Farming Systems
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Economics of Farming Systems in Vidarbha
By Dr. (Ms.) S. V. Warade
Agricultural Prices Scheme, Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Dr.PDKV, Akola.
OBJECTIVES • To study the socio-economic characteristics of the different Farming Systems
• To study the employment generation. • To study the economics of Farming Systems.
METHODOLOGY •
A Sample of 121 farmers from purposely selected different clusters of Agricultural Prices Scheme of Vidarbha for study.
•
The sample is classified accordingly to their present Farming Systems. The data for all samples were tabulated and analyse for different objectives of study.
•
The Cost-A, Cost-B and Cost-C were used as analytical tool for calculating economics of different Farming System. The Farming Systems observed and their sample selected are as follows
1. Agriculture
= 20 samples
2. Agriculture + Dairy
= 29 samples
7. Agriculture + Poultry
= 19 samples
8. Agriculture +Goat
= 23 samples
9. Agriculture + Horticulture
= 20 samples
5. Agriculture + Sericulture
= 10 samples.
Table 1 : Average Family Size under different Farming Systems Numbers
Sr. No 1
2
3
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
3.33
2.91
2.2
2.08
2.47
(41.60)
(44.46)
(44.98)
(40.37)
(50.98)
(42.01)
1.11
2.41
2.44
2.04
1.85
1.58
1.9
(22.79)
(34.58)
(32.58)
(31.53)
(33.94)
(38.73)
(32.31)
Children
2.32
1.66
1.72
1.52
1.4
0.42
1.51
(Below 12 year)
(47.64)
(23.82)
(22.96)
(23.49)
(25.69)
(10.29)
(25.68)
Total Members
4.87
6.97
7.49
6.47
5.45
4.08
5.88
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
Gender
Agriculture
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Male
1.44
2.9
(29.57) Female
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Total Family Members
Fig. No. 1. Average Familly Size ofSelected Farmers of different Farmerming System. 8
Family Member
7 6 5
6.97
7.49 6.47 5.45
4.87
4.08
4 3
me
2 1 0 Agriculture
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Farming System
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Fig. No. 2. Overall Percentage share of Family Members.
Children, 25.68
Male , 42.01
Male Female Children
Female, 32.31
Table 2 : Educational Status of the Farmers of different Farming Systems Numbers
Sr. No 1
2
3
4
Educational Status Illiterate
Primary
High School
Graduation
Total
Agriculture
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
4
4
5
6
2
_
21
(20.00)
(13.80)
(26.32)
(26.09)
(10.00)
(17.36)
7
10
7
8
4
7
43
(35.00)
(34.48)
(36.84)
(34.78)
(20.00)
(70.00)
(35.54)
7
11
6
9
9
2
44
(35.00)
(37.93)
(31.58)
(39.13)
(45.00)
(20.00)
(36.36)
2
4
1
_
5
1
13
(10.00)
(13.79)
(5.26)
(25.00)
(10.00)
(10.74)
20
29
19
23
20
10
121
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Total Farmers
Fig No. 3. Overall Educational Status of the Farmers
Garaduation, 10.74
Illiterate, 17.36
Illiterate Primary High School High School, 36.36
Garaduation Primary, 35.54
Table 3 : Land Use Pattern of different Farming Systems in hectares
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
2.08
1.71
2.46
4.11
2.58
Sr. No
Particulars
Agriculture
1
Total land Holding
2.60
3.13
2
Current Fallow Land
0.17
0.34
0.10
0.83
0.07
(6.07)
(10.97)
(4.85)
(20.34)
2.40
2.43
2.79
2.24
1.61
3.31
3.28
2.51
(86.79)
(90.00)
(87.50)
(78.16)
(93.77)
(80.39)
(85.96)
0.37
0.31
0.32
0.45
0.22
0.80
0.41
(13.21)
(10.00)
(12.50)
(21.84)
(6.23)
(19.61)
(14.04)
0.63
0.87
0.32
0.42
0.88
3.86
0.84
