Gerundio E Infinitivo. Fce 2019.docx

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONS: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

FULL INFINITIVE Complete the sentences using the words given. Use two to five words

We use the full infinitive after some verbs: advise, afford, agree, appear, ask, plan, promise, refuse, beg, allow are some examples.

1. I think you should study harder for the test. ADVISE I _________________________________ harder for the test. 2. Marian often gets angry very easily. TENDS Marian ______________________________ angry very easily. 3. I don’t have money to go to the Bahamas. AFFORD I can’t ___________________________ to the Bahamas. 4. It seems that Jon has accepted the job offer. TO Jon seems _______________________________ the job offer. 5. I spent a year to write my final essay for university. TOOK It ____________________________ write my final essay for university.

With the syntax it + to be + adjective

6. Learning to drive is easy. TO It ______________________ to drive. 7. People often go on holiday abroad. COMMON It ______________________________ go on holiday abroad.

We can use the full infinitive after the words TOO and ENOUGH

8. These jeans are too small for me. ENOUGH These jeans _________________________________ for me. 9. The teenagers weren’t old enough to get into the club. TOO The teenagers _______________________________ into the club.

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONS: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 10. The instructions of the vacuum cleaner were so complicated that I couldn’t follow them. TOO The instructions of the vacuum cleaner were ____________________________ follow. 11. Marcos was driving too carelessly to avoid the accident. CAREFULLY Marcos was __________________________________________ avoid the accident. 12. Andres felt too ill to go to the gym. WELL Andres _______________________________ to go to the gym. Some verbs such as say, think, believe, expect, estimate, know, understand etc. could form the passive voice with a full infinitive structure: SUBJECT + PASSIVE VERB+ INFINITIVE

13. It is believed that Maider has moved to Bilbao. TO Maider ______________________________ to Bilbao. 14. People say that more tourists visit San Juan de Gaztelugatxe after its appearance in Games of Thrones. SAID More tourists ______________________________ San Juan de Gaztelugatxe after its appearance in Games of Thrones. 15. It is reported that the bank robbers had escaped before the police arrived. TO The bank robbers ____________________________ before the police arrived. 16. People think that he has written a book about Basque traditions. THOUGHT He __________________________________ a book about Basque traditions. 17. It is known that Nadal is one of the best tennis players in the world. TO Nadal ______________________________ one of the best tennis players in the world.

BARE INFINITIVE Complete the sentences using the words given. Use two to five words

We use the bare infinitive after modals

18. I’m sure Jon didn’t cheat in the exam. CHEATED Jon ____________________________________________ in the exam. 19. It would be a good idea to go on a diet before summer. SHOULD You _________________________ on a diet before summer.

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONS: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 20. It is forbidden to touch the paintings and statues in the Guggenheim museum. TOUCH You _________________________________________ the paintings and statues in the Guggenheim museum. 21. Perhaps the fog caused the accident in the motorway yesterday. HAVE The fog _____________________________________ in the motorway yesterday. 22. I’m sure he has cheated in the exam. MUST He _______________________________________ in the exam.

The verbs LET and MAKE are followed by the bare infinitive. But, watch out! In the passive voice, the verb make is followed by the full infinitive and the verb let is not used in the passive voice. Instead, we use the verb allow, which is followed by the full infinitive.

23. Our teacher wants us to work very hard. MAKES Our teacher ______________________________________________ very hard. 24. My parents don’t allow me to go out alone after midnight. LET My parents _________________________________ out alone after midnight. 25. They made me pay 200 euros for speeding. WAS I _____________________________________ 200 euros for speeding. 26. Jon’s mother made him apologize. WAS Jon ________________________________ mother. 27. My brother doesn’t mind if I use his car on Mondays. LETS My brother _____________________________ his car on Mondays We use the bare infinitive after the expression would rather (=would prefer) and had better (=should)

28. I would prefer to take a taxi rather than go by bus. RATHER I’d _________________________________ go by bus. 29. I prefer going out to staying at home. RATHER I’d _________________________________________ than stay at home. 30. My advice to you is to take a day off. BETTER You’d _____________________________ day off. 31. I’d rather have some tea than drink more coffee. TO I prefer ____________________________________ more coffee.

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONS: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 32. If I were you, I would study harder. BETTER You __________________________________ harder. 33. I would prefer to wait here rather than go upstairs. RATHER I’d ________________________________________ upstairs.

GERUND Complete the sentences using the words given. Use two to five words

We use the gerund as a noun, either as the subject of as the object of a verb.

