Islam Ke Sainik

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fo"k; lwph 1-IkzLrkouk 2-bLyke ds lSfud 3-ryokj ds cy ij /kekZ.rj.k & gtjr [kkfyn fcu okfyn & ekSgEen fcu dkfle & egewn xtuoh & vkSjx a tsc & Vhiw lqYrku 4- lwfQ;ksa }kjk Hkkjr dk bLykehdj.k & flygV dk ‘’ks[k tyky & cgjkbp dk lykj egewn xkth & y[kum dk [kEeu ihj ckck & fnydq’kk y[kum dk gtjr ’kghn dkfle ckck & ’ks[k tykyqíhu rcjhth & vtesj ds eqbuqíhu fp’rh 5- caxky dk bLykehdj.k 6- dk’ehj dk bLykehdj.k 7- /kekZ.rj.k] /kekZ.rj.k] /kekZ.rj.k

3 4 6 6 7 9 11 13 16 19 20 21 21 23 23 26 28 32

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izLrkouk ;g iqLrd ,sls le; esa izdkf’kr dh tk jgh gS ] tc vkradokfn;ksa us viâr ;k=h foekuksa ls vesfjdk ij vkdze.k djs mlds dqN fo’o izfl) izfr"Bkuksa dks iwjh rjg /oLr dj fn;k gS A bl vkdze.k esa vusd ns’kksa ds gtkjksa ukxfjd ekjs x, A QyLo:i vesfjdk us bl vkdze.k ls =Lr gksdj ,sls dV~Vjoknh vkradokfn;ksa dks u"V djus dk vfHk;ku NsM fn;k gS A ;g dgk tk jgk gS fd bLyke vkradokn dk i;kZ; ugha gS vkSj bLyke funks"Z k yksxksa dh gR;k ugh fl[kkrk ] fdUrq fo’o ds izc) q yksx ;g ekurs gS fd ,sls yxHkx lHkh vkradoknh bLyke ds vUkq;k;h gh gSa ] os fo’o esa ekuork dks pSu ls ugha cSBusa nsx a s ] rc rd lkjk fo’o bLyke dk vuq;k;h ugha gks tk,xk A bl iqLrd esa tks o.kZu fo}ku ys[kd us fd;k gS ] og rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gS ] D;ksfa d vko’;drk ds vuqlkj ledkyhu eqlyeku ys[kdksa ds ys[ku ds lUnHkZ Hkh fn, x, gS A bl iqLrd dks vf/kd ls vf/kd ‘’kkfUr fiz; yksx i<sa ] ;g cgqqr vko’;d gS ] ftlls Hkkoh ih<+h ;g tku lds fd ekuork ds vfLrRRo dks dSls [krjs gSa vkSj mu [krjksa ls dSls cpk tk ldrk gS A gekjs erkuqlkj [krjksa ls cpus dk ,d ekxZ ;g Hkh gS fd bfrgkl ds iUuksa ij lR; fy[kk tk, vkSj vlR; i<us vkSj i
fouhr Mk0 egs’k pUnz egkea=h lkaLd`frd xkSjo laLFkku

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bLyke ds lSfud eqfLye yhx ds lkykuk ykgkSj vf/kos’ku esa Hkkjrds lkEiznkf;d foHkktu ds esa rdZ nsrs gq, ftUukg us fgUnw vkSj eqlyekuksa dks vyx jk"Vª ekuus ds tks dkj.k fcuk, Fks muesa ,d dkj.k Fkk ¼ mUgha ds ’kCnksa esa ½ fgUnw vkSj eqlyeku bfrgkl ds nks fHkUu Lkkzsrksa ls viuh iszj.kk izkIr djrs gSa A mudh lSfud xkFkk,a fHkUu gS Aa muds lSfud fHkUu gS ---------cgq/kk ,d dk ohj nwljs dk ‘’k=q gS A ftUukg ds rdksZa dks xka/kh th us Lohdkj ugha fd;k Fkk A bl NksVh lh iqfLrdk dks i<+us ij ikBdks dks ;g le>usa es nsj ugha yxsxh fd ftUukg lR; cksy jgs Fks vkSj xka/kh th er okLrfodrk ls dsklks nwj Fkh A eqlyekuksa ds lSfudksas esa ¼ ftuesa ls dsoy ikap dk mYys[k bl y?kq iqfLrdk esa fd;k x;k gS A lHkh os yksx gSa ftUgksuas xSj bLykeh erksa ds mUeyu vkSj bLyke rFkk ’kfj;r jkT; dh LFkkuuk ds fy, etgch yM+kb;ka yM+h vkSj mls tsgkn dk uke fn;kA blds foijhr fgUnw ohjksa esa ,d Hkh O;fDr <w ldsxs Aa izLrqr iqfLrdk }kjk ys[kd us IkkBdks a ds le{k Hkkjr ds eqfLye bfrgkl ds dqN eqfLye lSfudksa ds bu d`R;ksa ij izdk’k Mkyk gS ftuds dk.k os eqlyekuksa }kjk iz’kaflr gS a budh thofu;ka eqfLye cPpksa dks iszj.kk ns lds blds fy, eqfLye enjlksa vkSj Ldwyksa esa bUgsa Ik<+kus ds fy, fo’ks"k lkfgR; dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk tkrk gS A bu iz’kaflr eqlyeku lSfudksa ds thou dh eq[; ?kVukvkvsa fooj.k
dh iz'kalk ds ik= gS A izk0s Qty vgen }kjk fy[kh iqLrdksa esa ls geus ikap lSfudksa dk p;u fd;k gS A 1 & [kkfyn fcu okfyn ] 2 & ekSgEen fcu dkfle 3 & egewn xtuh ] 4& vkSjaxtsc ] 5& Vhiw lqYrku A izk0s vgen bu iqLrdksa dks fy[kus dk /;s; bl izdkj crkrs gSa % NksVh&NksVh bu vkRe dFkkvksa dks fy[kus ds nks edln gSa A ¼1½ ¼ eqfLye ½ yM+d& s yM+fd;ksa dks mu vk/;kfRed lEinkvksa ls ifjfpr djkuk ftlds os ¼ Hkkoh ½laj{kd gSa A ¼ 2 ½ ,slk ljy vkSj euksjt a d ¼ cky ½ lkfgR; miyC/k djkuk tks muds eu eas if'peh fopkj/kkjk ls Lora= gksdj v/;;u ds fy, izes vkSj ;ksX;rk mRiUu djs A vusd LFkkuksa ij izk0s Qty vgen us vuSfrgkfld dgkfu;ksa }kjk ;g n'kkZus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd bu yksxksa }kjk yMs x, bLyke xds ;s /keZ ;q) lqj{kkRed ;q) Fks A ijUrq mu lSfudksa ds pfj-= fp=.k ds le; og muds bu ;q)ksa ds eq[; dkj.k etgch tquuw dh vuns[kh ugha dj lds A LFkku & LFkku ij ge bu etgch ;q)ksa ds /;s; dk 4 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

bu lSfudksa }kjk Lo;a dh x;h ?kks"k.kkvksa vkSj oDrO;ksa ds lanHkzZ lear eksVs v{kjksa fy[kdj ] ikBdksa dk /;ku mudh bl fo'ks"krk dh vksj vkdf"kZr djsx a sA buds vfrfjDr lwfQ;ksa ds fd;kdykiksa dks geus ,d vyx v/;k; esa lekfo"V dj fn;k gS A lwfQ;ksa dh la[;k vlhe gS A buesa ls dqN pqus gq, lwfQ;ksa dk o.kZu ikBd ;gka i<+ ldsx a sa A tks ikBd lwfQ;ksa ds fo"k; esa foLr`r tkudkjh izkIr djus bPNqd gksa budks l;;n vFkj vCCkkl fjtoh dh 2 [k.M iqLrd fgLVªh vkQ lwfQLe bu bafM;k i
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ryokj ds cy ij /kekZUrj.k % gtjr [kkfyn fcu okfyn ¼ vYykg dh ryokj ½

;|fi bl lSfud dk Hkkjr ls dksbZ lEcU/k ugha gS ijUrq Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k dh izfØ;k esa mudk egRoiw.kZ LFkku blfy, gS fd mUgksua s Hkkjr dh lhek ij fLFkr cyoku ikjlh jk"Vª bZjku dks fot; djmlds 100 izfr'kr fuokfl;ksa dks eqlyeku cuk fn;k A bl izdkj Hkkjr ij vjc eqfLye vkdze.k djus dk ekxZ iz'kLr dj fn;k A izk0s Qty vgen ¼ ys[kd & ghjkst vkQ bLyke ½ bl lSfud dh egkurk dk o.kZu bl izdkj djrs gSa % ^^ Qkjl ¼ vk/kqfud bZjku ½ ds ;q) esa fojks/k bruk Hkh"k.k Fkk fd [kkfyn us ,d iz.k fd;k A vkdk'k dh vksj ns[krs gq, mlus dgk % gs ekfyd A ;fn vkt eqlyeku fot;h gq, rks eSa xSj eqlyekuksa dk o/k ml le; rd djrk jgwx a k tc rd fd i`Foh ij muds jDr dh /kkjk u cg tk, ^^A eqlyekuksa ds lkgl vkSj ¼ bLyke esa ½ fo'okl ds dkj.k vUrr% eqlyeku fot;h gq, A [kkfyn us vius iz.k dks lkdkj djrs gq, mu xSj eqlyekuksa ¼ bZjkfu;ksa ½ ds flj dkVus izkjEHk dj fn, tks Hkh mlds gkFk iM x, A fdUrq ¼ jDr ds te tkus ls ½ i`Foh ij jDr cgrk ugha Fkk A ftlds dkj.k iz.k dks iwjk djuk lEHko ugha gks jgk Fkkzz rc [kkfyn ds fe=ksa us lq rel="nofollow">ko fn;k fd ugj ds ikuh dks o/k LFky rd ykdj NksM fn;k tk, ftlls jDr dh /kkjk cgus yxs vkSj iz.k iwjk gks tk, A ;gh fd;k x;k A vlgk; xSj eqlyekuksa ds bl Hkh"k.k dRy vke dk dkj.k \ og bLyke Lohdkj djus dks vFkok viekutud ftft;k dj nsus dks rS;kj ugha Fkss A izk0s Qty vgen fy[krs gS % gjet ds usrR` Ro esa vackyk Nkouh ij /kkok cksyus ls igys [kkfyn us gjet dks i= fy[kk % ;fn rqe bLYkke xzg.k dj yks rks ge rqEgsa dksbZ gkfu ugha igqpk,axsa vFkok rqe ftft;k dj nsuk Lohdkj dj yks A ,slh n'kk esa ge rqEgkjh j{kk djsx a s A ;fn rqe bu nksuksa 'krksZa dks vLohdkj djksxs rks rqe Lo;a dh blds Qy Hkkxus ds ftEesnkj gksxs A rqels ;q) djus ds fy, esjs lkFk os lSfud gSa tks e`R;q ls mruk gh I;k j djrsgS ftruk rqethou ls A ¼ i`0 62 ½

,d rhljk i= ;g gS % rqEgkjs lqj{kk dk ,d gh ekxZ gS & bLyke xzg.k djuk A nwljk ekxZ gS ftft;k nsuk vkSj gekjh N= Nk;k esa vk tkuk A ftft;k

nsuk Lohdkj dj eqfLye N=Nk;k esa vkus dk vFkZ D;k Fkk ;g lj tnqukFk ljdkj viuh iqLrd vkjaxtsc esa Li"V djrs gSa % dqjku dgrh gS % muls ¼ xSj eqlyekuksa ls ½ yMksa ;gka rd fd og vizfrf"Br gksdj vius gkFk ls ftft;k nsus yxsa A ¼ dqjku 929 ½ bl nSoh vkns'k ds bafre nks' kCnksa dk vFkz eqfLye etgch fo}kuksa uis ;g yxk;k gS fd ;g VSDl bl izdkj olwyk tk, ftlls VSDl nsus okyk vieku dk vuqHko djsa A --------------- bldk mik; ;g gS fd ftEeh ¼ ftft;k VSDl nsus oky ½ LO;a VSDl nsus vk,A ;fn og gflh O;fDr }KjkVSDlHksts rks ysus ls bsdkj dj nf;k tk, A ftEeh iSny py dj vk, ¼ lokjh ij ugha ½ [kMs jgdj VsDS l vnk djs A VSDl vd/kdkjhj ml le; cSBk jgs A VSDl nsus okys dk gkFk uhps gks VKsj vf/kdjh dk moj A nwljh ckr ljdkj crkrs gs fd ftft;k dj yxkus dk fu;e ;g Fkk fd og nfjnz yksxksa ij lcls vf/kd Fkk mudh vkenuh dk 6 izfr'kr A e/;e oxZ 6 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

ij muls dqN de Fkk 6 ls 1@4 izfr'kr rd A ekynkj yksxksa ij 025 izfr'kr vFkok mlls de A izdVr% bldk mns'; Fkk xjhc vkSj e/;e oxhZ; yksxksa dks bl dBksj vkfFkZ d HKkj vkSj ;a=.kk nk;d ckj&ckj vieku ls cpus ds fy, bLyke xzg.k dj ysus ds fy, etcwj djuk A bl izdkj ftft;k dj xSj eqlyekuksa ] muds ifjokj vkSj iwtk LFkyksa dh jkT; }kjk lqj{kk dk lk/ku u gksdj vkfFkZd nokc vkSj viekutud thou ml le; rd thrs jgus dh fj;k;r Fkh tc rd og bLyke Lohdkj u dj ysa A fuLlangs mldk ;g earO; iwjk Hkh gksrk Fkk A euqDdh rRdkyhu izR;{k n'khZ fy[krk gS % vusd fdUnw tks ftft;k nsus esa v{ke gSa eqlyeku gks tkrs gSa ftlls mUgsa VSDl vf/kdjkf;ksa }kjk fujUrj vieku ls NqVdkj fey tk, ----------- ^^--------------------------^^^vkSjx a tsc cgqr izlUu gS fd bl VSDl ds dk;.k fgUnw iztk bLyke Lohdkj djus dks ck/; gks tk,xh A ¼ LVksfj;k 2 234 ] 4 117 ½

