Final Report Islamiat.pdf

Ned University of Engineering & Technology

SYMMETRY OF UNIVERSE AND PRINCIPLE OF CREATION IN PAIRS

NAME:

MUHAMMAD DANIYAL

ROLL NO:

ME- 214

SUBMITTED TO:

Dr. ABDUL HAYE MADNI

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PREFACE According to Islam, the universe is governed and regulated by principle of unity, symmetry, manifesting the interactive unifying principle. We as Muslims believe that Almighty Allah has created these fascinating and sophisticated creatures and shapes to enable people to know, love, and believe in Him. The main objective of this report is to look upon symmetry of universe considering the pair creation principle. Quran also states about pairs of earth forces, rivers, fruits, and day and night, as is mentioned in the several verses in Holy Quran. Plants, animals, human beings, waters, all natural forces, all natural laws, all ideas and practices, all emotions, - all exist in pairs. This reality has been discovered in respect of some creations like plants, waters, and some natural forces, but it is yet to be discovered in respect of other creations. This report helps the reader to understand how Allah created everything in pairs. The symmetry of the Universe in Quran covers more or less all the main fields of knowledge such as physics, astronomy, biology, botany, mathematics... etc. I have tried my best to eliminate all mistakes and misrepresentation of facts but since its natural for humans to make mistakes, so I ask your pardon in advance for any such mistake. Thank You!

Muhammad Daniyal ME - 214

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT All the praises are for Almighty Allah, the most Beneficent and the most Merciful, Who grants us with knowledge and courage of doing things which we are not worthy of doing. The compilation of this report was a daunting task which was eventually made easy with the grace of Allah.

I am grateful to my parents for their non-dwindling support as they stood by me in every hour of need. I am deeply honoured to be a student of NED University of Engineering & Technology which enable me to prepare this report.

I am deeply indebted to Dr. Adul Haye Madni, that he made me prepare this report and helped me to understand more closely some of the aspects of Science in the light of Islam. I have no hesitation to say that without his valuable advices and suggestions from time to time, I could not be able to complete the whole work in an efficient manner.

I also express my warm gratitude and cordial thanks to my teacher Mr. Muhammad Mustafa, for his support.

I pay special homage to the following persons. Mr. Kareem Ahmed, Mr. Shoib Khalid and all those who helped me in the preparation of this report. Their valuable suggestion and advices helped me to understand this scientific world in a better way under the lights of Islam.

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Table of Contents CONCEPT OF PAIRS ............................................................................................. 8 QUANTUM INPUT AND CREATION IN PAIRS ...................................................... 8 FUNDAMENTAL PAIRS: ...................................................................................... 10 TIME AND SPACE: ............................................................................................ 10 CAUSE AND EFFECT: ...................................................................................... 10 ENERGY AND MASS: ....................................................................................... 11 AMINO ACIDS (LEFT AND RIGHT): ....................................................................... 12 IMPORTANT PAIRS IN PHYSICAL WORLD ........................................................ 12 ∎

SOME PHYSICAL FORCES .............................................................................. 13

∎ ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎

ORDER AND DISORDER .................................................................................. 13 PAIRS FROM ATOMS ....................................................................................... 14 BIOLOGICAL PAIRS ......................................................................................... 15 MATTER – ANTIMATTER................................................................................. 15 PAIR OF STARS ................................................................................................. 15 PAIRS IN PLANTS ............................................................................................. 15

ACTION – REACTION ................................................................................... 13

FRUITS CREATED IN PAIRS: ....................................................................... 16 ∎

TWO JANNAHS (TWO GARDENS) ...................................................................... 17

IMPORTANCE OF PAIR PRINCIPLE ................................................................... 18 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 20

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he Universe is beautiful because it is an orderly organism, and science is possible because we live in an ordered universe that complies with simple mathematical laws. The job of the scientists is primarily to study, catalogue and relate the orderliness in nature, rather than to question its origin. In this process, they are getting to smaller and smaller units of nature; ultimate simplicity is being seen now in the unified theory. The Holy Quran also guide mankind to the simplest of realities, that is Oneness of Allah, the Absolute, like whom there is none else:

