Gher Arbi Zobanoon Par Arbi Kay Lisani Asraat

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GHER ARBI ZOBANOON PAR ARBI KAY LISANI ASRAAT

Maqsood Hasni

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Contents 123456789101112131415-

Aawazoon ki tarkeeb-o-taskeel kay awamil Arbi ki bunyadi alamti aur murakab aawazain Pay/p ki mutbadil Arbi aawazain Chay ki mutbadil Arbi aawazain Gaaf ki mutbadil Arbi aawazain Pushto ki char makhsus aawazain Dohri ba’daisi aawazain aur Arbi ka tabadli naam Bhari aawzain aur Arbi ka tabadli nazaam Chand Angraizi aur Arbi mufrad aur marakab aawazain Bar-e-Sagher ki panch hisas aawazain Katakana Arbi zoban ka lafz hai Arbi aur Punjabi ka lisani reshtah Internet par Arbi main ezhar-e-khayaal ka masla Arbi ka Bar-e-Sagher ki zobanoon par lisani asraat Resume Maqsood Hasni

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AAWAZOON KI TARKEEB-O-TASHKEEL KAY AWAMAL Kaenat ki takhleeq kay sath hi aawazoon ki takhleeq ka kaam mokamal ho giya. Her shay main takhleq’kar nay os ki zarorat estadad aur hajit kay mowafaq aawazoon ka eak marboot aur monazam nazam rakh diya. Aawaz ki takhleeq kay baad lafz nay janum liya. Lafz mukhus halaat aur zarorat kay tehat kisi zoban/boli kay lisani diciplan motwazan tarteeb-o-tanzeem kay qudrati aur fitri johar jo oon se mukhsus hota hai, kay ekhtalat-oemtazaj ka naam hai. Yah ossi tara se hota hai jis tara monh se nikalta hota hai aur kanoon ko sonae daita hai. Dahan se akhraj hi kay baad mukhtalif mafaheem kay sath ravaj pa jata hai. Yah bhi kah dehan se akhraj kay baad aawazoon kay es monazam aamaizay (lafz) kay talafzaat/talafaz teh patay hain. Kayoon’kah talafzaat/talafaz kay teh panay main ashkas kay aalaat-e-notaq aur moavan aalaat-e-notaq ka amal dakhal hota hai. Lafz dar’haqiqat os alaqah ya khitah kay qudrati mahool-o-halaat, mosam aur ashkas kay tehzibi, samaji, siyasi, emrani, moashi, jamalyati wagherah kay mazaj ravaeoon aur andaz-o-atwar ki namaendgi kar raha hota hai. Es ka vajood (haiat) aur estamalaat ashkas kay niji-o-ejtamae zooq-e-fikar-o-nazar kay sath sath nafasyati kaifiyaat ko aiaan kar raha hota hai. Likhtay samay wo shakas/ashkas ya qoom kin halaat aur zehni-o-fikri kaifiyaat se guzar rahi hai. Lafz yah bhi wazay kar raha hota hai kah yah tarkeeb-o-tashkeel aur tarteeb patay waqt kin kin ravaeoon mazaji haltoon hajtoon zarortoon rujhanoon aur nafasyati kaifitoon ka bar-e-giraan apni zaat main samoay howay hai. Lafz es amar ki bhi nishandahi kar raha hota hai kah os alaqah kay logoon ka rehan-sehan kaisa hai aur oon kay jamalyati andaz-o-atwar kis tara aur kis andaz kay hain. Ashya ki tanzeem-o-tarteeb aur tazein kaisi hai. Lafz ka ta’alq bolnay likhnay sonnay aur samjhnay se hai. Her chahaar ommoor alag alag suratoon aur haltoon se wabastah hain. Bood-o-tafawat ko kisi sata par nazar andaz karna mumkin hi nahain hota. En charoon kay hawalah se mafaheem bhi omomun aur khasusan alag alag sefaat kay hamil ho saktay hain. Zabanoon/bolioon main aawazoon ki kami baishi ka ta’alaq na’seraf os alaqah kay ashkas kay aalaat-e-notaq se hota hai balkah os alaqah kay qudrati mahool aur mosamoon se bhi hota hai. (Qudrati aafaat balkh bazaat-e-khud shkas bhi kharai ka sabab bun sakta hai) jin kay zair-e-asar aalaat-e-notaq tashkeel patay hain. Tamam zobanoon ya bolioon ki ebtadae aawazain ginti main eak jitni nahain hotein aur na’hi aisa hona mumkin hota hai. Baqaedah (Mufrad) aawazoon kay sath sath aur tara ki aawazain raza karanah apnay hissah ka kidar ada kar rahi hoti hain. Enhai baqaedah aawazoon ka darjah hasal nahain hota aur na’hi madrasay may en ki taleem di jati hai. Udu ki baqaedah 36 aawazain hain likin teen tara ki aawazain 1. marakab 2. alamti 3. bhari, boltay aur likhtay waqt kaam kar rahi hoti hai. Yah ginti main shamar nahain hain likin ezhaar main en ka bara aham aur zarori role hota hai. Arbi teen tara 1. Bunyadi 2. Marakab 3. Alamti, aawazoon ki hamil zoban hai. En donoon kay bar’akas Angraizi doo tara 1. Ba’qaedah 2. Morakab aawazain rakhti hai. Her zoban ko apnay zakhirah kay tehat hi ezhar kay moamlaat ko teh karna hota hai. Zarori nahain mohajar alfaz kay liay hi en moavan/raza’kar aawazoon ki zarorat mehsus hoti hai balkah essi walaet main hi en ki zarorat dar’paish rehti hai. Goya yah bunyadi aawazoon ki kamyoon ko pura karnay main musbat kirdar ada karti hain. Aawazoon kay ba’az ekhtalafi moamlaat koe hairat ki baat nahain hain balkah yah to zoban ki taraqi main oxsigan ka darjah rakhtay hain. Alaqae mahool-o-halaat aur mosamoon kay zair-e-asar aawazoon ki kami baishi ka maslah paish aata rehta hai. Essi

4 tara bohat sari aawazoon main fitri eshtaraak bhi mojood rehta hai jo shakas kay nafasyati aur fikri eshtaraak ka baiyan sabot hai. Es tehreer main Arbi ki bunyadi, alamti aur marakab aawazain paish ki gae hain ta’kah Arbi zoban ko samjhnay main kisi haad tak sahi, madad mil sakay. Haan marakab aawazain puri daraj nahain ki ja sakein. En ki mazeed eak lambi Qatar mojood hai. Pher bhi daraj ki gae aawazoon kay hawalah se mashraqi-o-maghrabi zobanoon kay lisani eshtaraak aur tarkeeb-e-lafzi kay khooj main madad zaroor mil sakay gi. Mujhy yaqeen hai mahirein es moamlay ko pas-e-pusht nahain dalain ga. Es se Arbi kay hawalah se mughrab aur mashraq lisani hawalah se eak dusray kay qareeb aa sakain gay. Lisanyaat hi ensaniat ka her door main bunyadi maslah rahi hai jis par akhlas aur eman’dari se guftagu hoti rehni chahiay.

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ARBI KI BUNYADI ALAMTI AUR MARAKAB AAWAZAIN BAQAEDAH AAWAZAIN Alif Ajal, shahadat, kalab, asqalaha, abnaa(+hamzah zabar), akhrajta, eiaka, unamtu, elaiha ab, aab, obal, otrun, odas, oran, elachi, olt, olta, untar, andrasa, anda, ataaq, ataqa, ada, arzaan, arqaam, armaan, armaghan, oraib, yalah, ostara ataleeq, urdu, arsalan, uzbak, oshlak Album, alpaca, aluminiun, amomonia, anatony, anarchy, aproch, alom, agent International, inspector, information, infantry, issue, inchrae, input, indoor Over, original, oriental, oldiom Enter, editor, education, east, edition Bay Baab, baraz, basrah, batal, batun, baqi, ba’as, baqir, zakrah, bah Baba, baj, baad, baad rang, badshah, badah, badi, bar, barani, bargi, barindah, bariki baap, baat, bant, badal, baraat, bara, basi, bana, banjh, bavli, bot, baqa, baji babion, bodies, body, barber, barrack, border, book Tay Tabay, tabe, taboot, taseer, taj, tajar, takhair, tadaib, tarekh, takeed, taleef Tab, tabaan, tabesh, tabidah, takht, taar, tarak, taz, tazah, tazi, tabi Taap, tash, taal, talu, tali, taan, tana, tanba, tajuri, taravat Tupak, tupchi, tamoor Tarpedo, tarcoal, troop, tarump, theenique Say Sabat, saqab, salis, sama’at, saboot, survat, sakalat, sekah, sakeel, salasah Jeem Jadah, ajazab, jazbah, jar, jaryah, jasus, jamay jamah, jahil, jaez, jaezah Ja, jadu, jaroob, jam, jamay, jan, javidaan, joda, jazbaat, jirgah, jurmanah Jadu’gar, jaag, jaal, jala, janch, jaar, jugat, jugnu, jagah, jumiraat, jangal Jajum, jalu Job, jar, jazz, jacket, jockey, jam, jetty Hay Hajib, haad, hadisah, hasad, hashiya, hasil, hazir, hafiz, hakim, haal, haliya Hirsi, haq’go, haq’dar, huqa Hatah, harkati, hawalati, hisabi, hirani, hilah hawalah Hunger, hont, history, honey, hope, home, hoste, house

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Khay Khatum, khadam, khatmah, kharij, kharji, khazan, khariq, khas, khatir Khar, khara, kharesh, khashak, khaki, khaginah, khaam, khamosh, khangi Khasa, khasi, khaak, khalah, khachar, kharch, khasam Khatoon, khaqan, khan Dal dab, dabh, dakhil, dakhlah, darain, dae, dal, daam, dair, dua Daad, dar, daar’chini, daroghah, dastan, dagh, dalan, daam, damun Daab, data, daad, dada, dal, daan, daya, dubla, dabochna, dasawar, dukh Zaal Zaab, zaat, zaeqah, zabie, zakhirah, zara, zara’ay, zarah, zikar, zakar, zaki Zaili Zaati Ray Ratib, rajay, raji, rah, rahat, rajal, rahilah, razaaq, rass, rae Rahti, raaz, rast, rashtah, rasti, ramish, ran, raendah, rah, rukh Rab, raat, raj, raja, ras, rag, ral, rae, ra’ay, rati, rachao Rogers, raket, rifle, rubber, ribbon, rum, writer Zay Zahid, zaher, zaed, zaer, zeal, zubdah, zajir, zahmat, zahair, zakhar, zuom Zaj, zad, zar, zal, zanu, zagh, zaechah, zaedah, zoban, zamanah Zatal, zich, zik Czarina (zarinah), zebra, zip, zone, zinc Seen Sabri, sabay, sabiq, sabqah, sajid, sahir, sariq, sa,at, saqat, su Sakhtah, sada, saaz, saghar, salar, saya, subd, sabz, sabzi, sabzah, subak Sajin, sara, saras, sarang, sakh, saal, sala, salan, samraj, saan Sachaq Satin, sergeant, sauee, set, success, secion, second, standerd, school, sport Certificate, city Sheen Shatum, sharib, sharay, shatir, shair, shafay, shaaq, shaqal, shamat Shaab, shabash, shakh, shad, shadab, shadaan, shadi, shafah Shaam, shamti, shabad, sharaboor, sharbati, shimlah, shaish mahal Shamyana Shop, short, shark, shawar, ship, show, shrak Sawad Sabir, sawab, sad, sadiq, sarif, sarim, sa’ad, saaf, safi, sualay

7 Sabori, suhbati, sadoor, sufyanah, saidi, Sahibo, safa, sobura, saqay, sarafah, Sarafi, safaya, safae Zawad Zabiot, zabtah, zarib, zamin, zaya, zabt, zakhamat, zid, zidain, zarar, zarb Zu’fishan, zu’raiz, zu’afgan, zu’afshaan Zabti, zidi Toay Tabay, tariq, tari, tass, ta’at, ta’oon’ taghoot, taaq, talib, talay, taliah Tabaqchah, tablik, tapanchah, taesh, taraz, turrah, tiflan, talbanah Tabalchi, turrah, tararah, tashtari, talbi, tamanchah, tamaniat,tugra Zoay Zafar, zalim, zahar, zarafat, zaraf, zareef, zafar, zafrah, zil, zalaam, zulm Zalmi Zahoor, zahori Aien Abid, ajiz, adat, adil, adi, ar, arij, ariz, arzah, amar Uzar’dar, uryaniat, ash ash, alaidah, umdgi, umbri Adavti, arzi, evzanah, aiyashi, eidi, esae Ghain Ghar, gharat, ghazi, ghafar, ghafil, ghalib, ghaliah, ghaeb, ghubar, ghaban Ghazah, ghalichah, gharibi, ghiryo, ghaznavi, ghash, ghashi, ghul, ghurfish Gharti, ghubarah, ghap, ghapi, ghat, ghucha, ghurata, ghurahat, gharqi Ghariqoon Fay Fatay, fatar, fahish, fakhtah, fakhar, fareg, fazal, faqah, fajir Faliat, falsi, faludah, falaiz, fanus, fanah, faraz, farash, faramosh, faravaan Fashi, fatuhi, faqeranah, faqerni, faqiri, farma Farflait Forest, form, forum, fosula, farward, fire, free, fox, finger, fornt Qaaf Qabiz, qabil, qabilah, qabliat, qadar, qaroon, qasad, qaser, qazi, qatay Qabu, qachar, qatir, qalichah, qanoni, qah, qaez, qabachah, qashqah Qa, qadyani, qaan qaan, qaoon qaoon, qabolna, qudri, qurqi, qalandar Qa’aan, qa’aani, qabuchi, qaz, qash, qaaq, qarawal, qamat, qazaq, qazal Qabeel Kaaf Kitab, kabus, katib, kasad, kasar, kafir, kafi, kamil, kahin, kaenat

8 Kabuk, kabli, katabi, kakh, kar, karchoob, karwaan, karkun, kargar, kasni Kaat, katik, kati, kajil, kartus, karan, kahi, kae, kuddal, karamti, kaju Kumaj, kumach Kick, kiss Cuff, class, cloth, climax, court, copy, cotton, carbon, cord, court Laam Lahqah, lamis, lamsah, lamay, lub, lowat, lihaf, lahad, lehzah, lahun, lazzat Lajvard, lashah, laaf, laghar, lal, lab, libadah, lakht, lakhtah, larzaan Laat, lag, lotao, lachak, larki, lakri, likhae, likeer, lamba, lu, lo, lout Lacha Lovanna, larsha, dal ta rasha, dal ta kaina Lawn, lawa, lot, law, low, lord, lobby, kindly, openly, friendly Meem Ma’aab, mahool, matum, majid, mahiya, makhoz, madi, maroot, mal Madar, mar, mazu, mashah, manind, mahi, mahbus, malesh, malkanah Mara, mala, manta, mamoon, maan, mang, manga, mandi, matwala Master, member, most, morning, moror, mark, marshal Noon Nadir, nadirah, naar, nari, nazil, nasoot, nazuk, nazaan, nasik, nasir, nasib Nabkar, nadani, kakhun, nakhunah, naz, nazesh, nazuk, nazaan, Naar, narial, naak, naka, nagan, namusi, nit, nat, nachor, niras, nirdosh Nurse, nursing, narmal, number, nun, nothing, north, noon, morning Wao Vavaila, wajib, wahi, wadi, visah, warad, wajid, vaqeah, wastah, wasil Wabistah, wapis, warustah, waraftah, wajbi, waqae, wah, warzesh, viran Waran, waid, virag, viraj, vichar, wachan, wat, varya, wara Wadairo (wadaira) Vamp, vacancy, vaccine, Vaseline, visa Waiter, whip, water, wharf, wing, wicket, winter, wagon Hay (maqsurah)

Hatef, Hajrah, harib, haroot, haroni, Hashim, hazim, haviya, hael, hubal Hawan, hajoor, her chah, hirzah, hurmaz, hazaar, hast, hasti Hath, hatha, haar, hala, hali, handi, hans, hanka, hangi, haein, hathyar High, hydro, hydrogen, hippie, hood, hurrsh, hont, hen, hungry, hight Yay Ya, yaseen, yaseat, yaqoot, yabas, yateem, yasrab, yad, yarqan, yazeed Yaad, yaar, yaraa, yaft, yawah, yawar, yakh, yaghmal, yazdan Yatra, yaro, yoon, yah, yahodan, yahein, yahhi, yam, yaga, bairi Yasa, yaraq, yargha, yoresh University, union, united, ultimatlely, utopia, youth, yonger, philosophy

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ALAMTI AAWAZAI En aawazoon main haraf nahain hota likin aawaz mojood hoti hai. Maslan Mohabat main meem, hay, bay aur tay awazain hain jabkah bolnay main Meen zabar mo Hay zabar ha Bay zabar ba Tay sakan hai Nichay her alami aawaz kay sath misalain darj kar di gae hain ta’kah Arbi ki alamti aawazoon ko samjhnay main mada mil sakay. Zabar Mohabat, shafqat, raza, daryaft, sabab, haqooq, sakoon, salook, sama’at Ejarah, eradah, barfani, hab, pakizah/bakizah, thakar, tarka, tashnah Phanda, endar Dauble, daubt, harm, batista, party Zair Birya, eblis, etfaq, etimam, tamkinat, jirm, tamkein, jimaar, hisaab Jawaresh, hirasat, targheen, tarteeb, taqdeer, jitna, jirgah, pita, parindah Aaplication, editorial, edition, parliament, bib, tissue, chief, tiffin, pocket, Polish, political Paish Bood, parsush, barsoon, pushtani, jussah, tanafus, shurqa, osool, ofqi, Ommati, omra, jubba, omeed, botlam, oftadah, omang, shaguftah, jagali Jur, jurmanah, jotna Booking, booth, bukrum Shad Himmat, abba, Allah, jurrat, jannat, jussah, jubbah, hissad, hissiat Farrakh, khassi, farrar Possible, matter, batter, additional, possive, passive, class, glass, killer Olta Paish Asqalahoo, hamirahoo, akhrajahoo, amrohoo, rosulohoo, nahanoo lahoo Haqahoo Doo Zabar Andazan, shakaetan, omomun, taqreban, fitratan, ravaetan, moqablatan Jabran, karahan,aanun fanan, nisbatan, nafsan, tuan, karahan, Wakalatan, aslatan, ghaliban, samajan, adtan

