June 5-spoken English

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þ¼÷ªî¦ô¢Ù 20 WûË 2005

í£ë¯õ î¦è[ªÚÛö˺ ú£ªEoêŸîµªiì ê¶è¯ êµLóŸªÚÛ ð¼÷è[Ù ÷õx ÖÚÁ\þ§J ÷ªì ú£ÙòÅ°ù£é Íô¢nÙ ÷«¸ô ví£÷«ë]Ù ÑÙC. DEÚ¨ ÷«êŸ'òÅ°ù£ ví£òÅ°÷Ù ÚÛ«è¯ Ú¥ô¢éÙ Ú¥÷àŸªa. Ö¸Ú í£ë¯Eo ÖÚÁ\àÁå ÖÚÁ\ NëÅ]ÙÞ¥ î¦è¯Lq ÑÙåªÙC. ÔC ÓÚÛ\è[ Óö° ví£óµ«TÙà¦ö˺ êµõªú£ªÚÛªÙç¶ ÷ªìÙ ÷«æ°xè¶ òÅ°ù£ Óë]ªæ¨î¦JE ÎÚÛåªdÚÛªÙåªÙC. 5) A cricketer (He/She) plays cricket Cricketers (They) play cricket

Ð ô¢«í£Ùö˺ ÑÙè¶ verbs, vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ áJ¸Þ í£ìª-õÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍÙç¶ regular actionsÚÛª. Óí£±pè[« áJ¸Þ í£ìª-õÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ Oæ¨E Ñí£-óµ«-Tþ§hÙ. I go to college at 10 AM (ví£A-ôÁW) My mother cooks for me (Óí£±pè[«) Ïö° Oªô¢ª ÷ªJ-Ú•Eo sentences ô¦óŸªÙè…. ÷ªS} ÖÚÛ\-þ§J àŸ«è[Ùè…:

Íô¢nÙ ÖÚÛç¶ Ú¥F...! Ram:

Where is your brother?

to Guntur -

Oª þ¼ë]-ô¢ªè[ª ÓÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oè[ª? Raghav: He is watching the t.v. at home

ÞœªÙå«-ô¢ªÚÛª. Ð Nù£óŸªÙö˺ ÷ªìÙ ÏÙTxùÃö˺ ÷«æ°x-è¶-å-í£±pè[ª â°vÞœ-êŸh-í£-è¯L. Ú¨ÙC verbs ×þ§J àŸ«è[Ùè…. A come go write take

ÍêŸìª ÏÙæ˺x æ©O àŸ«ú£ªh-û¦oè[ª. Ram:

Where does he study?

ÍêŸìª ÓÚÛ\è[ àŸë]ª÷±êŸªû¦oè[ª? Raghav: He is a student of Learn well school

ÍêŸìª öµôÂo-îµöËÀ ú£«\öËÀ Në¯uJn Ram:

Which class is he in?

B comes goes writes takes

ÍêŸìª ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ ÓûËÁo êŸô¢-ÞœA àŸë]ª-÷±êŸª-û¦oè[ª? Raghav: He is doing the 8th class

ÓE-NªëÁ êŸô¢-ÞœA àŸë]ª-÷±-꟪-û¦oè[ª. Ram:

What games does he play?

ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é

5

ÍêŸìª Ôó¶ª Îåõª Îè[-ê¦è[ª? Raghav: He plays cricket and hockey. sing teach speak

vÚ¨·ÚæËÀ, ک Îè[-ê¦è[ª. šíj ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éìª Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…. verb ÍEo àÁæ°x ÑÙè[-è¯Eo àµñª-꟪ÙC.

is is watching, does study ( = studies), is doing, (does play = plays) plays (actions) Verbs.

Ï÷Fo ÚÛ«è¯ à¶êŸ-õìª

sings teaches speaks

A B I, We, You, They A

Ú¨ÙC î¦æ¨Ú©, Ú¨ÙC î¦æ¨Ú© Íô¢nÙ ÖÚÛç¶. Ú¥F êÁ Ú¨ÙC î¦æ¨E Ñí£-óµ«-Tþ§hÙ.