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َُ ٌَ ُ ۡ ‫ ٱه‬١ ‫د‬ ‫َ ٱه‬ ٢ ‫د‬ ‫هم‬ ‫َّللُ ٱلص‬ ‫َح‬ ‫َّللُ أ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ي‬ َ ۡ َ ۡ ُ‫ل‬ ُ ۡ ‫ه‬ ‫ُن هۥ‬ ‫يك‬ ‫ََلم‬ ‫ و‬٣ ‫د‬ ‫ََلم‬ ‫د و‬ ‫يل‬ ‫َلم‬ ۡ‫ول‬ ِۡ َ ُۢ ُ َ ٤ ‫ًا أحد‬ ‫ُو‬ ‫ُف‬ ‫ك‬ “Say He is the God, The One, The Absolute, The uncaused of all beings. He begets not, Neither is He begotten; He is the Matchless, There is nothing like Him” Thus He may be considered as the unique “Singularity”, Who may be felt in the relativist world of man but cannot be comprehend by the human intellect. The nearest we can go to Him is indicated by His characteristics of Time and Space. He is the First, before Him there was nothing except He Himself. He is the Last, after Him there is nothing except He Himself. He is the Outward, outside Him is nothing, but He; He is the innermost, inside Him is nothing but He Himself;

ُۖ ‫ه‬ ُ ُ‫ه‬ ۡ َ ُ ۡ َ ۡ َ ‫ِن‬ ‫َاط‬ ‫ٱلب‬ ‫ُ و‬ ‫ِر‬ ‫َّٰه‬ ‫َٱلظ‬ ‫ُ و‬ ‫ٱۡلٓخِر‬ ‫ل و‬ ‫ٱۡلَو‬ ‫هو‬ َُ ٍۡ ٣ ٌ ‫ِيم‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ء ع‬ ‫ِ شَي‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َ ب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫و‬

“He is the First, And the Last, He is the Outward most, And the Inward most, and He has full knowledge of everything”

ُ‫ه‬ ۡ ) the First and (‫ٱۡلٓخِر‬ ۡ ) the Last relates to TIME domain. ‫ل‬ ‫ٱۡلَو‬ ُۖ ‫ه‬ ۡ ) the Innermost and (‫ِر‬ The words (ُ ‫ِن‬ ‫َاط‬ ‫ٱلب‬ ‫َّٰه‬ ‫ )ٱلظ‬the Outward-most Here the words (

relate to the SPACE domain. Since the Holy Quran emphatically denies any kind of Duality and Trinity in its concept of God, therefore Time and Space cannot be independent entities besides Him. He is thus the very source of Time and Space continuum. These two are unified in His own Personality, and the first pair of His creative activity; a manifestation of His own existence. Thus the continuum of Time and Space is to be seen the most fundamental pair of existence, a key to the symmetry of universe. One cannot be separated from the other. Nothing can take place without the input of Time and Space. We may say that, through these characteristics if His existence, He is a part of every activity and event: and is directly the Cause and Prime mover of everything. Nothing happens without His intercession. He is the Outward, the Inward, the First and the Last, whose knowledge is above the bound of relativity. He is the Absolute, Who must know everything because He is directly responsible for everything, the ultimate source of symmetry; as the Quran says; 6

ََ َ َ َ ِ‫َّلل‬ ‫َِه‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ِي ٱۡۡلَر‬ ‫ما ف‬ ‫َّٰتِ و‬ ‫َّٰو‬ ‫ِي ٱلسهم‬ ‫ما ف‬ ‫و‬ ِۡ ُ ِ‫َّلل‬ ُُ‫ٱۡل‬ ۡ ُ ‫َِلى ٱه‬ ١٠٩ ُ ‫مور‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ۡج‬ ‫تر‬ ‫َإ‬ ‫و‬ To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And to Allah will [all] matters be returned. The Holy Quran tells also that the creative pattern of activity of Allah follows in symmetry of pairs. Creation of one thing automatically means the simultaneous creation of its pair, which complements each other. At any instant they are the result of parting off of the singularity, and before that instant they had not existed independently but within that singularity. A basic example of this is the pair composed of matter and anti-matter. They exist outside but, when together they were in the form of reality – “Nothingness” – which could not be distinguished by its component. In the following we shall discuss this most wonderful principle of Nature – a guiding light for science, which states that Allah has created all things on the basis of symmetry of pairs. There are several verses in the Holy Quran which point to this great reality of the universe, some of which are given below:-

