Group 6 (2).docx

CHAPTER 1 The Problem Introduction “Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.” - George Bernard Shaw In today generations some of the people were not learned on how to manage and to throw garbage correctly. Segregating the trash is very important to avoid any kind of disease. Solid waste is about the range of garbage growing from animal and human activities that abandoned as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is made from industrial, residential and commercial operations in a given area, and may be managed in a variety of ways. As such, landfills are typically also called as sanitary, municipal, construction and destruction or industrial waste sites. Waste can be classified based on material, such as plastic, paper, glass, organic waste, and metal. Categorization may also be found on hazard potential, flammable, including radioactive, infectious, toxic, or non-toxic. Classes may also pertain to the origin of waste, such as industrial, domestic, practical, institutional or construction and demolition. Solid Waste Management describes as the discipline associated with control of generation, storehouse, collection, transport or transfer, processing and dumping of solid waste materials in a way that best addresses the scope of public health, conservation, economics, aesthetic, engineering and other environmental concerns. Management of solid waste is 1 of the difficult challenges for development all over the planet. It is not only because SWM result on the environment or health, but bad implementation of sum hinders the nation’s

growth towards sustainable development. Developing SWM for sustainable growth through environmental preservation is essential. Waste segregation is a process of dividing garbage into ‘reduce; ‘reuse; and ‘recycle’ materials. With new garbage segregation rules, the government is attempting to clean up our community and where to dump our garbage. Segregation is the first step towards appropriate disposal of both categories of waste. It is recommended to have to depart dustbins in the house to keep wet waste from mixing up with its dry counterpart. Bits of plastic, for instance, is dry waste components which if not disposed of properly can become an environmental hazard. (www.onevizag.org/wastesegregation/). Our future relies on a high – educated public to be a wise protector of the environment that sustains us. As what we observe here in Municipality of Tukuran that there are other people they are not following of what implementing rules of proper segregation of waste that the cause damages in our natural resources by mean of our garbage. Some are throwing their garbage’s anywhere, in the river, seas, and burning it because we find it is the easiest way it keeps away our garbage's contributed to polluting the air. In Tukuran, that there are other Barangay, they have containers to separate the waste. Therefore, it is essential that we know how to manage appropriately our garbage’s to maintain a healthy life and a clean environment. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 1 show the conceptual framework of the study and the variables indicated in the study.

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Segregation Practices

Implementation of Solid Waste Management in Sto. Niño Central Elementary School

Knowledge on 3Rs (reduce,reuse and recycle)

Sustaining Gains of Achieving Environmental Compliance

Garbage Collection

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study

Statement of the Problem This study determines the level of implementation and practice of solid waste management (SWM) practices in Sto. Niño Central Elementary School. Specifically, this research aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is the reaction level of the respondents on its practices of solid waste management in terms of the following factors: 1.1 segregation practices; 1.2 knowledge on 3Rs (reduce,re-use and recycle) ; and 1.3 garbage collection? 2. Is there a significant difference in the reaction level of the respondents along with the three factors? 3

3. What are the sustaining gains of achieving environmental compliance?

Null Hypothesis The hypothesis of the study will be advanced for testing at 0.01 level of confidence. There is no significant difference on the reaction level of the respondents along with the three factors. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study will focus on the implementation of Solid Waste Management in Sto. Niño Central Elementary School. This study will be limited to the implementation of solid waste management along with the identified factors of the study.

Significance of the Study The researchers are determined to study the level of implementation and practice of solid waste management (SWM) practices in Sto. Niño Central Elementary School. It will also helpful in the further development of the cleanliness in the community of Tukuran and in sustaining gains of achieving environmental compliance of the municipality with the rest of the country.

Definition of Terms For the purpose of this study, the hereunder terms will be operationally used and defined: Ambulant Vendor. In this study, it refers to a vendor or seller who has no fixed place and who goes around selling his/her goods.

