Diet During Infancy

Diet during infancy

OBJECTIVES:

>Provide nutritional base for rapid growth and development of the child during the 1st year of life. >Establish the foundation for good food habits and

infancy(0-12 months)

Period of transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life and to a state of relative physiologic independence. >child is entirely dependent for its survival on the care and feeding provided by mother. >Rapid growth and development and maturation of oral, fine and motor skills >Requirements for CHON, energy and other essential nutrients are higher per unit of BW than any other time in childhood >

characteristics of the normal and full term infant Baby doubles BW by 6mos of age, triples within 1st year. >Infants increases their length by 50% during the 1st year and double it by 4years of age. ØTotal body fat increases rapidly during the first 9mos of life. Øtotal body water decreases from 70% at birth to 60% at 1yr. ØNewborn infant has functional but physiologically immature kidney that gradually increases in size and capacity to concentrate. ØIron concentration is almost double that of adult. ØBones are poorly mineralized due to lower concentration of calcium and phosphorus >

>High concentrations of high water

soluble vit and normal amounts of fat soluble vit except Vit.K >Stomach capacity of infant increases from 20-30ml at birth to 200ml by 1 year of age. >Presence of three vital mechanism for him to meet his nutrient requirement: *Rooting reflex *sucking reflex, *and swallowing

nutritional requirements •Baby doubles BW by 6mos of age, triples within 1styear(infants nutrient requirements higher per unit BW than those of older of older children and adults) •Growth rate vary from child to child(Nutritional needs depend largely on growth rate)

energy >FUEL for maintenance of body functions and provides for activity and growth. >at birth a baby requires about 350-500calories (in one year from 800-1200calories; 120cal/kg body weight from 2nd - 7th month;100cal/kg from 7th – 12th month) >1st year: 98-108 calories/kg BW Basis: breast milk or formula

protein

>allowances of 1.52.5gm/kg/day(6mos.) >1.5-2gm/kg/day(6-12mos) >CHON requirements higher per kg BW that adults or older infants due to rapid growth. >AA for synthesis of new tissues and nitrogen for maturation of existing tissues; needed for growth and tissue replacement.

fat/lipid

>40-50% of energy consumed during infancy needed as concentrated calorie source to fuel infant’s rapid growth and development >the suitable quantity of fat is supplied in quantities of milk which furnish the required amounts of proteins. >whole cow’s milk contains satisfactory level of essential fatty acids, linoleic acid required by

carbohydrates

> Allowance of 1/10 ounce/lb. of body weight=1ounce/10 oz. Of milk is prescribed that is equals one% of the BW. >1/3 of CHO should be derived from the milk of the mixture. >30-60% of energy intake, lactose in milk. >1styr- CHO is given in the form of starch cereal and milk reduced

water >the essential component of body structure and a solvent fro minerals and other physiologically important compounds >transport nutrients to and waste produces from cells, help regulate body temperature >1.5ml water/calorie/day(same ratio of water in calorie found in human milk and formulas)

vitamins

>it is desirable to administer tomato/orange juice whether the baby is breastfed or formula-fed. >Vit.D supplement(2000iu daily) >Do not give excessive Vit A(liver damage and bone abnormality) >Vit K given as injection at birth

minerals

>calcium needs greatest during period of rapid growth, estimated to contain27gm. >Iron to maintain Hgb(stores until 4-6mos old) >Iron fortified formulas at 6mos(6mg/day at 1st 6mos10mg/day til 3yrs old) >Zinc (human milk) >flouride(4-1000mg/day)

breastfeeding

>has physiologic and psychologic value for mother and child >offered about 2hours in 1st several weeks(decrease as infants grows) >Infant is getting sufficient nutrient if: >6 or more wet diapers/day >1-2 mustard color BM/day >breast becomes less full during nursing

bottle feeding