ََ ‫ُه‬ ‫َ ه‬ َ‫ل‬ َ ۡ َ َ ‫ها‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ها م‬ ‫َ ك‬ ‫َّٰج‬ ‫ۡو‬ ‫ٱۡلَز‬ ‫لق‬ ‫ِي خ‬ ‫ٱلذ‬ ‫َّٰن‬ ‫ۡح‬ ‫سُب‬ ُ ۡ ُ ‫ها ََل‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫َم‬ ‫ۡ و‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ِه‬ ‫ُس‬ ‫َنف‬ ‫ۡ أ‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫َم‬ ‫ۡضُ و‬ ‫ٱۡلَر‬ ‫ِت‬ ‫ُۢب‬ ‫تن‬ َۡ َ‫ُو‬ َ ٣٦ ‫ن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫يع‬

“Glory to Allah, Who created all things in pairs, Those that the earth produces, As well as their own (human) kind, And things which They have no knowledge” The verse 51:49 stresses the same fact in the following manner:

ََ ‫َه‬ ۡ‫ل‬ ٍۡ ‫ُم‬ ‫لك‬ ‫ۡنِ َلع‬ ‫َي‬ ‫ۡج‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َا ز‬ ‫قن‬ ‫ء خ‬ ‫ِ شَي‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ِن ك‬ ‫َم‬ ‫و‬ ۡ َ‫ت‬ َ‫ُو‬ َ ٤٩ ‫ن‬ ‫هر‬ ‫ذك‬ “And everything, We created in pairs, That you may reflect” The use of word everything (‫ ) ُكل‬or all things (‫ ) ُكل ش َۡيء‬in the above relation implies that the rule of creation in pairs has no exception. It is the law of nature and must be applicable to all living or non-living things, on the earth and in the heavens. It means that if we follow the scientific principle of reductionism, that is breaking complex system into its simpler pairs, we should reach the Singularity of Nature i.e. Allah, the Creator of everything. 7

The verse 31:10 specifically describes that all biological type of life has also been based upon pair- principle of creation:-

َ َ َ َ ٓ ٓ ۡ َ َ ‫ه‬ ِ َُۢ ِ ‫َا‬ ‫ۡن‬ ‫َت‬ ‫نب‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫ء ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ٱلس‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫نز‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫و‬ ٗ َ‫ِي‬ ١٠ ٍ ‫ِيم‬ ‫َر‬ ‫ٖ ك‬ ‫ۡج‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ِ ز‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ِن ك‬ ‫ها م‬ ‫ف‬ “And we sent down rain from the sky, And protected on earth every kind, of noble creatures in pairs”

CONCEPT OF PAIRS At this stage it would be appropriate to clarify this concept of pairs. The original Arabic Al Zauj (‫ )زوج‬has been translated as ‘pair’ in English language by many famous translators of Holy Quran. In the holy Quran it has been used to denote all kinds of pairs – of abstract and physical things. For example the special mention of human kind in the Quranic verse 36:36 clarifies that the most obvious pair in universe is the opposite sexes. The next verse 36:37 terms the cycle day and night also as a pair, which are actually two manifestation of time, due to the rotation of earth on its axis in front of the Sun, or presence of light and its absence, or position of earth in front of the Sun and away from the Sun. In the dictionary meanings, this word represents the couple of things which complement or supplements each other in their existence or functions. Examples of such type of pairs are: a pair of gloves, a pair of opposite sexes. Two corresponding parts of the same thing such as scissors, tongs, trousers, etc., are also called pairs; two things in love or in opposition also make a pair. Any kind of thing which can be bad, love and hatred. There are pairs of things which cannot be separated from each other, such as transitional pairs of mass and energy in a quantum of photons. There are also thing which apparently look like unitary quantities but actually composed of one or more pairs of still simpler parts existing within each other. Fundamental particles, in the nucleus of the atom, are an example of such type of pairs. The dictionary and common use meaning of the word “pair” are quite comprehensive. In short, the word can be taken to represent the living and or non-living organisms or things, which are complementary to each other for their existence, irrespective of their being of similar or opposite characteristics.