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Biodegradable. In this study, it refers to materials that decay relatively quick. Biodegradable Plastics. In this study, it refers to forms of plastics derived from plant sources such as hemp oil, soybean oil, and corn starch rather than from petroleum. These plastics are derived from natural products and have compounds that are easily broken down by microbes of it decays relatively quick. These plastics do not cause harmful effect on the environment. Environment. In this study, it refers to the sum total of all living and non-living things that affect any living organism.

Environmental Compliance. In this study, it means conforming to environmental laws, regulation, standards and other requirements. Non-biodegradable plastics. In this study, it refers to forms of plastics derived primarily from crude oil, natural gas or coal. These types of plastics cannot be broken down by microbes to decay. And it burned will produce toxic smoke and pollute the environment which will result in ecological changes. Segregation. In this study, it refers to the separation of a race, community, class or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area. Solid waste.

In this study, it refers to all discarded household,

commercial waste, non- hazardous, institutional and industrial waste, street sweeping, construction, agriculture waste, and other non- hazardous and non- toxic solid waste. Solid waste management. In this study, it refers to the process of collecting and disposing of solid materials that are discarded because it is of no longer use. 5

Recycle. In this study, it refers to the process of discarded products and materials for processing and conversion into new or different products for reuse.

Reduce. In this study, it refers to minimization of discarded products at its source to minimize the quantity required and disposed.

Reuse. In this study, it refers the action of using something again, whether for its original purpose.

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CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter contains some related studies and related literature having a bearing of the study. This gave importance concept and ideas for the development of the study.

A. Related Literature Solid waste is about the range of garbage growing from animal and human activities that abandoned as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is made from industrial, residential and commercial operations in a given area, and may be managed in a variety of ways. As such, landfills are typically also called as sanitary, municipal, construction and destruction or industrial waste sites. Waste can be classified based on material, such as plastic, paper, glass, organic waste, and metal. Categorization may also be found on hazard potential, flammable, including radioactive, infectious, toxic, or non-toxic. Classes may also pertain to the origin of waste, such as industrial, domestic, practical, institutional or construction and demolition. Solid Waste Management describes as the discipline associated with control of generation, storehouse, collection, transport or transfer, processing and dumping of solid waste materials in a way that best addresses the scope of public health, conservation, economics, aesthetic, engineering and other environmental concerns. Management of solid waste is one of the difficult challenges for development all over the planet. It is not only because SWM result on the environment or health, but bad implementation of sum hinders the nation’s growth towards sustainable development. Developing SWM for sustainable growth through environmental preservation is essential.

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Waste segregation is a process of dividing garbage into ‘reduce; ‘reuse; and ‘recycle’ materials. With new garbage segregation rules, the government is attempting to clean up our community and where to dump our garbage. Segregation is the first step towards appropriate disposal of both categories of waste. It is recommended to have to depart dustbins in the house to keep wet waste from mixing up with its dry counterpart. Bits of plastic, for instance, is dry waste components which if not disposed of properly can become an environmental hazard. Our future relies on a high – educated public to be a wise protector of the environment that sustains us. As what we observe here in Municipality of Tukuran that there are other people they are not following of what implementing rules of proper segregation of waste that the cause damages in our natural resources by mean of our garbage. Some are throwing their garbage’s anywhere, in the river, seas, and burning it because we find it is the easiest way it keeps away our garbage's contributed to polluting the air. In Tukuran, that there are other Barangay, they have containers to separate the waste. Therefore, it is essential that we know how to manage appropriately our garbage’s to maintain a healthy life and a clean environment. According

to

World

Health

Organization

(2011)

Solid

waste

management In a technical note, the term “solid waste” is used to include all non-liquid waste generated by human activity and a range of waste material resulting from the disaster, ash, such as general domestic garbage such as food waste and packaging materials. Human feces are disposing of in garbage emergency waste such as plastic bottles and packaging from other emergency supplies; mud and slurry deposited by the natural disaster; rubble resulting from the catastrophe and Allen trees and communications and rocks obstructing transport. Other specialist wastes, such as waste from hospitals and toxic waste from industry, will also need to be dealt with urgently, but this technical note does not cover them.