¼ ekSgEen fcu dkfle ½ QkSth bLyke dh izFke fgUnw Hkkjr ij fot; % bLyke ds iSxEcu ekSgEen dh e`E;q lu 632 bZ0 esa gks x;h Fkh ] 634 bZ0 esa [kyhQk mej us mLeku ¼vCnq vlh dk iq=½ dks cgjhu ,oa ;eu dk xouZj fu;qDr fd;k A mLeku us fcuk [kyhQk ls iwNs ,d lsuk Hkkjr esa fla/k izn's k ij vkdze.k ds fy, Hkst nh A fdUrq fdlh dkj.k o'k ftldk bfrgkl esa o.kZu ugha gS og lsuk fcuk ;q) fd, ykSV x;h A [kyhQk dks tc irk pyk rks og cgqr [kQk gqvk A mlus mLeku dks euekuh djus ds fy, cgqr izrkfM+r fd;k vkSj dgk fd [kqnk dh dle ;fn gekjh lsuk ds dqN yksx ;q) eaas ekjs tkrs rks eSua s rqEgkjs oa'k ds mrus gh vkneh dRy djk fn, gksrs A blds i'pkr tc mLeku ¼ v¶Qu ds iq= ½ [kyhQk gq, mUgksua sa gkfde ¼ tgYyk dk iq= ½ dks Hkkjr dh Vksg yus Hkstk ftlls vkdze.k dh ;kstuk cukbZ tk lds A gkfde us ykSVdj [kyhQk dks dks crk;k % ^^ ikuh dh cgqr raxh gS A Qy ?kfV;k fdLe ds iSnk gksars gSa A jkLrs esa Mkdw cgqr 'kfDr'kkyh gSa ;fn FkksMh lsuk Hksth tk,xh rks dRy dj nh tk,xhA ;fn Hkkjh lsuk Hksth tk,xh rks Hkw[kksa ej tk,xh A [kyhQk uas vkdze.k dk ladYi R;kx fn;kA 659 bZ0 esa vyh ¼ vcw rkfyc ds iq= ½ [kyhQk gq, rks mudh vuqefr ls gkjl ¼ eqjkZ & vy & vkCnh dk iq= ½ dh deku esa ,d lsuk fla/k dh vksj jokuk gqbZ A izkjEHk esa bl lsuk dks dqN lQyrk feyh vkSj mlus ,d lglz yksxksa dks idM dj xqyke cuk fy;k A fdUrq 'kh?kz gh vpkud vkdze.k ls grizHk fgUnw laxfBr gks x, vkSj mYVk eqfLye lsuk ij vkdze.k dj fn;k A 662 bZ0 rd reke eqfLye lsuk vius lsukifr gkjl lfgr fla/k dh lhek ds ikl dhdu uked LFkku ij ekj Mkyh x;h A dksbZ Hkh 'ks"k ugha cpkA lu 664 esa tc eqoS;k [kyhQk cuk rks eqgYyc ¼ vcwlQjk dk iq= ½ ds usr`RRo esa fQj fla/k ij vkdze.k gqvk rFkk og ykgkSj rd ?kql vk;k fdrq blds rqjUr i'pkr fgUnqvksa us bl iwjh lsuk dks u"V dj fn;k A 7 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

blds i'pkr cM+h rS;kjh ds lkFk fluku ¼ lyek dk iq= ½ dh deku esa [kyhQk eqo; S k ds le; esa gh ,d fo'kky eqfLye lsuk us vkdze.k fd;k A edjku dk iru gks x;k A ogka ij eqfLye jkT; LFkkfir gks x;kA rc ,d nwljh fo'kky lsuk ds lkFk j'khn uked lsukuk;d us fla/kq fot; ds fy, iz;k.k fd;k A edjku dks viuh eq[; Nkouh cukdj og dhdu rd p< vk;k A fdUeq ogka es< fgUnqvksa ds lkFk ;q) esa ekjk x;k A fla/k vts; jgk A j'khn dh ?kksj foQyrkds i'pkr ,d ckj fQj fluku us fo'kky lsuk ysdj fla/k ij vkdze.k fd;k A fdUrq lkjh eqlyeku lsuk u"V gks x;h A blds i'pkr vyeatj us fla/k ij vkdze.k

fd;k A dqN ywVikV dh fdUrq var esa mldh dcz Hkh fla/k dh lhek ds ckgj gh cuh A vc bOu gjkZg vy cgko dh ckjh Hkh A mldh foQyrk ds ckn eTtk vk;k lHkh fla/k dh lhek ij gh ekj Mkys x, A fla/k dh lhek ekuksa eqlyekuksa dk ,d fo'kky dfczLrku cu x;h A

blh chp ;qlQ q dk iq= vy gTtkt bZjkd xouZj cuk A tc okfyn [kyhQk cuk rks gTtkt us ekSgEen & fcu & dkfle uked 17 o"kZ ds ,d ;qod dks lsukifr cukdj fla/k ij vkdze.k djus ds fy, Hkstk A mls lhfj;k ds pqus gq, 6000 ?kqM + +lokj lSfud fn, x, A ,d fo'kky lsuk Hkh mlds LkkFk Fkh ] 712 bZ0 esa 17 o"kZ ds bl ;qod }kjk 80 o"kZ rd fujUrj ;q)jr vts; jgs fla/k dk iru gqvk A ekSgEen fcu dkfle uked ;g 17 o"kZ dk ;qod bLyke ds lSfudksa esa D;ksa vxz.kh fxuk tkrk gS \ bldk vkHkkl gesa lsok fuo`Rr ikfdLrkuh ,;j ek'kZy ekSgEen vlxj [kk¡ dh iqLrd ^^n QLVZ jkmaM % baMks ikfdLrkuh okj 1965 ^^ ls feyrk gS A og fy[krk gS % ^^ ¼ Hkkjr ds bLykeh dj.k ds fy, ½ yM+s x, ;q)ksa esa igyk ;q) nsoy ¼ vk/kqfud djkaph ½ dk ;q) Fkk A blea ekSgEen fcu dkfle dh fot; ds QyLo:i eqlyekuksa ds fla/k esa etcwrh ls iSj te x, vkSj Hkkjr esa ¼ bLyke ds ½ izo's k }kjk [kqy x, A ^^ ^^ eqlyekuksa }kjk nsoy ¼ djkph ½ dk ukedj.k gqvk ^^ ckcqy bLyke ^^ bLyke dk izo's k }kj ^^ ¼ Q0 ,0 ^ fcu dkfle ^ ½ izk0s Qty vgen us Hkh ekS0 vlxj [k¡k dh ckr dk vuqeksnu djrs gq, fy[kk gS % ^ vkt 1200 o"kksZa ds ckn Hkh u dsoy ge ikfdLrkuh vfirq fo'o ds lHkh eqfLye ekSgEen fcu dkfle ij xoZ djrs gSa A og igyk O;fDr Fkk tks bLyke dk izdk'k ysdj Hkkjr vk;k A bl izdkj ge mls ikfdLrku dk igyk fuekZrk dg ldrs gSa A ^^ ^^ Qty vgen ] gTtkt vkSj ekSgEen fcu dkfle ds fgUnqvksa ds izfr iaFkfujis{k n;kyq vkSj U;k;iw.kZ O;ogkj ds xq.k xkrs ugha Fkdrs A mls eafnjksa dh ejEer djus okyk crkrs gSa ijUrq pkp uked rRdkyhu eqLye ys[kd dqN vkSj gh crkrk gS a mlds vuqlkj ekSgEen fcu dkfle us gTtkt dks i= fy[kk % ^^ flfoLrku vkSj uh#u ds nqxZ Nhus tk pqds gSA nkfgj dk Hkrhtk ] mlds iz/kku vQlj vkSj lSfud ekj fn, x, gSa A dkfQjksa dks ;k rks eqlyeku cuk fy;k x;k gS vFkok mUgsa ryokj ds ?kkV mrkj fn;k x;k gS a ewfrZ eafnjksa ds LFkku ij efLtnsa cuk nh x;h gSa A vtku nh tkrh gS A ik¡pksa oDr uekt i<+h tkrh gSA ^^ gTtkt us mRrj fn;k % ^ vksg esjs ppsjs HkkbZ ----------------------------- vYykg dgrk gS dkfQjksa dks 'kj.k er nksa vfirq muds xys dkVks A ^ 8 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

gTtkt ds }kjk vYykg dk vkns'k ekSgEen fcu dkfle rd igq¡p x;k A vxyh fot; ij mlus leLr 'kL=/kkfj;ksa dks dRy djok fn;k ftudh la[];k bfrgkldkj crkrk gS fd dqN ds vuqlkj 6000 Fkh vkSj ds vuqlkj 16000 Fkh A bl ckj 20000 xqyke idM+s x, ] 4000 dkfle ds fgLls esa vk, vkSj 16000 flikfg;ksa esa ckaV fn, x, A ^^ blh bfrgkldkj ds vuqlkj ftUgksua s bLyke xzg.k dj fy;k os xqykeh vkSj VSDl ¼ ftft;k ½ls eqDr dj fn, x, A 'ks"k lHkh xSj&eqfLyeksa ij bLyke ds vuqlkj ftft;k dj yxkk fn;k x;k A nwljk ujlagkj vldan esa gqvk A ekSgEen & fcu dkfle fot; ds i'pkr nqxZ esa vk x;k A mlus 4000 'kL=/kkjh ;q) cafn;ksa dks ryokj ds ?kkV mrkj fn;k vkSj muds ifjokjksa xqyke cuk fn;k A eqYrku esa Hkh blh izdkj 6000 ;q)cUnh dRy dj fn, x, A muds lHkh fj'rsnkj vkSj ifjokj ds yksx xqyke cuk fn, x, A bl ujlagkj ds vkrad vkSj vieku rFkk Hkkjh ftft;k u ns ldus ds dkj,k fdrus yksx ¼ LosPNk ls \ ½ eqlyeku gks x, gksaxs ] bldh dsoy dYiuk gh dh tk ldrh gS A blh bfrgkldkj ds vuqlkj ,d eqYyk ?kks"k.kk djrk gS ^^ dqQz lekIr izk;% gks x;k gS A efUnj /oLr dj fn, x, gSa vkSj muds LFkku ij efLtnsa cuus yxh gSa A ^^ dSlk pfj= Fkk ekSgEen fcu dkfle dk \ D;k fd;k mlus fot;ksijkUr Hkkjr esa \ fuLlangs 17 o"kZ ds ,d ;qod ds fy, fla/k fot; ,d cM+h miyfC/k Fkh A mlds fgUnw izfRk}Unh nkfgj dk uSfrd iru fdruk gh mldh gkj dk dkj,k D;ks u cuk gks vts; fla/k ds fo#) vkdze.k djus vkSj mlu fot; djusa esa mlus ftl lkgl vkSj ;q) dkS'ky dk ifjp; fn;k mldh iz'kalk gksuh LokHkkfod gS A ijUrq lkgl vkSj ;q) dkS'ky ds lkFk ftl dwzjrk vkSj vkrad dk ifjp; geesa mlds /kkfeZd tquuw esa feyrk gS mlds gksrs gq, izk0as Qty vgen tSls yksxksa }kjk mldks bLyke dk ghjks ¼ lSfud ½ mn~?kksf"kr djus ls vkSj eqfLye cPpksa ds le{k mlds bl pfj= dks vuqdj.kh; cukdj is'k djus ls dqN eqlyekuksa ds bl nkos dh izkekf.kdrk dh fd ^^ bLyke dk vFkZ 'kkfUr gS ^^ vkSj og 'kkfUr dh dkeuk djrk gS u"V gks tkrh gS A

egewn xtuoh cgqr ls fgUnw fo}ku ] fo'ks"k :i ls dE;qfu"V vius dks vkSj nwljs fgUnqvksa dks ;g dg dj /kks[kk nsrs gS fd Hkkjr ij fons'kh vkdze.kdkjh eqlyeku /ku vkSj lqna j fL=;ksa ds ykyp ls ;gk¡ vk, Fks A mudk vkpj.k bLyke ds fo#) Fkk A muds bl izdkj ds d`R;ksa btktr bLyke ugha nsrk A ijUrq gesa ,d Hkh eqfLye etgch fo}ku bl izdkj dk ckr dgrs ugha feyrk A blfy, ge izk0s Qty vgen }kjk egewn xtuoh dks bLyke dk ghjks Lohdkj djus esa muls iw.kZr;k lger gSa A eqfLye etgch fo}kuksa }kjk fy[kh x;h dqjku vkSj gnhl ds fgUnh vFkok vxzt as h vuqoknksa vkSj mudh O;k[;kvksa vkSj muds fo'l bfrgkl dk v/;;u djus ds i'pkr gekjk fuf'pr er gS fd ekSgEen fcu dkfle ] [kkfyn fcu okfyn ] egewn xtuoh ] vkSjx a tsc ] Vhiw lqYrku vkSj mu tSls nwljs eqfLye vkdze.kdkjh vkSj 'kkld ftUgksua s bLyke Lohdkj u djus okys fgUnqvksa dk o/k 9 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

fd;k ]mUgsa xqyke cuk;k vkSj muds iwtk x`gksa dks u"V fd;k bLyke ds xw<+ fo}ku ] etgc fu"B eqlyeku Fks A mudk eq[; /;s; Hkkjr ls ewfrZ iwtk TskSls ?k`f.kr /keksaZ dks tM+ ls feVk dj ;gk¡ ds izR;sd O;fDr dks eqlyeku cukuk vkSj ;gk¡ dqjku ij vk/kkfjr 'kjh;r dkuwu dk 'kklu LFkkfir djuk Fkk A bl /;s; dh iwfrZ ds fy, lRrk izkIr djuk ,d vko';d lk/ku Fkk A /;s; ugha Fkk Aa lRrk izkfIr ds fy, vjc ] iBku ] eqxy ] xqyke ,d nwljs ls yM+ jgs Fks A os ,d nwljs ds ?kksj fojks/kh ] 'k=q vkSj jktuhfrd izfr}Unh Fks A os Lo;a dqN le; igys rd ewfrZ iwtd ] ckS) ] fgUnw ] ikjlh ¼ vfXu iwtd ½ Fks ijUrq vc mu lcdk ,d gh /;s; Fkk lHkh xSj& bLykeh erksa dk mUewyu vkSj mu >wBs erksa ds vuq;kf;;ksa dks eqlyeku cukuk vFkok u"V dj nsuk ] xSj eqfLye Hkkjr esa 'kjh;r dk 'kklu LFkkfir djuk A egewn xtuoh ] xtuh dk fuoklh Fkk A mldk firk lqcDq rxhu eqfLye vkdze.kdkfj;ksa }kjk cykr eqlyeku cuk, x, fdlh xSj eqfLye ifjokj dk iq= Fkk ftls 12 o"kZ dh vk;q esa 954 bZ0 es e/; ,sf'k;k dh fdlh xqyke eaMh ea gkth ulz uked O;fDr ds gkFk cspk x;k Fkk A ¼ bu eafM;ksa dk o.kZu if<+, & ys[kd dh iqLrd ^ Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa ds fgUnw iwot Z ½ gkth ulz us mls eqlyeku cuk dj etgch vkSj ;q) f'k{kk esa ikjaxr dj fn;k ] 17 o"kZ dh vk;q esa cq[kkjk esa mls xtuh ds lqYrku vYirxhu ds fdlh njckjh ds gkFksak csp fn;k x;k A lqYrku us bls gksugkj le> dj vius njckjh ls [kjhn fy;k A rhu ckj xqykeh esa cspk x;k fdlh vKkr ckS) ¼ \+ ½ ifjokj dk cyiwod Z eqfLye xqyke cuk;k x;k ;g lqcDq rxhu gh egewn xtuoh dk firk Fkk A tc egewn 6 o"kZ dk Fkk rks lqcDq rxhu vYirxhu ds oa'ktksa ls xnnh Nhu dj xtuh ds flagklu ij cSBk A izk0s Qty vgen us fy[kk gS fd lqcDq rxhu us tks fd lqYrku cuus ls igys Hkh ,d /kuoku vkSj izfrf"Br iz/kkuea=h Fkk vius iq= egewn dks f'kf{kr djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+h A fo[;kr fo}kuksa }kjk mldks f'k{kk fnykbZ x;h ] 'kh?kz gh mlus dqjku daBLFk dj yh vkSj bLyke ds etgch lkfhgR; dk v/;;u dj Mkyk A rkjh[ks & ;kfeuh ds ys[kd vy & mrch ¼ bZ0 Mk0 2@24 ½ us fy[kk gS fd [kyhQk ls f[kyvr feyus ds i'pkr lqRrku egewn us 'kiFk yh fd og izfr o"kZ fgUn ij ftgkn ¼ etgch ;q) ½+ cksyx s kA D;k gqvk Hkkjr ds fgUnqvksa ds lkFk & lUk 1000 bZ0z esa igyk vkdze.k gqvk ] 250000 nhukj jktk t;iky ls fy, x, A 1004 bZ 0 esa fQj vkdze.k fd;k x;k A ogk¡ ds yksaxksa dks vius lkFk ykrs gq, eqYykvksa us eqlyeku cuk;k ] 1008 bZ 0 esa dksV dkaxM+k fot; gqvk A 700000000 ¼ lkr djksM+ ½ fnjge flDdksa esa vkSj 700400 eu lksuk ywV esa feyk A lu 1011 ea Fkkuslj dk iru gqvk A ogk¡ reke efUnj /oLr dj fn, x, vkSj ewfrZ;k¡ rksM+ Mkyh x;h A pdzLokeh dh eq[; izfrek xtuh ys tkbZ x;h vkSj vifo= djds pkSjkgs ij Mky nh x;h A egewn dk lfpr bfrgkldkj mrch ^^ rkjh[ks ;kfeuh ^ esa fy[krk gS % ^^ unh dkfQjksa ds [kwu ls lq[kZ gks x;k A lqYeku bruk /ku ysdj ykSVk fd mldks fxuuk dfBu gS A vYykg bLyke vkSj eqlyekuksa dks tks lEeku vnk djrk gS mlds fy, mldk /kU;okn A ^^ 1013 bZ 0 esa xtuoh us uanuk ij vkdze.k fd;k A efUnj /oLr dj fn, A csdlwj ukxfjdksa dk o/k fd;k x;k A mroh us fy[kk gS % ^ lqYrku vFkkg lEifRr 10 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