QUANTUM INPUT AND CREATION IN PAIRS The Universe is an orderly system, in which each thing is connected with other things in an orderly manner. Events are manifestations of the sudden disturbance in that order, which soon settle into a new equilibrium; and so on. How do the events occur? The Holy Quran suggests that formation of events is a quantum phenomenon. On the stage of the universe, 8

Allah sends down things in a definite measure; and in this respect, His command is but one, like the twinkling of an eye:

َ‫د‬ َٓ َ‫ِن‬ ُُ ٍۡ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ِۥ‬ ‫ائ‬ ‫َز‬ ‫نا خ‬ ‫ِهَل ع‬ ‫ء إ‬ ‫ِن شَي‬ ‫ِن م‬ ‫َإ‬ ‫و‬ ُۡ ُ ‫ما‬ ََ ََ ‫ٖ ه‬ ُ ٢١ ٖ ‫لوم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫در‬ ‫ِق‬ ‫ِهَل ب‬ ‫ه إ‬ ‫ُِۥ‬ ‫َز‬ ‫نن‬ ‫و‬ ٓ‫ل‬ “And there is not a thing, But its store houses is with us, And we send them down, But in definite ascertainable measures, (i.e. in fixed quantities)” It is evident from this verse that the creation pattern is not like a continuous flow but is in discretely measured quanta.. the verse leaves no exception and we may say that creation in definite measure or fixed quantities is the rule of nature. The following verse suggests that discreteness is connected with the element of suddenness also:

َ ‫ِه‬ َ‫َا‬ َٓ َٓ ُ ُ ‫َن‬ ‫ۡا أ‬ ‫د شَي‬ ‫َر‬ ‫ا أ‬ ‫ِذ‬ ‫ه إ‬ ‫ۥ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫نم‬ ‫إ‬ ٓ ۡ‫ا أ‬ ُ‫ُو‬ َ‫ُو‬ َ ُ‫ل‬ ٨٢ ‫ن‬ ‫َك‬ ‫َي‬ ‫ُن ف‬ ‫ه ك‬ ‫ل َۥ‬ ‫يق‬ “Verily, when He intends a thing, His Command is, Be! And it is there”

Keeping the above verse in view, now refer to the principle of creation in pairs revealed in verse 36:36 and 51:49 quoted already. From here the overall picture of creation would emerge as creation in sudden quantum jumps, where each jump results into two new creations, which constitute a pair. According to it, in general, creations follow the geometrical progression: (n + 2n + 4n, 8n, 16n, 32n, 64n, 128n + - - - -) At the far end, the number of creations would reach infinity. In this series of events, by the process of reduction, we can trace back our destiny to the “Singularity of the Beginning” also. In the finite number of events, any two individual events, A&B, may not be able to visuals their relationship with each other and we may take them to be separate and completely independent of each other, but in reality they are the product of a Singularity; through whose motherhood they remain united, wherever and how far they may go deep in the time and space. In this series of events, the Big Bang, the call of creation of universe, is also an event, rather a junction point where all material things come to meet. In the same series of events would be the event of the End of the universe, which cannot also occur without its complementary event of recreation of a new universe, thus in a sense completing the symmetry of creation in pairs.

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FUNDAMENTAL PAIRS: With this general scheme of things in mind, let us now refer back to the Quranic revelations quoted earlier and study some of the more basic pairs of nature, namely:-

 TIME AND SPACE: The primary and the first pair of creation is the pair of TIME and SPACE. They are inseparable and essentials input to allow anything to happen. All creations in the universe ultimately converge into this fundamental pair. As discussed already, it is the characteristics of Allah’s own Personality and a manifestation of His Existence.

 CAUSE AND EFFECT: Cause and Effect is the second fundamental pair of universe moving. Cause may be said to be the “Will of God” while Effect is the manifestation of that Will. Every event can be resolved into this pair. The first CAUSE was the interaction of the Primary Pair of TIME and SPACE. After the First Cause and the first Effect, a series of pairs of causes and effect were set going in the universe. When we look closely at cause and effect, we see that a "cause" and an "effect" are the same thing, or stated another way; a single thing may be both a cause and an effect. They differ only by how we perceive them in time.

Fig (a)

Notice how the cause of one thing becomes the effect when you ask why again. The cause of the "Injury" was a "Fall", and when you ask why "Fall", it changes to an effect and the cause is "Slipped." The process is going on ever since the beginning: Allah Himself is the FIRST CAUSE, the primal origin of all things. Figure(a) represents this continuum of CAUSE and EFFECT , 10

showing that all causes are effects and all effects are causes, collectively sum able into the Primary cause, the God of the Universe.