2) A doctor --- patients Doctors --- patients (treat) 3) A lawyer --- cases Lawyers --- cases (argue) 4) Pens --A pen --- (Write) 5) A cricketer --- cricket Cricketers --- cricket (Play) Answers: 1) Wrist watches (They) show the time M. SURESAN A Wrist Watch (It) shows the time 2) A doctor (He/She) treats patients Doctors (They) treat patients 3) A lawyer (He/She) argues cases Lawyers (They) argue cases 4) Pens (They) write A pen (It) writes

êµL›í

The teacher is in class. He was on the playground. (Play ground

ö˺ Ñû¦oè[ª ÞœêŸÙö˺)

The teacher is teaching (Verb)

(ò˺CÅ-þ¼hÙC) He was playing

have í£ÚÛ\ì had ìª ÖÚÛ î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ Ñí£-óµ«TÙ-àŸ-÷à¦a? Íö° ô¦›úh Î î¦ÚÛuÙ Íô¢nÙ ÔNªæ¨? ÍC Ô tense Í÷±-꟪ÙC? Íö°¸Þ î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ had êŸô¦yêŸ í£ÚÛ\û¶ ÷ªSx had ÷ú£ªhÙë¯? ë¯E Íô¢nÙ ÔNªæ¨? – êŸêŸhJ ô¢î¶ªøÉÂ, ìt-Ú•Ùè[ áî¦ñª: 'have' í£ÚÛ\ì 'had'___ have had_ ÏC

ví£øŒo: êµL›í

Verbs. A

Ú¨ÙC verbs ÑÙè[-æ°Eo êµõª-í£±-ê¦ô³. Ð à¶êŸõìª àµ›íp verbs, action words.

present perfect tense of have. present perfect verbform: have/has + past participle (pp); eg: have seen, have gone etc.

ö˺

Present perfect tense

He, she, it B I/We/You/Andhras (they) speak Telugu My father (he) My Mother (she) speaks Telugu The book is on the table. This class (it) I/We/you/these trains (they) go there on 'table' My mother (she) My friend (he/she) goes there every day from school This train at home Fans (they) give air In the bag A Fan (it) gives air Dogs (they) bark A dog (it) barks practice þ¼p·ÚûË ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Oª ú£Ùë¶ï£„õìª (Brackets verb þ¼p·ÚûË ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡èµúÃ\, Ðû¦è[ª, 1) Wrist watches --- the time þ¼÷«>Þœ«è[, šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë–82 A Wrist watch --- the time (show) #ô¢ªû¦÷«ÚÛª í£Ùí‡ÙàŸ÷àŸªa.

êµõª-ÞœªÚÛ«, ÚÛ« Ñìo ê¶è¯ ÏÙÚÁæ¨ Þœ÷ªEÙ-àŸÙè…. Î í£±ú£hÚÛÙ ç¶ñªöËÀ Oªë] ÑÙC

÷ªìÙ, ‘Oªë]’ ç¶ñªöËÀ êŸô¦yêŸ î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺ Oªë] Íû¶ Íô¢nÙêÁ, ÷³Ùë]ª î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÍEo Nù£-óŸ«-õöËºì« ÍÙê¶. ú£«\õª ìªÙ# ÏÙæ¨ö˺ ú£Ù#ö˺

Oªô¢« ô¦óŸªÙè…!

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

(Ïí£±pè[ª Ú¥xúÃö˺ Ñû¦oìª) My friend (he/she) is in the next room friend,

(÷« –Ïí£±pè[ª)

í£ÚÛ\ ÞœCö˺ Ñû¦o-è[ª/-ÑÙC

My parents (they-

î¦üŒ‰x) are at home (ÏÙæ˺x Ñû¦oô¢ª– Ïí£±pè[ª) Ú¥ñæ¨d am, is, are ÍÙç¶ Ïí£±pè[ª ÑÙè[åÙ II. I was/he was here yesterday.

(ÏÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦o쪖 Ñû¦oè[ª – Eìo) My friends were in Hyderabad last week

(û¦ ›úo-꟪õª šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ëÂö˺ Ñû¦oô¢ª, ÞœêŸî¦ô¢Ù) -was, were, ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[åÙ III. Shall be/will be- future (òÅ¡N-ù£u-êÂö˺ ÑÙè[åÙ) 1. India will be a great country by 2010

(2010 ú£Ù÷-êŸq-ô¦-EÚ¨ òÅ°ô¢ê ޕí£p ë¶øŒÙÞ¥ ÑÙåªÙC)

They have had two cups of coffee so far.

B

eg: go, come, eat, talk, run, sleep, read, dance. 1. The boys are playing 2. The girl is reading 3. These students talk in class 4. The cheetah runs fast 5. A dog barks English

I. I am in class

(÷à¶a î¦ô¢Ù ÍEöËÀ ÏÚÛ\è[ ÑÙæ°è[ª)

The girl is reading

(æ©àŸô ڥxúÃö˺ ÑÙC)

(Actions)

ÏÚÛ\è[ am, is, are ÍÙç¶ Ïí£±pè[ª ÑÙè[åÙ, Óí£±pè[« ÑÙè[åÙ. Íö°¸Þ was, were- ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[åÙ; shall be / will be futureö˺ ÑÙè[åÙ

2. Anil will be here next week

A

(Îè[ª-꟪-û¦oè[ª ÞœêŸÙö˺) B Ú¨Ùë] verbs ÍFo à¶êŸõìª

(I) am; (he, she, it) is; they (are).