ysdj ykSVk xqykeksa dh la[;k bruh Fkh fd mudk cktkj Hkko fxj x;k vkSj mPp ?kjkuksa ds yksxksa lk/kkj.k nqdkunkjksa dh lsok djuh iM+h A fdUrq ;g rks vYykg dh esgjckuh gS tks vius etgc dks lEeku nsrk gS vkSj dqQz dks viekfur djrk gS A ^ 1016 bZ 0 esa xtuoh us ;equk ikj dh vkSj cqyna 'kgj ds cju ukeh uxj ls 1000000 fnjge olwys A ogk¡ ls og eFkqjk ftys esa e/kqoy x;k A mrch us mlds vkrad ds fo"k; esa fy[k gs % ^^ dkfQj fdys NksM+dj Hkkx x, A mQuh gqbZ unh dks ikj djus ds iz;kl esa vusd Mwc x, A fdUrq cgqr ls dRy dj fn, x, ] fxj¶rkj fd, x, ;k Mwc x, --------------------yxHkx 50000 vkneh ekjs x, A ^ vc eFkqjk dh ckjh Fkh A ogk¡ 89300 feLdy otu dh ik¡p lksus ds ewfrZ;k¡ vkSj 200 pkanh ewfrZ;k¡ muds gkFk vkbZa A mrch ds vuqlkj ^^ lqYrku us vkns'k fn;k fd lHkh eafnjksa dks usiFkk ls vkx yxk nh tk, vkSj fQj i`Foh rd /oLr dj fn, tk,a ] 20 fnu rd 'kgj dks ywVk tkrk jgk A ^^ vkdze.kdkfj;ksa dk nwljs uxjksa esa ukxfjdksa ds lkFk O;ogkj ns[kdj lgt gh vuqeku fd;k tk ldrk gS fd eFkqjk esa bu chl fnuksa esa fgUnqvksa ij D;k vR;kpkj ugha gq, gksx a sA blds i'pkr mlus dUukSt dk jkLRkk idM+kA mrch ds 'kCnksa esa dUukSt ds iru dk fp= % ^^ dUUkkSt esa 10000 efUnj Fks A mudh xawxh cgjh ewfrZ;ksa dk tks gky vkdzkUrkvksa us fd;k ] mldks ns[kdj vf/kdrj fuoklh uxj NksM+dj Hkkx x, A tks gkFk IkM+ x, os dRy dj fn, x, A lqRrku us vius QksfS t;ksa dks ywVus vkSj canh cukus dh [kqyh NwV ns nh A mrch ds vuqlkj ^^ eqat vkSj vlh ^^eas ;gh dgkuh nksgjk;h x;h A 'kjok dk Hkh ;gh gky gwqvk A ^^ bfrgkldkj crkrk gS % ^^ eqlyekuksa us ywV dh vkSj ml le; rd dksbZ /;ku ugha fn;k tc rd mudk eu lw;Z vkSj vfXu iwtd dkfQjksa dks dRy djrs djrs Hkj ugha x;k A fQj vYykg ds fe=ksa us o/k fd, x, yksxksa dh ryk'k yh A yxHkx rhu yk[k fnjge dk eky gkFk yxk A ;q)cfUn;ksa dh la[;k dk vuqeku blls yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd ,d xqyke nks ls nl fnjge ewY; rd fcd x;k A eokjhu ugj ] bZjkd vkSj [kqjklku rd ds cktkj mu yksxksa ls Hkj x, tks xqyke [kjhnus vk, Fksa xksjs ] dkys ] xjhc vkSj vehj lc xqykeh dh tathjksa eas ,d lkFk ca/k x, A ^^ vc lkseukFk dh ckjh Fkh A tdfj;k vy dktokuh uked eqfLye bfrgkldkj us viuh iqLrd ^ vklk#y fcykn ^ esa fy[kk gS fd ^ flrEcj lu 1025 bZ 0 esa lkseukFk dk iru gqvkA yxHkx 50000 ls Hkh vf/kd O;fDr tks ogk¡ ektwn Fks dRy dj fn, x, A 20000000 nks djksM+ nhukj ewY; dh lEIfRr ywV yh x;h A efUnj /oLr dj fn;k x;k llkseukFk dh eq[; ewfrZ ds VqdM+s VqdM+s dj fn, x, vkSj mldks tkek efLyn dh lhf<+;ksa esa yekus fy, xtuh Hkst fn;k x;k ftlls og lnSo eqlyekuksa ds iSjksa ey jkSanh tkrh jgs A ^^

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Hkkjr ij 'kklu djus okys lSdM+ksa eqlyeku lqYrkuksa vkSj ckn'kkgksa esa dnkfpr dksbZ Hkh nwljk O;fDr Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa dh n`f"V esa bruk iz'kaflr vkSj lEekfur ugha gS ftruk vkSjx a tsc A izk0s Qty vgen us dgk gS % cpiu ls gh vkSjx s tsc dk ân; bLyke dh f'k{kkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gks x;k Fkk A ;qokOkLFkk esa mlus vius thou dk ,d gh 11 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

/;s; cuk fy;k % bLyke dh f'k{kkvksa ds vuq:i vius dks k tkrk gS bius 'kklu ds izFke o"kZ esa gh mlus ladYi fd;k bLyke u, eafnjksa fuekZ.k dh vuqefr ugha nsrk ] 1664 bZ 0 esa tc og xqtjkr esa okbljk; Fkk mlus vgenkckn esa uofufeZr fparkef.k uked fgUnw eafnj dks vifo= djus ds fy, ogk¡ xk; dk o/k djok;k vkSj mlds ckn mldks efLtn esa ifjofRkZr dj fn;k x;k -----------------------------------mldk ,d vkns'k tks vHkh ewy :i esa miyC/k gS mlds 'kklu dky esa izkjaHk esa tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk A mlds }kjk LFkkuh; eqlyeku vQljksa dks dVd ls esfnuhiqj rd mM+hlk ds izR;sd xk¡o rFkk uxj esa fiNys 10 & 12 o"kkZsa eas fufeZr lHkh eafnjksa dks pkgs og ,d >ksiM+h dh D;ksa u gks /oLr djus vkSj iqjkus eafnjksa dh ejEer izfrcaf/kr djus ds vkns'k fn, x, gSA vius 'kklu ds 12 osa o"kZ esa 9 vizy S 1669 bZ0 dks mlus ,d lkoZtfud vkns'k tkjh fd;k % dkfQj fgUnqvksa ds lHkh Ldwy vkSj efUnj /oLr dj fn, tk,a vkSj fgUnw /keZ dh f'k{kk u nh tk, aA vc fgUnqvksa ds vfr lEekfur iwtk LFkyksa dh ckjh Fkh % xqtjkr dk lkseukFk eafnj ] dk'kh dk fo'oukFk eafnj vkSj eFkqjk ds'kojk; eafnj ------------------------------ lwcksa ds xouZj pSu ls ugha cSB ldrs Fks rc rd fd og ckn'kkg dks ;g izek.ki= u Hkstsa fd ¼ eafnjksa ] Ldwyksa ds /oLr djus ds ½ mlds vkns'kksa dk iw.kZ :i ls ikyu fd;k tk pqdk gS A ¼ lj tnqukFk ljdkj % fgLVªh vkQ vkSjx a tsc ] i`0 174 & 175 ½

12 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

10 vizy S 1665 dks ,d vkns'k tkjh fd;k x;k A fodz; ds fy, yk, x, lHkh lkeku ij ljdkjh fcdzhdj
¼ Vhiw lqYrku ½

ekykckj esa eqfLye eksiyk fonzkgs ds le; ml {ks= esa vYila[;d fgUnqvksa dks ryokj vkSj dqjku esa ls ,d dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, foo'k fd;k x;k Fkkk A viuh tku cpkus ds fy, 5000 fgUnqvksa us bLyke xzg.k fd;k A ftUgksua s badkj dj fn;k muds flj dkV Mkys x, A bl ?kVuk ij dq[;kr dkaxszlh usrk gljr eksgkuh us dgk Fkk % ^^ fgUnqvksa dks bLyke vkSj ryokj esa ls ,d dks pquus dks dgk x;k Fkk A ;fn mUgksua s bLyke dks pqu fy;k rks ;g rks LosPNk ls bLyke xzg.k djuk dgk tk,xk A ^ ¼ fycjsVj % 26&08&1926 rFkk ,MoMZ ekfVZej % QsFk ,aM ikoj i`0 196 ½ iwoksnZ /k`r izk0as Qty vgen dh eqfLye cPpksa ds fy, fy[kh iqLrd Vhiw lqYrku ^ esa blh izdkj cykr /kekZUrj.k dks [kq'kh [kq'kh bLyke xzg.k djuk crkdj Vhiw lqYrku dks ,d n;kyq iztkoRly ] iaFkfujis{k vkSj bLyke dk 'kkafr&iwoZ kbZ x;h Aa dqN nsj lkspus ds i'pkr os [kq'kh [qk'kh bLyke xzg.k djus dks rS;kj gks x, A mUgsa eqlykeu cuk fy;k x;k A ^ izk0sa Qty vgen [kwc tkurs gSa fd bu fgUnw ;q) cafn;ksa dks [kq'kh [kq'kh bLyke xzg.k djus ls badkj dk vFkZ dwzjrk iwod Z e`R;q naM A blfy, bls [kq'kh [kq'kh bLyke xzg.k crkuk gljr eksgkuh ds LosPNk ls bLyke xzg.k djus dh Hkk¡fr yTtktud vkSj gkL;kLin gS a ,p 0 Mh 0 'kekZ dh iqLrd ^^ n jh;y Vhiw ^^ ] izdk'kd _f"k ifCyds'kUl 76 & pfUnzdk dkyksuh ] okjk.klh esa m)`r ljnkj if.kDdj }kjk bafM a ;k vkfQLk yanu essa miyc/k Vhiw ds ewy i=ksa ls Vhiw dk dwzj :i Li"V gks tkrk gS A 13 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

22 ekpZ 1788 dks Vhiw }kjk vCnqy dkfnj dks fy[ks x, i= esa ^ 1200 ls vf/kd fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cuk fy;k x;k gs A muds vusd uEcwnjh iafMr gSa bl lekpkj dk fgUnkvksa esa Hkh [kwc izpkj fd;k tk, A LFkkuh; fgUnw rqEgkjs lkeus is'k fd, tk,a vkSj rc mUgsa eqlyeku cuk fy;k tk, A fdlh Hkh uEcwnzh dks NksM+ u tk, A mudks ml le; rd cUnh j[kk tk, tc rd fd muds fy, cuok, x, ¼ eqfLye ½ oL= rqEgkjs ikl u igq¡p tk,a A 14 fnlEcj 1788 dks Vhiw }kjk dkyhdV fLFkr viuh lsuk ds dekaMj dks % ^^^ ehj glu vyh ds lkFk eSa vius nks vuqpjksa dks Hkst jgk gw¡ A muds lkFk tkdj rqe reke fgUnqvksa dks idM+dj ekj Mkyksa A tks 20 o"kZ dh vk;q ls de gSa mUgsa dkjkxkj es can dj nks vkSj 'ks"k esa ls 5000 dks isM+ksa ls yVdk dj ekj Mkyks A ;g esjk vkns'k gS A 21 fnlEcj 1788 dks Vhiw }kjk 'ks[k dqrcq dks fy[ks x, i=ls % rqEgkjs ikl 242 uk;j cafn;ksa dks /kekZ.rj.k ds fy, Hkstk tk jgk gS A mudks bLyke esa /kEkkZUrfjr dj mudh lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfr ds vuqlkj QgfjLr cukbZ tk, ftlls blh ds vuqlkj mUgsa ikfjrksf"kd bR;kfn fn, tk ldsa mu lHkh L=h iq#"kksa dks leqfpr diM+k iguus dks fn;k tk, A 18 tuojh 17901 dks Vhiw }kjk lS;n vCnqy nqykbZ dks fy[ks x, i= ls ^ iSxEcj ekSgEen vkSj vYykg dh d`ik ls dkyhdV ds yxHkx lHkh fgUnw eqlyeku cuk, tk pqds gSa ] dksphu jkT; dh lhekvksa ij gh dqN fgUnw jg x, gSa ftudk /kekZUrj.k 'ks"k jg x;k gSA mudksa Hkh 'kh?kz eqlyeku cukus dk esj n`<+ ladYi gs gSa bl /;s; dks izkfIr ds fy, eSua s tsgkn NsM+k gqvk gSs A ^^ 19 tuojh 1790 dks Vhiw }kjk cnwzLleu [kk¡ dks fy[ks x, i= ls % ^^ D;k rqEgsa ugha ekywe fd gky esa gh ekykckj esa eSua s egku fot; izkIr dh gS vkSj ¼ ogk¡ ds ½ pkj yk[k fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cuk;k gSa A vc ¼ =ko.kdksj ds ½ ml 'kIr jktk jeu uk;j ij 'kh?kz gh vkdze.k djus dk ladYi gS A bl fopkj ls fd 'kh?kz gh og vkSj mldh iztk eqlyeku cu tk, A eSua s izlUurk iwod Z Jh jax iVue okfil tkus dk fopkj R;kx fn;k gS A izR;{kn'khZ }kjk o.kZu Vhiw }kjk bLyke ds izlkj ds fy, dh tk jgh u`'kalrkvksa dk vk¡[kksa ns[kk gky rRdkyhu iqrx Z kyh ;k=h vkSj bfrgkldkj Qzh ckrksy Z ksekdks us ys[kuh c) fd;k gS a mlus ekykckj esa 1790 esa tks n`'; ns[ks mudk o.kZu bl izdkj gS % igys 30000 ccZj yksxksa ¼ eqlyekuksa ½ dh lsuk vkbZ mlds ihNs Qzp sa dekaMj ,e0 ySyh dk rksi[kkuk Fkk A Vhiw gkFkh ij lokj Fkk vkSj mlds ihNs 30000 eqlyekuksa dh ,d vkSj lsuk py jgh Fkh A dkyh dV ds vf/kdka'k L=h iq#"kksa dks Qk¡lh ij yVdk fn;k x;k A igys ekrkvksa dks Qk¡lh nh x;kh A muds cPps mudh xnZu ls ca/ks gq, Fks A ml u`'kal gR;kjs Vhiw us uaxs fgUnw vkSj bzlkb;ksa dks gkFkh ds iSjksa ls ca/kk odj bruk ?klhVok;k fd mu ykpkj yksxksa ds 'kjhj fpFkM+s fpFkM+s gks x, A fgUnw efUnjksa vkSj fxjtk?kjksa dks vifo= fd;k x;k ] tyk;k x;k vkSj fQj [kqnok fn;k x;k A ------------------------ftu yksxksa us eqlyeku cuus ls badkj fd;k mudk mlh LFkku ij rRdky o/k dj fn;k x;k A mijksDr rF; eSus mu yksxksa ls bdVBs fd, gSa tks Vhiw dh lsuk ls fdlh izdkj cp dj Hkkx fudys vkSj ojkiq>k igq¡pus esa lQy gks x, A ;g LFkku dkj

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ekbdy fdzf'p;u fe'ku dk dsUnz gS A eSusa LOk;a cgqr ls yksxksa dh ojkiq>k unh dks ikj djus esa lgk;rk dh A ijrq tc bl lSfud dks yxkk fd mldh ijkt; vaxt zs h lsukvksa }kjk izk;% fuf'pr gS mlus cps [kqps fgUnw eafnjksa dks vkSj muds iqtkfj;ks dks nku nsdj vius fy, fgUnw nsorkvksa ls izkFkZuk djus dh ;kpuk dh A bu eqfLye vkdze.kdkfj;ksa ] 'kkldksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkkjr ds bLYkehdj.k ds /;s; dks izkIr djus ds fy, 1000 o"kkzSa esa tks bfrgkl jpk mlds fo"k; esa foy M~;wjVas us viuh iqLrd ^^fgLVh vkQ flfoykbts'ku ^^ esa fy[kk gS fd % fo'o ds bfrgkl dh vR;f/kd jDrjaftr xkFkk bLyke ds 'kkludky dh gS mlds QyLo:i 'kkgtgk¡ dk dky vkrs vkrs fgUnqvksa dh n'kk D;k gks x;h Fkh mldk o.kZu djrs gq, 'ks[k vCnqjgZ eku fy[krs gsa fd ^^ vfXu iwtd vkSj fgUnw brus Hk;Hkhr jgrs Fksa fd lM+dsa vkSj cktkjksa esa [kqyv s ke xkSo/k gksus ij Hkh dksbZ cksy ugha ldrk A bLyke bruk cy'kkyh gks x;k gS fd fgUnw [kq'kh [kq'kh viuh csfV;k¡ ckn'kkg vkSj vehjksa dks ns nsrs gSa A