Fig (b)

Mathematically:∑ Causes ------------------------------ ∑Effect ∑c = ∑e In the infinity of the events; ∑c + ∑e ---------------------- 2 ∑ c ------------------------- ∑c infinity For an outside observer, events are thus an undistinguishable continuous train of causes only, predetermined, part of the primary cause. ∑c ⧏---------------------------------------------⧐ Primary Causes

 ENERGY AND MASS: ENERGY and MASS is another fundamental pair in nature. Physics took its birth on appearance of the first quanta of this pair. In actual reality, as discovered by Einstein, they are the transformation of the same thing. It is a particle while at rest, and Quantum of energy when in the state of motion:

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In the words of the Holy Quran “In the ultimate analysis, Allah is the Primal cause: All things return to Him”

 AMINO ACIDS (left and right): Science of Biology works on the system of the formation or segregation of cells in the pairs. In the biological world, the fundamental pair was of chromosomes which multiplied to give birth to all types of life, spreading to about 5000,000 species observed today. Starting from a singular pair of life called in the Holy Quran (‫ )نفس واحدة‬, all terrestrial life has the same biochemistry, uses the same genetic mechanism and the same unique set of stereo isomers. Organic molecules existing in pairs are also the mirror image of each other. Side by side, there had also taken place he creation of left- handed and right- handed amino acids (another fundamental pair of nature), which becomes the basis of living organisms. In 1979, biologists S.C. Bondy and M.E. Horrington pointed out that certain lefthanded organic compounds on earth are selectively absorbed by bentonite clay over their right handed (and biologically uncommon) counterparts. This preferential binding is supposed to have influenced the Earth’s early stereo chemistry, which (it seems from the Holy Quran) had provided the first sign of life that was destined to ultimately develop into the human beings. The above set examples of the four fundamental pairs of TIME and SPACE, CAUSE and EFFECT, ENERGY and MATTER, and (left and right) AMINO ACIDS, illustrates that the law of pair is operational at the very roots of creation. Since no activity of nature can be visualized out of the domain of these pairs, therefore, the system of pairs must continue beyond these fundamental pairs, with the possibility of flow of events in the form of an unending PAIR TREE, where one thing give birth to two more thing, and so on. In this train cause and effect do not precede each other but happen at the same time. Therefore events may be taken as a series of causes only, closely coupled with the First Cause. What we call “effect” is actually the outside observation of the cause, and quantum phenomena, a manifestation of the Will of the Creator.

IMPORTANT PAIRS IN PHYSICAL WORLD In the following, we shall illustrate this pair-principle with reference to some of the more commonly known examples from the physical world:

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∎ SOME PHYSICAL FORCES

‫َ ه‬ ‫مه‬ َ‫ِي‬ َ ‫ِي‬ َُ ۡ ‫د‬ ‫ها‬ ‫َ ف‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫َج‬ ‫ۡضَ و‬ ‫ٱۡلَر‬ ‫ٱلذ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫و‬ ُۖ َ‫َۡن‬ َ ‫ٗا‬ ‫َّٰر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫ِيَ و‬ ‫َّٰس‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ر‬

“And it is He who spread the earth and placed therein set of burdens (‫)ررررررررر‬ and rivers; The word ‘rawasi’ used in this verse is a plural form and may be used to denote a set of two burdens; these burdens placed in earth are actually pairs of forces acting in the earth. One such pair is force of gravity and the force of repulsion - one acting towards the earth, and the other acting away from the earth. Similarly we know existence of pair of centripetal and centrifugal forces; nuclear forces- responsible for uniting an atom and breaking it- also exist in pair. Forces causing action and reaction also exist in pair.

 ACTION – REACTION First of all, let us consider the 3 rd law of Newton, which states that every action has a reaction, which is equal but opposite in direction. In this law, action and reaction constitute a pair of the same physical quantity: Action ------------------> ------ <---------------------- Reaction Newton’s First law of motion is actually a description of the state of the pair consisting of motion ad rest. Three Hundred years after Newton, the Quantum Theory explained that motion and rest are also separable. At the microscopic level, moving things hop between places of rest and, on the other hand, things apparently at rest also oscillate on the Molecular scale, forward and backward, about their mean positions in space. So there is no true motion or true rest state, but a transition of the pair of motion and rest only. All praise is for ALLAH who has arranged the things so. Newton’s Law of Gravity speaks about the gravitational forces between a pair of masses: 𝑀1 × 𝑀2 𝐹 = 𝐺| | 𝑅2 This provides the acceleration ‘g’ in case of two bodies viz; ---------------≫ ---------- ≪----------------g g Gravity is thus a force providing interconnection between pairs of matter, a universal means of “communication” between all things.

