Human Factors

HUMAN FACTORS

PERCENTAGE OF ACCIDENTS

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STRES S

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What is Stress? Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from the outside world Common stress reactions include tension, irritability, inability to concentrate, and a variety of physical symptoms that include headache and a fast heartbeat. Although it’s impossible to live without some stress, in our environment ‘out of control’ stress may affect the safety of our operation. MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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EXTERNAL PRESSURE MANAGEM ENT

MACHI NE

str es MISSI ON

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ENVIRONM ENT

Cause of Stress PHYSICAL / EMOTIONAL

CREATE BODILY/MENTAL TENSION

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RESULT

Types of Stress •Physical •Physiological •Emotional MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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Categories of Stress Acute stress – Cat 1 Acute stress is usually for short time and may be due to work pressure, meeting deadlines pressure or minor accident, over exertion, increased physical activity, searching something but you misplaced it, or similar things. Symptoms of this type of tension are headaches, back pain, stomach problems, rapid heartbeat, Acute Stress – Cat 2 Acute stress is common in people who take too many responsibilities and are overloaded or overworked, disorganized, always in a hurry and never in time. These people are generally in positions of importance at their workplace and stressful lifestyle is inherent in them. Symptoms of this type of stress are prolonged MHS Kerteh Training Dept Haz08 tension headaches, hypertension, migraines, chest

Categories of Stress Chronic Stress This type of stress is the most serious of all the 3 stress types. Chronic stress is a prolonged stress that exists for weeks, months, or even years. This stress is due to poverty, broken or stressed families and marriages, chronic illness and successive failures in life. People suffering from this type of stress get used to it and may even not realize that they are under chronic stress. It is very harmful to

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STRESS TOO LITTLE BECOME BORED COMPLACENT FAIL TO TAKE ACTION. MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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STRESS TOO MUCH •NARROW FOCUS •DOES NOT REMAIN OPEN •RELY ON PAST EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGE •FAIL TO SEE THINGS •HYPERVIGILANT. MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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STRESS V I G I L A N C E Effectiveness

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Expected vigilance effect in the performance of passive tasks with low signal rate. This shows a notable decline in performance after about 30 MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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STRESS OPTIMAL

PROVIDES THE GREATEST OPPORTUNITY TO BE VIGILANT MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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STRESSORS IN AVIATION

MEDICAL DEHYDRATION CHECKRIDES DIET ILLNESS ALTITUDE CHANGE CONFLICT CONFINED SPACE POOR VISIBILITY TIME SCHEDULES FATIGUE PASSENGERS NOISE AND VIBRATION TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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SUGGESTIONS TO REDUCEACTIVITY STRESS PHYSICAL LEISURE ACTIVITIES ANTI STRESS DIET GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH COLLEAGUES RELAXATION TECHNIQUES MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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Tools appropriate to overcome overload in flight --- Maintain Proficiency (can handle more) --- Prioritize Tasks (know what’s important) --- Delegate (unload) --- Create Time (move from harm way) --- Verbalize breaks in routine (use “collective” memory) MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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Let us take a break MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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FATIgU E

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What is Fatigue? Extreme tiredness after a prolong activities -Physical Fatigue the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. -Mental Fatigue (Somnolence) The strong desire to sleep or the usual state falling asleep or just a general decrease of attention, not necessary including sleepiness.

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Fatigue in Aviation A November 2007 report by the National Transportation Safety Board indicates that air crew fatigue is a much larger, and more widespread, problem than previously reported. The report indicates that since 1993 there have been 10 major airline crashes caused by aircrew fatigue, resulting in 260 fatalities. Additionally, a voluntary anonymous reporting system known as ASAP, Aviation Safety Action Program, reveals widespread concern among aviation professionals about the safety implications of fatigue. The NTSB published that FAA's MHS Kerteh Training Dept Haz08response to fatigue is

DANGER OF FATIGUE

SS NT LE L A GI VI

J U P D O G O E R M E N T

ED R I PA RY IM EMO M

APATHY

BELOW PAR PERFORMANCE

I CK U N O BL MM CO

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IRRITABILITY AND MOOD SWINGS

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CAUSE OF FATIGUE vDISTURBANCE OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS vCONTINUOUS WAKEFULNESS MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO FATIGUE Ø Length of duty day Ø Shift irregularities Ø Quality of sleep Ø Poor diet Ø Dehydration Ø Extreme mental and physical activities Ø Illness Ø Caffeine, Smoking and Alcohol

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CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

FATIGUE

HUMAN ERRORS MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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SYMPTONS OF FATIGUE • • • • • • • • •

SLOW REACTION TIME INCREASED ERROR PREOCCUPATION FIXATION SHORT TERM MEMORY LOSS IMPAIRED JUDGEMENT EASILY DISTRACTED LOSS OF INITIATIVE POOR COMMUNICATION SKILL

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AFFECTS ON THE - VISUALBODY PERCEPTION SLOW - SLOW IN DECISION MAKING AND MEMORY TASK - SLOW IN MENTAL ARITHMETIC - REACTION TIME SLOW - ALERTNESS DIFFICULT MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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Potential outcome of fatigue Slower task performance Decrease moral and motivation Moody Poor communication Sleepy while on duty Difficulty in concentrating Headache and Stomachache.

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FATIGUE COUNTERMEASURE • HAVE SUFFICENT SLEEP IN CONFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT • PROPER DIET • AVOID DEHYDRATION.

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Lesson from the video MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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IMPORTANT !!!!!!!!!! FATIGUED CREW MUST BE AWARE OF GRADUAL AND CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF FATIGUE, WHICH DEGRADE THEIR PERFORMANCE MHS Kerteh Training Dept

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Thank you! Congratulations, here is what you’ve just accomplished;

Stress & Fatigue in Aviation To know more about new exciting subject , refer to the training programme given out to you.

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