(22.60)
(28.13)
(12.34)
(20.47)
(24.79)
(94.50)
(28.83)
2.80
3.10 (100.00 ) 111.11
2.56 (100.00 ) 114.29
2.06 (100.00 ) 127.95
3.53
4.08
(100.00)
(100.00)
106.65
124.39
2.92 (100.00 ) 116.33
3
4
5 6
Net Cultivated Area Area sown more than once Irrigated Area Gross Cropped Area
(100.00) Crop Intensity (%)
115.23
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Gross Cropped Area
Table 4 : Cropping Pattern under different Farming Systems Area in hectares
Farming Systems
Sr. No. I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Crops
Agriculture
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
0.39
0.37
0.34
0.26
0.63
0.30
0.37
(13.93)
(11.94)
(13.28)
(12.62)
(17.85)
(7.35)
(12.67)
0.37
0.67
0.54
0.33
(13.21)
(21.61)
(21.09)
(16.02)
0.74
0.81
0.65
0.44
(26.43)
(26.13)
(25.39)
0.10
0.13
(3.57)
Kharif Jowar Paddy Cotton Tur Mung Udid Soybean Total
0.31
(10.62)
0.87
1.1
0.76
(21.36)
(24.65)
(26.96)
(26.03)
0.11
0.02
0.10
0.12
0.10
(4.19)
(4.30)
(0.97)
(2.83)
(2.94
(3.42)
0.1
0.11
0.08
0.09
0.14
0.08
0.10
(3.57)
(3.55)
(3.13)
(4.37)
(3.97)
(1.96)
(3.42)
0.03
0.02
0.02
(1.07)
(0.65)
(0.78)
(2.83)
(1.03)
0.48
0.54
0.28
0.29
0.68
0.68
0.49
(17.14)
(17.42)
(10.94)
(14.08)
(19.26)
(16.67)
(16.78)
2.21
2.65
2.02
1.43
2.52
2.28
2.16
(78.92)
(85.49)
(78.91)
(69.42)
(71.39)
(55.88)
(73.97)
0.1
0.03
Farming Systems Sr. No. II 8 9 10
Crops
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
0.06
0.09
0.08
0.07
(2.14)
(2.90)
(3.13)
(3.40)
0.12
0.06
0.04
0.1
(4.29)
(1.94)
(1.56)
0.19
0.16
(6.79)
Rabi Sunflower Wheat Gram Total
III
Agri + Dairy
Agriculture
(1.71)
0.13
0.50
0.16
(4.85)
(3.68)
(12.25)
(5.48)
0.2
0.28
0.09
0.3
0.2
(5.16)
(7.81)
(13.59)
(2.55)
(7.35)
(6.85)
0.37
0.31
0.32
0.45
0.22
0.8
0.41
(13.22)
(10.00)
(12.50)
(21.84)
(6.23)
19.60)
(14.04)
Citrus Crop
0.52
IV V VI
0.05
(14.73)
Mulberry Other
Gross Cropped Area
0.09
(3.08)
0.70
0.12
(17.16)
(4.11)
0.22
0.14
0.22
0.18
0.27
0.3
0.14
(7.86)
(4.51)
(8.59)
(8.74)
(7.65)
(7.36)
(4.80)
2.80
3.10
2.06
3.53
4.08
2.92
(100.00)
(100.00)
2.56 (100.00 )
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Gross Cropped Area
Crops
Cr op Mu l be rry Ot he r
Agri + Sericulture Agri + Horticulture Agri + Goat Agri + Poultry Agri + Dairy Agriculture
Cit
rus
Gr am
at
Wh e
r we nfl o
n
Su
yb ea
So
Ud id
g Mu n
Tu
n Co tto
dd y Pa
wa r
r
160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Jo
Percentage of GCA
Fig.4 Cropping Pattern of Different Farming System.
Table 5 : Fixed Capital Investment in different Farming Systems
Value in Rs
Sr. No.
Farming Systems
Average Land holding
Per Farm
Per Hectare
1
Agriculture
2.60
271167
104295
2
Agri + Dairy
3.13
336688
107568
3
Agri + Poultry
2.08
187358
90076
4
Agri + Goat
1.71
197062
115241
5
Agri + Horticulture
2.46
422837
171885
6
Agri + Sericulture
4.11
529154
128748
Overall
2.58
308660
119636
Table 6: Employment Generation by different Farming Systems Human Labour days Per Hectare
S. No.
Farming System
Employment in Agriculture of respective Farming System
Additional Employment increase in Farming System
Employment in Agriculture + Selected Enterprise
Human Labour Days
Human Labour Days
Human Labour Days
1
Agriculture
74.65
_
2
Agri + Dairy
70.88
16.86
87.74
3
Agri + Poultry
74.34
7.15
81.50
4
Agri + Goat
78.72
17.08
95.80
5
Agri + Horticulture
131.14
10.87
142.01
6
Agri + Sericulture
90.97
23.39
114.37
Overall
86.78
17.50
104.28
Table7 : Economics of Different Farming Systems in Vidarbha. Per hectare Sr. No.
