Langman - Embriologia

Contents part one General Embryology ...1 chapter 1 Gametogenesis: Conversion of Germ Cells Into Male and Female Gametes ...3 chapter 2 First Week of Development: Ovulation to Implantation ...31 chapter 3 Second Week of Development: Bilaminar Germ Disc ...51 chapter 4 Third Week of Development: Trilaminar Germ Disc ...65 chapter 5 Third to Eighth Week: The Embryonic Period ...87 chapter 6 Third Month to Birth: The Fetus and Placenta ...117 chapter 7 Birth Defects and Prenatal Diagnosis ...149

part two Special Embryology...169 chapter 8

Skeletal System ...171 ix xContents chapter 9 Muscular System ...199 chapter 10 Body Cavities ...211 chapter 11 Cardiovascular System ...223 chapter 12 Respiratory System ...275 chapter 13 Digestive System ...285 chapter 14 Urogenital System ...321 chapter 15 Head and Neck ...363 chapter 16 Ear ...403 chapter 17 Eye ...415 chapter 18 Integumentary System ...427 chapter 19 Central Nervous System ...433

part three

Appendix...483 Answers to Problems ...485 Figure Credits ...499 Index ...507

Preface The ninth edition of Langman’s Medical Embryology adheres to the tradition established by the original publication—it provides a concise but thorough description of embryology and its clinical significance, an awareness of which is essential in the diagnosis and prevention of birth defects. Recent advances in genetics, developmental biology, maternal-fetal medicine, and public health have significantly increased our knowledge of embryology and its relevance. Because birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality and a major contributor to disabilities,andbecausenewpreventionstrategieshavebeendeveloped,understanding the principles of embryology is important for health care professionals. To accomplish its goal, Langman’s Medical Embryology retains its unique approach of combining an economy of text with excellent diagrams and scanning electron micrographs. It reinforces basic embryologic concepts by providing numerous clinical examples that result from abnormalities in developmental processes. The following pedagogic features and updates in the ninth edition help facilitate student learning: Organization of Material: Langman’s Medical Embryology is organized into two parts. The first provides an overview of early development from gametogenesis through the embryonic period; also included in this section are chapters on placental and fetal development and prenatal diagnosis and birth defects. The second part of the text provides a description of the fundamental processes of embryogenesis for each organ system. Molecular Biology: New information is provided about the molecular basis of normal and abnormal development. Extensive Art Program: This edition features almost 400 illustrations, including new 4-color line drawings, scanning electron micrographs, and ultrasound images. Clinical Correlates: In addition to describing normal events, each chapter contains clinical correlates that appear in highlighted boxes. This material is designed to provide information about birth defects and other clinical entities that are directly related to embryologic concepts. vii

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