Integrated Circuits

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Electronic circuitry has undergone tremendous change since the invention of a triode by Lee De Tarest in 1907. An integrated circuit is a complete electronic circuit in which both the active and the passive components are fabricated in an extremely tiny single chip of silicon. Integrated circuits are produced by the same process as are used for the manufacturing of transistors and diodes. In such circuits, different components are isolated with each other by isolation diffusion within the crystal chip and are interconnected by an aluminium layer that serves as wires. It is compared to standard printer circuits which have the following advantages: 1) They are extremely small in their physical size. 2) They have very less physical weight. 3) They are cheap to afford. 4) They have extremely high relaxibility stability for small signal operations. 5) They have low power consumption. 6) They can be replaced easily.