Farming System
1
Agriculture
Number of units
Net Return at Cost A
Net Return at Cost C
B:C Ratio
Cost A
Cost C
Gross Return
11255.57
19710.79
21138.22
9882.65
1427.42
1.07
26338.72
37216.79
46290.98
19952.26
9074.19
1.24
2
Agri + Dairy
Agriculture with 2 milch animal
3
Agri + Poultry
Agriculture with 7 poultry birds
9592.51
17691.02
25772.50
16179.99
8081.48
1.46
4
Agri + Goat
Agriculture with 7 goats
17078.47
25921.41
27021.56
9943.09
1100.15
1.04
5
Agri + Horticulture
Agriculture and 45 trees
16257.36
31769.80
35113.77
18856.40
3343.97
1.11
6
Agri + Sericulture
50 of Eggs Clusters
19495.21
27487.82
20015.84
520.63
-7471.98
0.73
Table 8 : Returns per Unit of selected enterprise under different Farming Systems (Value in Rs.)
Sr. No
Farming System
Cost C
Gross Return
Net Return at Cost A
Net Return at Cost B
Net Return at Cost C
18059.45
19710.79
21138.22
9882.65
3078.76
1427.42
10782.83
11700.35
13323.17
17086.20
6303.37
5385.84
3763.03
Per poultry bird
144.32
148.36
178.71
227.32
83.01
78.97
48.61
Per Goat
727.86
894.72
934.64
982.54
254.68
87.82
47.90
Per tree
100.67
192.99
202.87
272.84
172.17
79.85
69.97
10141.71
12998.45
13500.80
5746.29
-4395.42
-7252.16
-7754.51
Number of units
Cost A
Cost B
Per hectare
11255.57
Per milch animal
Agriculture 1
2
3
4
5
6
Dairy enterprise Poultry enterprise Goat enterprise
Horticultur e enterprise Sericulture enterprise
Per 100 Egg Cluster
By Dr. (Ms.) S. V. Warade
Agricultural Prices Scheme, Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Dr.PDKV, Akola.
OBJECTIVES • To study the socio-economic characteristics of the different Farming Systems
• To study the employment generation. • To study the economics of Farming Systems.
METHODOLOGY •
A Sample of 121 farmers from purposely selected different clusters of Agricultural Prices Scheme of Vidarbha for study.
•
The sample is classified accordingly to their present Farming Systems. The data for all samples were tabulated and analyse for different objectives of study.
•
The Cost-A, Cost-B and Cost-C were used as analytical tool for calculating economics of different Farming System. The Farming Systems observed and their sample selected are as follows
1. Agriculture
= 20 samples
2. Agriculture + Dairy
= 29 samples
7. Agriculture + Poultry
= 19 samples
8. Agriculture +Goat
= 23 samples
9. Agriculture + Horticulture
= 20 samples
5. Agriculture + Sericulture
= 10 samples.
Table 1 : Average Family Size under different Farming Systems Numbers
Sr. No 1
2
3
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
3.33
2.91
2.2
2.08
2.47
(41.60)
(44.46)
(44.98)
(40.37)
(50.98)
(42.01)
1.11
2.41
2.44
2.04
1.85
1.58
1.9
(22.79)
(34.58)
(32.58)
(31.53)
(33.94)
(38.73)
(32.31)
Children
2.32
1.66
1.72
1.52
1.4
0.42
1.51
(Below 12 year)
(47.64)
(23.82)
(22.96)
(23.49)
(25.69)
(10.29)
(25.68)
Total Members
4.87
6.97
7.49
6.47
5.45
4.08
5.88
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
Gender
Agriculture
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Male
1.44
2.9
(29.57) Female
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Total Family Members
Fig. No. 1. Average Familly Size ofSelected Farmers of different Farmerming System. 8
Family Member
7 6 5
6.97
7.49 6.47 5.45
4.87
4.08
4 3
me
2 1 0 Agriculture
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Farming System
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Fig. No. 2. Overall Percentage share of Family Members.
