Generations Of Computers

1 Generation Computers st

1942-1955 Vacuum Tube Heat Burnout Machine

language

Magnetic core

memory Storage Punched cards 

MARK I (1944).

Aiken built the 1st

generation computer. Weighed 10,000 pounds Speed 1calculation/3seco nds

ENIAC (Electron Numerical Integrator and Calculator) 1946 Constructer- John Mauchly Program storing capacity 1calculation/millisecond Weapon analysis Weather Forecasting Space study 

UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer First computer built for business. Much more developed than ENIAC Constructed- J. Presper, John Mouchly. Ability to use both numeric n textual information Used magnetic tape for input

2nd Generation Computers

How did the second generation computers emerge? The invention of “THE TRANSISTORS” What is a Transistor?

Transistors & Vacuum tubes Advantages of the

transistors over vacuum tubesWeight Power

consumption Heat output

Because 2nd generation

computers used transistors, they were smaller, faster and more reliable than the st

1st generation computer

2nd generation computer

Languages: Use of a high level programming

language instead of Assembly Language. Not machine specific. COBOL FORTRAN

Models

IBM’s fully 1401 IBM’s 1620 for scientific computing IBM’s Systems/360 (Compatible computers with big instructions set)

Developments in this generation 1959 ERMA 1963 ASCII

Disadvantages Time sharing was not possible Costlier than IC’s Large in size

3rd Generation (1964 1970): Integrated Circuit  An electronic circuit that packages transistors

and other electronic components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor.  The number of transistors that is placed on a

single chip has increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers.

 Keyboards and monitors were used.  Magnetic disks were used widely as

secondary storage

3 Generation Computers  Third generation computers use

semiconductor memories  Read-Only Memory (ROM) and read-and-write

memories called Random Access Memory (RAM)  The LILLIAC IV is an example of a third

generation computer.  The CTSS (Compatible

Time-Sharing

System) was developed at MIT in the early 1960s

3 Generation Computers

4 Generation computers th

1971-1990

Microprocessor – Characteristic of 4th generation. This is a general purpose processor on chip. This generation uses VLSI and ULSI technology micro processor. 1000s of integrated circuits were built on single silicon chip that

First personal computer Reduced size, reduced cost

and increased speed of micro processor led to the creation of 1st personal computer In 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak built the Apple II 1981 IBM introduced its 1st personal computers In Direct competition with IBM’s PC was Apple’s Machitosh Line, 1984.

Three basic characteristics differentiate

microprocessor:  Instruction set  Band width  Clock speed

Characteristics: Cheapest among all generations Easily portable Speed accuracy and reliability is improved Billions of circuits per cubic foot.

Explosive Growth:  Digital watches  Pocket calculators  Personal computer

5 Generation (Present & Beyond) : Artificial Intelligence th

 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

concerns with making computers behave and think like humans.  The branch of computer

science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively

Artificial Intelligence

The Generation of computer Development Generation

Years

Circuitry

First

1950’s

Vacuum tubes

Characterized by Difficult to program, used only machine language

Second

Early 1960’s

Transistors

Easier to program, could work with business tabulating machines, Time scanning cheaper mini-computer

Third

Mid 19601970’s

Integrated circuits

Fourth

Mid 1970’s to 1990’s

VLSI and the Personal micro processor computer, graphical user, user interface, internet

Fifth

1990’s till date

Micro and Nano Chips, WiFi

Laptops, Robotics,Nanot echnology

n a Th

… u o y k