10 Doo Zair Kalimat, bidaman, umaezin, nosokin, nafsin, fazalin, adin, nasirin, Fakihatin, qadirin, shanin Doo Ulta Paish Summon, qadron, shajron, qudraton, zarbon, ghishawaton Ommon, aabon, akhkhon, marzon, shiqakon, bookmon, omyon Shamson, qaemayon Mada Aabru, aab, aap, aatesh, aabnus, aablah, aakhoor, aakhior, aasar, aadab Aadam, aaraestah, aaram, aazu, aazar, aareya, aasra, aasman, aastein, Aastatanah, aasaib, aasan, aasodah, aashiyanah, aaghosh Auditor, auditorium, iodoform Autoghaph, automatic, audit, daught Jazam Ab, ebtada, abtari, abjid, abna, aablah Under, universal put, but, cause Khari Zabar Kalimatin, azanihim, maribo, samavaat, subhanaka, yabani, yahya Khari Zair Badihi, mikalihi, tuzakanihim, wakilaihi, Ibrahima, Infihim

Aawaz ki tabdili Adgham Bilghunna Dumba (dun ba), dumbala (dunbala), mimma (min mun), umma (Un mun), umbar (unbar) aayatim (aayatin bainatin), mimbaina (Minbaina) Impose, resolve, compromise, presentation, cause, decrease, increase

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MARAKAB AAWAZAIN Oo Obaash, otar, OJ, oqaat, olad, Ola, olasah Orang, osan, oraib Ou Ouqiya, oulo, oun Oupar (oubar), outar, ouncha, ouda, ousar Ee Esar, ejab, ejaz, eza, efan, eman, eta, ema, Ease, ethar Ai Aiman, aika, aibak Atom, agency, award Ba Ba’adab, ba’khabar, ba’aasani, ba’afrat, ba’morad Asbaab, asbaak, sadal Baat, badal, bar, baeid Barik, body, bar, border Bay Zabar Ba’shra, ba’sad, ba’surat, ba’zid, ba’mushkal, ba’nafashah Bo Boriya, bori, bosah, boric, boom, bostan, boti, bosidah, Bu Bo-ul-havas, bu’war, bund, khushbu, qabulan, qabulba, bowana, Bood, buzna, buk, buchar, bonus, bond, bottle, boy, boot, both Bi Kharabi, shadabi, sairabi, baitabi, aabi, sharabi, asaibi, adbi, biragan Baikh, bibi, bivi, bimah Bear, biyaz, biyan, bina Bay Bay’aazar, bay’atbaab, bay’adab, bay’rang, bay’bu, bay’misal, bay’misal, Bay’dar, bay’daad, bay’ronaq, baira, baish, baila, obey, Bait, bazvi, baizah, baien,baial, baiat, baiy Ballot, barrister, barrage, battery, balance, bureau

12 Ta Taab, tabesh, tabindah, tarekh, tareek, taak, tabay, taboot, taj, Tajir, takhair, Tarik, ashuftah, estadah, astadah, aaftab, pukhtah Tash, taal, tala, talu, talaab, taan, tali Tarcoll, tarpetine, tableau Tay Zabar Tabar, tabahi, tabar, tabadal, tabahar, tabarak Tawa To Toba, torat, tofeeq, tose, toze, towazan, toje Tool, toor (R for array), toop, tosan, tovangar, toshah, toas, totla, tori Too/Tu Fatur, tufan, tudah, tuti, tunba, tumra (R for array) Ti Teer, tirah, tinoon, taiwar, teen, karamti, aatshi, basti, basanti, bisanti Tikha, aarti, phurtila Tay Tai Tairak, tiara, tail, taiwar, tairath, taiz, taizi, taighah, taizab, taimar Aatay, jatay, khatay, pitay, jitay, sitay, laitay, daitay, phirtay, gitay, partay Sa Sabat, sani, salsi, saanvi, saniyah, salasa, asasa, dasar, misaq, saqab Say Zabar Sabaat, sa’alab, sawab, sanah, salasi So, Sowabat, soob, sour, sowa, sora, sobiyah, Dasur Si Salai, salsi, mirasi, marasi Marsiah, haisiat, khabisah, tosir/toseer Ja Rija, jabar, jaziyah, jadah, jazib, jaray, jar, jadoo, jaroob Jam, ejad, jajamat, gija, baja, ja’nashee, jajam, jatra (yatara), jag, jail,

13 Jara (R for array), jatak, jala, ojala, Jeem Zabar

Jawaab, javaresh, jifah Jog, jawab, jawala, jawahar, jawahri Jo Josh, joendah, jor, joban, Joker, june, junior Ju/jeem paish juda, jua, juar, juari, fajur, jangju, juta, raju Ji/Jeem zair Paji, baji, haji, saji, kaji Jajeeb, jiya, jiyala, jiat/jiat, jio, jiwan, anjeel/anjial Jay Jaib, jaish, rajay, maharajay, girjay, garjay, dojay, Jailer, jail, jeep, geology, geography, jute, allergy Ha Hajab, hajib, hadis, hashiyah, hazir, ashab, bahal, irha, hakim, hadisah Hay Zabar Hajar, hadab, hadas, hayaat Ho Howajab, howadis, howari, hoslah, havaili, hooz Hu Hur, huwat Hi Sarahi, falahi, hilah, hain Hay Haisiat, hairan, hairat, haiaz, haiwan, birhay, nohay Kha Khaki, khaginah, kharji, sakha, charkha, entakhab, khatim, khadim, khak, Kham, khara, khar, khatoon

14 Khajalat, khaab, khajah, khawar, khaesh Ko Kovesh, khavaes, khoof, khofi, khorak, khol, khoz Ku Khurd, khurdni, khun, khu’gar Khi Khiyanat, khifa, khai, charkhi, khirah, khiban, shaikhi Kay Kaizash, khaizan, khaimah Da Dab, data, das, dal, sazindah, estabdad, farad, bardah, burdah, dakhel, dar, Dae, daem, abdaan, eradah, yahodah, aaendah, khandah, daroghah, dashtah, Dagh, paendah, piyadah, badah Do Dowat, Doran, dolat, dobala, dowam, doran, dozakh, dost, dowana Du Daoud, dub, dur Di Diyar, diyanat, dibachah, deen, deen’dar, dinar, dipak, didar, didah, diwar Dimak, dihant, aadinah, divani, abdi, aazadi, faryadi, shadi Day Dais, dairinah, piyaray, eraday, barday, parday, harday Za zal zabar Zab, zaat, zaeqah, zanib, zakas, zikr, zakar, zaki, zahanat Zo Zogein Zu Zumaeni, zuljalal, zuljanah, zulfiqar, zulqarnain Zi Zi’waqar, zi’shan

15 Ra Aaram, aaraestah, aarazi, aaraesh, aasra, ibra, ibram, rabitah, raj, rahat, Rahil, razaq, qab, raj, raja, ras, raz, rast, raet, raket Ro Roz, rozan, rozinah, rozah, rozah (zawad k sath), roti, rok, rovaet, ronaq Ru Ruh, ruhani, ruposh, rudad, rup, rupa, rupaiya, aabru, abru Rule, routine Ri Qadri, zarila, marvareed, aari, bari, sari, khari, jari, mari, qadri, Aafrein, riyazi, rihan, riat Reform, retirement, region Ray Oraib, array, aaray, saray, bary/bady (R for array), abraisham, raib, raiti, Rakhtah, raizesh, raizah, raig, rate Za Zada, zahid, zari, zar, zano, zaechah, aazar, aazad, arzaan, arzaq, piyazah Zalah/yalah/jalah, ezazi Zo Zoj, zojah, zojiat, zojain, zoor Zu Arzu, zud, zone Zi Bazi, shazi, ziyadah, ziast, zain, ziyarat, zinat, ghmazi Zay Zaib, zaiba, zair, zaiwar Sa Sabaq, sajid, sa’at, aasan, ehsan, ehsas, ehtasab, piyasa, salam, sazinah, Sartar, sael, salan, asami, sans, sagar, sada, sabqay saq, saaz Sign, satin, socket, soccer, salution So Afsos, soghat, sowing, sowaya, sot, soka, sotila, sokhtah, sorakh, sozesh, Soup, soap, soda water, society Su

16 Aansu, afsun, sud, sul, suvag, suraj, suti, suha, sweeter Si Navasi, akasi, dasi, hansi, siyasi, piyasi, siyasat, siyaaq, sirat, sinah, seat, Sita Say Saifi, sailani, saili, asaibi Satellite, session, safe Sha Shabash, sham, shosha, irshad, afshan, afsha, ash’at, shaz, shamat, shair, Sheen Zabar Shafay, shaki, shamlaat, shifa, shadi, shafah, shakh, shatam, sharab Sharafat, shariat, shararat, sharam Sharak, short, shawar Sho Shorah, shovahid, shuokat, shoqiyah, shoba, shoqeen, shokh, shokhi, Shorba, shoridah, shohar Shu Shura, shum, shudar, shun shaan Shuger, chauffeur Shi Shifa, shiyaf, shitan, shiyah, shisham, shirah, shirazah, shida, shishah, Bakhshi, banafshi, shishi, paishi Shay Shaikh, shaikhi, shaiwah, shaiftah Shave, shade Sa Sabar, sahib, sadar, sadiq, saraf, saaf, safah, sahibi khasa, khulasah, (Sawad Zabar Osaaf, sihafi, saba, sabah, sadaqat, sehba, safaya, sahabat So Soab, som, so’omah Su

17 Subah, sur, surat, suf, sufi, qasur Si Siyam, sighah, khalsi, ghawasi, siyanat Say Arsay, saiqal, sihoni, sihoniat Za (Zawad kay sath) Taqaza, zareb, zamin, zaya, qarzah, azafat, oza, zaroor, zarorat Zaeef, zamanat, zameer Zo Zoulquran,zoulshan, zoulshamas Zu Wazu, wizu, wozu Zi Ziya, ziyafat, zieq, arzi, arazi, fiyazi, aarzi (aa for aien) Zay Zaigham, qarzay Ta (toay kay sath) Tabay, tari, taoon, taqat, talib, talay, otan, khatati, khta Toay Zabar Taraz, tariqah, ta’am, ta’anah, talaq To (toay kay sath) Towaaf, tooq, toor Ti (toay kay sath) Khatati, tein, teinat Tay (toay kay sath) Taiyarah, taibah, taif

18 Za (zoein kay sath) Zalim, zahir, zarafat, zaroof, zawaher Zu zu+hamzah zabar Aa (Aien zabar alaf) Aabid, aajiz, aadat, aadil, aariz, aarzah, aarzi, estiaarah, aadi, aajab, aado, Addi, aadam, aadeem Ao (aien kay sat) Od, orat, faroni, qadoni, oaf, on, oj, ora Au Ud, ufi Ae (aien kay sath) Rae, razae, sanae, esmaeli, aiyash, eiyar Ay (aien kay sath) Aierb, aini, ainak Gha (ghien kay sath) Gharat, ghazi, ghafil, ghlib, gheb, ghir, aagha, ghafli, ghaflan, armighan, Ghogha, estaghna, Gho (ghien kay sath) Ghota, ghawas, ghos, ghor, ghol, ghogha, ghori, ghotah, ghoghae, ghorak Ghu (ghien kay sath) Ghurah, taghut Ghi (ghien kay sath) Chaghi, charaghi, baghi, damaghi Ghay

19 (ghien kay sath) Ghaib, ghair, ghaiz Fa Aafaq, aafat, akhfa, estaghna, estafadah, rafaqat, fatay, fakhtah, foladi Fay zabar Fahesh, fakhar, farigh, falodah, fanus, arfa, fabaiha, fatilah, foladi Fire, file, fine, gfarm, forward Fo Fovarah, foj, foq, foqiat, fori, fotah Foto, focus, folic Fu Futoor, fujoor, fofal, yakhafuon, harafua Fi Kafi, shafi, firozi, fouz Field, future Fay Faisal, faislah, faiz, faishon (fashion), fail, family Qa Qabil, baqa, ertiqa, aaqa, estaqamat, estasqa, afaqah, qabiz, qabu Qael, qaser, qash, fash, qaqam, qaleen, qaer, qaba, qabahat, qabael, Qabulan, qabool, qabuliat, qaz, cause Qo Qool, qavi, qomi, qonsal, qomiat Qu Quvi, quovat, qulang, chaqu Qi Qir, baqi, saqi, qief, shaqi, baraqi, kagraqi, qirat, qimat, qium, qimah Qay Qainchi, qaisar, qaitoon Ka

Aakash, ertakab, dhoka, laraka, aika, arkan, katib, kasid (S for seen) Kafir, kafur, kamil, kahil, kabak, karaiz, kaghaz, kanch, kaal, karamat Kabaer, kasafat, kavi

20 Ko Ekona, akol, hindko Copy, cotton, car, cork, carbon, catoon, coffee, scot, scotch, coupn Ku Kobutar, ku ba ku, kuch, kuncha, kuchi, kunjarti Ki Bharkila, khaki, shaki, kiel Kay Kaifay, kaifi, kaif, kamokay, mareedkay La Lahol, lazim, lazmah, lamay, laeq, labh, laat, lalch, laghar, laaf, lal Eblagh, islami, sala, aghlath, lash Lobby, lawn, laundry Lo loh, lomis, los, balota, baloor, baloch, ballot, balwan, balog, balo Lobiya, lori, Loafer, lower, local Lu luban, lun, ludo Li Khali, gali, Sali, thali, esraeli, esrafili, barfili, bijli, liver Lay laina, lalay, halay, lait, laila, lain, laikh, likha, lady, laivi, land Ma Mahool, matam, madi, mazi, aasman, Kaman, arman, estamal, estamar, mala, mashah, maedah, malidah, maliah, mawad, mawashi, (Meem Zabar) Modern, mark, march Mo Mosim, mola, moj, mojodah, mojzan, mool, mor, motor, Mu Aadmudah, almut, muzi, mubad, muwali, musiqi, musal, Musa Mi

Mata,

21 Meet, miyad, esmi, nami, miyan, mian, miyanah, midan, mina May Mai Mailan, Maiwa, maiwat, maila, aamaizesh, metran, metal, match Na Nabghah, nadir, nazil, nasik, nasib, nayaab, nakhun, nazuk, nata, naraen, Noon Zabar Naik, aabginah, sazinah, zarinah, narinah, khaginah, abna, arna, asnaad Na’saz, na’jaez, na’rava, nabataat, nabaz, nabuwat, nabi, naburd, normal, Acknewdlegement No Bano, bay’nawae, nawab, nobat, nokar, nook, nowardi, notification, note Nu Nur, amanu, Zannoon,Vishnu Ni Arni, saryani, biyani, kokaryani, afyuni, niat, nilam, nilofar, nichay, nila Nay/ne Biganay, sarhanay, arnay, bahanay, sohanay, poranay, un’janay, naite, Nairang, naizah, naesh, naiki, navi, nature, native, Wa Wazay, wajab, wasef, wahad, waris, wared, vareed, wastay, abwaab, arwa Azdwaj, astaswab, aswa, aghwa, awan, wabistah, waraftah, wara, wali War, watch, wine, vice, wire, was, wardan, world, (wao zabar)

Waba, wabal, watad, vasiqah, vajood wao zabar wao Wovqhim Vi/Wi

Samavi, virani, viragi, virta, qavi, viza, vito

Vay

Aavaizaan, vaisa, vitaag, vidait, vaidak, vira, vaisay

Way

Witer, Waiting, Vaseline

22

Ha Azhar, azdaha, ajdaha, estafham, estaham, hazarah, havas Hydro, high, house Ho Hont, hona, havat, hosh, hotel, hosiery, home, hostal Hu Hula, hool, sahu, huka, aahu, bahu, sahu, hooter Hi Tabahi, sepahi, siyahi, rahi, sehmahi, kahi, kotahi, Hai Haibat, haizah, haikal, birhay, azdhay Hand, head, hero Ya Yaas, yabas, yaseen, yaqut, yabindah, yara, yavah, yatra, yar, goya Ekhtayar, ashya, olya, bakhyah, yahodah, kamyab, yajooj, Yo Yoom, yomiya, yoog, union, unity, unit Yu Qayum, yusaf, yuhana, yunis, yuresh, use, university, yuraj, yunani, Yranium Ye Yelak Dohri aawaz kay liay Arbi main ziyadah’tar shad ka estamal hota hai Jabkah angraizi main dohri aawazain estamal ki jati hain. Maslan Zoo, batter, matter, possible, message, pass