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Harley (2010) stated that Australia might be a large country, but they live in a throwaway society that is fast filling it with their waste. Their insatiable desire to continually upgrade disposable technology and consume over – packaged products have continued unabated for years. There has been a trend far from both burning garbage in incinerators and burying it. Waste management policies seek to minimize waste disposal by reducing its generation and by recycling. This study reveals the extent of the developing waste problem and examines the garbage and recycling practices of households, and many tips on how to reduce, reuse and recycle. Topics include green waste, paper, metal, plastics, glass, and electronic waste. Furthermore, Saley (2012) cited that the Municipal council enacted an ordinance establishing solid waste management also known as “Perkash Fashura Ordinance Na Isadora.” The law prohibits dumping of garbage anywhere other than those recognized and found garbage facilities; dropping of unclean and unsegregated waste at the redemption center/facility; discharging of human feces along the creeks and rivers: throwing of garbage in

streams,

rivers,

public

places

such

as

roads,

sidewalks

and

establishments; and burning of waste particularly non-biodegradable garbages. It also requires residents in practicing segregation of wastes at source. Reusable wastes such as bottles, plastics, cellophane, and papers shall deliver to the barangay material recovery office duly segregated or directly to agent-buyers. Non-recyclable materials and special wastes will be transported to the material recovery facility, while hazardous wastes or chemicals will be disposed of in coordination with concern government offices according to prescribed methods. The provincial government is responsible for collecting, reusable, non-biodegradable waste materials and recyclables from the material recovery facilities and transport them to the recycling.

A detailed investigation made concerning the methods of practices associated with specialists, quantity generated, collection, treatment, transportation, storage and disposal of Municipal waste in Mysore City. The 9

data of SWM in Mysore obtained through questionnaire, specific field visit, interacting with people and the real record of the municipal corporation. Photographic data also made about generation transportation, treatment, storage, collection, and disposal of MSW. This research reveals that the existing system of MSWM in Mysore City is not satisfying based on Handling Rules 2000 & Municipal Solid Waste Management Chandra et al., (2009). This study highlights the results of the survey that conducted to analyze the waste management practices of the trash generators, and the extent of their compliance with the Republic Act 9003, also known as the Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000. The study conducted in Bacolod City, Philippines in 2007. The findings of this research served as the basis for improving a handbook on waste management Ballados (2010). The town government in Samar has vowed to intensify the implementation of its Solid Waste Management Program after barangay chairpersons here took at seminar-workshop on the program. The workshop was held at the Legislative Building last Wednesday, August 29. Mayor Francisco M. Langi Sr. stated 30 barangay chairperson of his municipality attended said seminar-project sponsored by the town government managed Municipal Planning and Development Officer, Nicasio Permejo. Langi said all the barangay chairperson were educated on the provisions of the Waste Management Act of 2003 so that they be acquainted with and help implement the law in their respective barangays and propagate environmental preservation. He said the town government will strictly enforce the “no segregation, no collection policy” in all of the barangays and urged the barangay officers to put up a Materials Recovery Facility where they segregate non-biodegradable and bio-degradable waste materials. Such materials can turn into a livelihood, according to Langi, “there is money in junk” Abrematea, (2012).