Children, 25.68
Male , 42.01
Male Female Children
Female, 32.31
Table 2 : Educational Status of the Farmers of different Farming Systems Numbers
Sr. No 1
2
3
4
Educational Status Illiterate
Primary
High School
Graduation
Total
Agriculture
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
4
4
5
6
2
_
21
(20.00)
(13.80)
(26.32)
(26.09)
(10.00)
(17.36)
7
10
7
8
4
7
43
(35.00)
(34.48)
(36.84)
(34.78)
(20.00)
(70.00)
(35.54)
7
11
6
9
9
2
44
(35.00)
(37.93)
(31.58)
(39.13)
(45.00)
(20.00)
(36.36)
2
4
1
_
5
1
13
(10.00)
(13.79)
(5.26)
(25.00)
(10.00)
(10.74)
20
29
19
23
20
10
121
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Total Farmers
Fig No. 3. Overall Educational Status of the Farmers
Garaduation, 10.74
Illiterate, 17.36
Illiterate Primary High School High School, 36.36
Garaduation Primary, 35.54
Table 3 : Land Use Pattern of different Farming Systems in hectares
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
2.08
1.71
2.46
4.11
2.58
Sr. No
Particulars
Agriculture
1
Total land Holding
2.60
3.13
2
Current Fallow Land
0.17
0.34
0.10
0.83
0.07
(6.07)
(10.97)
(4.85)
(20.34)
2.40
2.43
2.79
2.24
1.61
3.31
3.28
2.51
(86.79)
(90.00)
(87.50)
(78.16)
(93.77)
(80.39)
(85.96)
0.37
0.31
0.32
0.45
0.22
0.80
0.41
(13.21)
(10.00)
(12.50)
(21.84)
(6.23)
(19.61)
(14.04)
0.63
0.87
0.32
0.42
0.88
3.86
0.84
(22.60)
(28.13)
(12.34)
(20.47)
(24.79)
(94.50)
(28.83)
2.80
3.10 (100.00 ) 111.11
2.56 (100.00 ) 114.29
2.06 (100.00 ) 127.95
3.53
4.08
(100.00)
(100.00)
106.65
124.39
2.92 (100.00 ) 116.33
3
4
5 6
Net Cultivated Area Area sown more than once Irrigated Area Gross Cropped Area
(100.00) Crop Intensity (%)
115.23
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Gross Cropped Area
Table 4 : Cropping Pattern under different Farming Systems Area in hectares
Farming Systems
Sr. No. I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Crops
Agriculture
Agri + Dairy
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
0.39
0.37
0.34
0.26
0.63
0.30
0.37
(13.93)
(11.94)
(13.28)
(12.62)
(17.85)
(7.35)
(12.67)
0.37
0.67
0.54
0.33
(13.21)
(21.61)
(21.09)
(16.02)
0.74
0.81
0.65
0.44
(26.43)
(26.13)
(25.39)
0.10
0.13
(3.57)
Kharif Jowar Paddy Cotton Tur Mung Udid Soybean Total
0.31
(10.62)
0.87
1.1
0.76
(21.36)
(24.65)
(26.96)
(26.03)
0.11
0.02
0.10
0.12
0.10
(4.19)
(4.30)
(0.97)
(2.83)
(2.94
(3.42)
0.1
0.11
0.08
0.09
0.14
0.08
0.10
(3.57)
(3.55)
(3.13)
(4.37)
(3.97)
(1.96)
(3.42)
0.03
0.02
0.02
(1.07)
(0.65)
(0.78)
(2.83)
(1.03)
0.48
0.54
0.28
0.29
0.68
0.68
0.49
(17.14)
(17.42)
(10.94)
(14.08)
(19.26)
(16.67)
(16.78)
2.21
2.65
2.02
1.43
2.52
2.28
2.16
(78.92)
(85.49)
(78.91)
(69.42)
(71.39)
(55.88)
(73.97)
0.1
0.03
Farming Systems Sr. No. II 8 9 10
Crops
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Goat
Agri + Horticulture
Agri + Sericulture
Overall
0.06
0.09
0.08
0.07
(2.14)
(2.90)
(3.13)
(3.40)
0.12
0.06
0.04
0.1
(4.29)
(1.94)
(1.56)
0.19
0.16
(6.79)
Rabi Sunflower Wheat Gram Total
III
Agri + Dairy
Agriculture
(1.71)
0.13
0.50
0.16
(4.85)
(3.68)
(12.25)
(5.48)
0.2
0.28
0.09
0.3
0.2
(5.16)
(7.81)
(13.59)
(2.55)
(7.35)
(6.85)
0.37
0.31
0.32
0.45
0.22
0.8
0.41
(13.22)
(10.00)
(12.50)
(21.84)
(6.23)
19.60)
(14.04)
Citrus Crop
0.52
IV V VI
0.05
(14.73)
Mulberry Other
Gross Cropped Area
0.09
(3.08)
0.70
0.12
(17.16)
(4.11)
0.22
0.14
0.22
0.18
0.27
0.3
0.14
(7.86)
(4.51)
(8.59)
(8.74)
(7.65)
(7.36)
(4.80)
2.80
3.10
2.06
3.53
4.08
2.92
(100.00)
(100.00)
2.56 (100.00 )
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
(100.00)
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Gross Cropped Area
Crops
Cr op Mu l be rry Ot he r
Agri + Sericulture Agri + Horticulture Agri + Goat Agri + Poultry Agri + Dairy Agriculture
Cit
rus
Gr am
at
Wh e
r we nfl o
n
Su
yb ea
So
Ud id
g Mu n
Tu
n Co tto
dd y Pa
wa r
r
160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Jo
Percentage of GCA
Fig.4 Cropping Pattern of Different Farming System.
