Family Nursing

PHC II - LECTURE Promoting Family Health – Family Nursing Learning Outcomes: After discussions the student will be able to: 4. Identify the levels of clientele 5. Define the FAMILY 6. Describe the roles and functions of the family 7. Describe the different types of families 8. To acknowledge why family is considered as the unit of care 9. To recognize the developmental tasks and health tasks of the family 10.Describe the decision making in the family 11.Enumerate and apply the different steps in Decision Making

The nurses assess and plan health care for 3 types of clients; the individual, family and community. The beliefs and values of each person and the support he or she receives come in large part from the family and are reinforced by the community. Thus an understanding of family dynamics and the context of the community assists the nurse in planning care. When family is the client, the nurse determines the health status of the family and its individual members, the level of family functioning, family interaction patterns and the family strengths and weakness

I. Individual A unique being that is different from every human being with different genetic make-up, life expectancies and environmental interactions. A person’s identify encompasses the way the person interprets the environment or situation, directly affecting how the person thinks, feels and acts in any given situation. These are people who consult at the health center and receive health services Considered as the entry point in working

II. Family Basic social institution and the primary group in society Consists of those individuals, male or female, youth or adult, legally or not legally related, genetically or not genetically related who are considered by the others to represent their significant persons. According to MURDOK is a social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction.

F- father A - and M- mother I - implying the presence of children where L- love must prevail between me and Y- you

Two or more persons who have shared needs and goals who take each other into account in their actions and who thus are held together and set apart from others by virtue of their interactions. People who share common characteristics, developmental stage or common exposure to environmental factors and consequently common health problems

A group of people engage in multifaceted relationships sharing a common culture with the capacity to act collectively over a period of time. Group of people sharing common values and interests Regarded as an organism with its own stages of development.

Have awareness that “we are a community” Conservation of natural resources Recognition of and respect for the existence of subgroups Participation of subgroups in community affairs Preparation to meet crises Ability to problem-solve; communication through open channel Resources available to all Setting of disputes in legitimate mechanisms Participation of citizens in decision making Promotes high level wellness

Basic unit of care in community health nursing Number of persons joined together by bonds of marriage, blood or adoption Composed of “two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness is very important social institution that performs two major functions: 1. Reproduction 2. Socialization

Nursing that considers the health of the family as a unit in addition to the health of the individual family members. Is expressed in the family unit and its impact of the health, values and productivity of individual family members.

1. The family as a social group is universal and significant element in man’s social life. 2. It is the first social group to which the individual is exposed. 3. Family contact and relationships are repetitive and continuous. 4. The family is very close and intimate group

1. It is the setting of the most intense emotional experience during the lifetime of the individual- birth, childhood, puberty, adolescence, marriage and death. 2. The family affects the individual’s social values, disposition and outlook in life. 3. The family has the unique position of serving as a link between the individual and larger society. 4. The family is also unique in providing continuity of social life.

1. Nuclear family A family structure of parents and their offspring. Also known as primary or elementary family

2. Extended family Compose of relatives of nuclear families, such as grandparents or aunts and uncles. 3. Traditional family Is viewed as autonomous unit in which both parents reside in the home with their children, the mother often assuming the nurturing role and the father providing the necessary economic resources.

4. Two- career family In two career or dual career families, both partners are employed. They may or may not have children. Finding good quality, affordable child care is one of the greatest stresses faced by working parents. 5. Single- Parent family Single parenthood includes death of spouse, separation, divorce, birth of a child to an unmarried woman, or adoption of a child by a single man or woman.

6. Adolescent family Young parents that are often developmentally, physically, emotionally and financially ill prepared to undertake the responsibility of parenthood. 7. Foster family A family with or without their own children may house more than one foster child at a time or different children over many years. Children can no longer live with their birth parents may require placement with a family that has agreed to include them temporarily.

8. Blended family Existing family units who join together to form new families. Also called as step or reconstituted families. 9. Intragenerational family Children continually live with their parents even after having their own children or the grand parents may move in with their grown children’s families after some years of living apart.