34. During the rush hour, it takes me over an hour to get to work. GETTING During the rush hour, ______________________________ over an hour. 35. Doing sports is important to keep fit. TO It ____________________________________ to keep fit. We use the gerund after some verbs such as admit, avoid, mind, miss, deny, suggest, consider, fancy, enjoy, etc.

36. Could you turn down the radio? MIND Would you _________________________________________ down the radio? 37. I try not to drink sugary drinks. AVOID I ______________________________ sugary drinks. 38. Marisa said “Let’s go to the cinema” SUGGESTED Marisa _________________________________ to the cinema. 39. Roberto said, “yes, I stole the necklace” STEALING Roberto _______________________________________ the necklace. 40. Could you run through the details of the reception once more? MIND Would you ___________________________ the details of the reception once more? After prepositions

41. Iker didn’t manage to finish the race. SUCCEED Iker _____________________________________ the race.

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONS: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 42. It’s Marian’s duty to deal with students’ parents. RESPONSIBLE Marian __________________________________ with students’ parents. 43. Itziar hates it when people criticize her. OBJETS Itziar ____________________________________________ her. 44. Oier said , “I am so sorry I spoilt our trip” APOLOGISED Oier __________________________________________________ trip. 45. Shall we take the children to the Guggenheim museum on Sunday? ABOUT How _________________________ to the Guggenheim museum on Sunday? 46. She didn’t intend to hurt you. INTENTION She ________________________________ you. 47. I can’t wait to see him again next summer. FORWARD I’m ________________________________ him again next summer. 48. She finds it normal now to drive on the left. USED She has _______________________________________ on the left.

We use the gerund after expressions: can’t stand, can’t help, feel like, it’s no use, it’s not worth, there is no point (in), have difficulty (in), and so on.

49. The cyclist could hardly keep up with the others. HAD The cyclist _____________________________________________ up with the others. 50. I would rather not drive to Bilbao. FEEL I _____________________________________________ to Bilbao. 51. It won’t help if you shout at her like that. USE It _____________________________ at her like that. 52. In my opinion, worrying about the exams won’t do any good. POINT I don’t think _________________________________________ worrying about the exams.

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONS: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

KEY. 1. ADVISE YOU TO STUDY 2. TENDS TO GET 3. AFFORD TO GO 4. TO HAVE ACCEPTED 5. TOOK ME A YEAR TO 6. IS EASY TO LEARN 7. IS COMMON FOR PEOPLE TO 8. AREN’T BIG ENOUGH 9. WERE TOO YOUNG TO GET 10. TOO COMPLICATED FOR ME TO 11. NOT DRIVING CAREFULL ENOUGH TO 12. DID NOT FEEL WELL ENOUGH 13. IS BELIEVED TO HAVE MOVED 14. ARE SAID TO VISIT 15. ARE REPORTED TO HAVE ESCAPED 16. IS THOUGHT TO HAVE WRITTEN 17. IS KNOWN TO BE 18. CAN’T HAVE CHEATED 19. SHOULD GO 20. MUSTN’T TOUCH 21. MAY / MIGHT HAVE CAUSED THE ACCIDENT 22. MUST HAVE CHEATED 23. MAKES US WORK 24. DON’T LET ME GO 25. WAS MADE TO PAY 26. WAS MADE TO APOLOGIZE BY 27. LETS ME USE 28. RATHER TAKE A TAXI THAN 29. RATHER GO OUT 30. BETTER TAKE A 31. HAVING SOME TEA TO DRINKING 32. HAD BETTER STUDY HARDER

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONS: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 33. RATHER WAIT HERE THAN GO 34. GETTING TO WORK TAKES ME 35. IS IMPORTANT TO DO SPORTS 36. MIND TURNING 37. TRY TO AVOID DRINKING 38. SUGGESTED GOING 39. ADMITTED STEALING 40. MIND RUNNING THROUGH 41. DID NOT SUCCEED IN FINISHING 42. IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DEALING 43. OBJETS TO PEOPLE CRITICIZING 44. APOLOGISED FOR SPOILING THEIR 45. ABOUT TAKING THE CHILDREN 46. HAD NO INTENTION OF HURTING 47. LOOKING FORWARD TO SEEING 48. GOT USED TO DRIVING 49. HAD DIFFICULTY KEEPING 50. DON’T FEEL LIKE DRIVING 51. IS NO USE SHOUTING 52. THERE IS ANY POINT IN