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lwfQ;ksa }kjk Hkkjr dk bLykehdj.k lwfQ;ksa ds dkjukeksa nks vaxt zs h iqLrds gky gh esa izdkf'kr gqbZ gSa ] ,d gS lS;n vFkj vCckl fjtoh dh iqLrd ^^ n fgLVªh vkQ lwfQTe bu bf.M;k ^^A bl iqLrd ds nks [k.Mksa esa yxHkx 1000 i`"B gSa nwljh iqLrd ^^ Jkbu ,.M dYV vkQ eksbuqÌhu fp'rh vkQ vtessj ^^ gSa ] ys[kd gSa ih0 ,e0 djh A l0 vcdy glu vyh unoh dh iqLrd ^ eqfLyEl bu bafM;k ^ rFkk yhxslh vkQ eqfLye :y bu bf.M;k Hkh bl fo"k; ij i;kZIr izdk'k Mkyrh gSA A bl v/;k; esa geus eq[;r;k bUgha iqLrdksa dks vk/kkj cuk;k gS A ^^ tkQj eDdh }kjk 11-12-1489 bZ0 ds ,d i= ds vuqlkj fgUnqvksa ds bLyke esa /kekZUrj.k ds eq[; lk/ku Fks % e`R;q& Hk; ] iwjs ifjokj dh xqykeh dk Hk; ] vkfFkZd izkRs lkgu ] izyksHku ¼ iq#Ldkj ] isU'ku ] ;q) ] ywV ½ fgUnqvksa esa O;kIr va/kfo'oklska dh dêjrk rFkk fe'kufj;ksa }kjk mUgsa Qqlyk;k tkuk ^^ ] ekSgEen fcu dkfle ls ysdj vfUre eqfLye 'kkld rd Hkkjr esa fcuk viokn lHkh eqfLye lqYrkuksa vkSj ckn'kkgksa us mi;qDZ Rk rjhdksa dk fgUnqvksa ds /kekZUrj.k ds fy, lqfo/kkuqlkj mi;ksx fd;k A ;|fi bl yksHk ] izkRs lkgu ] tksj tcjnLrh ] e`R;qHk; ] vkfFkZd ncko vkSj xqykeh ds Hk; ls lglzksa fgUnw bLyke xzg.k dj jgs Fks ijUrq fQj Hkh Hkkjr dh fo'kky tula[;k dks vkSj fgUnqvksa ds esa /kekZUrj.k ds fojks/k dks ns[krs gq, mldh xfr vfr /kheh Fkh A bl deh dks iwjk djus rFkk vQxkfuLrku ] bZjku bR;kfn ns'ksa dh rjg Hkkjr ds lEiw.kZ bLykehdj.k ds /;s; dh izkfEr ds fy, lwfQ;ksa us chM+k mBk;k A fo'kky Hkkjr ds xk¡o xk¡o ] dLckssa dLcksa vkSj 'kgjksa ds vklikl yk[kksa etkjsa rFkk dfFkr ckck ;k ihj yksaxksa dh gSA ftuesa ls vf/kdka'k ds lkFk xkth vFkok 'kghn 'kCn tqM+k gS A xkth ,d iz'kaflr in ekuk tkrk gS bldk vFkZ gS fdlh dkfQj dh gR;k djus okyk egkiq#"k Hkys gh og gR;k NYk ls dh x;h gksa A 'kghn dk vFkok fdlh dkfQj ds gkFk ls ekjk tkus okyk vFkok bLyke dh mUufr ds fy, ;q) esa vFkok fczfV'k 'kklu }kjk e`R;q naM ik;k O;fDr A ;s yksx dksbZ lar egkRek ugha Fks A ;s rks mu eqfLye lsuk ds lk/kkj.k lSfud vFkok NksVs cM+s dek.Mj Fks tks Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k ds fy, mu {ks=ksa esa v, Fks A vkSj ml LFkku ij ;q) esa fgUnqvksa }kjk ekj Mkys x, Fksa A ckn esa muds vuq;kf;;ksa }kjk mudh dcz dks etkj dk :i ns fn;k x;k A peRdkj ] d"V fuokj.k djus ds fdLls izpkfjr dj fn, x, A va/k fo'oklh ] ewfrZ iwtd fgUnw vius iRFkj ds nsoh nsorkvksa ls fujk'k gksdj mudh iwtk esa tqV x, A buesa vf/kdka'k dczsa mu lwfQ;ksa dh Hkh gSa ftUgksaus cM+s iSekus ij fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cuk;k A ;s lwQh yksx /kEkkZurj.k ds tquuw esa brus ljksckj Fks fd le; le; ij ryokjsa mBkdj dkfQjksa ds fo#) ;q) eas Hkh mrj vkrs Fks A flygV ds 'ks[k tykyk vkSj muds rqfdZLrkuh f'k"; e/; ,sf'k;k ls vk, [oktxku uD'kcUnh bl ijEijk ds dqN mnkgj.k gSa A bu yksxksa dks vius iwot Z lwfQ;ksa }kjk bZjku rFkk e/; ,f'k;k ds dkfQjksa ds lkewfgd 16 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

/kekZUrj.k dk vuqHko Fkk ftldk mi;ksx Hkkjr esa fgUnqvksa ds /kekZUrj.k ds fy, djuk pkgrs Fks A crk;k tkrk gS fd 14 oha 'krkCnh esa bLekbyh izpkjdksa }kjk vius fgUnw HkDrksa es ;g izpkj fd;k tkrk Fkk fd ¼ pkSFks [kyhQk½ vyh fo".kq ds 10 oss vorkj ] vkne f'ko ds nwljs Lo:i vkSj ekSgEen lkgc okLro esa czã Fks A ¼ fjtoh 1 ] i`0 110 ½ osn vkSj iqjk.kksa esa ekSgEen lkgc dk o.kZu gS ;g nq"izpkj Hkh eqfLye fo}kuksa }kjk fyf[kr vusd iqLrdksa esa fd;k tk jgk gS Aa fgUnqvksa ij izHkko Mkys ds fy, ;s yksx u dsoy fgUnw laU;kfl;kssa vkSj ;ksfx;ksa tSlh os"kHk"kk viuk ysrs Fks vfirq taxyksa esa tkdj fgUnw lUrksa dh rjg ;ksx lk/kuk vkSj riL;k dk Hkh
ek¡xus dh fourh djus dks dgrs Fks A lkFk gh lkFk mUgsa ;g lgst Hkh nsrs Fks fd ;g lc xqIr :i ls djsa D;ksfa d LFkkuh; fgUnqvksa }kjk fonzkgs dk Hk; lnSo cuk jgrk Fkk A tc dkQh HkDr vYykg vkSj ekSgEen ds vuq;k;h gks tkrs Fks rks 'ks"k fgUnw Lo;a gh muls Hk;Hkhr gksus yxrs Fks A lwQh viuk rkyesy eqlyeku tehankjksa vkSj 'kklu ds nwljs vf/kdkfj;ksa ls cuk, j[krs Fksa blfy, 'kklu ls U;k; ikus ds yksHk esa vus yksx muds d`ik ik= cuus ds fy, bLyke xzg.k dj ysrs Fks A fgUnw tehankjksa dks eqlyeku cukuk fo'ks"k y{; jgrk Fkk D;ksfa d mu yksxksa ds /keZ ifjorZu ls tehankj dh leLr tkfr vFkok iztk dk /keZ ifjorZu ljy gks tkrk Fkk A lwfQ;ksa dh /keZ ifjorZu dh yxu dk iwjk vUnktk yxkus ds fy, mudk lai.w kZ bfrgkl i<+uk vko';d gS dqN mnkgj.k Åij fn, x, gSa A ,d vkSj mnkgj.k #nkSyh ds 'ks[kvgen vCnqy gd ds oa'kt 'ks[k vCnqy jgeku fp'rh dk gS A bUgksua s laLd`r esa viwoZ fo}rk gkfly dh Fkh A mldk mi;ksx mUgksua s Hkxonxhrk ds vFkZ dks bLykeh n'kZu ds jax esa jax dj mldk izpkj djus esa fd;k A bUgksua s fe'krqy & e[kywdke uked iqLrd Hkh fy[kh ftlesa ;ksx okf'k"B dh fo'oksRifRr dks eqfLye fo'okl dk jax fn;k A dqN yksxksa dk fo'okl gS fd lwfQLe Hkkjrh; n'kZu ds HkfDr vkSj /;ku ;ksx dh gh mit gS ftldk izHkko bLyke ds inkiZ.k ls igys e/; ,f'k;k vkSj mlds vkl ikl ds {ks=ksa esa O;kid :i ls gks x;k Fkk A pkgs Hkkjrh; n'kZu dh lwfQTe ds fodkl esa dksbZ Hkwfedk jgh gks ;k u jgh gks eqfLye lwQh gj izdkj dÍj etgch eeeeqlyeku gksrs gSa vkSj fgUnw dkfQjksa ] ewfrZ iwtdksa bR;kfn dks bLyke esa nhf{kr djuk vFkok mudks lewy u"V dj nsuk viuk eq[; /kkfeZd dRrZ; le>rs gSa A lwfQ;ksa dh vusd ijEijk,a gSa A buds /;ku ] dhrZu vkfn ds rjhdksa esa vusd Hksn gks ldrs gSa ijUrq fgUnqvksa ds izfr mu lcdk n`f"Vdks.k ogh gS tks ,d etgch eqlyeku dk gksuk pkfg, A mudks eqlyeku cukuk vU;Fkk u"V dj nsuk A ¼ fjtoh 1 ] i`061 ½ 1000 bZ0 ds ckn Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k dk tks nwljk pj.k ¼ ys[kd dh iqLrd% Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k ds pkj pj.k ½ izkjEHk gqvk mlesa ,d vksj rks egkewn xtuoh ls izkjEHk gksdj nwljs vusd vkdzked ryokj vkSj dqjku ysdj Hkkjr esa ?kqls vFkok muds oa'ktksa us Hkkjr esa bLyke dk foLrkj ryokj ds cy ij fd;k A nwljh vksj lwQh yksx eq[k esa Hktu ] dhrZu peRdkj ds nkos vkSj cxy esa ryokj vkSj dqjku ysdj vk, A buesa ls vf/kdka'k izdV :i ls ryokj dk mi;ksx ugha fd;k fdUrq dqN ,sls Hkh Fks tks vko';drk iM+us ij ryokj ysdj Lo;a Hkh ftgkn esa mrj iM+rs Fks A lwQh brus 'kfDr'kkyh Fks fd eqxydky ds iru ds le; tc esokM+ vkSj ekjokM+ ds jktiwr Lora= gks x, rc Hkh os ukxkSj esa lwfQ;ksa ds izHkko dks de ugha dj lds A tc vykmÌhu f[kyth us nf{k.k eas nsofxfj fot; fd;k rks lSdM+ksa lwfQ;ksa us ogk¡ tkdj viuh [kkudkgsa LFkkfir dj yh vkSj /kekZUrj.k dk;Z esa yx x, A buesa ls dqN us [kqYk dj fgUnqvksa ds fo#) ;q) esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj brus fgUnqvksa dk o/k fd;k fd muds uke ds lkFk dRrky vkSj dqIQkj Hkatu tSls 'kCn tqM+ x, A buesa dqN nwljs ,sls Hkh Fks tks o"kkZsa rd taxyksa esa ;ksx lk/kuk vkSj riL;k dk
egewn xtuoh ds vkdze.ksa ds lkFk lkFk 11 oha [krkCnh esa gh e/; ,f'k;k ls cgqr ls lqUuh lwQh 'ks[k Hkkjr esa vk dj clus izkjEHk gks x, Fks A

