allah's (God) Sunnah (way of dealing), and no turning off will you find in Allah's (God) Sunnah (way of dealing) The Noble Qur’an (35: 43)

Any structure that bears load in the creation of Allah (God) Almighty should have a hexagonal structural arrangement of its components

The Use of Hexagonal Structural Arrangement to Handle Loads 1. The use of minimum material to cover maximum area (100% efficiency in material utilization) 2. This design results in maximum stiffness and strength which are main design requirements in load bearing structures.

Comparison of Bee’s Honeycomb and Bone Components 

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Bee’s honeycomb Stiff material (wax)

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Bone n-scale components Stiff material (Hydroxy apatite crystals)

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Soft material (Honey)

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Soft material (collagen)

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Thus bone should be arranged in a hexagonal packing arrangement exactly like bee’s honeycomb

(Tortorawithin and the Human Mechanical Systems Grawboski, 1996) Body http://www.bartleby.com/107/127.html

Hydroxy apatite crystals

Collagen molecules

The design of human bones on the Nano-scale

http://bodymap.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/doc/images/fg3.jpg

Light Weight of Bees’ Hive Hexagonal Structure ensures the coverage of maximum volume with minimum amount of material

Stability of Bees’ Hive Hexagonal Structure ensures stability of the structure upon loading

The weight of the bees acts perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hexagonal cells

Force Analysis on Bee Cells F

120o

F

120o

120o

ΣF (in x-direction) = F – (2*F*cos60) = 0 ΣF (in y-direction) = F*sin60 – F*sin60 =0

F

Stiffness and Strength of Bees’ Hive The material used in construction (wax) is stiff and strong The slenderness ratio is equal to 1 (No Buckling)

And He it is Who has created the heavens and the earth in six Days and His Throne was on the water, that He might try you, which of you is the best in deeds.

B

A

F Who has created the seven heavens one above another, you can see no fault in the creations of the Most Beneficent. Then look again: "Can you see any rifts?"

What are the optimal ratios of thickness to radius to design structural members? The answer can be derived from The Noble Qur’an

The answer is found from the design of human bone

1 10

Thickness to radius ratio = 1  The ratio of material area to total area = 7 

Dr. Zaid Kasim Ghazzawi E-mail : [email protected] Website:www.quran-miracle.com