Genul Substantivelor.docx

GENUL SUBSTANTIVELOR A). În limba engleză substantivele ce denumesc persoane de sex bărbătesc sunt de gen masculin, iar cele ce denumesc persoane de sex feminin sunt de gen feminin: Masculin Feminin Masculin Feminin brother earl father gentleman king lad

sister countess mother lady queen lass

lord man monk mr. nephew uncle

lady woman nun miss, mrs. niece aunt

B). Unele substantive nume de persoană formează femininul adăugând formei de masculin următoarelor sufixe: a). – ess: Masculin Feminin Masculin Feminin actor actress host hostess count countess master mistress duke duchess negro negress god godess prince princess heir heiress waiter waitress b). – ine: hero - heroine C). Unele substantive nume de persoană formează masculinul adăugând formei de feminin următoarelor sufixe: – er: widow – widower; – groom: bride – bridegroom D). Alte substantive au o singură formă atât pentru masculin cât şi pentru feminin. Ele aparţin genului comun: artist, chairman, cook, cousin, doctor, foreigner, friend, guest, inhabitant, musician, neighbour, novelist, parent, professor, person, pupil, relative, speaker, student, teacher, writer. Apartenenţa la genul masculin sau feminin se precizează în context: - cu ajutorul pronumelor: The teacher asked the pupil a few more questions as she wanted to give him a better mark. - cu ajutorul unor cuvinte ca: boy, girl, male, female: boy-friend girl-friend policeman policewoman male-student female-student chairman chairwoman Substantivele nume de animale mari sunt considerate de genul masculin, fiind înlocuite depronumele he: The horse was rather restive at first, but he soon become more manageable. Şi în cazul substantivelor nume de animale există cuvinte diferite pentru cele două genuri: Masculin Feminin Masculin Feminin cock/rooster hen drake duck dog bitch gander goose În alte cazuri se adaugă cuvinte marcă a genului: Masculin Feminin cock sparrow hen sparrow he goat she goat Tom cat she cat

Masculin Jack - ass male frog

Feminin Jenny - ass female frog

Substantivele nume de obiecte sunt de genul neutru: Where is your umbrella? It is in my bag.

Masculine Brother – frate Father - tata Grandfather - bunic Son – fiu Grandson – nepot Daddy – tata

Feminine sister mother grandmother daughter granddaughter mummy

GENUL SUBSTANTIVELOR Masculine Actor - actor Count - conte Governor - guvernator Duke - duce Emperor - imaparat God – zeu

Feminine actress countess matron duchess empress goddess

Nephew – nepot de unchi Uncle – unchi Dad – tata father-in-law – socru brother-in-law - cumnat son-in-law - ginere Boy – baiat Papa – tata Husband – sot step-father – tata vitreg step-son – fiu vitreg Man – om Sir – domn King – rege Lad – flacau Male – barbat Manservant – servitor Landlord – mosier Lord – lord Bachelor – burlac Policeman - politist

niece aunt mum mother-in-law sister-in-law daughter-in-law girl mama wife step-mother step-daughter woman madam queen lass female maidservant landlady lady spinster policewoman

Headmaster - director Heir - mostenitor Host - gazda Poet - poet Prince - print Prophet - profet Monk - calugar Shepherd - oier Gentleman Tailor - croitor Bridegroom - mire Czar - tar Fiancé - logodnic Hero -erou Milkman - laptar Sultan - sultan Waiter - ospatar Postman - postas Usher - usier Widower - vaduv Wizard - vrajitor

headmistress heiress hostess poetess princess prophetess nun shepherdess lady tailoress bride czarina fiancee heroine milkmaid sultana waitress postwoman usherette widow witch

Masculine dog donkey drake drone (bondar) elephant: bull-elephant ferret (dihor): buck fox gander (gascan) guinea pig: boar goat: billy-goat/he-goat hare: buck (iepure de camp) hedgehog: boar kangaroo: buck

Feminine bitch jenny duck bee cow-elephant doe vixen goose sow nanny-goat/she-goat

ANIMALE Masculine antelope: buck ass (magar) badger: boar (bursuc) bear: boar (urs) boar (porc mistret) bull (taur) cat: tom-cat cob (swan) cock/rooster (cocos) cockerel

Feminine doe jenny sow sow sow cow tabby-cat pen hen pullet (gainusa)

doe

colt (manz)

filly (iapa)

sow doe

peahen sow

leopard

leopardess

lion rat: buck reindeer: buck rhinoceros: bull seal: bull-seal tiger

lioness doe doe cow cow-seal tigress

peacock (paun) pig pigeon: cock-pigeon (porumbel) rabbit: buck ram (berbec) sparrow: cock-sparrow stag (cerb) stallion (armasar)

hen-pigeon doe ewe (oaie) hen-sparrow deer mare (iapa)

SUBSTANTIVE CARE AU ACEEASI FORMA PENTRU AMBELE GENURI PERSOANE adolescent

magistrate – magistrate

runner – alergator

retiree - pensionar

adult

magician

salesperson – vanzator rumour-monger - zvonist

doctor

manager

scientist – om de stiinta assistant – asistent

driver - sofer

member

artist

athlete

enemy - dusman

minister

farmer - fermier

baby

buyer - cumparator

fan

motorist

stranger - strain

captain – capitan

child

owner - propietar

student

murderer – criminal

fishmonger – vanzator de pesti paramedic

teacher

musician

foreigner - strain

parent - parinte

teenager - adolescent

neighbour – vecin

friend

passenger - pasager

tourist

newsreader – satirist

gardener - gradinar

passer-by - trecator

traveller - calator

novelist – romancier

graduate – absolvent

soldier - soldat

person

bully – bataus

guard – gardian

speaker - vorbitor

photographer

officer – ofiter

guardian - gardian

specialist - specialist

pilot

orphan – orfan

guest – musafir

spectator – spectator

player – jucator

castaway – naufragiat

guide - ghid

spouse – sot

citizen - cetatean

chairperson - presedinte gymnast

spy – spion

lawyer - avocat

secretary

seller - vanzator

shopkeeper

shopper - cumparator

singer

cook - bucatar

cousin

customer - client

pupil - elev

reader - cititor

writer - scriitor

professor

CREATURES ant - furnica

chimpanzee

giraffe

sheep - oaie

ape - primata

cat

goat - capra

snail - melc

ass - magar

crab

insect

snake – sarpe

bear – urs

crocodile

lizard - soparla

squirrel - veverita

bee – albino

deer - caprioara

moth - molie

swan - lebada

beetle – gandac

eagle - vultur

mouse

tadpole - broasca

bird – pasare

fish

owl - bufnita

tortoise - testoasa

fowl – pasare de curte

frog

prawn - crevete

shark

caterpillar –omida

chicken

vulture

wasp - viespe

butterfly - fluture

fly - musca

penguin

turtle - testoasa