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According to the Oxford English Dictionary, participation is “the action or fact of partaking, having or forming a part of.” Involvement as a concept came to the limelight as a result of rising advocacy for the end of the topdown strategies to development activities, in favor of greater inclusion of the subjects of the development programs. Oakley and Marsden (1984) agree that participation is a process and not just a solid product; though, they are quick to note that it is complicated to establish a universal definition of involvement. It indicated that different scholars, authors, and organizations define and understand participation differently. Their descriptions and understanding are often guided by the orientation and intent of the individual or organization determining participation, given the circumstances. Although participation is widely known to be a free process, in some instances it practically requires that people dragged into getting involved in operations that are of no interest to them, but they coerced in the name of participation. Oakley and Marsden (1984), look at engagement as a concept that closely linked to rural development. They also explain that very often, cooperation seen as some ingredient that can be added to the recipe for rural development so that the results from the development project are palatable (Oakley and Marsden, 1984:17). The conception that participation is an essential ingredient in development presents a temptation to force involvement at any cost. However, it is perhaps helpful to note that there is what Oakley and Marsden refer to as authentic participation, which described as a result of a bottom-up process of the development. The concept of the involvement requires clear interpretation and thorough comprehension before its adopted for any given purpose. According to Oakley and Marsden (1984) the different interpretation of the concept of participation by used of for terms that is collaboration- inputsponsorship, community development, organization, and empowering. These terms are used to explain the different orientation in the participation discourse, and various names represent different intentions or purposes for 11

which the implementers and cooperation adopt participation can be looked at as a means as much as it can be viewed as an end in itself. Assistance could be perceived as a means if it adopted as a method of achieving success in a development program. It is also an end in itself if it is seen as a process the outcome of which is meaningful participation’’ (Oakley and Marsden, 1984; 27) in the contemporary practice of participation. Assistance adopted as a catalyst success of a beneficial undertaking in a community. It advised that there is no need to look for a model of participation that is one-size- fits- all; thus, this study takes on the perspective of the involvement as a means (Barnes, 2005). This section contains five divisions, the first reviews sustainable development as a means and as an end in itself, the second present waste management practices, the third presents an integrated strategy to solid waste management, followed by how the approach can work and the last present in detailed the significance of public participation in solid waste management. In this 21st century, concern about sustainable development is at the helm of most contemporary development debates/discussions and project undertakings. Most conventionally, sustainable development is understood as that development that is mindful of the future generation’ needs while resources are used to meet the needs of the present age (Brundtland, 1987). Several issues arise when we start talking about sustainable development. Most of these issues relate to the “how” of sustainable development. Sustainable development has continuously become a prominent phrase in the development discourse and has been impactful in changing the orientation and practice of development (Adams, 2001). Its prominence, however, has also bred different meanings and definitions of the concept (Adams, 2001).

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Several variables have facilitated an increase in the volume of waste generated. One of the variables that has led to increased solid waste generation is rapid urbanization (UNEP, 2007). Urbanization comes with the expansion of towns which manifests through the development of social and economic infrastructure/services and industrialization. The development in such services warrants the increase in civilization in such areas. An increased group automatically means increased demand for not only social services but also consumables which potentially present a broader base for waste generation-in most cases solid waste (UNEP, 2007). The increase in the volumes of waste produced has been proved to be synonymous with “new lifestyles associated with greater affluence” which turn into higher consumption levels, thus generating more garbage midst changes in waste composition (UNEP, 2007:224). Affluence influences people to adopt excessive demand and purchase patterns making people acquire more of what is not very essential for their wellbeing. When people possess further than what they need, failure to consume all that they affluently have, eventually leads them to get rid of the useless excess which turns into solid waste. In most cases, more purchases also mean more packaging materialwhich readily translates into solid waste especially for the manufactured products. The manufactured products contain materials which are very difficult to decompose, for example, plastics, thus increasing waste volumes uncontrollably (Bournay, 2006). In a capitalistic world, the ultimate aim of the manufacturers is to make as much profit as the market can permit. Because of this line of thought, the manufacturers are more concerned about suiting the product to the consumer. Little or even no effort is made to package the products in an environmentally sensitive way and those that make an effort, are still very few. Usually, the burden is left to the consumer to dispose of the waste packaging material by their means. In doing so, the manufacturers externalize the costs of solid waste management by extending it to the consumers. The problem here is that in most cases the manufacturers do not

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even bother to give any instructions to the end user on how to manage the waste appropriately. This complicates the solid waste management process as those who “manufacture” the solid waste has not considered internalization of the cost of solid waste management, say as a way of doing Corporate Social Responsibility. Generally, there is a tendency for development to come with increased waste generation. Data from Asia confirms that the more developed countries like Japan, Laos, and Thailand, have more municipal waste generated per capita (Bournay, 2006).