23

PAY/P KI MUTBADAL ARBI AAWAZAIN Aawaz Pay/p Arbi main nahain hai. Es kay liay Bay/b Fay/f ko mutbadal aawaz khayaal kiya jata hai likn aawazoon ki tabdili se mmufhomi kharabi paidah ho sakti hai. Mairay nazdeek donoon main se wohi aawaz estamal main lae ja’ay jo monasab-e-hal ho aur soti ya mufhomi kharbi ka ehtamal na rahay. Yah bhi kah mufhumi kharabi ki surat main wohhi lafz tarkeeb pa’ay ga jo her manus ya bohat kam tehreer-o-takreer main estamal hota ho aur mustamal ho kar mutlobah aur mukhsus mafaheem main ravaj pa ja’ay. maenoon ki kharabi koe bara aieb nahain, asal maslah to es kay matloob-o-maqsood mafaheem main ravaj pana hai. Mafheem ki tabdili kay hawalah se eak nahain saikaroon alfaz, jo alag se mafaheem main ravaj rakhtay hain, daraj kiay ja saktay hain. Maslan Khasam malik, aaqa, waris lowahiq khawand wagherah, mafaheem main ravaj rakhta hai Ooqat haiseat kay liay mustamal hai Ghareeb Muflis, kangal bay’charah wagherah mafhoom rakhta hai Hoor Khoob’surat zamini oorat kay liay estamal main aata hai Wahid estamal hota hai Yah darasal var par “hay” ka azafah hai Kharaj Akhraj kay liay mustamal hai jabkah es kay maeni “ghani jhari” jis main se guzra na ja sakay, hai “karach” ko essi se mota’alq samjha jata hai Tabay’dar Arbi+Farsi hai aur tabay farman kay maenoon main estamal hota hai Jama’dar Arbi+Farsi hai aur eak ohday ka naam hai Mutradaf aawazoon kay hawalah se haqeqi maeni koe bhi rahay hoon agar en ko koe aur shakal aur maeni day diay jaein to anokhi baat nahain. Maslan Kaanp se kanb ya kaanb- kaanpna se kaanba (kamba) kamni (kanbni) Tap se tab ya taf Sonp/soonp se sonb/soonb- sonb se sonbi ya sonfi/sonfe Choop se choob, job, shoob, soob- soof- koob, koof, khoobh, koobh Agli satoor main es zimun main mazeed misalain di gae hain takah “Pay/p” se mota’alaq gher Arbi afaz ki daramad ka koe monasab hal ya rastah daryaft kiya ja sakayy: • • • • • • • • • • • •

Pocket Policy Pilot Public Problem Property Proxy Prime Primary Private Province Permit

bocket/buket bolicy bilot bublic/bublik broblem brobarty/brobati broxy brime brimary brivate brovince barmit

foket/focket phoket folicy filot fublic/fablik froblem frobarty/frobarti/frofarty/frofarti forxy frime frimay frivate frovince farmit

24 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Print brint frint Port bort fort Post bost fost Postal bostal fostal Poll bool foul Polit bolit folit Polo bolo folo Police bolice folice Poker boker/bokar foker/fokar Penny bany fonny Party barty farty Pass book bass book fass book Aapi aabi aafi aafe aaphe Papi babi fafi bafi/fabe fabi/fabe Topi tobi/tobe tofi/tofe Japi jabi/jabe jafi/jafe Chupi jubi jufi/jufe o Shubi/shube subi Sonpi sonbi/sonbe sofi/sonfe Sawapi sawabi sawafi/sawafe sawaphe Sopi sobi sofi/sofe Siyapi siyabi siyafi/siyafe Hanpi hanbi hanfi/hanfe Thapi thabi thafi/thafe Phophi bhobhi bhofi/bgofe bhophe/ bhophy Khaipi khaibi khaifi/khaife khaiphe/khaiphy Kanpi kanbi kanfi/kanfe kanfe Alapi alabi alafi/alafe alaphe/ alaphy Sharapi -sharafi sharaphe/sharaphy Tapi tabi tafi/tafe taphe/taphy Chachi jafe jafi japhe/japhy  Shafe/shashi sa’bi sa’si Taraph tarabh taraf taraph Talaph talabh talaf talaph Talaphe talabhi talafe talaphe talaphy Parbat barbat farbat Partal bartal fartal

25

CHAY KI MUTBADAL ARBI AAWAZAIN Pakistani zabanoon kay hawalah se ahum’tareen aawaz hai. Yah aawaz es mulak kay qudrati mahool aur mosmi halaat main rachi basi sonae daiti hai. Arbi es aawaz se na’ashna hai. Seraf Misar kay kuch alaqay ba’qool Dr. Mohsan Jeem ki aawaz par Chay ka gomaan guzarta hai ta’hum essay qatan qatan Chay qarar nahain diya ja sakta. Angraizi ki koe mufrad aawaz Chay aawaz paida nahain karti. Es kay liay “ch” marakab aawaz ka estamal karna parta hai. Bhari (Maha Paran) Chaiy kay liay bhi yahhi marakab aawaz estamal main aati hai likin asal talafaz ada karnay se qaser hai. Es hawalah se essay mutradaf aawaz ka naam diya ja sakta hai. Essi tara Chay kay liay bhi Arbi main mutradaf aawazain mojood hain likin kisi haad tak aawazoon kay mislay kay hal main moawan zaroor sabat ho sakti hain. Es zimun main chand misalain malahzah hoon: • Chehrah Jehrah Shehrah Sehra • Chak Jaak Shak Sa’ak • Chara Jara Shara Sa’ara • Chand Jand Shand Saand • Chalak Jalak Shalak Salak • Chawal Jawal Shawal Sawal • Chahat Jahat Shahat Sa’at • Chula Jula Shula Sula • Chart Jart Shart Sart • Chair Jair Shair Sair • Chief Jief Shief Sief • Chester Jerter Shester Sester Jastar Shastar Sastar • Chember Jember Shember Sember • Chain Jain Shain Sain

Talmood main “Zelikha” kay liay “Zelicha” likha giya hai. Es hawalah se es lafaz ka talafaz Chay kay sath banta hai.Chay kay sath yah lafaz yahaan kabhi parhnay sonnay main nahain aaya. Arbi, khah wo kisi bhi Arbi walaet ki rahi ho, main Chay kisi hawalah se mustamal nahain hai. Khalas Misri logoon kay aalat-e-notaq aawaz Chay nikhalnay par qudrat nahain rakhtay. Asal moamlah yah hai kah Ch ka estamal Kaaf kay liay bhi hota hai. Yah lafaz Zelicha ya Zelikha nahain balkah Zelika bhi banta hai hai jo hamaray haan Zelikha mustamal hai. Ch (Kaaf) ki aawazoon kay hawalah se chand misalain malahzah hoon: • Technology Teknology/Teknologi • Technique Teknique/Teknik • Technical Teknical/Teknikal • Cholera Kolra • Mechanic Mekanic/Mekanik

26 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Chistopher Crist Christan Chemical Chemistry Choronical Chart Chram Chester Chara Chawal Chilmachi Charinda Chaku Chacha Chehlum

Karestopher/karestofar Krist/karist Karistan Kemical/Kemikal Kemistry/Kemistri Koronical/Koronikal Cart Kart Caram Karam Caster Kaster Cara Kara Cawal Kawal Cilmachi Kilmaki Carinda Karinda Cacu Kaku Caca Kaka Cehlum Kehlum

German main Ch marakab aawaz khay kay liay bhi estamal main aati hai. Maslan Munich (Munikh)

Ch Angraizi marakab Aawaz se es haqeqat ka bhi enkshaf hota hai kah Chay ki mutradaf aawaz Kaaf hai jabkah “Zelika” kay hawalah se khulta hai kah Kaaf ki mutradaf aawaz Khay (Zelicha/Zelika ki baja’ay Zelikha”) hai. Muslan • Cart Khart • Charm Kharm • Cholera Kholra • Technical Tekhnical • Chemical khemikal/Khemikal • Charbi Kharbi • Chabi Khabi • Charkha Karka/Kharka/Carka/Carca • Charunji Karunji • Chacha Caca/Kaka • Charagaan Carakaan/Karakaan • Khan Kan • Khajah Kajah/Kaja • Na’chaki na’Kaki • Charkhi Karki/Kharki/Karkhi

27

Chay kay liay “tay, sheen/tesh” ka estamal bura nahain aur mustamal bhi hai. Aawazain giranay ya barhanay kay zimun main lafaz kay sooti hosan ko mad-e-nazar rakhna ho ga. Chand misalain batoor namonah malahzah hoon: Elachi se Elateshi Buch se butash, Bach se batashi, bachi se batashi, buchi se butashi Bawarchi se bawarteshi/bartashi Sach se satesh, sachi se satashi Kach se katesh, kachi se katashi, Karachi se karatshi/katashi Gichi se kitashi/ghtashi, gamchi se kamtashi/ghamtashi Luch se lutash, luchi se lutashi Machi se matshi, muchi se mutashi Hichaki se hitashi Chay ka tabadal Tay bhi hai. Maslan Sach se Sat (Ram naam sat hai)

28

GAAF KI MUTBADAL ARBI AAWAZAIN Gaaf kasrat se estamal main aanay wali aawaz hai. Yah dunyaan ki taqreban tamam zobanoon ka hissah hai likin Arbi main yah aawaz mojood nahain. Badaisi alfaz ko ekhtayar karnay kay liay qareeb tareen aawaz kaaf se kaam nikala jata hai likin ba’az oqaat mufhomi aur soti paichidgi paidah ho jati hai. Maslan girl ko karl main tabdeel karain, karl kay Angraizi main ba’qaedah aur zaati mafaheem hain aur yah maeni mustamal aur maroof hain Lihazah es akaili aawaz par ektafa nahain kiya ja sakta balkah oljhao ka ehtamal rehta hai. Kaaf kay elavah sheen aur ghain ko gaaf kay tabadal kay liay estamal karnay ki sefaresh karna bura na ho ga ta’hum estamal kay moamlah main lafz ki zarorat aur soti hosn ko paish-e-nazar rehna ho ga. Agli satoor main kaaf kay sath sath sheen aur ghain kay hawalah se taqreban 50 misalain daraj ki gae hain ta’kah kisi haad tak sahi, moamlah wazay to ho sakay: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

God Gauze Gown Gutter Gress Ghraph Grammar Grant Great Grain Gallery Gardan Garam Gara Gali Gajri Gachka Lagan Ganga Guard Gun Gazar

se se se se se se se se se se se se se se se se se se se se se se

Ghod Ghauze Kown/ghowm/gha’oon Ghatter Ghress Ghraph/graf Ghrammar Ghrant Ghreat Ghrain Ghallery Ghardan Gharam Ghara Ghali Ghajri Ghashka Laghan Ghangha/Ghanka Shard Shun Shazar

29 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Gaudanti se Shaudanti Guft se Shuft Gader se Kader/kadar Garden se Karden/kardin Guarantee se Karantee/karanti/karanty Golf se Kolf Guide se Kuide/kaid Good se Kood/cood Ground se Kround/Karaond Green se Kareen Grey se Krey Guess se Kues Gift se Kift Gilt se Kilt Golden se Kolden/coldan/colden Gang se Kang Gajar se se Kajar Girah se Kirah Gagan se Kakan/kajan Gari se Kari/Shari (gari shari, marakab mustamal hai) Gardesh se Kardesh Gareft se Kareft Guzar se Kuzar Gozaresh se Kazaresh Gustakh se Kustakh/costakh

30

PUSHTO KI CHAR MUKHSUS AAWAZAIN waqt bil’tarteeb zeim, seim, gay, khein aur nar bola jata hai jabkah estamal kartay waqt yah kuch es tara ki aawazain paida kartay hain: Zeim, jeim aur zay ki aawazain paida kartay hain. Maslan Jan’war se zanawar Jo se zo Ja’ay se zoay Jado se zado Jagah se zagah Seim, chay aur seen se ada hota hai. Masalan Kharsol, seral, khars, sook, sapli, somra. Sakal wagherah Khein, es ka asal talafaz Arbi kay sheen ki tara hai. Es haraf ka estamal sheen ki aawaz kay liay hota hai. Maslan Wakh (jagao), ghakh (dant), pakhto (pushto) Gay, gay zoban ki jar se nikalta hai. Gay ki aawaz paida karta hai. Maslan Galae, gaira, logay, shapagham Nar, es ka talafaz noon aur “array” se marakab hai. Maslan Lonra, chunra, daraznara wagherah Jeim, chay, zay, sheen aur seen, Pushto haroof-e-tahiji main ba’qaedah dakhal hain. Es tara khay ka estamal bhi aam hai. Seim kay hawalah se yah baat samnay aati hai kah chay kay liay Pushto main seen mutbadal aawaz mojood hai. Chay se motalaq mohajar alfaz jeim yah sheen kay estamal seen hai jo sheen kay qareeb tareen aawaz hai. Maslan Chapli se shapli/japli- shapli se sapli Chor se shoor- shoor se soor/joor Karach se karash- karash se kharas/kharaj Chakhna se shakna/jahna- shakna se sekna (sakal) wagherah Mivati main sheen ki aawaz mojood nahain. Sheen kay liay seen ba’toor mutbadal aawaz estamal main aat hai. Maslan Bashir se basir, shay se say, shahid se sahid, shoalah se solah waghera Punjabi main bhi ba’az oqaat sheen kay liay seen ka estamal hota hai. Maslan Fareshtah se faresta Teen haroof se mota’alaq aawazain Arbi zoban main mojood hain. Maslan Zeim, jazeim, sazeim, tazeim, azeim Seim,, tajseim, jaseim, naseim, waseim, seim Pusto kay iktalis (41) haroof-e-tahiji main se panch (5), pushto ki zaati aawazain hain. En ko boltay

31 Khein, wakhein, sakhein, bakhein, zakhein, makhein Pushto ki doo aawazoon ka Urdu main estamal malahzah ho: Gay, nirgay, bhagay, dhagay, paragay, sohagay aagay Nar, nara, nari, banra Arbi main gaf ki mutbadal aur qareeb tareen aawaz kaf hai. Maslan Gay se kay kitab (zeir yay kay liay estamal main aati hai.) Kaief, kaifeat, kaifi, kaifar, kaisar, kaila, kailash Nar, array ki qareeb tareen aawaz ray hai. Maslan Nar, narmaish, nird, nird’ban, narma, narzah, narghah Narsinhga, nark, nargas, narm Narjas Nar, accretionary, anarchic, binary, canary Cautionary, camard, canard, centenarian Gay, Gayly, nosegay, gayety Kay, Cabaret, cable, cafe

32

DOHRI BADAISI AAWAZAIN AUR ARBI KA TABADLI NAZAM Badaisi alfaz ki tarkeeb tashkeel aur tarmeem ka dar-o-madar mahool, mosam, shakhasi mazaj, zarorat, rujhanaat, halaat aalat-e-notaq aur moavan aalat-e-notaq aur jamaliyaat jo os alaqah aur qoon se makhsus hoti hai, par hota hai. Pay, Chay, Dal, Array, Gaaf aur bhari aawazain Arboon kay mahool jamaliyaat wagherah se laga nahain rakhtein. Yah baat aisi hi hai jaisay eak shakas dhool ki aawaz par raqas karta hai jabkah dusray ka es aawaz se sar phatnay lagta hai. Yah ravaeyah eak hi wasaib main basnay waloon main mojood hota hai likin essay mujmoe rujhan ka naam nahain diya ja sakta aur na’hi essay logoon ka mujmoe mazaj kaha jana chahiay. Zoban aur os kay motalqaat ki surat es se masal sahi likin os ka andaz mukhtalif aur eak mujmoe hota hai. Dusri zabonoon kay alfaz ekhtayar kartay samay yah zarorat nazar andaz bhi nahain ho pati ba’surat-e-degar badaisi alfaz hamishah mahajar hi rahain gay. Kisi dusri valaet ki zoban se reshtah ostawar kartay waqt onhain apni sabqah adtain bhoolna hoon gi. Yahan tak kah apna libadah (tabdili-e-haiat)bhi tabdeel karna parta hai aur yah moamlah kisi eak ya makhsus zoban tak mehdood nahain. Tamam zobanain es ki pairo hoti hain. Aawazoon kay tabadal kay ziman main bohat se ommor paish nazar rehtay hain. Maslan 1- Zarorat aur manasbat-e-hal 2- Suri hosn jo kah os qoom aur alaqah se makhsus hota hai 3- Eak hi lagfz main eak ya eak se zeyadah mukhtalif aawazoon kay tabadal kay liay mukhtalif oqaat main mukhtalif toor ekhtayar kiay jatay hain 4Eak hi lafz main teen badaisi aawazoon kay tabadal kay liay alag alag andaz-o-atwar ekhtayar kiay jatay hain Agli satoor main moaqaf ko wazay karnay kay liay chand misalain indraj main lae gae hain ta’kah moamlah kisi haad tak to saaf ho sakay:

Pay Chy • • • • •

Poch Pocha Pachara Pancha Pachotra

Bosh Bosha Bashara Bancha Bashotra

Boj Boja Bajara

33 • • •

Parchool Parchum Parci

Barshool Barshum Bartahi

Barjool Barjum Barji

Bhora Bunwara Bunwari Budri

Buddi

Barshati

Pay Array • • • •

Phora Punwara Punwari Padri

Pay Gaaf • • • • •

Punga Pungat Pungal Patung Patanga

Bunka Bungkat Bunkal Batank Batanka

Bunca

Chay Pay • • • • • • • • • • •

Chapati Chapalisi Chopaya Chupti Chapidah Chapra Chapak Chapka Chaipi Chapu Chaip