caxkyh yM+kdww lwfQ;ksa esa ,d eq[; uke gS flygV ds 'ks[k tyky dk A

xqytkj , vcjkj ds vuqlkj 'ks[k tyky tUe ls rqfdZLrkuh Fkk vkSj flyflys [oktxku ds lS;n vgenelkch dk [kyhQk Fkk A mldh fourh ij tyky ds ihj us mUgsa vk'khokZn fn;k Fk fd og ftl izdkj vkfRed ftgkn esa fot;h gq, gSa mlh Hkkafr nk#y gcZ ¼ dkfQjksa ds ns'k ½ esa Hkh dqQz ds fo#) ftgkn esa lQy gksa lS;n us vius izfrHkk'kkyh 700 f'k";ksa dks 'ks[k tyky ds lkFk bl fe'ku ij HkstkA ;g dksbZ 'kkfUriw.kZ /keZ izpkj ugha Fkk A ;q) esa feyh ywV ls og ,s'k dk thou fcrkrk Fkk A 'ks[k ekxZ esa fot; fd, x, {ks=ksa esa blyke ds izpkj ds fy, vius lkfFk;ksa dks NksM+rk tkrk Fkk A tc og flygV igq¡pk rks mlds lkFk dsoy 313 lkFkh jg x, Fks A ijUrq vius 383 f'k";ksa ds iz;kl ls tks vc rd ds foftr {ks=ksa ij 'kklu LFkkfir dj pqds Fks fdruh l'kL= lsuk jktk xkS<+ xksfoUn ds fo#) ;q) djus ds fy, Hksth mldk o.kZu bfrgkldkj ugha djrk A vkdze.kdkjh lsuk dh la[;k de vkSj fojks/kh lsuk dh la[;k c<+kp<+kdj crkus dk rkRIk;Z gksrk gS eqfLye lsuk ds fot;h gksus ds dkj.k blyke ij vYykg dh fo'ks"k d`ik n'kkZuk eqlyeku bfrgkldkj fy[krk gS % ogk¡ mudk jktk xkS<+ xksfoUn dh dbZ yk[k iSny lsuk dk dbZ lgLkz ¼ eqfLye ½ ?kqM+lokjksa dh lsuk ls Hk;kud ;q) + gqvk vkSj 'ks[k tyky fot;h gq, A mUgksua s foftr {ks= dks vius lkfFk;ksa esa ck¡V fn;k ] ogk¡ dh vkSjrksa ls fookg dj fy;k vkSj os ogha cl x, A 'ks[k tyky ds ckjs esa vusd peRdkjh dkgkfu;k¡ izfl) gks x;h A tSls fd og izkr% dky eDdk esa uekt i<+dj vkrs gSa A bu peRdkjh ckrksa ls izHkkfor gksdj vusd fgUnw vkSj ckS) muds HkDr gksdj eqlyeku gks x, A 'ks[k tyky vkSj mlds rqfdZLrkuh f'k"; e/; ,sf'k;k ds [oktxku vkSj uD'kcfUn;k ,sls lwQh Fks fd os ;nk dnk dqN o"kZ ryokj ysdj ftgkn djrs Fks vkSj fgUnqvksa dk /kekZUrj.k djrs Fks A 'kRrfj;k ] dkfnjb;k vkSj uD;kcfUn;k ] flyflys es lwQh ftUgksua s 14 oha 'krkCnh esa viuh [kkudkgsa LFkkfir djuh izkjDHk dj nh Fkha vius iwot Z ksa }kjk e?; ,f'k;k vkSj Qkjl ds bLykehdj.k ds vuqHkoksa ls [kwcw ifjfpr Fks vkSj ml /keZ ifjorZu ds vuqHko dk iz;ksx mUgksua s vius dks fgUnqLrku dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
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cgjkbp dk lykj egewn xkth mu lwfQ;ksa esa tks ryokj ydj Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k ds fy, bl ns'k esa ?kqls ,d fo'ks"k uke gS 'kghn fliglkykj elwn xkth dk ftldk lk/kkj.kr;k xkth fe;k¡ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS A bldh okLrfod etkj mRrj izn's k ds iwohZ tuin cgjkbp esa gS A ;g lqYrku egen xtuoh dh cfgu dk iq= Fkk vkSj lkseukFk ds efUnj dks rqM+okus ds fy, egen dks mlus gh izfs jr fd;k Fkk A blus vius firk vkSj ?kqM+lokjksa ds lkFk xtuh ls pydj iatkc esa izo's k fd;kA ekxZ esa ywV ds yksHk esa vusd uo/kekZUrfjr eqlyeku blds lkFk tqM+rs x, A izkjEHk ls fgUnqvksa ds lkeus bldk ,d gh izLrko Fkk ^^ bLyke ;k e`R;q ^^ A ftl LFkku ls pydj ;g iatkc ls cgjkbp igq¡pk ml ekxZ ij vkt lglzksa etkjsa mlds mu lkfFk;ksas dh gSa tks fgUnqvksa ls ;q) djrs ml LFkku ij ekjs x, A mu lcds uke ds lkFk xkth] 'kghn] ihj vFkok ckck vknj lwpd 'kCn tksM+ fn, x, gSa A xkth vFkkZr dkfQj dk o/k djus okyk A 'kghn vFkkZr~ dkfQj ds gkFk ls /keZ;) q esa ekjk tkus okyk A ihj vFkkZr~ peRdkfjd xq# A ckck vFkZr~ lk/kq ] Qdhj vFkook vknj.kh; xq# A cgqr ckn esa vaxt zs h dky esa ;s 'kCn mu yksxksa uke ds lkFk tksM+ fn, x, ftUgsa lkEiznkf;d naxksa vFkok fgUnqvksa ds dRy ds vkjksi esa vaxt zs h 'kklu }kjk e`R;q n.M fn;k x;k A pkj o"kZ dh vk;q ls gh lykj elwn dks bLyke dh f'k{kk nh x;h Fkh ] 50000 ?kqM+lokjksa ds lkFk mlus flU/kq unh ikj dh A mldh vk;q ml le; 17 o"kZ Fkh ;g lsuk tgk¡Hkh igq¡ph rckgh ep x;h A egewn xtuoh ds nks vkdze.kksa us eqYrku dks igys ohjku dj fn;k Fkk A ogk¡ ds jktk mN esa tdj cl x, Fks A mUgksua s elwn ls dgyok;k fd fons'kh Hkwfe ij bl izdkj vkdze.k djus dk D;k vkSfpR; gS \ elwn us mRrj fn;k % Hkwfe vYykg dh gS A og vius ftl nkl dks nsuk pkgrk gS nsrk gS A esjs iwoZtksa dk ;gh fo'okl jgk gS fd dkfQjksa dks eqlyeku cukuk dRrZO; gS A ;fn og gekjk /keZ Lohdkj dj ysa rks Bhd vU;Fkk gesa mudk o/k dj nsuk pkgf, A blds i'pkr elwn us fgUnw jktkvksa ij vkdze.k fd;k vkSj vla[; fgUnqvks dks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;k A cgqr ls rqdZ Hkh ekjs x, A o"kkZ _rq ds vUr rd elwn eqYrku esa gh iM+ jgk A mlds ckn og vo/k dh vksj py iM+k A ekxZ ea mlus viuk bLyke vFkok e`R;q dk vfHk;ku vxyh cjlkr ds vUr rd tkjh j[kk A o"kkZ _rq ds i'pkr~ og fnYyh dh vksj py iM+k jktk eghiky fnYyh dk 'kkkld Fkk A mldh fo'kky lsuk ls elwn Hk;Hkhr gqvk ijUrq mlh le; xtuh ls ubZ lsuk mldh lgk;rk ds fy, vk igq¡ph A bl ;q) esa Hkh vla[;a fgUnw ekjs x, A cgqr ls rqdZ ljnkj Hkh [ksr jgs A egkjkt eghiky Hkh ;q) esa ohjxfr dks izkIr gq, A rqdhZ ljnkj tgk¡ ejs ogha nQu dj fn, x, vkSj dqN le; mijkUr vKkuh fgUnqvksa ds mikL; cu x, A vusd fgUnw Hk; vkSj yksHk ls eqlyeku gks x, A /kekZUrfjr fgUnqvksa esa ls 5000 vFkok 6000 yksxksa dh ubZ lsuk HkrhZ dh x;h A bls ckn elwn eUukSt dh vksj py iM+k A ogk¡ ds jkt vt;iky us tks egewn }kjk ijkLr fd;k tk ;qdk Fkk mldh dkQh vkoHkxr vkSj lgk;rk dh A ogk¡ elwn us xaxk ikj dh vkSj lrfj[k ¼ lhrkiqj tuin ½ dh vksj py iM+k A lrfj[k fgUnqvksa dk ifo= rhFkZ Fkk vkSj ogk¡ fgUnqvksa dh ?kuh vkcknh Fkh A blfy, mlus 20 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

ogk¡ Msjk Mkyk vkSj vius ljnkjksa dks lsuk nsdj pkjks vksj Hkstrs le; dgk % ge rqEgsa vYykg ds lqinq Z djrs gS A rqe tgk¡ tkvks igys le>k cq>kdj fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cukvks A ;fn os bLyke xzg.k dj ysa rks mu ij n;k djuk vU;Fkk mudk o/k dj nsuk A fQj og xys feydj viuh viuh fn'kk esa py fn, A eqfLye bfrgkldkj fy[krk gS dSlk vn~Hkqr n`'; gS dSlh vn~Hkqr fe=rk \ dSlk vn~Hkqr fo'okl gS fd dsoy lR;er ¼ bLyke ½ ds izpkj ds fy, fcuk Hk; ds bl izdkj dwn iM+uk \ ehj cf[r;kj nf{k.k dh vksj py iM+k vkSj dkuiqj rd igq¡p x;k A ogk¡ og ;q) esa ekjk x;k A ogk¡ mldh fo';kr etkj gS A elwn us vehj glu vjc dks egkuk ij vkSj ehj lS;n vthtqíhu dks xksikeÅ ij vkØe.k djus Hkstk A ehj lS;n vthtqíh vc yky ihj ds uke ls ml {ks= esa e'kgwj gS A efyd Qty dks cukjl ij vkØe.k djus ds fy, Hkstk x;k A elwn lrfj[k es gh Bgjk jgk A bl le; djkZ vkSj ekfudiqj ds jktkvkas us elwn dks muds ns'k ls 'kkfUriwod Z okfil tkus ds fy, vU;Fkk ;q) ds fy, rS;kj jgus ds fy, nwr Hksts A elwn us mRrj fn;k % ge ;gk¡ ekSt eLrh ds fy, ugha vk, gSa A ge ;gh jgsaxs vkSj bl Hkwfe ls dqQz vkSj dkfQjksa dks lewy u"V dj nsaxs A lykj elwn ds fliglkykj lSQíq hu us cgjkbp esa rqjUr lgk;rk ek¡xh rks elwn us mldh lgk;rk ds fy, lrfj[k ls cdjkbp ds fy, izLFkku fd;k A cgjkbp esa fgUnqvksa dk ,d rhFkZ LFkku lwjt dq.M gksrk Fkk A ogk¡ lw;Z nsork dh ,d izfrek Fkh vkSj ns'k Hkj ls fgUnw lw;Z xzg.k ds volj ij ogk¡ iwtk vkSj dq.M esa Luku ds fy, vkrs Fks A elwn dks ;g ns[kdj vikj d"V gksrk Fkk A og cgq/kk dgk djrk Fkk fd og dqQz ds bl x<+ dks u"V dj nsxk A fdUrq cgjkbp esa pkjksa vksj ls fgunw jktkvksa us viuh viuh lsuk ds lkFk elwn dks ?ksj fy;k A ckj ckj ;q) gksrk jgk ] 15 twu 1033 dks lka;dky ds le; iklh jktk lqgy nso ds ,d ck.k ls elwn dk izk.kkUr gks x;k A iwjh eqfLye lsuk u"V gks x;h A elwn ds vkns'k ls ftrus eqqlyeku lSfud ejrs Fks os lwjt dq.M esa Mky fn, tkrs Fks A elwn dk fopkkj Fkk fg mudh nqxUZ /k ls fgUnw vius rhFkZ dks Hkz"V le> dj R;kx nsx a s A elwn dh e`R;q ds ckn mls ogk¡ nQu dj fn;k x;k tgk¡ mldh e`R;q gqbZ Fkh A ckn esa bl {ks= ea eqfLye jkT; gks tkus ij mls lwjt dq.M ds ikl nQuk fn;k x;k A ¼ lzksr % bfy;V ,.M Mkmlu % fgLVªh vkQ bf.M;k ckbZ bV~l vksu fgLVkfj;Ul [k.M&2 i`"B 529%547 ½ y[kum dk [kEeu ihj ckck lykj elwn ds ryokj vFkok bLyke vfHk;ku esa ekjs x, lglzksa yksxksa dh vusd etkjksa esa nks etkjsa y[kum ds fgUnw fuokfl;ksa dh vHkh dqN 235 & 730 o"kksZa ls vR;Ur J)k vkSj iwtk dh dsUnz cu x;h gS A ,d gS pkjckx dk [kEeuihj ckckA bldh etkj y[kum taD'ku esa jsy dh iVfj;ksa ds chp cuh gS A igys bldk dksbZ uke Hkh ugha tkurk Fkk A b/kj fuNys 25 & 30 o"kkZsa ls blds lglzksa fgUnq HkDr cu x, gSa vkSj ljdkjh Hkwfe ?ksjdj bldk viwoZ foLrkj dj fy;k x;k gS A lIrkg esa ,d fnu esyk yxrk gS vkSj y[kum taD'ku dk LokHkkfod dk;Z vLr O;Lr gks tkrk gS A lglzksa fgUnw jsy dh iVfj;ksa dks dwnrs Qk¡nrs etkj ij tkrs vkrs gSa A fnydq'kk y[kuÅ dk gtjr 'kghn dkfle ckck y[kuÅ pkjckx ea fLFkr [kEeu ijckck dh etkj dh rjg fnydq'kk esa fLFkr gtjr 'kghn dkfle ckck dh etkj Hkh fgaUnqvksa dh fo'ks"k J)k dh dsUnz gS A 21 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

ek;korh ljdkj dk ea=h jktHkj vius jksxkas ls ihNk NqM+kus gsrq bl njxkg dh 'kj.k esa tkrk jgk gS A ¼ nSfud tkxj.k 6&9&1995 ½ [kEeu ihj ckck dh rjg dkfle ckck Hkh 'kghn lykj elwn xkth ds lkFk leLr Hkkjr fuokfl;ksa dks ryokj ds cy ij eqlyeku cukus ds bjkns ls vk;k Fkk vkSj mlh rjg fgUnqvksa ls ;q) djrs gq, y[kuÅ esa ekjk x;k A blh fy, mlds uke ds lkFk 'kghn 'kCn eqlyekuksa us tksM+k A nSfud tkxj.k y[kuÅ 25-07-1994 ds vuqlkj fnydq'kk xkMsuZ fLFkr gtjr 'kghn dkfle ckck dh etkj ij pknj p<+kdj J)klqeu vfiZr djus ds ckn ogk¡ vk;ksftr lekjksg dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, Jh cksjk xouZj mRrj izns'k us dgk fd Hkkjr esa _f"k eqfu;ksa vkSj lwQh lUrksa us ekuork dh tks lcls cM+k lans'k fn;k gS og fdlh ns'k] /keZ] tkfr vkSj lEiznk; rd gh lhfer ugha gS A gtjr 'kghn dkfle ckck us Hkh ekuo tkfr ds m)kj ds fy, /keZ ] tkfr ] Hkk"kk vkSj {ks= dh ladh.kZrkvksa ds Åij mBdj isze] ,drk] vkSj ekuork dk iSxke fn;k gS A mugksua s izlUurk O;Dr dh fd izn's k ds eq[;ea=h Jh eqyk;e flag ;kno us gtjr 'kghn dkfle ckck dh etkj rd lEidZ ekxZ fufeZr djk fn;k gS rFkk ogk¡ fctyh ikuh dh Hkh leqfpr O;oLFkk djk nh gS A mlh lekjksg dks lEcksf/kr djrs gq, Jh eqyk;e flag ;kno Hkw0 iw0 eq[;ea=h m0 iz0 rFkk iwoZ j{kkea=h ¼ Hkkjr ljdkj ½ us dgk fd % 900 o"kZ ls Hkh iqjkuh bl njxkg ij lHkh /kekZas rFkk vkLFkk ds yksx ureLrd gksrs gSa a mUgksua s dgk fd ;g gekjh xaxk tequh rgthc dk mRd`"V uewuk gS A 'kghn ckck ds jk"Vªh; ,drk rFkk lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko rFkk vkilh izse vkSj HkkbZ pkjs dks etcwr cukus ds Qros dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsxk A njxkg ds vkl ikl dh Hkwfe lsuk ds LokfeRo esa Fkh ftls gLrkUrfjr dj njxkg dks ns fn;k x;k A ftl ns'k ds fgUnw xouZj ] eq[;ea=h vkSj ea=h ,sls euq"; dks ftlds thou dk /;s; dh vafre le; rd mds iwot Z ksa dks ryokj ds cy ij /kekZUrfjr djuk jgk gks ] ftlus bLyke Lohdkj u djus ds dkj.k lglzksa fgUnqvksa dk o/k dj fn;k gks ,sls /kekZU/k O;fDr dks jk"Vªh; ,drk ] lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko vkSj HkkbZ pkjs dk lans'k nsus okyk vkSj Hkkjr ds _f"k eqfu;ksa tSlk izpkfjr djrs gksa ] ogk¡ lk/kkj.k vui<+ fgUnw vius xouZj ] eq[;ea=h vkSj ea=h dh J)k ns[kdj ,sls Øwj O;fDr dks viuk viuk viuk eqfDrnkrk le>dj mldh iwtk djus yxs rks D;k vk'p;Z gS \ vk'p;Z rks ;g gS fd ;s fof'k"V yksx lwfQ;ksa ds fy, ckj ckj 'kghn vkSj xkth 'kCn dk iz;ksx djrs gSa vkSj mlh lk¡l esa mUgsa jk"Vªh; ,drk rFkk lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko vkSj vkilh HkkbZ pkjs dk lan's k nsus okyk Hkh dgrs gSa \ bu etkjksa ij fgUnqvksa dh la[;k gh vf/kd vkrh gS A bLyke esa etkj iwtk dk fu"ks/k gksus ds dkj.k dqN gh va/kfo'oklh eqlyeku bu ij J)k lqeu p<+kus vkrs gSa A bl izdkj fgUnqvksa ds /ku ls gh mudk foLrkj gks jgk gS A fe;ka dh twrh fe;ka ds flj A