B. Related Study Another case study across North America conducted by Wholistic Environmental Consulting (WEC, 2007), yard and food waste make up over a section of all the regular garbage we launch away. That's 25% by weight. In the U.S., 25% almost equally split between yard waste (32.6 million tons, or 12.8% all MSW) and food waste (31.7 million tons, or 12.5%). Then there's all the other basic stuff that could compost: all the towels, clothing, and bedding made of organic fibers, old furniture, plus wood, and sawdust. Then there's paper, which at 83 million accounts for another 30% of municipal waste. As of 2006, this year for which figures are available, over 64% of the yard waste we throw away was recovered and composted, as was 54.5% of the paper and cardboard. Only 2.6% of food waste reached a compost heap as cited by Magante, G. L. M. (2013). The experiences and practices of household garbage management of people in a barangay (village) in Manila, Philippines are documented. The data gathered through an interview with household members using openended questions. Interviews also conducted with garbage collectors as well as collectors. Results showed that the households made an average of 3.2 kg of solid waste per day or 0.50 kg/capita/day. The types of garbages commonly generated are food/kitchen wastes, PET bottles, papers, metals, and cans, glass bottles, cellophane/plastics, boxes/cartons, and yard/garden 14

wastes. The respondents segregate their wastes into glass bottles, PET bottles, and other garbage (mixed scraps). No respondents show composting. It's worth noting; however, that burning of waste not done by the respondents. The households rely on waste collection by the government. Collecting is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household members bring their garbage when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who dump their waste in non-designated pick-up points, usually in the corner of the street. The discarded waste becomes a breeding ground for disease organisms. Some household respondents stated that it is possible that the dumping in certain areas caused the sickness suffered by some of their group members. Mothers and helpers are responsible for household garbage management. Scavengers commonly look for recyclable items in the dropped garbage. All of them stated that it is their only source of income, which is usually not enough for their meals. Most of the people said that garbage collection and disposition is the responsibility of the government. The output of the study showed that RA 9003, that recognized as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, isn't fully implemented in Metro Manila (Bernardo, 2008). It showed that out of 253 students, 50.99% or 129 of the students had good practices in segregation, 23.72% or 60 students had fair practices and 20.95% or 53 students had very good and 4.35% or 11 students had segregated waste materials poorly. This implies that most of the students have good practices in separating solid waste. Students’ practices on solid waste management of reducing. Presents the students’ methods of solid waste management in terms of reducing (Paghasian, 2017). The table presents the highest average weighted value of 2.74 interpreted as “Good” fell on item 5, “I am cautious and responsible to every waste I produced.” The least average weighted value of 2.47 fell on item 4, “I bring water in reusable water bottles than buying water in one-used plastic bottles at the school,” interpreted as “Fair.” The weighted mean value was 15

2.61 interpreted as “Good.” This implies that the students have good practices on reducing solid waste. It showed that out of 253 students, 41.50 % or 105 students of them had good practices on reducing waste; 30.04% or76 students had excellent practices; 26.09% or 66 of them had fair practices, and 2.37% or 6 students had practiced poorly. This means that most of the students have commendable practices on reducing solid waste. Practices on Solid Waste Management in Terms of Reuse. Table 7 presents the students’ methods of solid waste management in terms of reuse (Paghasian, 2017). Then the critical value of 9.488 at 0.05 level of probability with 4 degrees of freedom. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected. This implies that there is a significant relationship between the level of awareness of the students and their practices in terms of segregation. It signifies that if students know very well about solid waste management, practically they can segregate waste according to compostable, recyclable, non-recyclable and special waste (Paghasian, 2017).