Shabati/shabaty Kabalosi Jabaya Kabaya Shubti/shabty Jabti/jabty Shabadah Sabidah Jabida Shabra Jabra Shabak Jabak Jabka/jabca Shaibi Jaibi Shabu Sabu Jaik

Chay Dal • •

Choonda Choondi

Shoonda Shondi

Joonda Jondi

Shuri

Juri

Chay Array •

Churi

Barshaty

34 •

Churha

Churha

Chay Gaaf • • •

ChanGaiz Choga Chogan

ShanKaiz JanKaiz Soka/shoca Joka/joca Shokan jokan

Gaaf Pay • • •

Gup Garap Galap

Karab

Ghub Sharab

Gharab Ghalab

Gaaf Chay • • •

Gocha Gulchein Gocha

Kooka

Kuljein Ghusha

Ghuka/ghuca Gulkein Kosha

Gaaf Daal • • • • • •

Goda Godar/goder Gadmad Duda Gudi Bigar

Koda Joda Kodar/koder Jodar/joder Kadmad Kuda kudi/kudy Bighar Kibar

Gaaf Array • • • • •

Gor Garbar Gurti Garwa Gomar

kor Karbar

Ghurti/ghuty Gharwa Komar

Daal Pay Diploma

Jor Jarbar

Dibloma

35

Daal Daal •

Dand, Danda, Dhonda, Dandot, Dandi, Dahda, waghera

Daal Array •

Dhara

Daal Gaaf • • • • • •

Diagram Dangar Daang Dag Digna Degree

Diakaram Dankar Daank

Danjar Daj

Dikna/dicna Decri Dekri

Decry

Pay Pay • • • • • •

Papu Papolna Papota Papita Pipa Papotan

Babu (mostamal hai aur maeni bhi qareeb qareeb hain) Babolna Babota Babita Biba Babotan

Chay Chay • • • • • •

Chanchal Chicha Chichak Chalchal Chilmachi Chachi

Janjal Jankal Kika/kica Jica/jika Kijak/kijac Sejak/sejac Kaljal/caljal Shalka Kalkal Kilmaci/kimaki Selmaki Kaki Pushto main qareeb qareeb maenoon main  mustamal hai)  Caji Shashi Jaji Sasi Caki

Gaaf Gaaf • • •

Gilgil Gareftagi Gudgadi

Kilkil Kariftaki Kudkadi

Kilcil

Silsil

36 • • • • • • • •

Gada’gari Gorg Girgit Gorga Garmani Gagan Gangga Ghonghat

Kada’gari Kork Korj Kirjit Kircit Korka Jurja Jurka Jarmani Kakan Jajan Jakan Kankka/kanca/canka Jhunkat Kuncat

Jurca

Pay Gaaf Array • • •

Pungora Bunkora Bunjora Pungri Bunkri Bunkry Gor’punkh Kur’bunkh Kar’bunk Kar’bunkh

Pay Pay Array •

Pipri

Bibri

Chay Pay Array •

Chapar

Shashar

Shabar

Bajaar

Bashar

Janjar

Shanjar

Pay Chay Array •

Pachar

Chay Array Gaaf •

Changar

Kabar

37

BHARI AAWAZAIN AUR ARBI KA LISANI NAZAM Pakistan ki baish’tar zobanain/boliaan maslan Urdu, Punjabi, Pothohari, Saraeki, Gojri Mivati waghera char qesam ki aawazoon par mushtamil hain 1- Mufrad Aawazain yaeni halki aawazain (Alap Paran) 2- Bhari aawazain yaeni (Maha Paran) 3- Marakab Aawazain 4- Alamiti Aawazain Apni es khasusiat kay sabab en main dunyaan ki tamam zabanoon/Bolioon se ziyadah lachak hai. Yah badaisi alfaz/estalahaat (asal halat, aawazoon kay tabadal wagherah kay sath) qabolti chali jati hain. Yah wasaf dunyaan ki dusri zobanoon main mojood nahain. Arbi kay pas teen qesam ki aawazain (mufrad, marakab aur alamati) mojood hain jabkah Angraizi kay pas doo (mufrad aur marakab) qesam ki aawazain hain. Goya bhari aawazoon kay liay Arbi ko jabkah bhari aur alamiti aawazoon kay liay Angraizi ko masael paish aatay hain. Onhain ziyada’tar tarjamah se kaam laina parta hai. Es se ezhar ki asal surat Pas-e-manzar main chali jati hai ya pher dhundla jati hai. Bhari aawazoon kay liay donoon zobanoon ko marakab aawazoon se kaam chalana ho ga. Es tara estalahaat ko ekhtayar karnay main aasani rahay gi aur es se kisi haad tak mafaheem ki kharabi bhi nahain paida ho gi. Es zimun main batoor namonah chand misalain malahzah hoon: • • • • • • •

Bhay Bha Bhaji Bhaghwat Gita Bhojan Bhonchal Bhaid

Bhag door Bhawaj Ba’aji Bakwat kita Bojan Bhonjal Baid

Bhak door Bawaj

Bonjaal

Baak door Bavaj

38 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Bhaias Baias Phay Phatak Bhatak Batak Pha Phans Bhans Bans Phansi Bhansi Bansi Phatkari Bhatkari Batkari Phada Bhada Bada Phool Bhool Bool Phonk Bhonk Bonk Phalvari Bhalvari Balvari Thay Tharparkar Tharbarkar Tarbarkar Tha Theatre Thaiter Taiter Theosophy Theasofi Thaisofi Tsyosofi Theory Thaiyori Tayori Thay Thaila Taila Tha Thakar Thakar Takar Jhay Jhanjer Jhanjar Janjar (Punjabi main Essi tara Jha mostamal hai) Jharun Jharun/Jharan Jarun/jaran Jhag Jhag Jag/Ja’ag Jhanda Jhanda Janda Jholi Jholi Joli Jhonpri Jhonbri Jonbri Chay Chati Jhati Jati Shati Sati Cha Cheel Jheel Jeel Sheel Seel Cha’oon Jha’oon Ja’oon Sha’oon Sa’oon Chi’da Jhaida Jaida Shaida Saida Chilka Jhilka Jilka Shilka Silka Dhay Dhal Dhal Da’al Dha Dhakosla Dakosla Dhool Dool Dhair Dhair Dair Khay Khaj Khaj Kha Khad Khad Kaad Khana Khana Kana Khaand Khaand Ka’and Khalari Khalari Kalari Khilna Khilna Kilna Kholna Kholna Kolna Khichri Khijhri Kijri Ghay Ghat Khat Kaat Gha Ghael Khael Kael

39 •

Ghatna

Khatna

CHAND ANGRAIZI AUR ARBI MUFRAD AUR MARAKAB AAWAZAIN Aawazoon kay tashkeel panay aur oon kay ezhar –o-akhraj ka ta’alaq shakhasi aalaat-enotaq aur moawan aalaat-e-notaq se hota hai jabkah oon kay tarkibi-o-takhliqi amal main motalaqah khitah kay qudrati mahool halaat aur mosmi suratoon ka amal dakhal hota hai. Yah aawazain hi haroof-e-abjad ka roop ekhtayar karti hain. Her aawaz jahaan jazbaat-oehsasaat aur khiyalaat ki namaendah hoti hai wahaan woh os khitah kay qudrati mahool aur mosami halaat ki bhi namaendgi karti hai. Motalaqah wasaib jab dusri (qurb-o-jawar aur badaisi) walaetoon se insalaak ka sazawar hota hai to wahaan kay khiyalaat (jo os alaqah se mukhsus hotay hain), os khitah ki zoban kay hawalah se mahajrat ekhtayar kartay hain. Mamasal aawazoon kay hamil alfaz ko mahajrat kartay samay kisi qesam ki diqat aur dashwari paish nahain aati jabkah adam mojood aawazoon kay moamlah main os alaqah ki boli/zoban, jo os se mukhsus hoti hai ki mutbadal ya mufrad aawazain ya pher marakab aawazoon se mislay ko hal karnay ki koshesh ki jati hai. Es koshesh main mohajaralfaz, Haiti hawalah se kuch ka kuch ho jata hai. Es tara woh apni madri (native) zoban/boli kay liay bhi ajnabi ban jata hai. Nae zoban kay lisani system main madigham honay kay liay ossay apna bohat kuch (shakal, surat, mafaheem) taiyagna parta hai. Es tara woh nae zoban ka lafaz japnay lagta hai. Taiyag hi ossay waqar aur nae zoban kay zakhirah-e-alfaz main jagah day sakta hai. Yah sab aam aur omomi halaat kay tehhat waqoo main aata hai likin jab mohajar zoban ba’toor hakam, khitah main dakhal hoti hai to es surat main bhi khitah ki zoban ko awaliat ka sharaf hasal rehta hai yaeni nae zoban ko khitah ki zoban kay lisani system ko ekhtayar karnay par majboor hoti hai. Haan albatah en halaat main insalak ki suratain taiz ya taiz’tar hoti hain. Bahar’toor ossay khitah ki zoban kay lisani nazam ki ongli pakarna

40 hi parti hai. Aawazoon kay hawalah se agli satoor main Angraizi ki kuch aawazoon ko Arbi kay lisani nazam kay hawalah se malahzah karnay ki haqeer se koshesh ki gae hai. “Khay” angraizi zoban main mojood nahain. Arbi Aawaz “Khay” ko Angraizi zoban kay tehhat daikhnay aur parkhanay ki koshesh ki gae hai.

ANGRAIZI KI CHAND DOHRI AAWAZAIN AUR ARBI KA ANDAZ-ETAKALAM

C (kaaf) Class-kalas, College-koleg/kaleg, Course-koras, Car-kar, Cross-karos/karas/koras, Courage-korej/karej Cloth-kalath/koloth, Court-kort/kourt (t for tay), Cotton-katon/kotan

C (seen) City-sity, Circle-sarkal,

Chay Chamber-jhamber/sambar/shamber Challenge-jhaleng, saileng/shalenge/shaileng Cheife-jheif/seif/sheif Chair-jhair/sair/shair Check-jheck/seck/sheck/saik/seck Chart-jhart/sart/shart

U

41 (Paish ki aawaz) Put, Bull But, Cut, Hut, Dull

S (Seen ki aawaz) Sheet, possible (basibal), simple (simble), Sleep (sleeb), sample (samble), rest, best, hoste, hospital (hosbital), school (sakool) Zay/zal ki aawaz

Se Impose (imbose), cause (kaz) increase (Inkreez), decrease (dekreez)

So Desolve (dezolve), Resolve (resolve)

ANGRAIZI KI PANCH MARAKAB AAWAZAIN Gh (ghain) Gha’ir, Ghalib, Ghalibah, Ghamazi, Ghalti, Gharoob, Gharqah, Ghamazi, Ghazi Ghost, Ghout, Ghette, Ghoul, Gharry, Ghastly, Ghastly, Gharkin

Sh (sheen) Sholah, shaan, shoukat, shagird, sharjeel, shaker, shareat, shara Should, shift, shop, shirt, short, show, shoe, sheet, shade, shed, shall

Se (zay/zall) Shase/shazi, kirmzi Zail, zalika Cause, close, clause, impose, representation, decrease, increase, compromise, dispose

So (zal/zay) Resolve, desolve

42

Ch (Chay) Chabi-shabi/sabi/jhabi/jabi, Chaskoo-shaskoo/saskoo/jhaskoo/jaskoo Chabak-shabak/jhabak/jabak/sabak Chester-shester/jhester/jester/sester Change-shang/jhang/jaing/saing Charge-sharg/jharg/jarg/sarg Chamber-shember/samber/jhamber/jamber

ARBI KI EAK AHUM AAWAZ Kh (khay) Khay Angraizi ki mufrad ya marakab aawazoon main dakhal nahain likin Arbi kay zair-easar gher angraizi alfaz kay liay mostamal hai ta’hum essay “doo chshmi kaaf” kay talafaz se ada kiya jata hai. Urdu/Hindi se mota’alaq log essay “khay’ hi parhain gay. Es hawalah se yah haqeqat bhi khulti hai kah “doo chshmi kaaf” Angraizi bolnay waloon kay hawalah se, “khay”ki mutradaf aawaz hai. Es zeman main ba’toor namonah chand masalain malahzah hoon: Note: khy ko “doo chshmi kaaf” kay sath parhain • Khan, Khaliphah, kharjah, khangi, kharabi, kharaab, khakah, kharesh, khandaq • Khat/kat • Afrika aur Asia main paya janay wala eak poda • Khedive/ka dav • Misar kay Turki vaisra’ay ka khataab (1867 to 1914) • Khamisn/kam’sin/kamsen • Garam janobi hawa jo Sahara se Mashraq qareeb, khas toor par Misar main March se May tak chalti hai • Khan/kan • Karwaan sara’ay • Turki kuch aur mamalik main Awami sara’ay • Kois/keos • Eak Unani jazira

43

BAR-E-SAGHER KI PANCH HISAS AAWAZAIN “Aa” Pakistan ki kisi zoban main ba’toor haraf-e-tahiji shamil nahain likin es ka estamal ba’toor haraf hota hai. Bachoon ko ba’toor haraf-e-tahiji (alaf mada-aam) parhaya jata hai. Es se alfaz ka aaghaz bhi hota hai.Kuch lught main essay ba’toor haraf shamar kiya giya hai. . “mad” Arbi se daramad howa hai likin Arbi main haraf kay toor par estamal main nahain aata aur na’hi kisi lafaz ka es se aaghaz hota hai. Moamlah dar’asal yah hai kah her lafaz ki apni zaati eak aawaz hoti hai likin “Aa” ki doo aawazai (Alaf+alaf, Alaf+ zabar, Hamza+zabar) hain. Roman lipi main “Aa” se ada kiya jata hai. “Aein” Arbi se Pakistani zobanoon main daramad aawaz hai. Es kay estamal ki ziyadah’tar teen suratain milti hain: 1-Aein+alaf= Aa ( Aein ki zabar kay shamar se teen aawazain banti hai) 2-Aein+Zabar=Aa (Zabar kay sath bhi Aa ki aawaz baramad hoti hai) 3-Darmiyan main aa kar apni alag se (aein ki) aawaz ki shankht barqarar rakhti hai. Roman lipi main “a” se wazay kartay hain. Hamzah Arbi ki aawaz hai. Pakistani zobanoon main es ka mukhtalif hawaloon se estamal hota hai aur aawazoon ki mukhtalif suratain parhnay ko milti hain ta’hum es se kisi lafaz ka aaghaz nahain hota: 1. 1-Hamzah zabar Alif+zabar Aa 2. 2-Hamza zair Alif+zair Ee, Ai 3. 3-Hamzah doo zabar, Alif+doo zabar Un 4. 4- Hamzah doo zair Alif+doo zair En

44 5. 5-Hamzah yay Yay+hamzah Ee 6. 6-Hay doo paish Alif+doo paish Oon 7. 7-Hamzah zair meem Alif+meem Em 8. 8-Hamzah bari yay Bari yay+hamzah Ai 9. 9-Hay maqsorah hamzah Ai 10. 10-Wao hamzah Oo 11. 11-Hamzah yay choti Ee 12. 12-Hay kay opar hamzah (Pushto) Parhnay main “lzay” sikhnay main “Zeim” Noon Ghonah dar’asal Arbi ki “Noon” ki tabdeel’shudah aawaz hai likin Arbi main estamal nahain hoti. Farsi aur Pakistani zobanoon main ba’kasrat estamal main aati hai. Es ki jar main noon ki aawaz mojood rehti hai. Es kay estamal ki doo omomi suratain hoti hain: 1-Mikoon, saankoon, asaankoon 2-Saanwal likhnay main noon wao likin parnay main saan+wal 3-Horain, hay+wao+ray+yay+noon ghonah Yay Arbi ki bari ahum aawaz hai. Es ki maktobi teen suratain milti hain: 1- Nichay doo noqtay 2- choti yay 3- Bari yay Agli satoor main en panchoon aawazoon se motalaq alfaz ba’toor misal daraj kar raha hoon ta’kah marozaat-e-bala ko samjnay main kisi haad tak madad mil sakay aur mazeed guftagu kay darwazay khul sakain.