10. Cohabitating family Also called as communal families Consists of unrelated individuals or families who live under one roof Reasons for cohabitating maybe need for companionship, a desire to achieve a sense of family, testing a relationship or commitment or sharing expenses and household management

11. Gay and Lesbian family Homosexual adults may form gay and lesbian families based on the same goals of caring and commitment seen in heterosexual relationship. Children raised in these family units develop sex role orientation and behavior similar to children in the general population. 12. Single adults living alone Individuals who live by themselves represent a significant portion of today’s society. Older adults may find themselves single through divorce, separation or death of a spouse.

Recognizing interruptions of health or development. Seeking health care Managing Health and non- health crises Providing nursing care to the sick, disabled and dependent member of the family. Maintaining a home environment conductive to good health and personal development. Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community and health and institutions.

1. Beginning family  Establishing a mutually satisfying marriage  Planning to have or not have children 2. Childbearing family  Having and adjusting to infant  Support needs of all three members  Renegotiating marital relationship

3. Family with pre- school children Adjusting to cost of family life Adapting to needs of pre-school children to stimulate growth and development Coping and parental loss of energy and privacy 4. Family with school age children Adjusting to the activity of growing children Promoting joint decision making between children and parents. Encouraging and supporting children’s educational achievements.

5. Family with teenagers and young adults  Maintaining open communication among members. Supporting ethical and moral values within the family. Balancing freedom with responsibility of teenagers. Releasing young adults with appropriate rituals and assistance Strengthening marital relationship. Maintaining supportive home base

6. Post- parental family Preparing for retirement Maintaining ties with younger and older generations. 7. Aging family Adjusting to retirement Adjusting to loss of spouse Closing family house

I. Primary Prevention (Promotive and Preventive)  Generalized health promotion and specific protection against disease. It precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to generally healthy individuals or groups  The nurse intervenes with person who have no symptoms at the time of the intervention but who are at risk for developing behaviors that could decrease their health.

Examples: Health education about injury and poisoning prevention, standards of nutrition and of growth and development for each stage of life, exercise requirements, stress management, protection against occupational hazards Immunization Risk assessments for specific disease Family planning services Environmental sanitation and provision of adequate housing, recreation and work conditions

Emphasizes early detection od disease, prompt intervention, and health maintenance for individuals experiencing health problems. Includes preventions of complications and disabilities The nurse identifies risk factors in a person’s lifestyle that affect physical or mental health; explores the significance of these factors with the person and assist the individual to minimize these risks through education, counseling and treatment.

Examples: Screening surveys and procedures of any type Encouraging medical and dental check-ups Teaching self-examination for breast and testicular cancer Assessing growth and development for children Nursing assessment and care provided to prevent complications

I. Tertiary Prevention ( Rehabilitative)  Begins after an illness, when a defect or disability is fixed, stabilized or determined to be irreversible.  Its focus is to help rehabilitate individuals and restore them to an optimum level of functioning within the constraints of the disability  Nurse’s role is to facilitate any adaptive response to illness/stressors; emphasize use of coping mechanisms

Examples: Referring a client who has had a colostomy to a support group Teaching a client who has diabetes to identify and prevent complications. Referring a client with a spinal cord injury to a rehabilitation center to receive training that will maximize use of remaining abilities Facilitates the grieving process in a severely depressed individual Teaches range of motion exercises to a person who has experienced a stroke

Family may contribute knowingly or unknowingly to the development of health and nursing problems of its members. Family performs a health promoting, health maintaining and disease preventing activities. Family provides unfailing nursing care particularly to the chronically ill members. Family is the source of the most solid support to its members, particularly to the young, elderly and disabled.

Husband and wife are working abroad. More women work outside home. Husbands stay at home and perform the tasks that were traditionally for women. Both husband and wife working outside and still the wife will be the one doing the household chores.

Increase number of single parent, blended family and extended family Migration and urbanization which results to housing shortage, overcrowding and poor environment sanitation which resulted to health problems