As seen in the table, the obtained chi-square value of 14.88 was higher than the critical value of 9.488 at 0.05 level of probability with 4 degrees of freedom. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected. This implies that there is an important relationship between the level of awareness of the students and their practices in terms of reducing. This means that if the students have excellent background knowledge of solid waste management, there is a possibility that they can minimize garbage accordingly. As observed in the table, the obtained chi-square value of 14.83 was higher than the critical value of 9.488 at 0.05 level of probability with 4 degrees of freedom. Hence, the null hypothesis was Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 128 10 rejected. This implies that there is a significant important between the level of awareness of the students and their practices in terms of reuse. This denotes that if students are aware of solid

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waste management, they can identify and save reusable materials out of wastes (Paghasian, 2017).

As manifested in the table, the obtained chi-square value of 12.03 was higher than the critical value of 9.488 at 0.05 level of probability with 4 degrees of freedom. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected. This implies that there is an important relationship between the level of awareness of the students and their practices in terms of recycling. This means that if students are aware of solid waste management, they can recycle things out of waste materials. The computed chi-square value of 9.14 was less than the critical value of 9.488 at 0.05 level of probability with 4 degrees of freedom. Hence, the null hypothesis was accepted. This implies that there is no important relationship between the level of awareness of the students and their practices in terms of recycling. This conveys that students know about solid waste management but not able to internalize and practice proper disposal (Paghasian, 2017).

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CHAPTER 3 Research Design and Methodology

This chapter discusses the research design, methods, and procedures that were employed in this study. It was presented the description of the research respondents, research locale, research instruments, and data gathering procedure. Research Design This study as will use the descriptive method of research. This method involves collecting data in order to test a hypothesis or answer questions concerning the current status of the subjects of the study. This most appropriate method of determining the Impact of the Implementation of Solid Waste Management in Sto. Niño Central Elementary School. In the sight of the findings of this research design, implications will be then drawn to give meaningful inferences in this study. Research Locale This study will be conducted in Barangay Sto. Niño. It is located at the Municipality of Tukuran, Province of Zamboanga del Sur. This will be conducted to contribute to the gradually developing status of the high school through revealing the hidden internal problems of the said location.

Research Respondent The target respondents of this study will be the respondents residing in Barangay Sto. Niño, Tukuran Zamboanga del Sur. Research Instrument A survey questionnaire used as the main instruments in gathering the data. This is a self- made instrument typically consist of written questions 18

classified according to the subproblem raised in this study. The researchers gathered and read various references such as books, unpublished materials and also through the internet and other related topics necessary in the construction of a reliable and valid instrument. Data Gathering Procedure A permission letter will be asked from the Barangay Captain of Sto. Nino, Tukuran Zamboanga del Sur. After the approval of the letter of intent, an appointment will be set to the different Purok in Sto. Nino for the the administration of our survey questionnaire. A survey questionnaire will then be administered to identified respondents. The researchers will further demonstrate with the used of visual aids and situation to the respondents to have a clear view of the objectives and importance of the study. Immediately after administering the survey questionnaire, all results will be checked, compared, analyze, and correlated in order to determine the implementation of Solid Waste Management along with the variables used in the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data After the data will be gathered, recorded, analyzed and tabulated, a descriptive statistic will be used to determine the implementation of Solid Waste Management along with the variables indicated in the study. The researchers will also use the frequency, distribution of percentage, and weighted means to regulate the percentages count of data. Moreover, to test the significant difference along with the variables used and the study, a t-test will be employed.

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REFERENCES

https://goo.gl/f1MUTk https://goo.gl/gKckyA https://goo.gl/v4MtjJ https://goo.gl/WF2kXN https://goo.gl/Faad6x https://goo.gl/xDBjE9 https://goo.gl/QhL95n

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