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'ks[k tykyqíhu rcjhth

;g lwQh caxky esa y[kukSrh esa jgrk Fkk A ogk¡ /khjs /khjs blus dkQh Hkwfe ij dCtk dj fy;k A blds ckn ogk¡ vius f'k";ksa dks NksMd + j og nsorYyk pyk x;k A ogk¡ fdlh dkfQj us ,d cM+k efUnj vkSj dqvk¡ cuok;k Fkk A bl lwQh us ml efUnj dks rksM+dj ogk¡ viuh [kkudkg cuk yh vkSj ogk¡ ds fgUnw vkSj ckS) fuokfl;ksa dk cM+h la[;k esa /kekZUrj.k fd;k A ;g egk'k; Hkh fgUnqvksa dh J)k dk ik= gS A mlhd Le`fr esa nsorYyk rcjhtkckn gks x;k gS A caxky esa vius /kekZUrj.k dk;Z ds etcwrh ls laxfBr gks tkus ds ckn ;g mRrj izn's k esa cnk;¡w esa vkdj te x;k vkSj mRlkg ls ;gk¡ Hkh /kekZUrj.k djrk jgk A cnka;uw h ds vuqlkj 'ks[k nkÅn uked lwQh iatkc vkSj flU/k esa 50 ls ysdj 100 rd fgUnqvksa dks izfrfnu eqlyeku cukrk Fkk A lezkV vdCkj ds vkns'kksa ds ckotwn lwQh yksx /kM+Yys ls fgUnqvksa dk /kekZUrj.k dj jgs Fks A tkSuiqj ls ysdj fcgkj rd ds eqfLye cgqy {ks= dknfj;ksa ds j'kfn;k [kkudkvksa dh nsu gS A nhoku vCnqj'Z khn ds oa'ktksa vkSj f'k";ksa ds caxky esa vusd [kkudkgsa LFkkfir dha A 'ks[k fu;kerqYykg dkfnjh vkSj mlds oa'ktksa vkSj f'k";ksa dh lezkV vkSjx a tsc vkSj mlds HkkbZ 'kkgtknk 'kkg'kqtk us cjkcj lgk;rk dh ftlls caxky ds ml Hkkx dk bLykehdj.k gks x;k vkSj vUrr% bLykeh ckaXykns'k cu x;k A

vtesj ds eksbuqíhu fp'rh

Hkkjr ds lwfQ;ksa esa dnkfpr bl lwQh dh [;kfr lcls vf/kd gS A bldks xjho uokt xjhcksa ij d`ik djus okyk Hkh dgk tkrk gS A lezkV vdcj us ,d iq= dh ykylk esa bl dh etkj dh dbZ ckj J)kiwod Z ;k=k dh Fkh A LokHkkfod gS fd rc ls bldk vksgnk vkSj Hkh Å¡pk gks x;k A bl lwQh dks egku lURk] /keZfujis{krk vkSj Hkkjr dh lfEefJr xaxk ;equh laLd`fr dh lk{kkr ewfrZ dgk tkrk gS A /keZfujis{krk dh felky crk;k tkrk gS A NksVs yksxksa dh rks ckr gh NksM+ nsa gekjs iz/kkuea=h vkSj jk"Vªifr Hkh mldh etkj ij tkdj pknj p<+kus ] 'kh'k uokus vkSj eUur ek¡xus ij xoZ djrs gSa A yk[kksa dh la[;k esa ;k=h ftuesa vf/kdka'k fgUnw gksrs gSa izfro"kZ bldh etkj dk n'kZu djrs gSa vkSj yk[kksa #i;s nku esa nsrs gSAa de yksx gh tkurs gSa fd bl O;fDr us Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.kesa fdruh mYys[kuh; Hkwfedk fuHkk;h gS vkSj vkt viuh e`R;q ds yxHkx 800 o"kZ i'pkr~ Hkh fuHkk jgk gS A ih0 ,u0 djht dh iqLrd n Jkbu ,.M dYV vkWQ eqbuqíhu fp'rh vkWQ vtesj esa bldk foLrkjiwod Z o.kZu mn~/k`r fd;k x;k gS A tSls fd deksc's k izR;sd lwQh vkSj etkj ds peRdkjksa dh dgkfu;k¡ e'kgwj gSa eqbuqíhu fp'rh Hkh vius peRdkjksa vkSj flf);ksa ds fy, fo[;kr gS A ;g ekSgEen lkgc ds oa'kt le>s tkrs gSa A bUgksua s lwQh er esa nh{kk mLeku gjokuh ls yh Fkh tks,d egku lwQh le>s tkrs gSa A fl;j vy vkdrkc uked iqLrd ds vuqlkj muds Hkkjr esa inkiZ.k djus ls ogk¡ bLyke dh LFkkiuk gqbZ A mUgksaus vius rdZ vkSj fo}rk ls Hkkjr esa iqjkru dky ls pys vk jgs dqQz vkSj f'kdZ ¼ fgUnw /keZ ½ ds va/ksjs dks u"V dj fn;k A blfy, budks uch vy fgUn ¼ fgUnqLrku dk iSxEcj ½ Hkh dgk tkrk gS A lRrj o"kZ rd og fujarj Hkkjr Hkwfe ij uekt i<+rs jgs A ftl ij mudh n;k n`f"V iM+h og rqjar vYykg dk lkehI; ik x;k A ¼vFkkZr eqlyeku gks tkrk Fkk ½ izR;sd ckj tc og dqjku dk ikB lekIr djrs Fks 23 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

vn`'; ls ,d vkokt vkrh Fkh % eqbUkqíhu rqEgkj ikB Lohdkj gS A ;+|fi dgk tkrk gS fd eqbuqíhu lksuk cukuk tkurs Fks ijUrq ¼ bruk rks lR; gS ½ fd mudh ikd'kkyk es bruk Hkkstu curk Fkk fd uxj ds lHkh nfjnz yksx ogk¡ Hkkstu dj ysrs Fks A ikd'kkyk dk ukSdj tc muds ikl /ku ekaxus tkrk Fkk rks og viuh uekt dh njh dk ,d dksuk mBk nsrs Fks A ogk¡ vikj /kujkf'k jksus ds :i esa iM+h jgrh Fkh A og ukSdj ls dg nsrs Fks ftrkuk pkgs mBk dj ys tk, A dgk tkrk gS fd ,d ckj tc os iSxEcj ekSgEen dh etkj dh rhFkZ ;k=k ij x, rks ,d fnu vanj ls vkokt vkbZ eqbuqíhu dks Hkstks A tc eqbuqíhu njokts ij vkdj [kM+s gq, rks mUgksua s iSxEcj dks cksyrs ns[kk eqbuqíhu rqe esjs etgc dk lkj gks A rqEgsas fgUnqLrku tkuk gS A ogk¡ vtesj gS tgk¡ esjk ,d oa'kt tsgkn djus x;k Fkk A vkSj 'kghn gks x;k vkSj og LFkku dkfQjksa ds dCts esa pyk x;k gS A rqEgkjs pj.k ogk¡ iM+us ls ,d ckj fQj bLyke ogk¡ viuh izfr"Bk izkIr djsxk vkSj dkfQj fgUnw vYykg ds dzks/k ds Hkktu cusaxs A pqukps eqbuqíhu vtesj igq¡ps A ogk¡ igq¡pdj mUgksua s dgk vYykg dk ;'k c<+s D;ksfa d eSus vius Hkzkrk dh lEifRr ij fQj vf/kdkj ik fy;k gS A ;|fi ml le; ogk¡ dh >hy ds pkjksa vksj cgqr ls ewfrZ efUnj Fks ] [oktk us dgk ;fn vYykg vkSj iSxEcj us pkgk rks eq>s bu ewfrZ efUnjksa dks /oLr djus esa nsj ugha yxsxh A fl;j vy vdrkc fQj o.kZu djrk gS fd [oktk us fdl izdkj peRdkfjd rjhdksa ls mu fgUnw xq#vksa ¼ czkã.kksa ½ vkSj fgUnw nsoh nsorkvksa ij fot; izkIr dh tks muds ogk¡ jgus dk ?kksj fojks/k dj jgs Fks A bu dgkfu;ksa esa ls ,d ds vuqlkj ml le; ds fnYyh lezkV~ jk; fiFkkSjk ¼ i`Foh jkt pkSgku ½ dk dksbZ fo'okl?kkrh lsod tks vius Lokeh ls fdUgha dkj.kksa ls }s"k j[krk Fkk [oktk dh 'kj.k vk;kA [oktk us jk; fiFkkSjk ds ikl bl O;fDr dh flQkfj'k Hksth tks jk; fiFkkSjk us vLohdkj dj nh A [oktk us bl ij Øq) gksdj Jki fn;k % geus jk; fiFkSjk dks thfor bLykeh lsukvksa ds gkFksa esa ns fn;k gS Aa bu dgkfu;ksa ds peRdkfjd Hkkx dks NksM+ nsa rks okLrfodrk ;g yxrh gS fd vtesj esa dksbZ lwQh ogk¡ ds fgUnqvksa dk /kekZUrj.k djus vk;k Fkk ftls ogk¡ ds fgUnqvksa us Øksf/kr gksdj ekj Mkyk A [oktk tc gt djus x, rks ogk¡ ;g ckr crkbZ x;h A ml /kekZUrj.k dk;Z djus ij fQj ogk¡ ds /keZfu"B czkã.kksa bR;kfn us mudk fojks/k fd;k fdUrq vius vFkkg /ku ds cy ij tks dnkfpr eqlyeku 'kkldksa }kjk mudks feyrk Fkk mUgksua s LFkkuh; va/kfo'oklh yksxksa esa viuh peRdkfjd 'kfDr;ksa dk izn'kZu dj ¼ tks vusd lk/kq vkSj Qdhj gkFk dh lQkbZ ls vkt Hkh dj fn[kkrs gSa ½ dqN dks eqlyeku cuk fy;k A buea dqN ,sls izHkko'kkyh yksx Hkh Fks tks fdUgha dkj.kksa ls vius Lokeh fnYyh ujs'k i`Fohjkt pkSgku ls #"V Fks vkSj fo'okl?kkr ds fy, rS;kj gks x, A bl fLFkfr ds mRiUu gks tkus ds dkj.k [oktk us jk; fiFkkSjk ls lh/ks lh/ks vusd vkxzg djus izkjEHk dj fn, A tks frjLdkj iwod Z ukeatwj dj fn, x, A [oktk xtuh x, vkSj rRdkyhu lqYrku f'kgkcqíhu xkSjh dks ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vuqdy w crkdj Hkkjr ij vkØe.k ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k A f'kgkcqíhu us Hkkjr ij vusd vkØe.k fd, A ijUrq gj ckj i`Fohjkt us mls ijkLr dj mlds {kek ek¡xus ij viuh mnkjrko'k mls l&lSU; okfil tkus fn;k A

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fdUrq i`Foh jkt dk 'k=q rks ?kj esa gh cSBk jgk A nwljs 'k=q Hkh c<+ x, A QyLo:i i`Fohjkt pkSjkt f'kgkcqíhu ds gkFkksa cUnh cuk fy, x, A ;FkkFkZoknh f'kgkcqíhu us ,d ckj Hkh og ew[kZrk ugha fn[kkbZ tks i`Fohjkt fn[kkrs jgs Fks A gkFk esa vkrs gh mlus i`Fohjkt dk o/k dj fn;k A fl;kj by vdrkc ls ekywe gksrk gS fd bl ?kVuk ls igys gh [oktk eqbuqíhu vtesj ds izfl) tksxh vt;iky dks eqlyeku cukus esa lQy gks x;k Fkk A blds i'pkr~ mlus viuk Msjk tksxh ds fo'kky eafnj esa gh tek fy;k A eqbuqíhu dh njxkg ij cus cqyUn njoktksa esa uDdk'kh fd, tks iRFkj yxs gSa mudks ns[kus ls yxrk gS fd os igys eafnj ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx fd, x, Fks A ,sls dÍj fgUnqvksa vkSj fgUnw /keZ ds 'k=q us fdl izdkj okLrfod /;s; dks fNikdj viuh /keZfujis{krk dk Hkze vU/kfo'oklh fgUnqvksa esa mRiUu fd;k gksxk bldk uewuk vkt Hkh izR;{k gS A ,d czkã.k ifjokj pUnu f?kl dj og ysi njxkg esa Hkstrk gS tks [oktk dh etkj ij p<+k;k tkrk gS A eqlyekuksa esa panu ds ysi dk iz;ksx fdlh /kkfeZd d`R; esa ugha fd;k tkrk A ;g pUnu dk ysi ogk¡ij vt;iky tksxh ds b"V nsork dh ewfrZ ds fy, Hkstk tkrk jgk gksxk A fl;kj by vkfjQhu bl egku lar ds thou dk;Z dk bl izdkj tk;tk ysrh gSa A ml ¼ eqbuqíhu fp'rh ½ ds fgUnqLFkku vkus ij ml ns'k esa bLYkke dk ekXkZ iz'kLr gks x;k A mlus ¼ bLyke ds izfr ½ vfo'okl ds va/ksjs dks u"V dj fn;k vkSj bLyke dk izdk'k pkjksa vksj QSyk fn;k A vehj [kqnZ dh nks pkSikb;ksa esas [oktk es vkxeu ls igys vkSj i'pkr ds fgUnqLFkku dk bl izdkj o.kZu gS A lEiw.kZ Hkkjr ¼ bLyke ½ etgc vkSj ¼ 'kfj;r ½ ds dkuwu ls vufHkK Fkk A fdlh dks vYykg vkSj iSxEcj dk irk ugha Fkk A fdlh us dkck ds n'kZu ugha fd, Fks A fdlh dks vYykg dh egkurk dk Kku ugha Fkk A vkSj [oktk ds vkus ds ckn mldh ryokj ds dkj.k bl dqQz dh Hkwfe esa ewfrZ;ksa vkSj eafnjksa ds LFkku ij efLtn feEcj vkSj esgjkc cu x, A ftl Hkwfe ij ewfrZ;ksa xq.kxkku gksrk Fkk vc ukj;s rdohj ¼ vYykgks vdcj ½ lqukbZ nsrh gS A lpeqp Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k esa eqbuqíhu fp'rh dk egRRo ekSgEen fcu dkfle ] egewn xtuoh ] f'kgkcqíhu xkSjh ] f[ktyh ] rqxyd ] ckcj ] vkSjx a tsc bR;kfn lqYrkuksa ls de ugha gS A

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caxky dk bLykehdj.k 1400 bZ0 esa caxky esa jktk x.ks'k flagkluk:<+ Fks A bl fgUnw jkT; esa eqfLye mysek vkSj lwQh ¼ fgUnqvksa ds /kekZUrj.k vkSj bLyke ds izpkj }kjk ½ vusd leL;k,a mRIkUu dj jgs Fks A jktk x.ks'k dks bu lwfQ;ksa dh jktuhfrd 'kfDr dk dksbZ vkHkkl ugha Fkk A mlus bu yksxksa dk neu djus dh Bkuh A dqrcqy vkye 'ks[k uw#y ge ukeh lwQh us lqYrku bczkghe 'kjdh dks i= fy[kk fd og vkdj caxky ds eqlyekuksa dh j{kk djs A Li"V gS fd lwfQ;ksa us ogk¡ lqYrku ds i{k esa dkQh dqN rS;kfj¡;k dj yh gksx a h A lqYrku bczkghe us bl i= dh izkfIr ij caxky ds fo#) ;q) dh 'kq#okr dj nh A jktk x.ks'k us bl vuisf{kr ;q) esa viuh fLFkfr detksj le> dj mlh 'ks[k uw#y gd ls ftlls og ihNk NqM+kuk pkgrk Fkk lgk;rk dh vihy dh A 'ks[k us dgk fd og mldh lgk;rk rHkh dj ldrk gS tc jktk bLyke Lohdkj dj ys A jktk rks rS;kj gks x;k ijUrq jkuh ds fojks/k ds dkj.k le>kSrk bl ckr ij gqvk fd jktk flagklu vius iq= tnq dks lkSia ns vkSj iq= bLyke Lohkj dj ys A rn~uqlkj tnq ¼ tykyqíhu ekSgEen cudj ½ flagklu ij cSBk A lqYrku bczkghe us viuh lsuk,a okfil cqyk yha A bl ?kVuk ls gh lwfQ;ksa dh 'kfDr vkSj Hkkjr ds bLykehdj.k ds dk;Z esa rRdkyhu eqfLye lqYrkuksa ls muds rkyesy dk Kku gks tkrk gS A tykyqíhu ekSgEen dks rks 'ks[kksa vkSj lwfQ;ksa ds gkFk dh dBiqryh dh rjg jguk gh Fkk A mlus 1414 & 1431 ds vius 17 o"kZ ds 'kklu esa viuh fgUnw iztk dk cMs+ iSekus ij cykr~ /keZ ifjorZu fd;k vkSj caxky dks eqlyeku cukus esa viuh iwjh jkT; 'kfDr yxkk nh A tks jktk bLyke xzg.k dj ysrs Fks os nwljs fgUnqvksa ds /kekZUrj.k es cgqr #fp ysrs Fks A bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd fgUnw iztk /kekZUrfjr jktk dks ?k`.kk dh n`f"V ls ns[krh Fkh a jktk dks fonzkgs vkSj "kM~;U= dk lnSo Hk; cuk jgk Fkk A iztk esa tks yksx eqlyeku gks tkrs Fks eqfLye 'kkld ds i{k esa gks tkrs Fks A caxky ds bLykehdj.k esa bl izdkj ds /kekZUrfjr jktkvksa dk cM+k ;ksxnku gS A lqYrku tykyqíhu ¼ tnq ½ ] dkyk igkM+ ] eqf'kZn vyh [kk¡ ] ihj vyh vkSj ekSgEen eqlyeku gksus ls igys czkã.k Fks A blh izdkj ijlsuh ds eqfLye jktk ] jktk iqfnr flag ds oa'kt gSa pVxk¡o ds vln [kk¡ ] ';ke jk; pkS/kjh ds oa'kt gSa A frIijk ds ijxuk ljk;u ] eseu flag ] gScrr uxjh vkSj taxe ckM+h ds nhoku ifjokjksa vkSj njHkaxk ds eQkSyh ds iBku ifjokjksa ds iwot Z fgUnw Fks A bu yksxksa us Hk;kud :i ls fgUnqvksa dk /kekZUrj.k fd;k A MWk0 okbt us tykyqíhu lqYrku ds fo"k; esa fy[kk gS A ,d gh 'krZ Fkh dqjku e`R;q A cgqr ls fgUnw dke:i vkSj vle ds taxyksa esa Hkkx x, A ml le; bLyke ls cpus dk ;gh ,d ekxZ Fkk ] ?kj ckj NksMd + j ?kus taxyksa esa jgus yxuk A fdUrq D;k os lnSo Hk; eqDr gks tkrs Fks \ eqlyeku lqYrku tqxyksa esa mudk ihNk ugha NksM+rs Fka ftl izdkj taxyh i'kqvksa ds f'kdkj esa gk¡dk tkrk gS mlh izdkj taxy esa ,d Hkkx ij lSfud pkjksa vksj ls ?ksjk Mky nsrs Fks A fQj og ?ksjk /khjs /khjs NksVk gksrk tkrk Fkk A mlesa tks Hkh L=h ] iq#"k cPps idM+s tkrs Fks o xqyke 26 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