∎ ORDER AND DISORDER Another important pair in nature is described by the 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics, which has very wide applications. In essence, this law states that “disorder (Entropy) cannot be 13

converted into order (Anti- Entropy) unless some compensatory production of disorder takes place elsewhere concurrently i.e. order and disorder are concurrent”. (Working of every refrigerator can very easily explain this principle. When the machinery generates cold, at some adjacent place heat is also being generated concurrently). Thus order and disorder constitute a coexisting fundamental pair of nature.

∎ PAIRS FROM ATOMS One of the most striking examples of creation pair symmetry is the structure of the atom. On the whole, it constitutes a pair: a positively charged nucleus with a negatively charged cloud of electrons around it. The electrons are bound to the nucleus by electric forces: the nucleus has positive charge and is surrounded by an electric field which traps the negatively charged electrons. Going further, the Nucleus itself is a composite body, consisting of another pair viz. proton, which carries the positive charge, and electrically neutral particles called neutrons. Within this broad family – grouping in the atom are many sub – groups made up of simple particles called Leptons and Quarks. These however are also not found individually but united in a group of two or three, thus again obeying the Quranic Law of Symmetry of Pairs. LEPTONS PAIR

I

II

III

QUARKS

NAME

CHARGE

NAME

CHARGE

Electron (e)

-1

Up (M)

+2/3

Neutrino (ve)

0

Down

-1/3

Muon (M)

-1

Strange (S)

-1/3

Neutrino (vm)

0

Charms (c)

+2/3

An (T)

-1

Top (t)

+2/3

0

Bottom (b)

-1/3

Electron –

Muon –

Tau – Neutrino (Vt) ?

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?

?

According to present knowledge, particles in the atoms are glued together by four kinds of forces: strong forces, weak forces, gravity forces and electromagnetic forces. The latest research ideas are trying to unify these forces into one pair only.

∎ BIOLOGICAL PAIRS From the Quranic verse 31:10 quoted already, it appears that the principle of creation in pairs should be most visible in the biological world. This is in fact the case; for example, Mendel’s first law of Biology called “Law of Segregation” states that ‘during genetic formation, pair of factors separates or segregate’. Mendel’s second law states that “the segregation of one pair of factors is independent of the segregation of any other pair of factors”. Thus the basis of biological world is seen to be the pair – symmetry. There are males and females in each type of life. In the bisexual types, the pair – pattern is visible from outside while in a-sexual types, it exists within them. Pair pattern of creation also operates at the level of cells and down below. For example, genes of everything exist in pairs. All chromosomes of diploid organism are presents in to copies of X and Y chromosomes, assembled in two alpha and beta chains.

∎ MATTER – ANTIMATTER In the realm of matter and energy, we have pairs of matter and anti-matter, electricity and magnetism, kinetic energy and potential energy, etc. then also with positive we have negative; with the right there is left; with order there is disorder; with life there is death; with rise there is fall. In short, the Quranic principle of pairs rules everywhere in the universe.

∎ PAIR OF STARS In the cosmos there are found pairs of stars. Even our Sun has been discovered to have the companion star, which follows it in the galaxy. Similarly, other stars exist in the pattern of binary pairs. The Solar System may be seen as constituted of the pair of the sun and the associated planets. Then the planets have their moons, completing their pairs.

∎ PAIRS IN PLANTS Previously humans did not know that plants too have male and female gender distinctions. Botany states that every plant has a male and female gender. Even the plants that are unisexual have distinct elements of both male and female.

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ََ‫َس‬ ‫ه‬ َ‫لك‬ َ َ‫ۡض‬ ۡ ُ ‫دا و‬ ‫ٱۡلَر‬ ‫ُم‬ ‫َ َلك‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ِي ج‬ ‫ٱلذ‬ ۡ‫م‬ ٗ‫ه‬ ََ َٓ َ‫ِي‬ ِ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫َ ٱلسهم‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫ل م‬ ‫َنز‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫ُٗٗل و‬ ‫ها سُب‬ ‫ۡ ف‬ ‫ُم‬ ‫َلك‬ َ َ ‫ه‬ َ َّٰ ٓ‫م‬ َ َ َ َ ۡ ِ ِ ‫ٗا م‬ ‫ه أزوج‬ ‫ۡنا ۦ‬ ‫ۡرج‬ ‫َأخ‬ ‫ء ف‬ ٖ‫ِن نبات‬ ٓ‫ب‬ ٗ‫ا‬ ٥٣ َّٰ ‫هى‬ ‫شَت‬ "And has sent down water from the sky. With it have We produced diverse pairs of plants each separate from the others." [Al-Quran 20:53]

Quran also states about pairs in vegetation/ plants, in the following verse. “……you see the earth barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs)” (al-hajj-5).