êÁ Ú¨ÙC î¦æ¨E î¦è[ê¦Ù.

}

}

ÏN Oªô¢ª í£²Jh-à¶ú£«h ö˺ Ñìo

à¶óŸªÙè… êÁ í£²Jh à¶óŸªÙè…)

÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ êµL-›íC Ïí£p-æ¨÷-ô¢ÚÛª áJ-Tì í£E. DEÚ¨ for the past, for the last, since ÷þ§hô³. a) I have studied (have+ pp of study) here for the past two years-

û¶E-ÚÛ\è[ Ïí£p-æ¨-÷-ô¢ÚÛª

·ôÙè¶üŒ‰x àŸC-î¦ìª. b) He has worked (has + pp of work) here since 2004 = 2004

ìªÙ# Ïí£p-æ¨-÷-ô¢ÚÛª

ÎóŸªì ÏÚÛ\è[ í£E-à¶-ø‹è[ª. Ïí£±pè[ª û¦ÚÛª Ú¥ô¢ª ÑÙC ÍE àµð§põÙ綖 I have a car ÍÙæ°Ù. ·ôÙè¶-üŒ‰xÞ¥ û¦ÚÛª Ð Ú¥ô¢ª ÑÙC ÍE Íû¦õÙç¶, 'have' ÚÛª present perfect tense, ÍÙç¶ have + past participle of have (=had) î¦è¯L ÚÛë¯! Íí£±p-è¶-÷ªÙæ°Ù? I have had this car for the past two years have + had (pp of 'have'_ She has had (has + pp of 'have') this job for the last one year.

ÍÙæ°Ù. Ñû¦oìª) ÍE.

(ú£Ù÷-êŸq-ô¢ÙÞ¥ ÎN-è[Ú© ÑëÁuޜ٠ÑÙC)

ÚÛLT

(Ïí£p-æ¨-÷-ô¢ÚÛ« ·ôÙè[ª ÚÛí£±põ Ú¥íƈ ê¦Þ¥ô¢ª) Present perfect tense ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ-Tì í£E, Óí£±pè[ª (Ô ôÁV, Ô ê¶D, Ô çµjÙ) áJ-TÙD àµí£p-ÚÛð¼ê¶ î¦è[ê¦Ù. I have had my lunch. (û¦ òÅ˺áìÙ Íô³-ð¼-ô³ÙC) ★ had had- ÏC past perfect tense of 'have'. Past perfect ö˺ verb form: had + past participle Past perfect

÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ êµL-›íC: ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ-Tì ·ôÙè[ª í£ìªö˺x îµ³ë]-æ¨-í£-EE. He told me that he had passed (had + pp of pass)

ð§ú£-óŸ«u-ìE û¦êÁ àµð§pè[ª. Í÷åÙ, àµí£påÙ, ·ôÙè[« ÞœêŸÙö˺ í£ìªö¶. Í÷åÙ ÷³Ùë]ª, àµí£påÙ êŸô¦yêŸ. ÷³Ùë]ª, Í÷åÙ Ú¥ñæ¨d had passed ÍE past perî¦è[ê¦Ù. Ð Ú¥ô¢ª Ú•ìÚÛ ÷³Ùë]ª ÍêŸ-EÚ¨ ú£«\åô ÑÙè¶C. ÏÚÛ\è[ ·ôÙè[« past actions. ú£«\åô ÑÙè[åÙ ÷³Ùë]J past action. ‘ú£«\åô ÑÙè[åÙ’ ÍÙç¶ 'have a scooter.' Ú¥ñæ¨d past perfect of have = pass pass 'pass' fect

had + past partciple of have (=had) = had had. He had had a scooter before he bought the car.

(Ú¥ô¢ª Ú•û¶ ÷³Ùë]ª, ÍêŸ-EÚ¨ ú£«\åô ÑÙè¶C)

★ He had had his breakfast when his friend came in. breakfast

(î¦üŒx všíÆÙè ÷à¶aåí£p-æ¨Ú¨ ÍêŸE Íô³-ð¼-ô³ÙC)

★ She had had the information before I told her of it.

(û¶ìª ൛íp ÷³Ùë¶ Î ë]Þœ_ô¢ Î ú£÷«-à¦ô¢Ù ÑÙC)