Aa Arbi

Urdu Baloch

Abnaa’aa (hamzah zabar), Bimaashaa’aa (hamzah zabar) Isra’aaeel (isra+aa+hamzah zair+noqti yay+ laam) Yo maa’ezin (Yay zabar, wao meem zabar, hamzah zair, zay aur os kay nichay doo zair) Hada’aaeqa (Hay zabar, aa, hamzah zair, qaaf zabar) Ma’aaen (meem zabar, alaf mada, hamzah doo zair) Shaien (Sheen zabar, yay opar hamzah aur hamzah kay nichay doo zair) Do’aa’un (Dal paish, aein alaf, alaf kay opar mada, hamzah aur hamzah kay nichay doo zair) Sawa’aaon (seen zabar, wao zabar, aa, hamzah doo paish) Asma’aaon (alaf zabar, seen sakin, meem zabar, alaf mada, hamzah doo paish) Ma’aal, Qa’aal, Ma’aab Aakhar, Aakhrat, Aaghaz, Aasar, Aabnus Aaj, aadab, aas, aasun, aag, aam, aanat, aansu Aayan (onhain), Gi aao (Ji haan), Aasan (Loha), Zarad Aalo (khurbani), Aasak (hiran)

45 Pushto Punjabi

Aafridi, Aakhstal, Aawardel, Aavaizandwal Aapat, Aapsi, Aapoon, Aakhiri, Aakhirla, Aakhirwaan, Aasay pasay, Aalocha/lucha aagha, Aal (surakh rang) Aab, Aabad, Aazar, Aabro, Aablah, Aarzo, Aatesh, Aarastah, Aaram

Turkey Farsi

Aein Aein+ alif = Aa Aaraz, aaj, aafiat, Aaqbat, Aad, aaz Aein+zabar = Aa Aaja’eb, Aanasar, Aata, Aalaqah

Aein darmiyan main Khilat, ta’alaq, motalaq, sama’at, sa,at, shuja’at

Aien shoru main Ajab, Aieb, Un’qareeb, Ezzat

Hamzah Arbi

Abnaa’aa Bimashaa’aa Esra, aa, ela

Alaf zabar bay, noon zabar, alaf mada, hamza zabar Bay zair, meem zabar, alaf mada, hamzah zabar Alaf zair, seen sakan, ray zabar, alaf mada, hamzah zair yay, laam zabar Ba, toaa,e,no, ha Bay zabr, toy zabar, alaf mada, hamzah zair, noon paish (hay aakhoon wali par zabar) Ha, daa, qa Hay zabar dal, alaf mada, hamzah zair, qaaf zabar Yo,maae, zin Yay paish wao, meem zabar, hamzah zair, zay doo zair Yo.oodo Yay zabar wao, hamzah paish, dal paish Du,aa, un Dal paish, aein zabar, alaf mada, hamzah doo zabar (dua) Daem Dal zabar alaf, hamzah zair meem Qaem Qaaf zabar alaf, hamzah zair meem

Urdu/Farsi Ta’aanah-e-aghyar/Ta’aanah-ay-aghyar (toay zabar, aein, noon zabar,hay maqsorah opar hamzah + aghyar) Tofah-e-mashooq/ Tofah-ay-mashooq (tay zabar, hay sakan, hay maqsorah opar hamza+mashooq) Qatra-e-shabnam/ Qatra-ay-shabnam Reshtah-e-ulfat/ Reshtah-ay-ulfat Aao aa’ay, aae, khao, kha’ay, khae Jao (jeem zabar, alaf mada hamzah wao) Sanao (seen zabar, noon zabar, humzah wao)

46 Batao (bay zabar, tay zabar alaf, hamzah wao) Dikhao (dal zair yay noqti, khay zabar alaf, hamzah wao) Shab-ha’ay-zulmaat (sheen zabar bay, hay maqsora alaf bari yay, zulmaat) Shab-ha’ay-faraq (sheen zabar bay, hay maqsora alaf yay, Faraaq) Shab-ha’ay-hijraan (sheen zabar bay, hay maqsor alaf yay, hijraan)

Barahvi Mosam ee (mosam, hamzah zair) Sardar ee (sardar, hamzah zair) Ghareeb ee saial (ghreeb, hamzah zair saial) Sawar ee (sawar, hamzah zair) Khoda aa (Khoda, hamza zabar) Neem roch aa (Neem roch, hamza zabar)

Balochi Ji aao (Ji, alaf mada wao kay opar hamzah) Sari aa (sari hamzah zabar) Galassay ay (glass, bari yay, hamzah zabar) Niyaam aa (niyaam hamzah zabar)

Pushto Bobae (bay paish wao, choti yay opar hamzah) Abae (Alaf zabar bay, choti yay opar hamzah) Lakae (laam zabar kaaf, choti yay opar hamzah) Kursae (kaaf paish ray seen, yay opar hamzah)

NOON GHONA

• • • • • • • •

Aavaizaan, badamaan, harmaan, kharamaan, charaghaan, darmaan, shadaan, goraizaan Borayaan, sachaeyaan Kharabiaan, taqrebaan, humdaradeyaan, sardiyaan, Gamiyaan, kushyaan Apnoon, biganoon, yaganoon, farmanoon Aasioon pasioon, aapoon Saan,koon, mikoon, taeinkoon Aapa’aan, rataan, akhaan, rakhaan, jarabaan, zataan, Pataan, barataan, shabrataan, varyaan, daradaan, ortaan

47 • • • • • • •

Loriaan, poriaan, boriaan Voteraan, sportraan, Adviceaan Dukhoon, sukhoon, purkhoon Akhoon, pakhoon, purkhoon, hatoon Shakaetain, haqaetain, sharatain, navazshain, wazartain Amartain, baghawatain, barkatain, ortain, dardain, Hoorain,Advicain

YAY KI TEEN MAKTOBI SURTAIN

Choti yay

Ta’adi, Tadadi, Khodi, Shabiri, Baghdadi, Hadi Hisabihi, asaina, mofsidin, Akanni, jati, katti, tatti, aasi, rajgiri, vadairi, adi, taraqi Free, degree, she Faryadi, shadi, yazdi, yazidi, samawi, samadi, dini,

Do noqti Yayoob, Israeel Yaad, Yabindah, yaganah, yazd, yakh, yakta, peer Yabo, yasa, yargha, yasawal Yakayak, yatra, Khira, akhirla, chirya, chaila, chika, chaila, cheel (chil)

Bari Yay Khanay, thanay, mardanay, zananay,sarhanay, othanay, Poranay, yaganay, saday, saidhay, qarzay, darjay, arzay Aagay, pichay, nichay, thallay, ballay, khulay, rajay, Maha’rajay, karochay Ja’ay, aa’ay, sa’ay, la’ay, pa’ay, para’ay, sama’ay, dha’ay

48

KATAKANA ARBI ZOBAN KA LAFZ HAI Ba’Daisi Esma, estalahaat waghera kay liay khat kata kana estamal main laya jata hai. Kanakata/katakana ba’daisi esma estalahaat waghera kay liay mustamal hai aur es ka apna lisani nazam hai. Kanakata main taqriban Hiragana ki tamam aawazain milti hain ta’hum kuch azafi Aawazain bhi hain. Hazrat Maha’Aatma Budh Dav ki talimaat kay ulma ki taqriroon aur lekcharoon ko sonnay walay sath sath likhtay chally jatay thay. Es kay liay woh mukhtasar navisi (short hand) say kaam laitay thay. Yah andaz musalmanoon kay haan bhi ravaj rakhta tha aur yah rujhan kisi na’kisi surat main aaj bhi mojood hai. Kanakata man'yōgana kay tukroon par bunyaad rakhti hai jo “Budh mat” main mustamal thi aur ba’toor mukhtasar navisi estamal ki jati thi. Yah kahein hiragana aur kabhi kanakata ko, hijoon kay hawalah say obharti hai. Arab, dunyaan ki her valait main gay aur wahaan apnay lisani asraat muratab kiay. Goman kiya ja sakta hai kah Kanakata/katakana lafaz Araboon ki hi dain ho. Zara ghoor karain: Kana kata

ka na ka ta

49 Kata kana

ka ta ka na

Kana katiban

ka na ka ti ba (n)

Kana katiba

ka na ka ti ba

Mafaheem kay itbar say bhi yah donoon bari haad tak eak dusray kay qareeb lagtay hain.

ARBI AUR PUNJABI KA LISANI RESHTAH Lafaz Punj+Aab/Punjab, es amar ki wazay toor par nishan’dahi karta hai kah (arbi rasamul-khat kay hawah se) Musalmanoon aur oon ki ravaeyaat kay zair-e-asar parvan charhi hai. Musalman kisi bhi hawalah se Bar-e-Sagher main warad hotay rahay hoon, onhoon ne jahaan dusri zobanoon par asraat moratab kiay wahaan punjabi ko bhi motasar kiya. Yahhi wajah hai kah Punjabi main un’gint alfaz Arbi ke dakhal ho gay hain aur kisi na’kisi hawalah se roz’marra ki tehreer-o-taqreer ka hissa hain. Es ki bohat sari suratain daikhnay sun’nay main aati hai. Maslan • Lafz apni asal ashkaal aur asal mafaheem kay sath warad howay • Lafz apni asal maktobi ashkaal, asal mafaheem ke sath warad howay likin aswaat main tabdili aa gae. Jaisay zima se zuma • Lafz apni asal ashkaal magar tabdili-e-mafaheem kay sat Punjabi zakhira-e-alfaz ka hissa ho gay hain. • Aawazoon ka tabadlah howa • Awazain giranay ya barhanay se Haiti tabdili aa gae • Jama moans bananay ke liay Punjabi ke lisani asool-o-atwaar ekhtayar kiay gay • Arbi alfaz ke hawalah se bohat saray alfaz-o-marakbaat ghar liay gay • Sabqoon lahqoon ke paivand se alfaz bana liay gay Gharaz bohat sari aisi suratain Punjabi zoban ke lisani tajziya-o-motaliah se mehsus ki ja sakti hain. Jis se Arbi aur Punjabi ke samaji, saqafti, mazhabi, moashi, fikri, aur lisani

50 reshtay daryaft kiay ja saktay hain. Kisi bhi nazm ya nasar paray ka aaj; jab kah Arbi apni hiseat kho baithi hai, motaliah kartay hain to ba’khobi mehsus kiya ja sakta hai kah Punjabi ki ragoon main taqreban basath (62) fisad Arbi alfaz ke RBCs gardish kunaan hain. Agli satoor main punjabi ka mukhtasar mukhtasar lisani motaliah karnay ki haqeer se koshesh ki gae hai takah ahal-e-zoban es hisas mozoo ki taraf raghab ho sakain. Aawazoon ka tabada *Hy maqsora ko alaf kay sat badal daitay hain. Maslan sadqah se sadqa, tareqah se tarea, alaqah se alaqa, arsah se arsa, fareshta se fareshta, fitranah se fitrana, hoslah se hosla *Gaaf ko ghain main badal daitay hain. Roman lipi main donoon ke liay gh marakab ka estamaal hota hai. *Sheen ko seen main tabdeel karnay ka aam rovaj hai. Masaln fareshtah se faresta. Mivati main sheen na honay kay sabab essay seen main badal daitay hain likin Punjabi ka yah rujhan aam nahain. *Daal ko jeen main badalnay ki suratain bhi milti hain. Masalan qudrat se qujrat/kujrat *Daal ko zay aur zaal main tabdeel kar daitay hain. Maslan qudrat se quzrat. Zaal aur zay ke liay roman khat main “z” estamal main aati hai. *yay alaf main tabdeel ho jati hai. Donoon ke liay roman khat main “w” estamaal kartay hai. *Zoad ki Punjabi main mutbadal aawaz jeem hai. Maslan hazoor se hajoor, arz se arj, arzi se arji, qazya se qajya wagherah *Hy ki mutbadal aawaz hy maqsora hai. Roman lipi main donoon ke liay “h” mostamal hai *Soad ke liay seen estamal main aati hai. Roman lipi main donoon ke liay “s” ka estamal hota hai *Wao ko bay main badal daitay hain. Masalan qabr se qawar, qabarastan se qawarastan *Bay ko wao main bhi badaltay hain. Maslan basna se wasni *Hy ki mutbadal aawaz alaf bhi mostamal hai. Maslan fath se fata *Zay ko jeem main tabdeel karnay ki suratain aam milti hain. Maslan ajiz se ajid, ajzi se ajdi, farzand se farjand wagherah *fay omoman phay main tabdeel ho jati hai. Maslan faqeer se phaqeer, faqeri se phaqeri fursat se phursat *Fay ke liay khy bhi sonnay ko milti hai. Maslan faqeer se fakheer (khay kay liay eng. Marakab aawaz “kh” estamal hoti hai) *Aein ki aawaz sonnay ko bohat kam milti hai. Maslan ma’aloom se maloom, ma’asoom se masoom, ta’alaq se talaq wagherah *Aein kay liay wao toa’am se toam *yay kay liay alaf alaiahdah se alahida *Hay kay liay yay fatah se fatay *Aein kay liay humza ta’amah se tama aur tama se tamae

51 *Meem kay liay wao mand se wamd *Aein ke liay alaf donoon kay liay roman khat main “a” estamal main aata hai *Jeem ke liay yay masjad se maseit *Daal kay liay tay masjad se maseit Punjabi main aawazain giranay ki kae suratain milti hain * Aein ki aawaz sonnay ko bohat kan milti hai. Maslan ma’aloom se maloom, ma’asoom se masoom, ta’alaq se talaq, afsus se fasus, farest se fahrest, qaem se qain, daem se dain, Iqbal se qabaladawat se adoot, qaeda se qaida Punjabi aawazain barhanay ka bhi aam rovaj hai Tonq, honsala, fansla, fainsla, aainsh Moanas banay ke liay Punjabi main mukhtalif andaz ekhtayar kiay jatay hain Sahibaan/sehbaan Sahabni/sabni Tofanan, zedan, talaqan, zalman, fareshtan, aiban, gharazan, ataban, ashqan, arzan, qarzan Maenvi tabdili ke liay yay ki barhoti Sabori, zamni, zimni, tamae, aqi, ami, qabli, khasi, adalti, azabi, ozri, elati, amli (ba’maeni nashae), ghaebi, eidi, sabri, sohbati, zamanti, qehri, qabali, fazoli, taqi, tofani, zalmi, zahri, aibi, ghaebi, gharti, ghsabi, farghi, sadqi Hamza+yay ki barhoti Tamae, qarzae, qazae (ba’maeni jo namaaz reh gae ho os ko baad main kisi dusri namaz kay sath parhna) Noon ki barhoti Edan, yaeni eid ke rooz paida honay wala Alaf ki barhoti Eida yaeni eid kay rooz paida honay wala Wao ka azafah Janggo jo jang kay doran paida howa ho Noon ghona ka azafa Tarfoon, zayaan, qoormaan, tamaan Ya ki barhoti Zamantiya, adaltiya, zaanya Jama bananay kay liay Noon Ghona ka azafa Adtaan, qeyamtaan, sharabaan, azabaan, zidaan, adaltaan wagherah Alaf ka azafah Zahra, pehra, eida wagherah Laam ka azafah Ziddal Wao ka Azafah Aeinkoo (aeinak laganay wala Noon ki ajeeb-o-ghareeb barhoti Amlan Alfaz ki maenivi tabdili • Tahoor ba’maeni khatna (khatna khat se tarkeeb paya hai, khat kay Arbi

52 maeni lakeer, jab’kah Urdu maeni chithi, shaip (dahri ki Qatar bareed) kay hain) • Ghazi ghoray kay maenoon main estamal kartay hain • Haji woh jo haj kay rooz paida howa ho • Zid zida’zidi, zido’zidi, zid-ba’zid, ziddal wagherah • Talaaq talaaq nanvaan, talaqan • Faraq farqofarqi • Qatal-e-aam qatlaam • Qassam qesmay ba’maeni qassam se Punjabi kay doo lahqay Mand se wand Zarorat’man sezarorat wand, aqal’mand se akalwand, gharz wand, qeyas’mand se qeyas wand, hajat’mand se hajat wand Daan se waan (likin mukhtalif maenoon main) Zarorat waan, qeyas waan, qehar waan

INTERNET PAR ARBI ZOBAN MAIN EZHAR-E-KHAYAAL KA MASLAH Urdu/Hidi bolnay walay es waqt dunyaan ki dusri bari aabadi hain likin rasm-ul- khat doo honay kay sabab yah doo hessoon main taqseem hain. Yahhi hal Punjabi zoban ka hai. Roman lipi nay kisi na’kisi haad tak inhain eak dusray kay qareeb kar diya hai. Khandgi kay liay char amoor moqarar kiay jatay hain: 1- bolna 2- samjhna 3- likhna 4- parhna En main se kisi eak par dastaras rakhnay walay ko na’khandah nahain kaha ja sakta. Ba’yak waqt koe bhi en charoon par aboor nahain rakh sakta. Charoon amoor par maharat rakhnay walay “kuch hi” log hotay hain. Yah her zoban kay sath maslah dar’paish hai. Arab alaqoon main gher arbioon ki kami nahain jo Arbi boltay hain aur samjhtay hain. Oon kay pas Life experience bhi hota hai. Apni ra’ay bhi rakhtay hain. Ra’ay ka ezhar bhi karna chahtay hain likin Arbi lipi se na’bald honay kay baes mehroom rehtay hain. Aaj kay ehhad main Internet ko bari ehmiat hasal hai. Es kay zareay aadmi door daraz kay alaqay se mota’alaq ashkas ki ra’ay aur khiyalaat se aagha ho sakta hai. Internet par ezhar kay liay zeyadah’tar “word” hi estamal main aata hai. Ezhar ko vosat daina aaj ki ahum zarorat hai. Es se zehni balidgi paidah hoti hai. Arbi main ezhar kay liay Roman