 FRUITS CREATED IN PAIRS: Fruit is the end product of reproduction of the superior plants. The stage preceding fruit is the flower, which has male and female organs (stamens and ovules). Once pollen has been carried to the flower, they bear fruit, which in turn matures and frees its seed. All fruits therefore imply the existence of male and female organs; a fact that is mentioned in the Qur'an.

َ‫ِي‬ َ ‫َي‬ ‫ۡج‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ها ز‬ ‫َ ف‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َع‬ ‫َّٰتِ ج‬ ‫َر‬ ‫هم‬ ‫ِ ٱلث‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ِن ك‬ ‫َم‬ ‫و‬ ِ‫ۡن‬ ‫ِي ه‬ ‫ِه‬ ۡ َ‫ه‬ ُ ُِۖ ‫ِي‬ ‫ن ف‬ ‫َ إ‬ ‫هار‬ ‫َ ٱلن‬ ‫ۡل‬ ‫ٱلي‬ ‫ۡش‬ ‫يغ‬ ‫ۡن‬ ‫َي‬ ‫ٱثن‬ َ َ‫ُو‬ َّٰ َ ٖ َٓ‫ِكَ َۡل‬ ٣‫ن‬ ‫هر‬ ‫َك‬ ‫َف‬ ‫يت‬ ‫ۡم‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ِق‬ ‫يتٖ ل‬ ‫َّٰل‬ ‫ذ‬ “And from all of the fruits He made therein two mates; (Ra’ad-3).

َ َ َ َ ٓ ٓ ۡ َ َ ‫ه‬ ِ َُۢ ِ ‫َا‬ ‫ۡن‬ ‫َت‬ ‫نب‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫ء ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ٱلس‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫نز‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫و‬ ٗ َ‫ِي‬ ١٠ ٍ ‫ِيم‬ ‫َر‬ ‫ٖ ك‬ ‫ۡج‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ِ ز‬ ‫ُل‬ ‫ِن ك‬ ‫ها م‬ ‫ف‬ We send down water from the sky, (in order that) We cause goodly pairs to grow out of it (of earth) 16

(Luqman, 31: 10).

∎ TWO JANNAHS (Two Gardens) Quran states about pair of Jannah:

َ َ َِ ٤٦ ِ‫َان‬ ‫هت‬ ‫َن‬ ‫ِ ج‬ ‫ِه‬ ‫َۦ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫َ ر‬ ‫َام‬ ‫مق‬ ‫َاف‬ ‫ۡ خ‬ ‫َن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫و‬ “But for he who has feared the position of his Lord are two “jannahs” (al-rahman-46).

َ ِ‫َان‬ َِ ٥٠ ِ‫يان‬ ‫ۡر‬ ‫تج‬ ‫ۡن‬ ‫َي‬ ‫َا ع‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ِيه‬ ‫ف‬ Concerning the two Gardens which Allah has prepared for those who fear their Rabb, Allah (swt) said, "In them [both] will be two springs flowing [free]." [Ar-Rahman 55:50]

َ ِ‫َان‬ ٦٦ ِ‫َان‬ ‫َت‬ ‫هاخ‬ ‫نض‬ ‫ۡن‬ ‫َي‬ ‫َا ع‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ِيه‬ ‫ف‬ And concerning the two Gardens beneath them, He said, "In them [both] will be two springs gushing forth water." [Ar-Rahman 55:66]

ََ َٓ َُ َِ ۡ ‫ِن‬ ‫ها م‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫ائ‬ ‫بط‬ ‫ُر‬ ‫َّٰ ف‬ ‫لى‬ ‫ع‬ ُۢ‫ُش‬ َ ِ‫ۡن‬ ۡ ‫َى‬ ٥٤ ٖ‫دان‬ ‫َي‬ ‫هت‬ ‫َن‬ ‫ٱلج‬ ‫َن‬ ‫َج‬ ‫و‬