Table 5 : Fixed Capital Investment in different Farming Systems
Value in Rs
Sr. No.
Farming Systems
Average Land holding
Per Farm
Per Hectare
1
Agriculture
2.60
271167
104295
2
Agri + Dairy
3.13
336688
107568
3
Agri + Poultry
2.08
187358
90076
4
Agri + Goat
1.71
197062
115241
5
Agri + Horticulture
2.46
422837
171885
6
Agri + Sericulture
4.11
529154
128748
Overall
2.58
308660
119636
Table 6: Employment Generation by different Farming Systems Human Labour days Per Hectare
S. No.
Farming System
Employment in Agriculture of respective Farming System
Additional Employment increase in Farming System
Employment in Agriculture + Selected Enterprise
Human Labour Days
Human Labour Days
Human Labour Days
1
Agriculture
74.65
_
2
Agri + Dairy
70.88
16.86
87.74
3
Agri + Poultry
74.34
7.15
81.50
4
Agri + Goat
78.72
17.08
95.80
5
Agri + Horticulture
131.14
10.87
142.01
6
Agri + Sericulture
90.97
23.39
114.37
Overall
86.78
17.50
104.28
Table7 : Economics of Different Farming Systems in Vidarbha. Per hectare Sr. No.
Farming System
1
Agriculture
Number of units
Net Return at Cost A
Net Return at Cost C
B:C Ratio
Cost A
Cost C
Gross Return
11255.57
19710.79
21138.22
9882.65
1427.42
1.07
26338.72
37216.79
46290.98
19952.26
9074.19
1.24
2
Agri + Dairy
Agriculture with 2 milch animal
3
Agri + Poultry
Agriculture with 7 poultry birds
9592.51
17691.02
25772.50
16179.99
8081.48
1.46
4
Agri + Goat
Agriculture with 7 goats
17078.47
25921.41
27021.56
9943.09
1100.15
1.04
5
Agri + Horticulture
Agriculture and 45 trees
16257.36
31769.80
35113.77
18856.40
3343.97
1.11
6
Agri + Sericulture
50 of Eggs Clusters
19495.21
27487.82
20015.84
520.63
-7471.98
0.73
Table 8 : Returns per Unit of selected enterprise under different Farming Systems (Value in Rs.)
Sr. No
Farming System
Cost C
Gross Return
Net Return at Cost A
Net Return at Cost B
Net Return at Cost C
18059.45
19710.79
21138.22
9882.65
3078.76
1427.42
10782.83
11700.35
13323.17
17086.20
6303.37
5385.84
3763.03
Per poultry bird
144.32
148.36
178.71
227.32
83.01
78.97
48.61
Per Goat
727.86
894.72
934.64
982.54
254.68
87.82
47.90
Per tree
100.67
192.99
202.87
272.84
172.17
79.85
69.97
10141.71
12998.45
13500.80
5746.29
-4395.42
-7252.16
-7754.51
Number of units
Cost A
Cost B
Per hectare
11255.57
Per milch animal
Agriculture 1
2
3
4
5
6
Dairy enterprise Poultry enterprise Goat enterprise
Horticultur e enterprise Sericulture enterprise
Per 100 Egg Cluster
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