53 rasam-ul-khat ko puri shidat se esmal main lana paray ga warnah aaj ki door main shamil hona mokin nahain rahay ga. Arbi ki ba’qaedah 30 aur alamti 12 se zeyadah aawazain hain.Essi tara bay’shamar marakab aawazain hain jin ki madad se hasab-e-zarorat gher Arbi alfaz aur estalahaat ko juzv-e-zoban banaya ja sakta hai ta’hum kuch aawazoon ka maslah zaroor paish aa’ay ga likin mashaq, reyazat aur tovajoh essay maslah nahain rehnay day gi. Agli satoor main ba’qaedah aur alamati aawazain misaloon kay sath paish ki gae hain takah moamlay ko ba’khobi samjha ja sakay aur ahal-e-zoban es hisas moamlay ki taraf tovajo kar sakain. Alif: I- Insan, Ibrahim, Israfeel, Israeel, Ishaq a- Akhraja, Amrohoo, Amsek O- Onzila, Olaeka, Omirna, Onsin Bay: Basit, Bashir, Baseer/Basir, Khabeer/khabir, Arbaab Tay: Tabay, Kitab, Taveel, Zulzilat, Taqdeer/taqdir Say Asqala, tasu, waris, Tasu, Modasar, Tase Jeim: Akhraja, Zojah, Najoom, Jahra, Zojain Hay: subhan, Hamira, Hasaab, Rahman, Rahim/Raheem Khay: Khata, Akhraja, Khafiz, Khabeer/khabir Daal: Mardood, Qadir, Aadam, Yakhdaoon Zaal: Zalika, Azanihim, Aza, Azaab Ray: Rafa, Sadraka, Darjah, Qadir, zarab Zay: Raziq, Zojah, Zulzilat, Razaqnahom Seen: Sawa’on, Na’as, Subhan, Sajdah, Sajided, Hasanat Sheen: Yashoroon, Shakoor, Shaheed, , Rashid/Rasheed, Sawad: Sadiq, Mustafa, Salaat, Sadqah, Sabir, sabr Dawad: Arz, Maghdoob, Zarab, Zaef, Murtaza, Zarab, doaleen Toay; Shaitan, Batin, Muti, Natiq, Talay, Tahir, Tareqah Zoay: Zulmun, Azeem, Zaheer, Zahir, Mazloom Aein: Abad, Alina, Dua, Azaab, Aqlan, Azimun Ghain: Ghafirli, Ghafar, Ghafoor, Ghani, Ghazab, Gharqah Fay: Fatwa, Sharifa, Fartun, Fortoot, Farman, Faislah Kaaf: Kotobaihi, Kabir/kabeer, Malaek, Kitab, Barkat Laam: Lisan, Rasool, Awal, Alim, Khaleel, Malik Meem: Mohammad, Hamid, Murtaza, Mustafa, Munzil, Amin Noon: Madni, Madinah, Munir/Muneer, Manzoor, Munsoor, Natiq Wao: Ghafoor, Warsah, Wadah, Wajah, Maghdoob, Qalobihim, Walahom Hamza: Aa, Yomaezin, Olaeka Yay: Yomaezin, Rahim, Monadiya, Yoom, Yarjaoon ALAMITI AAWAZIN Zabar:

Raza, Daryaft, Sabab, Haqooq, Sakoon, Salook Pakiza/bakiza Mohabat, Shafqat, Tashna, Indar

Zair:

Birya, Iblees/Eblis, Etafaq, Etimam, Tamkinat, Jirm, Tamkeen Jirga, Parindah/barindah, Pita/bita, Bisni

54 Application, Edtorial, edition, Parliment/Barliment, Chief/jeif/sheif/seif Paish:

Shad;

Ulta Paish: Doo Zabar:

Doo zair: Doo Ulta Paish: Mad: Jazam: Khari Zabar; Kari Zair:

Oswa, Boland, Boad, porsh, Purshesh/ Burshesh, Pushtani/bushtani, Jubbah, tanafus, Ofqi, Oftadah, Omang, shaghuftah, Jagali/jakali, Jumanah, Hamiat Book, Booking, Bukrum, Booth Allah, Abba, Himmat, Ommed, Jurrat, Jannat, Jussah, Jubba, Hossad, Khassi, Farrukh, Far’rar Possible, matter, batter, additional, passive, Class, Glass, Killer, Apply Asqalahoo, Kalimatahoo, Hamirahoo, Subhanahoo, Akhrajahoo, Amrohoo Rasolohoo, Akhbarahoo, Nahno lahoo, Esmohoo, Haqhoo Andazan, Shakaetan, Taqreban, Fitran, omoman, Moqablatan, Jabran, Adtan Karahan Ravaetan, aanan fanan, Nisbatan, Nafsan, toan, Nafsan, Samajan Kalimatin, Samawatin, Yomaezin, Nosokin, Fazlin, Nafsin, Adin, Nasirin Badamin, Fakihatin, Qadirin, Shanin Sommon bokmon omyon, Qamaron, Qadron, Shajron, Basiton, Okhoon, Ghshavaton, Shiqaqon, Marazon Aasar, Aakhar, Adam, aazar, aarzo, aab, Aatesh, Aaram, Aazad, asrah Autoghraph, automatic, Audit, auditor, Auditorium Abjad, Abna, Aablah, ab, Abtari Under, University, Put, But, Cause Kalmatin, aazanihim, Kariboo, samawat, subhanaka Badihi, Sarzaqanihi, Waqilihi, Ibrahima, anafihim, Mashaba

Adgham bilghona: Dumba, Ambar, Aayatimbainat, amma (unmin), Mimbaina (Min Baina)

55

ARBI KAY BAR-E-SAGHER KI ZOBANOON PAR LISANI ASRAAT Arboon ka bar-e-sagher se sadyoon ka nahain, hazaroon saal ka reshta hai. Arab bar-esagher ki mukhtalif valatoon main mukhtalif hawaloon se aatay jatay rahay hain. Sowahil oon ki tovajo ka khasusi markaz rahay hain aur es kay asar kisi na’kisi hawala se aaj bhi mojood hain. Arboon ki aamad se oon kay omomi-o-khsusi rujhanaat, rovaeay, adbi-omasharti saliqay, tajarti atwaar, tamadni-o-saqafti andaz-o-aqdaar waghera shaori aur la’shaori toor par daramad howay. En omoor kay zeer-e-asar Arbi zoban ka bar-e-sagher ki zobanoon aur raej bolioon ko matasar karma qate hairat ki baat nahain. Marozaat-ebala ki tasdeeq-o-taeed kay zeman main Hindustani shiar-o-adab, dastanoon aur mazhabi kutab i.e. Ramaen, Bhagvat Gita waghera ko malahzt kiya jana chahiay. Yah amar bhi bahar’toor malhoz-o-khatar rehna chahiay kah Arab, Iran aur Turki ko bhi matasar kartay rahay hain. Ahal-e-faras aur Turkoon ka bhi bar-e-sagher main aana jana raha hai. Bilwasta alfaz ki daramad ka silsala apni jaga mojood raha. Arboon ki bar-e-sagher ki yatra doo hawaloon say khasusan samnay aati hai: 1Islam se pehlay ba’toor tajar waghera 2- a- Islam kay baad ba’toor mobalagh, fatay aur seyasi matoob 3waghera b- Musalman sufi bhi bar-e-sagher kay mukhtalif alaqoon main warad hotay rahay Talu-e-Islam kay baad Arab waghera ba’toor musalman (khasusan) aa’ay’ Es tara Arbi tehzeeb kay elava Islami tehzeeb nay bhi apna rang dekhaya. Bar-e-sagheer ki zobanoonb main mukhsus Islami estalahaat dakhal hein. Agar en zoban ka lisani motalia karma ho to

56 en omoor ko nazar main rakhna paray ga. Es na’cheez thereer main kuch Pakistani zobanoon ko paish kiya giya hai.

URDU 1-Urdu main Arbi kay hazaroon alfaz apni asal ashakal, asal mafaheem aur daisi mafaheem kay sath mostamal chalay aatay hain. Yahaan misalain paish karma mazmoon ko gher zarori tavalat dainay kay mutradaf ho ga. 2-Arbi alfaz ko asal ashkal kay sath qabool kiya giya hai likin oon kay mafaheem yaksar tabdeel kar diay gay hain. Maslan akhbar, baqaya, hareef, khat, khasam, khalifa, radeef, raqam, roza, raqeeb, sharaab, jaloos, ghareeb, aziz, salvat, fitna, qaiyamat waghera 3-Bohat se Arbi alfaz kay talafaz main tabdeli aa gae hai likin mafaheem kisi haad tak qaem rahay hain. Maslan eqraar se aqraar, aqsam se eqsam, efrat se afrat, elzam se alzam, efada se afada, boraq se baraq, ezafat se azafat, tanazur se tanazar, jizya se jazya, jima se jama 4-Ain ki aawaz omoman bool chal main nahain aati. Maslan maloom malom/malom, ta’alaq se talaq, sama’at se samat, maasoom se masoom waghera. Yah surat zeyada’tar Punjabi alaqa main pae jati hai. 5-Ba’az daisi alfaz main Arbi aawazain dakhal ho gae hain jis kay sabab alfaz Arbi mehsus hotay hain likin oon kay mafaheem Arbi nahain hain. Maslan ahwaal, oqaat, asami, hoor waghera wahad bolay jatay hain 6-Bohat sari Arbi estalahaat Urdu main dakhal ho gae hain. Maslan aayat, ahraam, ajal, eman, amam, ameer, tasbeh, jubba, janaza, jarah, jehaad, hujra, haj, hadees, jannat, hamd, deen, dafn, klafn, rabae, joraab, sajda, shaheed, dozakh, ghusal, qaba, khumas, mukhamas, wazo waghera 7- Arbi talmihaat nay Urdu zoban ko hosn aur sarvat bakhshi hai. Chand eak masalain malahza hoon: Aatash-e-Namrood (Nar-e-Namrood), Ejaz-e-Masiha, hatam, Chah-e-Yusaf, dam-e-Esa, Shajar-e-Mamnoa,Hosan-e-Yusaf, taer-e-Sedra, Lehhan-eDaodi, Aadam, jalva-e-Toor, Sabar-e-Ayoob, Tofan-e-Noh, Gulistan-e-Khaleel, yade-baiza, Yaqoob bani esraeel waghera 9- Bohat sari zarab-ul-imsal Arbi alfaz se tarkeeb pae hain. Maslan *wali kay ghar shitan *Zaar ka Rehman batan ka shitan *Jal to jalal to *jis ki fikr os ka zikr *jis ki surat achi nahain os ki surat kiya daikhni *Jis ki joroo endar os ka moqadar sikandar *Jo qareeb woh zeyada raqeeb *hatam ki qabr par laat marna 10-Taqya-e-kalaam main bhi Arbi alfaz mojood rehtay hain. Maslan Bismilla, Ensha’Allah, Subhanallah, Alhamdolillah, Allah hafaz, Khair to hai, kher ho, apna khayaal rakheay (take care), toba kar, toba karain, aafat hai, fitna hai, Allah baili, Allah bakhshay, Bismilla karain, Allah karay, zaroor, zarori nahjain, kher se, khizar milay, jis qadar, zara sa/se, barkat hai, eman ki, tajveez bana, bismillah

57 ka sawaab ponchay, hasha wa kalla waghera, 11-Bayshamar Arbi alfaz ki Urdu tareqa se jamein bana li gae hai. Maslan Horoon, faqeroon, wakiloon, naqaloon, kitaboon, taqderoon, safoon, zarortoon, hadoon, haltoon, hujroon, fitnoon, mazhaboon maskinoon waghera Horain, kitabain, jorabain, haltain, hadain, taqderain, safein, salvatain Hujray, hadsay, safhay, fitnay waghera 12-Un’gint Urdu mahavray Arbi alfaz se tyarkeeb pa’ay hain. maslan khabr aana, khabr hona, khat aana, khat bigarna, khayaal bandhna, khayaal karna, haz othana, haq ada karma, haqeqat khulna, khairbad kehna, khair manana, hesaab banana, hesaab daina, hesaab rakhna, salvatain sonana, haram khana, haram moot marna, haram ho jana, dua daina, dua othna, dua karma, dawa othna, haad bandhna, haad se bharna, haad jari karna, dafan karna, damagh chatna, zikar karma, zikar hona, zikar aana, hajamat hona, hajamat banana, zaat se girna, zakhera hona, hijaab aana, hijaab othna, raqam karna, raqam katna, shak karna, shak parna, shak jana, haal aana waghersa 13-Mukhtalif tara kay un’gint marakbaat Urdu main mustamil ho ga hain: Mal pani, sulah safae, saaf suthra, saaf baat, maal gari, mala maal, zaat Vanti, sad-e-rah, zaat paat, banda basher, zaat raat, hasal jama, tan badan, jama kharach, maal maro, mola bakhsh, tana mehna, Allah pak, Quran pak, Hadees pak Eman choor, subh dam, subh sovairay,char asbaab, char anasar, joot jama, joor jama, baad azaan waghera Jan-e-alam, azab-e-jan, ayam-e-baharaan, aab-e-hayat, aab-e-rahmat, aab-e-zamzam, aab-e-kosar, shab-e-zulmat, vazay-e-ehtyat, andaz-e-ataab, shoor-e-qaiyamat, sadqa-e-jareya, banda-e-khoda, jalwa-e-gul, tahaiya-e-tofan, jazba-edil, hangama-e-mehfil fatah-o-nusrat, fatah-o-shakast, qaza-o-qadar, ez-o-jah, hosn-o-qabeh deen aur dunyain, arbi aur ajmi, ameer aur ghareeb pehlay ameer pher ghareeb, pehlay sahib pher malazam, pehlay dwa pher shefa, pehlay naiat pher namaz, pehlay salam pher parnaam, pehlay wazo pher namaz, pehlay daam pher kaam ameer ho kah ghreeb, apna ho kah gher, deen ho kah dunyan, dil ho kah damagh, angraiz ho kah arbi filfor, filasar, filvaqay, filasal dar-ul-aman, banat-ul-nash, daem-ul-habs, noor-ul-eain, qurat-ul-ein, nar-ul-hataab, rooh-ul-qodas jan ka sadqa, mal ka sadqa, chandi ka waraq, aafat ka tukra, aafat ka parkala, shah ka mosaheb raqabat ki aag, shaihad ki churi, shitan ki aant, ji ki aafat, char ki marzi jan se aziz, khayaal se bahar, gherat se ari, shar se bahar 14-Sabqoon Lahqoon se tarkeeb panay walay kuch alfaz ba’toor namona malahza hoon: ahal-e-deen, ahal-e-dunyan, ahal-e-sedq, ahl-e-Islam, ahal-e-eman, ahal-e-taqva baad’akhlaq, baad’tameez, baad’amal, baad’naiat bai’khabr, bai’hal’ bai’eman’ bai’basar, bai’taalq, bai’hesaab, bai’dakhal bai’khoof, ta’haal, taba’maqdoor, taba’hayat, ta’dair, ta’qaiyamat bila’khoof, bila’tasaraf, bila’shuba, bila’hesaab, bila’jawaz

58 hum’kalam, hum’sohbat, hum’asar, hum’nafs, hum’waqt na’haq, na’qadar, (bai’qadar bhi mustamal hai), na’jaez, na’monasab gher’hazar, gher’zarori, gher’zaat, gher’ensani, gher’shara Allah’pak, Rasol’pak, Tajarba’gah, taleem’gah, jalsa’gah, jalwa’gah, janaz’gah, eid’gah Taseel’dar, taalqa’dar, mal’dar, hasal’dar, haq’dar, hesa’dar Haram’zada, sahib’zada, ameer’zada Hosn’khaiz, larza’khaiz, qaiyamat’khaiz Zarorat’mand, raza’mand, zafar’mand Karam’nawaz, ghareeb’nawaz, hosn’nawaz Haraf’aashna Hesaab’daan Haya’soz Hairat’nak, ghazab’nak, khof’nak Tadbeer’gar, aafat’gar, jalwa’gar Saf’basta Ataat’gozar, mal’gozar, khadmat’gozar 15-Bohat se alfaz Urdu kay lisani set up kay motabaq tarqeeb pa’ay hain. Maslan Mala mal, naseba, biddati, batakh/batkha, badla, ta’at, na’raaz, hind se hinda, hind se hindu, hind se hindastan, bar-e-sagher, hindvi, ahalyan, jurmana, baili, (sahaili se tarkeeb paya hai),Aagha mina, ata+pat (turki aur Urdu). 16-Essi tara masadar bhi takeeb pa’ay hain. Maslan badalna, badlana 17-Mardana aur zanana namoon main bai’shamar Arbi alfaz parnay sonnay ko mil jatay hain. Maslan Ahmad deen, Fazal deen, Maqsood Ali, Rasheed Ahmad, Salamat Ali, Noor Mohammad, Barkat Ali, Shahadat Ali, Umar Deen, Amjad Ali, Mahboob Hussain, Akram Khan, Karam Haidri Raiza Bano, Zikra Abbas, Nusrat Shagufta, Maqsoom Akhtar, Afzaal Baigam, Maqbool Baigam, Hamida Baigam, Jannat Bibi, Sahib Jan, Ramzana Bibi, Irha Syed, Umar Khair, Saeeda Pavaiz, Sadia Habeeb, Bushra Naheed, 18-Urdu ki eak ebarat malahza farmaein jis se Urdu par Arbi kay lisani asraat ka ba’khobi andaza ho ja’ay ga: “Ghareboon kay sath aap ka bartao aisa hota kah oon ko apni gharebi mehsus na hoti. Oon ki madad farmatay aur oon ki dil’joe kartay. Aksar dua mangtay thay kah Khoda’wand mujhy maskeen zindah rakh, maskeen otha aur maskinoon kay sath hasher kar. Aap mazlomoon ki faryad sontay aur ensaf kay sath haq dalatay.”