َ ُِ ‫ِين‬ ‫هك‬ ‫مت‬ ‫َق‬ ‫ۡر‬ ‫َب‬ ‫ِسۡت‬ ‫إ‬ ٖ

The fruits of the trees will be low-hanging, in easy reach of the people of Paradise: "Reclining upon the couches lined with silk brocade, and the fruits of the two Gardens will be near at hand" [Ar-Rahman 55:54] Al-Haakim reported with a saheeh isnaad from 'Aa'ishah that the Messenger (S.A.W) said, "Do not slander Waraqah ibn Nawfal for I have seen that he will have one or two gardens in Paradise" [Saheeh al-Jaami as-Sagheer, 6/1534, no. 7197] 17

IMPORTANCE OF PAIR PRINCIPLE Above are given only a few commonly examples of pairs in nature. Table – II gives a summary of these pairs. Where – ever you look, the Quranic principle of symmetry of creation in pairs is found in nature. Why so? Because this is the book whereof there is no doubt, a revelation from the creator of the worlds; and Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) is His messenger on earth. Since the Holy Quran leaves no exception to this rule, we can say that pair system or binary system of creation must be traceable in all combinations, divisions and sub-division of any synthesis of nature. That is, in the final analysis each and every system should be reducing able into multiple combinations of simple binary constituents. Symmetry of pairs is thus the wonderful tool in the hands of the scientist for the understanding of the nature of things. Since singular existence is not possible, discovery of any new thing should automatically point toward the possible existence of its pair. The only singular reality is of God Himself, the Creator, Designer and Sustainer of the worlds, the Master of Time and Space.

A FEW EXAMPLES OF THE SYMMETRY OF PAIRS IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES

Mind

Soul

Zero

One

Time

Space

Mass

Energy

Matter

Anti-Matter

Positive Charge

Negative Charge

Electricity

Magnetism

Action

Reaction

Incident

Reflection

Cause

Effect

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Order

Disorder

Darkness

Light

Day

Night

Life

Death

Neutron

Proton

Electron

Positron

Quarks

Leptons

Right- Handed Spin

Left- Handed Spin

RNA

DNA

Right – Handed Amino Acid

Left-Handed Amino Acid

X – Chromosomes

Y-Chromosomes

Alpha-Homologous

Beta- Homologous

Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells

Length

Breadth

Mass

Weight

Motion

Rest

ََ َۡ ‫ه‬ َ ۡ َ‫ِك‬ ‫لق‬ ‫ِي خ‬ ‫ٱلذ‬ ١ ‫لى‬ ‫ٱۡلَع‬ ‫َب‬ ‫َ ر‬ ‫ِحِ ٱسۡم‬ ‫سَب‬ ‫َ ه‬ َ‫ه‬ ‫َه‬ ََ ٣ َّٰ ‫دى‬ ‫َ ف‬ ‫در‬ ‫ِي ق‬ ‫ٱلذ‬ ‫ و‬٢ َّٰ ‫هى‬ ‫َسَو‬ ‫ف‬ “Praise the name of the Lord, The Most High, Who creates, then disposes, Who measures, then guides”

Abu – Zar who was a close companion of the Prophet once asked the Prophet of Allah, “O, Messenger of Allah, have you seen your Lord? The Prophet of Allah replied, ‘How can I see Him, Who is The Nur?’ ” (Muslim) 19

(Arabic Scholars translate Nur (‫ )نور‬as a form of Energy, illustrated with the example of light)

Ibn – e – Abbas, relates that the Prophet of Allah said that God’s Nur is covered in seventy veils. Even if He uncovers one of His veils, the entire universe will burn away with the strength of “His Nur”. . . . . . (Tirmizi)

CONCLUSION: The first idea that comes to our minds when symmetry is mentioned is the things which have equal or balanced sides or parts (symmetrical parts). Personally, I think it's so hard to see all that perfectness and beauty almost everywhere we look and just don't ask who is able to create all this, who guides these tiny creatures to be engineers, who endow them by varieties, knowledge, and certainly wisdom. We may conclude that Allah has created everything in pairs. All creatures including natural laws, natural forces, animals, plants, human beings, human ideas and practices exist in pairs. The pair of human being is its soul. This fact has been discovered by scientists in respect of some creatures; but it is yet to be discovered in respect of remaining creatures

REFERENCES Mehmood, S. B. (1994). Selected Papers on Science and Islam. Vol.1. Islamabad: Pakistan Council for Science and Technology.

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