cuk fy, tkrs Fks A ;fn fons'k esa cspus ds fy, u Hksts x, rks vius gh ns'k es fuEu dksfV Hkaxh bR;kfn dk dke djus dks etcwj fd, tkrs Fksa bLyke xzg.k rks mudksa djuk gh iM+rk Fkk A bl izFkk dks dej?kk dgk tkrk Fkk A Mk0 okbt vkxs fy[krs gSa ;g lEHko gS fd bl tykyqíhu lqYrku us vius pkSng og"kZ ds 'kklu dky esa ftrus caxkyh fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cuk fn;k mrus vxys 300 o"kZ esa Hkh ugha cus A ckjcksl fy[krk gS fd 16 oha 'krkCnh es caxky esa eqlyeku gksuk brul ykHknk;d Fkk fd 'kkldksa ds d`ik ik= cuus ds fy, c M+h ka[;k esa fgUnw izfrfnu eqlyeku gks jgs Fks A Li"V gS fd ;fn x.ks'k tSlk n`<+ izfrK fgUnw jktk lwfQ;ksa dks lkeuk djus esa vleFkZ jgk rks NksVs NksVs jktk vkSj tehankj mudh dkjxqtkfj;ksa dks dSls jksd ldrs Fks A QyLo:i Hkkjr o"kZ ,d fo'kky f'kdkjxkg cu x;k Fkk A igk¡ 'kkld gfFk;kj ysdj vkSj lwQh mudh lgk;rk ds fy, /kkfezd vkoj.k esa peRdkjksa ds uke ij laxfBr gksdj fgUnqvksa dk f'kdkj djus dks mrj iM+s Fks A NksVs NksVs jktk tehankj vkSj fdlku ;fn lqYrku dks f[kjkt ¼ VSDl ½ vFkok ftft;k nsus esa vleFkZ gksrs Fks rks mUgsa lifjokj eqlyeku gks tkuk iM+rk Fkk A ;g izFkk caxky esa gh ugha iwjs Hkkjr es a izpfyr Fkh D;ksfa d xqtjkr ls caxky rd mlds vusd mnkgj.k feyrs gSa A eqfLye lqYrkuksa vkSj ckn'kkgksa ds ;gk¡ xqykeksa ds vfrfjDr fgtM+ksa dh Hkh cgqr ek¡x Fkh mudk 'kkgh gje esa fHkUu fHkUu inksa ij dk;Z djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk Fkk A Lo;a lqYrku dh lqj{KK ds fy, fgtMksa dh ,d lsuk rS;kj dh tkrh Fkh A cgqr de mez ds cPpksa dks cf/k;k dj fn;k tkrk Fkk A /khjs /khjs mUgsa vius ifjokj tu Hkwy tkrs Fksa fQj mudks lSfud f'k{kk nh tkrh Fkh A ?kqM+lokjh fl[kkbZ tkrh Fkh vkSj mudk eq[; dRrZO; lqYrku dh j{kk djuk gksrk Fkk A bl izdkj nklksa vkSj fgtM+ks dks caxky ls lglzksa dh la[;k esa izfro"kZ fu;kZr fd;k tkrk Fkk A izpfyr fo'okl ds foijhr fd ;s lwQh fgUnqvksa ds izfr n;kyq gksrs Fks ;s Hkh lqYrkuksa dh rjg mu fgUnqvksa izfr tks /keZ ifjorZu dks rS;kj ugha gksrs Fksa vfr Øwj gksrs Fks A 'ks[k vCnqy díql xaxksgh ¼lgkjuiqj m-iz- ½ fpf'r;k flyflys dk lwQh Fkk ;g flyflyk nwljs flyflyksa dh vis{kk vf/kd mnkj le>k tkrk g Sk A bl lwQhus lqYrku fldUnj yksnh ] ckcj vkSj gqek;w¡ dks vusd i= fy[ks A mldk vkxzg Fkk fd 'kfj;r ¼ bLykeh dkuwu ½ dks l[rh ls ykxw fd;k tk, vkSj fgUnqvksa dks Hkwfe VSDl vkSj viekutud ftft;k VSDl nsus ij etcwj dj fn;k tk, A ckcj dks fy[ks x, i= esa mlus vkxzg fd;k % mysek vkSj lwfQ;ksa dks vf/kd ls vf/kd laj{k.k vkSj lgk;rk nh tk, A -------------------- 'kfj;r fu;eksa ds vuqlkj mu ij lc izdkj ds vieku vkSj frjLdkj ykns tk,a A okLro eaa eqfLye dky esa fgUnqvksa dks bLyke esa ykus ds fy, tks vR;kpkj vkSj vU;k;iw.kZ rjhds viuk, x, mudh QsgfjLr varghu gS A 16 oha vkSj 18 oha 'krkCnh ds chp eqfLye 'kkldksa vkSj lwfQ;ksa ds laxfBr iz;kl }kjk fgUnqvksa dk cM+s iSekus /kekZUrj.k fd;k x;k A blh ds dkj.k varr% ikfdLrku cuk A

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dk'ehj dk bLykehdj.k nSfud lekpkj i=ksa esa dk'ehj esa pjkj , 'kjhQ uked uUn _f"k uw#íhu dh njxkg dks vkradokfn;ksa }kjk tyk fn, tkus ij vusd lekpkj vkSj ys[k Nis ] 10 & 11 ebZ 1995 dh jkr d'ehj esa pjkj , 'kjhQ njxkg ty dj [kkd gks x;h A Hkkjrh; izsl us viuh vknr ds vuqlkj mls lwQh lar uq#íhu uwjkuh dh ifo= njxkg ¼ bf.M;k VqMs ½ flEcy vkWQ lSD;wy w fjTe ] ,s eksLV oSY;q,q fcy flEcy vkWQ dYpjy vkbMSfUVVh ¼ ÝUV ykbu ½ ] ,cksM vkWQ fj'kkht ¼ bdksukWfed VkbEl ½ bR;kfn u tkus D;k D;k dg dj xkSjo ef.Mr fd;k A vkSj viuh ?kksj vufHkKrk yTtktud izn'kZu Hkh A pjkj ,s 'kjhQ x, loZnyh; lalnh; izfrfuf/k e.My dh rjQ ls tkjh ,d foKfIr es dE;qfULV usrk bUnzthr xqIrk us ogk¡ igq¡pdj bl egku lwQh lar dks viuh J)katyh vfiZr dh tks lkEiznkf;d ,drk ds izrhd jgs Fks A ¼ uothou y[kum ½ gs Hkxoku ! dSlh ?kksj vufHkKrk ! vkSj og Hkh ns'k ds xkSjo ds izrhd laln ds lnL;ksa esa ! q dqN gh yksxksa dks dnkfpr+ ;g Kkr gksxk fd ;g uq#íhu dkSu Fkk \ ;g dkSu lh xaxk tequh ] /keZ fujis{k ] lkaLd`frd ijEijk dh igpku Fkk Aa chloh 'krkCnh ds vfUre n'kd esa dk'ehj esa QSys jDrjaftr vkradokn esa bu rFkk dfFkr lar _f"k vkSj muds vU; lg;ksxh lwQh lUrksa dh D;k egRroiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gS \ ckr vthc lh yxrh gS ijUrq lR; ;g gS fd ;fn bu rFkkdfFkr eqfLye larksa ] _f"k;ksa ] lwfQ;ksa dk d'ej esa inkiZ.k u gqvk gksrk vFkok ogk¡ ds 'kkldksa us bUgsa lar vkSj +_f"k le> dj vkJ; u fn;k gksrk rks vkt d'ehj fo'o dk loZJs"B iaFkfujis{k 'kkfUrfiz; ns'k gqvk gksrk A i`Foh ij lk{kkr LOkxZ A d'ehj ds bLykehdj.k es gtk¡,d vksj fldUnj cqr f'kdu tSls [kw[a kkj lqYrkuksa dh Hkwfedk gS ogha nwljh vksj lwfQ;ksa dk te?kV gS A ftUgksua s fofo/k izdkj ls lUrksa ] ;ksfx;ksa egkRekvksa ds Nn~e :i esa vius f'k";ksa vkSj vuq;kf;;ksa dk /keZ ifjorZu dj czkã.k d'ehj dks eqfLye d'ehj cuk fn;k A fldanj cqrf'kdu ds ¼ 1389 & 1431 ½ fo"k; esa jktrjafx.kh crkrh gS a lqYrku vius reke jktlh dRrZO;ksa dks Hkqykdj fnu jkr ewfRrZ;k¡ rksMu+ s dk vkUuUn mBkrk jgrk Fkk A mlus ekrZ.M ] fo".kq ] bZ'kku pdzorhZ vkSj f=iqj's oj dh ewfrZ;k¡ rksM+ Mkyh Fkha A dksbZ Hkh ou ] xzke ] uxj vFkok egkuxj ,slk u Fkk tgk¡ rq# q "d vkSj mlds ea=h lqgq k us nso eafnj rksMu+ s ls NksM+ fn, gksa A fgUnqvksa ds fy, ,d gh fodYi Fkk % bLyke vFkok e`R;q A dqN d'ehjh czkã.kksa us igkM+ ls dwn dj ] vkx esa ty dj vFkok nwljh izdkj vkRegR;k dj yh A dqN fdlh izdkj 'kklu }kjk Mkys x, ?ksjs dks pdek nsdj ns'k ls Hkkxus esa lQy gks x, A vf/kdka'k us bLyke Lohdkj dj fy;k A cgqr ls rfd;ksa vFkkZr~ njxkgksa esa jgus yxs ftldk vFkZ Fkk fd os Hkkstu ds ykyp esa eqlyeku gks x, A dgk tkrk gS fd fldUnj cqr f'kdu ds vR;kpkjksa ds QyLo:i d'ehj esa dqy 11 czkã.k ifjokj 'ks"k jg x, A mlds ledkyhu tEew ds fgUnw jktk dks rSewj us /kkSal vkSj Hk; }kjk eqlyeku cuk fy;k A

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fdUrq fgUnqvksa ds vfLrRRo dks feVkus ds fy, lwQh yksx fldUnj cqr f'kdu ls dgha vf/kd izHkko'kkyh vkSj [krjukd Fks A fldUnj cqr f'kdu ds vR;kpkj nz"VO; Fks A o lwQh ehBs fo"k Fks ftudksa fgUnw Lo;aeso ve`r le> dj ihrs Fks A mu vR;kpkjksa ds Hk; ls mPp vkSj e/;e oxZ ds fgUnw eqlyeku curs Fks A fUkEu oxZ ds fgUnw ftft;k vkSj nwljs vkfFkZd ncko rFkk yksHk ds dkj.k A ijURkq Qy ogh gksrk Fkk tks fldUnj cqr f'kdu dks b"V Fkk blyke esa /kekZUrj.k A fldUnj cqr f'kdu ds Mj ls yksx Hkkxrs Fks A igkM+ ls dwn dj vkRegR;k dj ysrs Fks fd dgha og mudk /keZ u"V u dj ns A lwfQ;ksa dh vksj os mlh izdkj f[kaps pys tkrs Fks vkSj [kq'kh ls bLyke u esa izfo"V gks tkrs Fks ] tks fonzkgs djrs Fksa os u"V dj fn, tkrs Fksa A czkã.k ckgqY; d'ehj ds bLykehdj.k esa ftu lwfQ;ksa dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgk muesa ,d 'kh"kZLFk lwQh ;gh 'ks[kuw#íhu Fkk ftldh njxkg pjkj ,s 'kjhQ eqfLye vkradokfn;ksa }kjk tyk, tkus ij ppkZ dk fo"k; cu x;h A bldk tUe 9 vizSy 1370 bZ0 dks gqvk crk;k tkrk gS A 'ks[k uw#íhu dh lwQh er esa nh{kk l;;n vyh genkuh us nh vFkok mlds fdlh [kyhQk us bl ij dqN erHksn gSa A fdUrq bleas lUnsg ugha fd og l;;n vyh genkuh dh ijEijk esa gh iyk A blfy, 'ks[k uw# w íhu ds O;fDrRRo dk okLrfod ifjp; ikus ds fy, mlds ihj l;;n genkuh ds pfj= dks tkuuk vko';d gS A 1089 esa egkjkt g"kZ ds jkT; dky ls gh vusd fdjk, ds eqfLye lSfud vkSj eqfLye O;kikj d'ehj esa vkdj clus yxs Fks A blh izdkj ds lSfudksa esa ,d 'kkg ehj Fkk tks 1313 bZ0 esa ogk¡ igq¡pk ] 1320 bZ0 ds yxHkx eaxksy ljnkj tqydnz [kk¡us d'ehj ij vkØe.k dj ogk¡ cM+h rckgh epk;h A yqVs fiVs d'ehj ij yík[k ds ,d ckS) fjuNkuk us ogk¡ ds fgUnw jktk dks gVkdj viuh lRrk LFkkfir dj yh A fdUrq d'ehj dh czkã.k iztk mlds ckS) gksus ds dkj.k yxkrkj fonzkgs jr jgrh Fkh A 'kkgehj ds le>kus ij bl fLFkfr ls fuiVus ds fy, ckS) fjuNkuk us bLyke Lohdkj dj fy;k A fjUkNkuk us 'kkgehj dks viuk iz/kkuea=h fu;qDr dj fn;k A e/; ,f'k;k vkSj bZjku eqfLye gks pqdk Fkk A fjuNkuk dk /keZifjorZu djus okys lwQh dk uke Fkk l;;n 'kQqíhu lqgjkonhZ tks rqfdZLrku ds 'ks[k f'kgkcqíhu dk f'k"; Fkk A fjuNkuk dk eqfLye uke Fkk ln#íhu A 'ks[k dks d'ehj esa cqycqy 'kkg ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS A fjuNkuk us /keZ ifjorZu ds ckn bu lwfQ;ksa dks dkQh tehusa nha ] ftu ij mUgksua s [kkudkg LFkkfir fd, vkSj fgUnqvksa ds /keZ ifjorZu dks ubZ 'kfDr feyh A dkQh jktuhfrd mFky iqFky ds ckn 'kkgehj 1339 bZ esa d'ehj dh xíh ij cSBk A xíh izkIr djus ds fy, czkã.kksa dk lg;ksx vko';d Fkk A ml lg;ksx dks izkIr djus ds fy, mlus viuh iqf=;k¡ czkã.k ljnkjksa dks C;kg nha A mlls czkã.kksa dk fojks/k Hkh lekIr gks x;k vkSj vUrr% os Hkh eqlyeku gks x, ] D;ksafd eqlyeku yM+fd;ksa ls fookg djus okys yksx ikjEifjd fgUnw lekt esa ugha jg ldrs Fks A 1420 & 70 esa Hkh d'ehj ds l;;n e[nwe tgkafu;k¡ ds f'k";ksa }kjk lqgjkonhZ lwfQ;ksa dks cgqr c<+kok feyk A blh le; esa fdjeku dk l;;n vgen d'ehj esa vkdj clk A e[nwe tgkafu;k¡ dh ijEijk ds ,d lwQh l;;n tekyqíhu us d'ehj esa vkdj /kekZUrj.k fd, A og dsoy 6 eghus d'ehj esa jgh vkSj fQj vius ;ksX; f'k"; 'ks[k getk ij dk;Z Hkkj NksMd + j fnYyh pyk x;k A 29 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