BARAHVI 1. Bohat se Arbi alfaz apni asal oway hain. Maslan Awal, hal, aakhar, enkar, lutaf, dashkal aur kisi haad tak asli mafaheem kay sath Barahvi zoban main dakhal heen, mazhab, eqrar, khabar, dunyain, hisaab, wazo, hosn, fikr, marz, ghazab, azab, khas, khalaq, gham, talab, kitab, ilm, jannat, qeyamat, taqdeer, saraf, aqal, shan, qoom, fana, nasara, kul, shiar, sadqa, kafar, ensan, shareat, maloob, maqsood, rasool, maal, shukar, zakat waghera

59 2- kuch alfaz mafaheem ki tabdeli kay sath es zoban ka hesa ban gay hain. Maslan ghreeb, qadar, oqaat, nafa, ash, tareqat, hosla, qadr, majlas, kismet, kitab (Qran-e-Majeed) ghazi, hoor, sharaab, hesaab, qaidi, khajal, taqat, ahwal, khat, tofan, sawab, haqeer, sabaq, marz, ensan 3.Tabdili-e-haiat kay sath Arbi alfaz es zoban maio dakhal howay hain. Maslan hawalak (etla milna, ahwal se), ghamak, sadkha (Sadqa), phakeer, nalat (lanat) sowab, kharobo, 4. Arbi khasusan Islami estalahaat ne Barahvi main apni jagha banae hai. Maslan deen, mazhab, tabeeb, salam alaek, azab, wazo, hasher, shareek, janaza, nafa, moman, haya, eman, qayamat, mohabat, hob, eshq, adalat, mareez, Toaam, mulk, mahboob, ashq, kafar, sherak, shiar, jannat 5. Sabqay joor kar alfaz bana liay gay hain. Maslan shar’surat (hoseen), la’jawab, bai’hisaab, bai’hajat, bar’waqt’ neem’mula, ba’safa 6. Daisi tareqa se jamain banae li gae hain. Horain, molkan (milak ki jama), shareataan, lamhaat, raqeban, raqebatan 7. Mukhtalif noeat kay marakbaat parnay ko miltay hain. maslan khush’khabar, kush’hal khushhal-e-halat’ ghareeb-e-seyal’ chawah sawab, khoda-aa-Mustafa, khar-o-khrab, pak-o-sharab, bhang-o-sharab, soob-o-biga, khar-okhrabo, khas-o-aam, alam-e-fana, rasam-e-kohan, mahboob-e-jani kharan laila, Allah pak, Nabi pak, hoasan na ajeeb, dunyan dolat, khabar, kitab’khaan, ghareeb khwaray, ahal ayal 8. Zobanoon main aawazoon ka tabadal aam se baat hai. Maslan Malakhmoot (malkalmoot) 9. Kuch jumlay awanmi bool chal ka hisa hain jo manvi aur sori hosan mai la’jawab hain. Maslan Na eqrar kisah na enkar kisah Maza zindgi da bandgi aee Na khushi tah kami nag ham tah hisab ay Ghreeb ay siyal of Char aee yar rasool 10.Shadi baiah kay gitoon, nohoon, marsehoon margh kay bainoon Arbi alfaz se khali nahain hain. Essi tara majlasi zindgi ki bool chal main Arbi alfaz asal, behroop ya moqami sabqoon lahqoon kay sath shamal rehtay hain. 12- Barahvi zarab-ul-emsal bhi Arbi se tahi nahain hain: Khali aa tofak un ara bandagh khalira Vail badshah tikan ay ghareeb aa Barwakht vail ay Thekri ay sardar ay kases shaik kunah ay oo kul na’ay kul kun ay 13- Bohat sari Arbi talmihaat barahvi shaeri mian estamal hoti hai. Kush Arbi alfaz jama likin Barahvi main wahad estamal hotay hain. Maslan Ahwal, oqaat, hoor waghera 15- Zanana-o-mardana naam bhi Arbi alfaz se khli nahain hain. Maslan Malak dad, Mohammad Fazal, Abdul Hae, Mohammad sadique, Mohammad Sadiq, Roshan deen, Faiaz Mohammad, Morad Ali, Faqeer Mohammad, Basir Ahmad, Khoda-e-Rahmat waghera 16- Barahvi lata’ef aur pahailioon main ba’kasrat Arbi alfaz apni asal shakal aur tabdeel’shuda ashkal kay sath miltay hain.

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BALOCHI 1- Bohat se Arbi alfaz apni asal ashkal kay sath Balochi zoban kay zakhira-e-alfaz main dakhal ho gay hain. Maslan Badal, jism, kharab, khair, hal, sawal, salah, saaf, sabr, qessa, tabiat, mazaq, kitab, khatar, darja, umar, safr, meharbani, yaqeen, mobarak, wasta, salamat, khedmat, akas, hisab, tameez, saboon, samaan, faislah, khayaal, fikr, moaf, khabr, eid, gham, murgh, takleef 2- Bohat se alfaz tabdeli-e-ashkal kay sath Balochi zoban ka hessa ban gay hain. Maslan Wakht (waqat), omeet (omeed), nazoor (mazoor), maloom (malomaat, maaloom) waghera 3- Boht se alfaz sabqoon aur lahqoon kay hawala se Balochi tehreer-o-taqreer main shamal ho gay hain. Maslan 4- pa’yaqeen, (yaqenan), bar’wakht, chy’wakht (kab), kam’wakht, kam’umar, maloom’dar (malomaat hasal karnay wala), pur’omeet, neem’jisma, khezmat’gar, minnat’war (shukarreya), baad’tameez, gham’geen’ bai’adbi 5- Tabdeli-e-mafaheem kay sath bhi bohat saray alfaz balochi zoban main dakhal ho gay hain. Maslam janeen (orat), badal (tabadal), hal (etla), khabar (baat), khayaal (hoshyar), samaan (mal-o-asbaab), johalla (nichay), ashar (shutar), qoom (qabila) 6- Bohat saray marakbaat Arbi alfaz se takeeb patay hain. Maslan Jan salamti, gat kharaab (gala kharaab), ashar muragh (shutar muragh), zar-ehawala (draft), kharaab gari, talaaq gaptageen, sar darad (darad-e-sar), kul hesaab, mobarak baat Eid-e-nook (eid ka chand), warg-e-khatar (rehnay kay liay), muzbaba’kar (bawarchi khanay ki zarorat), wakht aa sar (waqt par), khayaal aa baray (sambhal kar), darad aa takleef (darad ki takleef), jan salamti-e-sanad (heath certificate) saman-e-karaya (saman ka karaya) waghera 7- Omomi bool chal main bhi Arbi alfaz dakhal howay hain. Maslan Chay wasta (kis liay), hal badaay (bura hal), tae shukarreya, neharbani bakunb, mini samaan, safar pa khair 8- Arbi aurIslami talmihaat Balochi zoban ka hessa ban gae hain maslan muragh-esuleman

PUSHTO 1- Boht se Arbi alfaz apni assal ashakaal aur asli-o-daisi mafaheem ke sath Pushto zoban kay zakhira-e-alfaz main dakhal ho gay haim. Maslan emtihan, etraz, entazar, enkaar, barkat, zaat, lazeez, haj, alim, sheikh, ghulam, qasam, qabil, faqeer,fikar, ghalt, sa’at, mal, gharoor, zikar, mal, salah, zarb, zamanat, talaaq, ghussa, adi, fata, yaqeen, ellat, adat, halal, zaman, jaieb, noor, qesmat, tama, harkat, sadqa, nafa, hukam, dunya qarz, haram, kafan, oqbq, shan, ghazi, gham, sabr, azmat, zulm, lihaz,

61 qadr, surat, esharah, ghalt, naseat, ghanimat, haq, shar, razi, qazi, baqi, qaem, bala waghera 2- Bohat se Arbi alfaz tabdili-e-ashkal kay sath Pushto zoban main shamil ho gay hain. Maslan wakht (waqt), safa (saaf), wasa (wasila), batay (baat), kalmia (kalmah), badoo (dadi), sah (sans), dalalay (madah), khabra (hal, khabr), khob zayaat (ziyada), sahiba (sahib) (dalal), na’raza (naraz), madhay, khezmat, 3- Aksar Arbi alfaz tabdili-e-mafaheem kay sath Pushto zoban ka hessa bun gay hain. Maslan khabra (baat), khali (hafta), shoro (budh), qayamat (nayaab), khair (khalqat), aakheer (aakhar), hajat (zarorat), raseed (ponchna), saba(kal sub), khairaat, bhaikh) mulk (khait), (assal), khalaq, 4- Arbi lafzoon ki jama bananay kay liay bhi daisi atwar ekhtayar kiay jatay hain. Maslan ghazi (ghaziyaan), kitabona (kitabain), kamona (qamain) 5- Lafzoon ki buntar main sabqay lahqay bhi ekhtayar kiay jatay hain. Maslan bai’wakht, bai’ezati, bar’wakht, maal’dar khoob’surat 6- Marakbaat bhi Pashto zoban main kami nahain. Maslan sahar mal (subh sowairay),sahat wakhti, khushhala (kush hal), zayaat barkat, zayaat ghareeb, Islami mamlakat, khush khabray, Allah pak, daam da jaal, zahar surat, jaieb ke ghari waghera 6- Bohat sari Arbi talmihaat nay Pushto shaeri ko jala bakhshi hai. 7- Bohat saray zanana-o-mardana naam Arbi alfaz se tarkeeb pa’ay/patay hain. 8- Bohat saray Pushto mohavray Arbi alfaz se tashkeel patay/pa’ay hain. Maslan Ghairat shata’kol, moqa dna’watal, pa naiat yo hidal, khabra spinol, qasam khoral (khurdan/khana), taba vistal, pa khabra rasidal, ezat warko, gham ghaltol 9- Pashto zarb-ul-emsal main bhi Arbi alfaz ba’kasrat nazar aatay hain. Maslan qagha-e-halal dai kho rang ay da mardar day chay pa tama daso roshi Chay aqal-e-kam vet al ay pah khona gham de Harkat kunbay barkat de Khapal amal dah ray mal Tool umar kumbay mayo Salam vachova Chay sar hayat ve topae dhairay Marag na khalasay nishta Pa khoda’ay meharban notool jahan meharba Saqa rah bala Banda da banda shitan dai banda da banda Rehman dai 2- Bohat saray Arbi alfaz apni asal ashkaal kay sath daise mafaheem main mustamal chalay aatay hain. Maslan amin, ghareeb, makan, waqeya, ras, sami (assami), rasam, qul, qalam, fikar (andaisha), misal (tasveer), hoor, qasoor, badal, talab, ekhtalaf, shara sunat (khatna) waghera

PUNJABI

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Arbi kay hazaroon alfaz Punjabi zoban main apni asal ashkal, asal aur daisi mafaheem main warad ho gay hain. Maslan Hamd, na’at, naymat (naymat se niyamat), rahmat, hukam (hukm), rab, jin, malaek, zahar, batan, aeb, qudrat, sukar (shukr), malik, khaliq, surat, qehar (qehr), qalam, kitab, hesaab, noor, arsh, ommat, rasool, makan, hakam, olaad, Aal 2-Bohat se alfaz maenoon ki tabdeli kay sath warad howay hain. Maslan Abtar, aafat, khasam, majlas, sharaab, khat, fitna, tofeeq ba’maeni rasae, ghareeb, Deen’dar dar kay lahqay kay hawalah se no’muslim kay maenoon main mustamal hai, Asami, ahwal, hoor, baqaya, aafaat, akhbar, waghera Punjabi main wahad estamal hotay hain 3-Bohat se alfaz Punjabi lehjay aur talafaz kay sath estamal main aatay hain. Hajar (hazar), ejat (ezzat), khizmat (khidmat), baizzat (bay’ezzat), roja (Roza), niyamat (naymat), sandokh (sandooq), fasaat (fasaad) bsharma 4-Aawazain kam ki gae hain. Maslan Sae (Sahi), bsabra (baysabra), bqola (bayqola), bsharam (baysharam) Aawazoon ka tabadal aam se baat hai. Maslan Maseet (masjad), lajat (lazzat), qarja (qarza), quzrat (qudrat), aamirat (amirat) waghera 1- Muradaf aur mutbadal alfaz bhi aam estamal main aatay hain. Maslan Lakh (moqadar), nark/ narak/nakh (dozakh), hath da dita (sadqa) 2- Maeni taqreban wohi rahay hain likin ashkaal main tabdeli aae hai. Maslan Aakhela (aakhri), aakhirvaan, aakhila waghera 3- Alfaz gharay gay hain. Masla Qazae, qarzae, fotetgi, qesmati, safan safa, mehnatana waghera 4- Masadar takhleeq howay hain. Maslan Dadlana,ghusalana, qabzana, qabolan waghera 5- Moanas Punjabi sabhao kay tehat takhleeq kiay gay hain. Maslan Sabni, ghulamni, fitni, qasaen, aaftan (kaftain bhi mostamal hai), zedan, ansafan, ghaflan, ghafli (donoon, moanas aur mozakar kay liay mostamal hai), qarzan/qarjan, faraiban, zalman, qabolan, qaidan, azaban/ajaban, fasadan, qasoran waghera 6- Jama bananay kay liay bhi Punjabi atwar ekhtayar kiay jatay hain. Maslan Harfaan, amaan, khasaan, amlaan, salamaan, arzaan, lafzaan, mazoraan, akhbaraan, maghroraan waghera Hakimoon, akhbaroon, quzratoon/qudratoon waghera Duaein, arzaein, qazaein, hoorain waghera Khatawaan, duawaan, atawaan, qararaan Khateyaan, safaeyaan waghera 7- Bay’shamar Arbi estalahaat Punjabi main raej hain. Maslan Jalaab (joraab), moja (moza), haram, halal, haj, kabah, wajo/wazo, towaaf, sajdah, kitab (morad Quran), ghusal, qabar (qabr), ebadat, baqreed (baqra Eid), jumah, sadqah, khair kharaet, masjad/maseet, fatwa, fatehah, ghons/ghos, nabi, rasool, qiblah waghera 8- Bohat sari Arbi talmihaat Punjabi main raej chali aati hain. Maslan

63 Mah kanani, aadam, Hawa, koh toor, Yusaf, Mosa, Esa, Zakreya, Yahiya, Suleman, khizar, yad-e-baiza Faraon, namrood waghera Aadam kankoon mana karaya Esa bin baap jamya Esmaeel noon ziba karaeyo Sabar day tun kiray chalaeyo Yusaf kho poaeyo 9- Punjabi asloob kay hawalah se Arbi ka estamal milta hai. Maslan Akhbaroon (akhbar se), taqseroon (taqseer se), gheboon (ghaeb se), azaboon (azab se), hazoroon (janab, aap, hazoor waghera se) 10- Sabqoon aur lahqoon ki madad se alfaz bananay ka Punjabi zoban main aam ravaj hai. Maslan Ahal walaet (Ahal-e-walaet), zoma’war, qadar’shanas, gher’shara, bay’hesaba, Bay’qadra, bay’shukra (na’shukra bhi mostamal hai), bay’surta, bay’mehnat, bay’mehnata, bsurta, bay’olada, pur’taqseer, zarorat’wan, zarorat’wand, gharaz’wand, fitnadoz, ghareeb’nawaz, deen’dar, 11-Khoob’surat marakbaat Punjabi main pharnay sonnay ko miltay hain. Maslan Peer faqeer, abd khodae, saaf safae, saaf suthra, eshq kamal, wehum khayaal, wehum goman, sabaq namaj, zeda zedi, Allah bhaway, makan munawar, khoof raqeeb, zohad kitab, sawal jawab, shara shareat, oot Mohammad, haj namaj, hosan bazaar, ajiz maskeen, khair khareat, akhbar hakaet, hal haqeqat, hal ahwal, hal chaal, fikar andaishah, hob mohabat, sadqay sajday, wah wa khaliq/khaliqa/rabba, peer moreed, naqad-o-naqdi, pakka yaqeen, sohni surat, taiz taba, saaf zoban, pak hukam kae haji, hika surat, her surat, asal haqeqat, aakhar noon dunyan da etbar, rahmat da mehn, ilm da fazal, Aadan da rukh, qudrat da waali, khedmat da ant, qudrat de shiri kujh khasi kujh aami, khar na kae, sulah na mun surat tay khseat, moqadam tay patwari, peer tay moreed mehnat vich dhehan, rahmat vich saman, haraf vich sofaidi 12-Zarab-ul-emsal main Arbi alfaz ka estamal bara aam hai. Maslan Taqdeer day agay tadbeer ve naein chalde Moot noon dhoya zahmat qabool kiti Nalay haj nalay vanj Jae rooh tahay fareshtay Nani khasam kita dotray noon chati Miaan bivi razi ki karay ga qazi Tandrusti hazar niyama (niamat) hai Qarz qayamat bukh niyamat 13- Bay’shamar Arbi alfaz kay sath Punjabi masadar jur kar mohavray tarkeeb pa’ay hain. Maslan

64 Allah bhawan/bhavna, saday jana/jan, razi rehna, kaam hon/hona, Ghulam hon, surat vaikhan/vaikhna, lutaf karan/karma, surat likhan/ likhna, esharat hon/karan, aakhair vakhan, qovat lavan/lavna, bismillah karna/karan, qabool karan/karma, qaseday pharan/phana, himat karan/karma, matbal niklan/nikalna (matlab nikalna) 14-Arbi alfaz takya-e-kalam main bhi nazar aatay hain. Maslan Bismillah ji, Shukar Alhamdollah, masha Allah, subhanalla, in sha Allah, Allah Karim, Allah ta’ala, Allah tobah, tiara koe deen eman ve ay, apnay eman nal kavein, Allah rakhay, Allah bakhshay, Allah Bhanay, Bismillah da sawab bakhshan, rooh noon pandh na poway, Allah jhoot na balay, Allah da dita sub kujh ay, Allad da mal ay, Shukranay day nafal waghera 15-Es ebarat ko malahza karain Arbi alfaz kay estamal ka az’khud andaza ho ja’ay ga: “Ustad horan de gal son kay os noon aj hadoon vad ehsas hoya pae Rab day hukam ottay amal karkay ek qoom aazadi de naymat hasal kar sakde ay tay saday ghar day halaat qaivain naein badal sakday. Os noon pakka yaqeen se pae Rab da paigham.” 15-Bohat saray zanana aur mardan naam Arbi alfaz se motalaq hotay hain: Ahma (Ahmad Deen), Shida (Abdul Rashid), Gaman (Ghulam Mohammad), fata (fatay Mohammad/Ali), phaja (Fazal Deen), Nora (Noor Mohammad /Deen), Dulla (Abdullah), Soda (Sa’ood/Masood/Maqsood), phira (Faqeer Mohammad/Ali/Hussain), faqeriya (Faqeer Masih/Mohammad), Kamma (Karam Ali), phama (Ghulam Fatima), Noraan (Noor baigam), Rajjo (Raj Fatima/Bibi), Razia baigam, Shidaan (Rasheed Baigam), Hanifaan (hanif Bibi), Shajo (Shanaz Fatima), Jantay (Jannat Bibi), Karamtay (Karamat bibi), safo (Safora), Najo (Najiya), Shammo Shams Bibi) waghera

SARAEKI 1- Sainkaroon Arbi alfaz apni asal ashklal kay sath asal aur daisi mafaheem main Saraeki zoban main dakhal ho gay hain. Maslan Eslah, enkar, dua, sehat, saman, gham, azaab, sohbat, jahanam, taqdeer, zulm, haram, halal, zalim, mazloom, moot, naqsh, hal, haq, deen, eman, motmin, khabar, mosebat, sabar, talaq, mal, khair waghera 2- Tabdil-e-ashkaal kay sath Arbi alfaz Saraeki zoban ka hesa ho gay hain: Hawal (ahwal), khezmat (khadmat), wakht (waqt), badkh (bat se tarkeeb paya hai), jamat (jama’at) waghera 3- Jama bananay kay liay bhi daise atwar ekhtayar kiay jatay hain: amlaan, rasolaan, kitabaan, hisabaan, qabraan, lafzaan, ostadaan, salataan, manzalaan, naitaan, kafraan, faqeraan, safaeyaan, ostadiaan, shitaniyaan safay waghera 4-Zobanain alfaz gharnay ki bhi shoqeen hoti hain. Saraeki main bhi yah chalan mojood hai. Maslan Salama laiki, alaki (salam ka jawab),mastori, fitni, qabool se qabola, ghula,

65 safaya, ashitani, sharbat, kariman, rahiman, etbari, makri waghera 6- Sabqoon aur lahqoon se bhi Saraki alfaz tarkeeb patay rehtay hain. Maslan Fikar’wand, fikar’zan, gher’mulkh, paraya mulkh, kharab lok, nakanama ghalt aadmi, had’haram, faqeer ovas waghera 7- Mukhtalif qesam kay marakbaat bhi pharnay sonnay ko miltay hain. Maslan Had’haram, moot hayati, moot bhali, sikde taseer, kavash qabilay, hal hawal, fikar faraq, Allah baili (baili sahaili ka mutradaf hai/bigri hoe shakal hai), Yosaf sani, mushkal nal, faqar walaet, zulam machan, arab sharif, sahi salam, aqal day divay, eid da chan, lanat da tika, lanat de pand, gham de hasi, Allah Allah, manzar manzar, Allah baili, haiyati aala, okha marhala, Aih aadmi, aih manzar, bahoon zalam, rolis khali, sakay aadmi, her naqsh, soom salaat, aas ommeed, Essa de jowar, ghama de mari, til til de khabar, zamanay da khaliq, rasmaan day khalaf, roh koon hijar, polaan vich ghareeb, sabar tay shukar waghera 8- Ba’az misray baray khoob’saurat hain. Maslan Her surat vich toon Esq Fareed kae ghar galay Onde surat mun vich vasdi Haj hai oon mukhray da vakhan 9- Saraki kahavatoon main bhi Arbi alfaz mujood hain. Maslan Roti khavay shaker nal paisa bachavay maker nal 10- Saraeki jumloon main Arbi alfaz mojood hotay hain. Maslan Rab day khail niyaray hun Eshq anokhri pir Allah taein koon vadavay Khoda kein aas mand koon khali naein torainda Allah saein aap barkat pisi Allah tein koon taray Lafzaan ki mar daivan (mohavra bhi hai) 11- Moanns Arbi alfaz se pa gae hain. Maslan Qabool se qabolan, maker se makran, fitna se fitni, Rahim sr Rahiman, Karim se Kareman, ostadni, kafarni, kafran bhi boltay hain 12- Kuch jamein wahad estamal hoti hain. Maslan Aafat, talaqaan, sami (asami), hawal (ahwal), hoor, qasoor, oqaat waghera 13- Sakroon mohavray Arbi alfaz se tarkeeb pa’ay hain. Maslan Aakar pon, aakar tapawan, aameen karan, ostad pakran, Allah rasi karan, Allah Allah karan, oqaat tay aawan, salse karan, roh kharab thiwan, shar chavan, shala ta’ala karan, shitan aawan, talaq daiwan, lanat pichoon lagan, waqt tay pakran, khair hoon waghera 14- Bohat sari Arbi tamihaat Saraeki zoban kay zakhera-e-alfaz main dakhal ho gae hain. Maslan Adam, Hawa, khizar, Mosa, Esa, Yousaf, Toor, Namrood, Hatam, Faraoon, yazeed waghera 15- Ashkhas kay namoon main Arbi alfaz shamal ho gay hain. Maslan Mashooq Ali, Mahboob Hussain, Charagh Din, Khair Deen, Ahmad Deen, Rasheed Ahmad, Amjad Ali, Saeed abid, Shakar Ali, Karamat Bibi, Shela Rasool, Bushra

66 khanam, Nasra Parveen, Sahib Jan, Raiza Bano, Zakya, Aesha habeeb, Shahida khatoon, fazal bibi, Umar Khair amra, Karim Fatima, Karam bibi waghera 16- Baishamar Arbi/Islami estalahaat Saraeki zoban ka hessa ho gae hain. Maslan Qabar, kafan, dafan, zokat, haj, kabah, towaf, qiblah, rasool, nabi, masjid, wazo, Qoran, eman, deen, Islam, jarab, to’am, hulya, halwa, nak naqshah, naqsh, taveez waghera 17- Bohar se Islami estalahaat takya-e-qalaam ban gae hain. Maslan Bismillah karan, En sha Allah, Mashalla, Alhumdollah, Subhanllah,Allahoakbar waghera 18- Shaed hi koe aisi ebarat ya shair ho ga jis main Arbi alfaz mojood na ho. Chand Ashar ba’toor namona malahza hoon: Akh day manzar mok vainday hun chakar o rag rag nay lehnday hun (Mumtaz Dar) Naizay tay teer tofanag qehri naz nazar day (Khaja Ghulam Fareed) Noor khandavaan rataan andar akhaan koon mei vat vat balaan (Saleem Ahsan) Sat sik gher’khoda de sab shay wehum khayaal (Khaja Ghulam Fareed)

SINDHI 1- Un’gint Arbi alfaz Sindhi zoban-o-adab main kisi qesam ki ashkali aur manivi tabdili kay bagher dakhal ho gay hain. Maslan Eman, barkat, shukar, rooh, mal, naseeb, niat, qazi, qaem, shahid, malik, ahmaq, ashaq, dolat, zaat, salamat, ozar, milk, nishani, tama, hiras, khaab, mobarik, halal, haram, eid, elat, adat, zaroor, mulk, bala, faeda, khalaq, tabaq, moot waghera 2-Bohat se alfaz tabdili-e-ashkal kay sath sindhi adab aur awami bool chaal main dakhal ho gay hain. Maslan Saas (sans), khatmar (naqas), zaman (zamanat), mulo (mulan), kasae (sawad ki bajay seen kay sath), mamli (moamlah), faedo (faeda), kam (kaam), eidan (eid) waghera 3-Aksar Arbi alfaz tabdili-e-mafaheem kay sath dakhal howay hain. Maslan Sahib (Khoda) (taqdeer- Punjabi main bhi en mafaheem kay sath mostamal hai), , karam, faqeer, qayaam (qiyamat), lanat (mosebat, dukh, parishani), ghareeb, saraf (khreed’dar) waghera 4- Sabqoon lahqoon ki madad se bhi alfaz tarkeeb pa’ay hain. Maslan Kamzoor 5- Arbi lafzoon ki jamain daisi tareqa se bana li jati hain. Maslan Hooroon, eidoon 6- Arbi alfaz ki aamaizesh se khoob’surat morakabaat bana liay jatay hain. Maslan

67 Aqal-e-oman, elat wahe, adat na wahe, edan mobarak, kuto ba halal, zaat parkan, Ozar ghta, maza moqan, mazhar-e-sidaq-o-safa, omeed-o-yaas-o-hasrat, reshta-eulfat, qatra-e-shabnaum waghera 7- Bohat sari Arbi tamihaat sindhi shaeri ka hessa ban gae hain. 8-Bohat sari Arbi Islami estalahaat Sindhi shiar-o-adab main bila’takalaf estamal main aati rehti hain. Maslan anana-o-mardana namoon main Arbi alfaz warad ho gay hain

GOJRI 1- Sakroon Arbi alfaz apni asal ashkal, Arbi aur daisi mafaheem kay sath Gojri zoban main dakhal ho gay hain. Maslan ezzat, sehat, gham, qoom, maqsad, naimat, rahmat, naseeb, dua, dunyan, molak, enaam, qesmat, aqal, amal, faiz, manzal, haq, fitrat, qudrat, mukhlooq, rooh, basarat, baserat, shak, shaker, shukar waghera 2- Tabdel-e-ashkal kay sath bhi bohat saray alfaz Gojri zoban main dakhal howay hain. Maslan misro(misra), huleo(hulya), tareqo (tareqa), heso(hessa), qesso(qessa), nafo(nafa), Talimo(taleem), nuskho(nuskha), janazo(janazah), qatro(qatrah), tarya(tara), naro(nara) 3- Arbi estalahat Gojri zoban ka hessa bani hain. Maslan Eman, deen, mazhab, qabr, halal, haram, munsaf, adel, shitan, marz, mareez, qemat, rahmat, haqooq, haya, talaq, jahil, qeyamat, zulm, zalim, mazloom, asool, miras, moaljah, eshq, ashaq, mashooq, gham, yaqeen, millat, qoom, alim wagherah 4- Arbi alfaz se baray khoob’surat Gojri marakbaat tarkeeb pa’ay hain. Maslan Rahmat ko paikar, qudrat ko lashkaro, eshq ko darya, ashaq ko dil, ezzat ko thaan, Allah ko Farman, khalqat ko gham, zulm ko hath lamairo, ensaf ko hami, ilm ko sekhno, haq ka rah, dunyan ka halat, Sacho Eab, alim fazil, suthro entazam, haq haqooq, maqadmo’bazi, farman opar, bachyan ki Tarbiat, Khoda ki rahmat, Khoda ki qudrat, khabaan ki taveel, Ezzat tay iqbal, deen tay eman, maqsad tay maqsood Dastoor parano, qeyamat jano, ensan banoyo, samaan banayo, mal banayo, eshq nachaway, Kitab parhno, waqat gamao, rezq kamano, mahool bachano, zikar karno, toor tareqo, changi Tarya, sehat jawani, zulm kharabo, chango alim, teen talaq, manzal khoto, thoro ezzat, Changi halat, yo qool gher kay nal, khair kay nal, waqat kay nal 5- Bohat se alfaz gher’arbi mafaheem kay sath estamal main aatay rehtay hain. Maslan Qesma (maqsad), khair (bhaik), ghareeb (muflis, bai’zar, kangal), sharab(wine), majlis, jalos, qasoor (khata), oqaat, hikmat, shareek(shareqo) waghera 6- Arbi alfaz ki daisi tareqa se jamain bananay ka aam rovaj hai. Maslan

68 Khabaan, shitanaan, haltaan, qomaan, ensanaan, afataan, khamaan, amaan waghera 7- Wahad ko jama aur jama ko wahad estamal ka toor bhi milta hai. Maslan Oqat, ahwal, asami, hoor, kasoor waghera 8- Sabqoon lahqoon ki madad se bhi Gojri alfaz tarqeeb patay hain. Maslam Bai’tehqeeq, bai’noor, maqadmay bazi, ezzat’dar, zimi’dar, hesso’dar, la’chaar waghera 9- Sefti sabqay lahqay bhi ba’kasrat estamal main aatay hain. Maslan Chango alim,change tarhya, change halat, chango mesro, suthro entazam, khoob yaqeen, yo’qool, yo’tareqo, kul makhlooq, halal kamae, akhela Rab, pak nabi, choto bhai, bohat nafo, farshaan opar, thori mehnat, pak rasool, jalvo nairo, sacho khaliq waghera 10- Arbi talmihaat bhi Gojri shaeri ka hessa ban gae hain. Maslan Aadam, Hawa, Musa, Esa, Khizar, Maraj Shareef, shabraat, Soor Esrafeel, jabreel, shitan, arsh, Sardar lolak waghera 11- Bohat se Islami kalmay takya-e-kalam ban gay hain. Maslan Ji bismillah, bismillah karo, Alhamdolillah, Allah hafiz, Mashallah, Enshallah waghera 12- Dr. Sabir Aafaqi ki nazam “khud Etmadi” ka eak band malahza farmaein es se Arbi lafzoon kay estamal ka andaza ho ja’ay ga: Allah tairo nasir bandya o malik tay Qader bandya Rehiay daem shaker bandya shak na kariay Sabir bandya Jay toon os naan yaad kareay ko Rab sachay amdad kareay ko 13- Shadi khushi kay gitoon aur marag kay bain aur nohoon masin Arbi alfaz ka bila’takallaf Estamal hota rehta hai.

MIWATI 1- Miwati main bohat se Arbi alfaz apni assal ashkal, daisi estamal aur ba’daisi mafaheem main mostamal hain. Maslan mulak, aseel, maal, eid, mahal, sakhi waghera Tabdeli-e-ashkal kay sath un’gint Arbi alfaz miwati main dakhil ho gay hain. Maslan Munjal(manzal), Koom (qoom), khaphan (kafan), jakhman (zakhm), kismet(qesmat), majboran(majbori se), tablig (taligh), jalso(jalsah), kheso(qessa), ojaro(ojalah), okhat(oqat), halwo(halwa) waghera 2- Mivati main Arbi alfaz jur kar marakbaat tashkeel patay rehtasy hain. Maslan Baqar’eid, baqreed donoon tara se mostamal hai. Kismet ko maro, dunyan ko mal, yah asloob Gojri ka bhi hai. Sakhi marad ko sath, Gojri main bhi essi toor se boltay hain. Sangat aseel, khair-o-sar (shar) Mivati main aawazoon kay tabadal ki kae suratain hain aur yahhi ravaeya Arbi kay sath hai. Maslan

69 a. hy maqsura ki tabadal aawaz wao hai. Maslan jalso (jalsah), khiso (qessah), arso(arsah) b. Punjab kay mivatioon ki thisri aur chothi nasal “alaf” ki aawaz ko bhi wao main tabdeel kar daiti/rahi hai. Maslan ando(anda) c. Pari mivati main hay maqsura kay liay alaf ya alaf ki se aawaz nikaltay hain. Maslan jalsa/jalso, sadma’sadmo,waghera d. Zaal ki aawaz ka mivati jeem tabadal hai. Maslan Jomo(zima), jikar(zikar), jael(zaiel) wagherah e. Soad ki aawaz kay liay seen mostamal hai. Maslan sab/saeb saeb (Sahib) Khaso/khasa/kha’asa (khsah) Khalas/khalis Sadko/sadka Sadmo/sadma (sadmah) f- Zawaad kay liay jeen ki aawaz bool chal main aati hai. Maslan jaep/jaeph, oojo (wazo), jabta/jabita/japto/jaebta(zabta), japt/japti/jabat/jabti (zabt/zabti), jaeya/jaya jamun/ja’amun g- Zaal ki aawaz jeem main tabdeel ho jati hai. Maslan jakaat/ja’akaat (zakat), japran/ja’aphran(zafran) h- Sheen ki aawaz ki mutbadal aawaz seen hai. Maslan basher se baser, shahi se sahi, Shrab se sarab/sa’araab, sharbat se sarbat, shubah se suba/subo sareko/sareka/sarika/sariko i- Qaaf ki aawaz ko kaaf main tabdeel kar daitay hain. Maslan shooq se sook wagherah j- Khy ki aawaz kaaf main tabdeel ho jati hai. Maslan khalipha/khalipho/khaelipha/kha’alipho (khalifa) wagherah k- Fay ki aawaz phay main badal daitay hain. Maslan aphraat/aphar’at/aphraat, phitno/phitna(fitnah), pharman (farmaan), phursat(fursat), pharaj(faraz) l- Ghasi ki aawaz gaaf main tabdeel kar daitay haion. m- Qaaf ki aawaz ka tabadal khay bhi hai. Maslan khissop, khasbo(qesba), tuphan(tufan) n- To’ay ki mutbadal aawaz tay hai. Maslan tuphan(tufan), tarj (tarz) o- Mivati mohavroon main Arbi alfaz ka estamal hota rehta hai. Maslan khapun (kafun) pharan, daphan karan, pharaib dain, tuphan avan, kismet ajman,kismat jagan, phitno jagan, taliph pharman, honslo totan, sakal bigran p- Bohat se Arbi tamihaat mivati shaeri main raej ho gae hain q- Arbi estalahaat ki mivati main kami nahain. r- Mardana aur zanana namoon main Arbi alfaz dakhal ho gay hain. Maslan Mohammad Sariph, baser Ahmadf, Sadek khan, Deen bibi, jannat Bibi, Noor Boibi s- Bar-e-Sagheer ki dusri zobanoon ki tara mivati main “noon” ka hashvi

70 estama aam se baat hai. Maslan honslo wagherah