fdUrq pkSngoha 'krkCnh ds vfUre fnuksa esa d'ehj esa ehj l;;n vyh genkuh ¼ uan _f"k uw#íhu ds xq# ½ us tks ijEijk d'ehj esa Mkyh mlus d'ehj dk uD'kk gh cny fn;k A Hkkjr es vkus ls igys bUgksua s vius ,d vuq;k;h l;;n rktqíhu dks d'ehj Hkstk A l;;n rktqíhu dks d'ehj ds le; ml le; ds lqYrku f'kgkcqíhu ¼ 1345 & 73 ½ }kjk [kkudkg cukus ds fy, Hkwfe vkSj /ku bR;kfn vusd lqfo/kk,a nh x;h A Jh uxj ds mRrj if'pe fn'kk esa ogk¡ ls 9 ehy ds Qklys ij f'kgkcqíhu iqjk esa bl [kkudkg dh uhao iM+h A vius f'k"; ls d'ehj dh jktuhfrd vkSj /kkfeZd fLFkfr dh fjiksVZ izkIr gksus s ij l;;n vyh genkuh Hkh vius 700 f'k";ksa ds lkFk 1381 bZ0 esa d'ehj esa vkdj cl x, A ml le; lqYrku dqrcq íq hu dk 'kklu Fkk A l;;n vyh genkuh ] vykmíkSyk ds fleukuh mRlkg ls tks mlds ihj 'ks[k 'kjQqíhu ds ihj Fks ] Hk;kud :i ls izHkkfor Fkk A mlds vkSj mlds f'k";ksa ds bl vlhe mRlkg dh ifj.kfr eafnj /oLr djus vkSj d'ehjh fgUnqvksa dk cykr~ /keZ ifjorZu djus esa gqbZ A d'ehj igq¡pus ij lS;n vyh genkuh us Jhuxj ds dkyh efUnj ds czkã.k iqtkjh dk igyk /kekZUrj.k fd;k A genkuh dh izsj.kk ls lqYrku }kjk dkyh efUnj dks rksMd + j ogk¡ genkuh dk [kkudkg LFkkfir fd;k x;k A genkuh us d'ehj dk foLr`r nkSjk fd;k vkSj yxHkx chl bZjkuh lwfQ;ksa dks ftUgsa og vius lkFk yk;k Fkk fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij LFkkfir fd;k A bu lHkh us bu LFkkuksa ij [kkudkg vksj yaxj ¼ eq¶r Hkkstuky; ½ cuk, ftUgsa eqfLye 'kklu us lc izdkj dh lgk;rk nh A genkuh ds vusd d'ehjh f'k";ksa us viuh viuh [kkudkgsa cukbZa vkSj iwjs d'ehj dks /kekZUrj.k dsUnzksa ls ikV fn;k A ;s lwQh yksx tgk¡ vius peRdkj ¼ ckthxjh ½ ls va/kfo'oklh Hkksys Hkkys fgUnw vkSj ckS) d'ehfj;ksa dk /kekZ.rj.k djrs Fks ] ogha 'kklu dh fNih vFkok [kqyh lgk;rk }kjk efUnjksa dks /oLr dj mu ij [kkudkg vkSj efLtnsa fuekZ.k djuk mudk eq[; dk;Z Fkk vkSj bl dk;Z esa og vR;Ur #fp ysrs Fks A genkuh rhu o"kZ d'ehj esa jgk A mlds ckn gt ds fy, tkrs gq, ekxZ esa mldh e`R;q gks x;h A e/; ,f'k;k esa mldks nQu dj fn;k x;k A bUgha l;;n vyh genkuh dh ijEijk esa 'ks[kuw#íhu ¼ _f"k UkUn ½ iyk vkSj cM+k gqvk A ftl le; 'ks[k uw#íhu d'ehj ds bLykehdj.k dh lksp jgs Fks ml le; d'ehj esa ,d f'ko mikld ;ksfxuh ykyk nhnh dk cgqr uke Fkk A mls yksx I;kj ls ykyk nsn dgrs Fks A yky nsn dh dfork,a ?kj ?kj esa xk;h tkrh Fkh A d'ehjh turk esas mudk viwoZ lEeku Fkk A genkuh ds rhu o"khZ; efUnj /oLr djks vfH;ku ls d'ehjh czkã.k cgqy lekt esa lwfQ;ksa ds izfr jks"k O;kIRk gks x;k Fkk A 'sk[k uw#íhu us d'ehj ds bLykehdj.k dk nwljk ekxZ idM+k A mlus yky nsn dh lkoZtfud izfr"Bk vkSj turk }kjk viwoZ ize dks ns[kdj mldh ijEijk esa bLyke ds /kekZUrj.k izkx s zke ij fgUnw n'kZu dk jax p<+kdj izpkj izkjEHk fd;k A 'kh?kz gh ykyk nsoh ds HkDr mldks Hkh mlh vknj dh n`f"V ls ns[kus yxs A fQj izkjEHk gqvk ogh /kekZUrj.k dk flyflyk tks izR;sd lwQh dk okLrfod fiz; vkSj ,d ek= /;s; gksrk gS A mUgksua s vusd fgUnqvksa dk /kekZUrj.k dj mUgsa f'k"; cukdj vius nwljs lg/kfeZ;ksa ds lkFk /kekZUrj.k esa yxk fn;k A mlds eq[; f'k";ksa esa ckeqíhu ] tSuíq hu ] yrhQqíhu dk uke vkrk gS A ;s lHkh tUe ls ckzã.k Fks A 30 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

/;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd fdlh Hkh fgUnw lUr us pkgs og xq# ukud gksa ;k yky nsoh vius fdlh Hkh eqfLye HkDr dk /kekZUrj.k ugha fd;k ijURkq bu rFkk dfFkr /keZ fujis{k egku lwQh lUrksa us viusa fgUnw HkDrksa dk lnSo gh bLyke esa /kekZUrj.k fd;k A bUnzthr xqIrk tSls Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLVksa dks rks lksfo;r la?k tSls 'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vª dks fNUu fHkUu djus esa lwfQ;ksa dh Hkwfedk dk Kku gksuk pkfg, A tc dE;qfuLV neu ds dkj.k :l ds eqlyekuksa us lRrk ds lEeq[k leiZ.k dj fn;k ] dkds'kl ds vkl ikl eqfLye cgqy jkT;ksa esa fofHkUu ijEijkvksa ds lwfQ;ksa us laxfBr gksdj ogk¡ izdVr% mlh izdkj dk ] ns[kus esa vjktuhfrd /kkfeZd vkUnksyu izkjEHk fd;k tSlk fd d'ehj ds lUnHkZ essa ge Åij crk vk, gSa A vySDtSUMj csfuaxlsu ] tks lksfo;r bLyke ds fo'ks"kK ekus tkrs gSa ] dgrs gSa fd bl izdkj ds laxBu vkSj vkUnksyu ml le; ds fy, mi;qDr gksrs gSa tc bLyke dkfQjksa ds fo#) ,d u;k ;q) yM+us ds fy, viuh 'kfDr laxfBr dj jgk gksrk gS A lwfQ;ksa us bLyke ds vfr:f<+oknh ftgknh :i dks c<+kok fn;k A vUrr% eqlyekuksa esa etgch tquuw mRiUu dj dE;qfuLVksa dk lQk;k djus esa lQy gks x, A ¼ izk0 MSfu;y ikbIl % bu n ikFk vkWQ xkWM ½ uw#n~nhu ds f'k";ksa us vius dks /keZfujis{k lar ds :i esa is'k djus ds fy, lwQh ds LFkku ij vius dks _f"k dguk iz kjEHk fd;k D;ksfa d lk/kkj.k fgUnw turk _f"k eqfu;ksa dks lk/kkj.k egkRekvksa vkSj ;ksfx;ksa ls Hkh Js"B le>rh gS A iqjkus _f"k eqfu;ksa ds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd os ck?k dh /kkjh nkj [kky ¼ ck?kkEcj ½ gh vks<+rs fcNkrs Fks A bu udyh _f"k;ksa uss Hkh dkyh lsQns /kkfj;ksa ds Åuh diM+s iguuk 'kq: dj fn;k A vius vlyh /;s; dks fNikus ds fy, bUgksaus ?kkVh esa Qyksa ds isM+ yxkus tSlk yksdfgr dk;Z Hkh fd;k tS;k bZlkbZ fe'kujh vLirky pyk dj djrs gSa A fgUnw czãpkfj;ksa dh ijEijk esa ;s yksx ekal ugha [kkrs Fks rFkk 'kknh ugha djrs Fks A blizdkj fgUnqvksa ij viuh vk/;kfRed /kkd tek, j[krs Fks A buds fgUnw vuq;k;h bLyke xzg.k djrs rks rqjUr mUgsa nwljs fgUnqvksa dks eqlyeku cukus ds dk;Z esa yxk fn;k tkrk Fkk A os vius [kkudkg LFkkfir dj ysrs Fks A budh mi;ksfxrk dks ns[krs gq, eqfLye fe'kujh fxjh iM+h [kLrk dczksa dks iDdk Lo:i nsdj mls ihj] xkth vFkok 'kghn Qyk¡ Qyk¡ dh etkj e'kgwj dj nsrs gSa A mudh peRdkjh 'kfDr;ksa dk izpkj gksus yxrk gSA vKkuh vkSj vU/kfo'oklh fgUnqvksa dh HkhM+ eUur ekaxus ds fy, meM+us yxrh gS A vU/kfo'okl ds dkj.k efgykvksa ds ;kSu 'kks"k.k dh dgkfu;k¡ Hkh ;nk dnk lepkj i=ksa esa Nirh jgrh gSa A Lora=rk ds i'pkr bl izdkj dh lglzksa ubZ etkjksa ij esys yxus yxrs gSa A

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/kekZUrj.k] /kekZUrj.k] /kekZUrj.k

l;;n vkne cUukSjh ¼ 1543 bZ0 ½ ds ]llidlg esa 1000 P;fDr gj le; Bgjs jgrs Fks A rtdjs vknfe;k¡ ds vuqlkj og tgk¡ Hkh tkrs Fks muds lkFk mysek vkSj nwljs yksxksa dh HkhM+ Hkh tkrh Fkh ] 1642 bZ0 esa tc og ykgkSj vk, muds lkFk 10000 yksx Fks A mudh yksdfiz;rk ns[kdj 'kkgtgk¡ Hkh Hk;Hkhr gks x;k A mlus cM+h /kujkf'k nsdjmUgsa Hkkjr ls ckgj gTt ds fy, Hkst fn;k vkSj bl izdkj ml 'ks[k ls ihNk NqM+k;k A rtdjs vknfe;k¡ vkSj nwljs lwQh xzUFkksa esa lwfQ;ksa ds ikl vuUr /kujkf'k dk Li"Vhdj.k djus ds fy, mudh peRdkfjd 'kfDr;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS A mudk bruk jktuhfrd izHkko Fkk fd fnYyh ds lezkV Hkh muls Hk; [kkus yxrs Fks A vfo'oluhl peRdkjh
dydRrk esa mudk fuokl nksekl jgk vkSj yxHkx 1000 O;fDr izfrfnu muls nh{kk ysrs jgs A nh{kk ds dk;Zdez tc le; dh raxh ekywe gksus yxh rks ;g mik; fd;k x;k fd ,d cM+s edku esa yksxksa dks tek fd;k tkrk Fkk A fQj lkr yEch pkSM+h ixM+h /kjrh ij fcNk nh tkrh Fkh A yksx mu ixfM+;ksa ds fljksa dks idM+ ysrs Fks A fQj l;;n lkgc ml ixM+h ds ,d fljs dks idM+dj muls dyek i<+ok ysrs Fksa A blds i'pkr ;gh dze nwljh ixfM+;ksa ij ckjh ckjh ls pyrk jgrk FkkA vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd fgUnw la[;k dk fdruk cM+k Hkkx ,d lwQh lUr }kjk eqlyeku cuk;k x;k A dyek i<+okuk fu'p; gh eqlyeku cukuk gSA l;;n vFkj vCckl cgjkbp ds 'kghn lykj elwn xkth dh njxkg ds fo"k; esa vk'p;Z izdV djrs gq, fy[krs gSa fd mldh etkj ij tkdj mldh iwtk djus okys yk[kksa fgUnqvksa ds fy, ;g fcYdqy egRroiw.kZ ugha gS fd mlus muds fdrus iwoZtksa dk ¼ bLyke Lohdkj u djus ij ½ o/k fd;k Fkk A ;ksX; gS

fgUnw leku rqe okLro esa /kU; gks ftudk /;s; gh rqedks tM+ey w ls feVkuk Fkk vkSj /kU; gSa fgUnw leku ds os yk[kksa lk/kq laU;klh ] txn~x: q ] Hkxoku ] ln~x: q vkSj jktuhfrd usrk tks bu vufHkK yksxksa dks bl izdkj dh iwtk ls fojr djus dk dksbZ iz;kl ugha djrs a mYVs mUgsa le>krs jgrs gS fd lHkh /keZ leku gSa A lwQh lar Hkh fgUnw larksa _f"k;ksa ds leku gh bZ'oj HkDr gSA ,sls lekt ds Uk"V gks tkus esa D;k lUnsg gks ldrk gS \ viwT;k% ;= iwT;Urs iwT;kuke~ p fujknj% A =hf.k r= izfo'kfURk ] nqfHkZ{ka ] ej.ka Hk;e~ AA tks mudh iwtk djrs gSA tks iwtk ds ;ksX; ugha gSa vkSj mudk fujknj djrs gsa tks iwtk ds ;ksX; gSA mudk rks vHkko vkSj Hk;xzLr gksuk vkSj ejuk fuf'p; gh gS A

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iqLrd ds fo"k;esa Hkkjr oklh gksus ds ukrs ge izk;% viuh 'kS'kokLFkk ls v/;kid x.k ds ek/;e ls ] bfrgkl vkSj iwot Z ksa ds eq[k ls Hkkjr o"kZ esa bLyke ds lSfudksas }kjk vkdze.k ] ekjdkV ] ywVikV ds ckjs esa ekSf[kd :i ls tkurs vk jgs gSAa A bl iqLrd esa ,sfrgkfld rF; o iqLrdks ls iqek.k lfgr nh x;h tkudkfj;k¡ ân~; fonkjd gSa ys[kd us tks rF; fn, gS os lHkh ekuo tkfr ds fy, fo'ks"k tkudkfj;ksa ls Hkjs gq, gSa A vk'kk gS fd lHkh ekuo tkfr ds fy, ikBd bu dqdR` ;ksa dks tkuus dk iz;kl djsx a s rFkk Lo;a gh ;g tkusx a s fd ;|fi dksbZ Hkh /keZ ] fgalk] ekjdkV] ywVikV vkSj vU; /kekZsa dh fL=;ksa dk vieku djuk ugha fl[kkr fQj Hkh etgch tuwu esa vU/ksa gksdj dqN yksx fdl izdkj ikf'od o`fRr ij vk tkrs gSa A bl lc ckrksa dks tkudj ekuuk gh gksxk fd fgUnw /keZ okLro esa gh lR;] lcds izfr leku Hkko vkSj nwljksa dk lEeku djuk fl[kkrk gS A & pUnzlsu

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