False Ceiling.pdf

FALSE CEILING •A false ceiling is a ceiling made beneath the main ceiling of the room or building. •It is a second layer of roof suspended from the main roof with the help of metal or wooden frame. • It is also known as dropped ceiling. ADVANTAGES OF FALSE CEILING: •provides a smooth homogeneous surface to the roof. •provides fire protection as it creates compartmentation. •False ceiling helps in acoustical treatment. •It conceals all the non-pleasing elements and hides it from the viewer’s eyes. •Improve aesthetics MATERIALS USED FOR FALSE CEILING . The most commonly used false ceiling materials are •gypsum boards •Plaster of Paris (POP)

OTHER MATERIALS USED ARE •Metal ( aluminium, Asbestos) •Mineral wool board •Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) •UPVC •Wood •Polystyrene •Glass •Acrylic

EVOLUTION JAPAN (1337- 1573) DROPPED CEILING PURPOSE:- ASTHETICS

LONDON (1573) DROPPED CEILING BLACK FRAIRS THEATRE PURPOSE:- ACOUSTICS DROPPED CEILING

24 OCTOBER 1950 GRID SYSTEM CONCEPT USE- INTERLOCKING TILES KEY TILES:- PROVISE ACCESS FOR REPAIR OR INSPECTION BY REMOVING THE ONE TILE AT ONE TIME UNTIL THE DESIRED PLACE OF ACCESS WAS REACHED.

GRID SYSTEM CONCEPT

8 SEPTEMBER 1958 DONALD A. BROWN ( WESTLAKE) ACCESSIBLE SUSPENDED CEILING CONSTRUCTION SUSPENDED CEILING

TYPES OF FALSE CEILING •EXPOSED STRUCTURAL:- timber ,trusses uses:- industrial , warehouse • A ceiling in which all the structural and mechanical systems are left exposed, either in their natural state or painted.

•TIGHTELY ATTACHED:attached directly to the joints or slabs SIZES:width =23¾" and 47¾" length= from 2' to 8’ Material: gypsum and plasterboard Ease of Installation Maximize Ceiling Height Easy Access to Plumbing and Electrical No Rust or Water Damage

SUSPENDED SUSPENDED FROM THE STRUCTURE -Generally by wires MATERIAL – drywall, plaster, fibrous ( acoustics) •Used at commercial and residential buildings. •Metal grid systems suspended below the ceiling using a series of wires. •The grid is then filled in with ceiling tiles.

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1. boards 2 .Ceiling channel section 50mm x 27mm x 0.6mm to form grid at 610mm x 1220mm spacing 3 .Mild steel angle 50mm x 30mm x 0.6mm thick 4 .M4 self-tapping screws at nominal 200mm centres 5 .Recessed light fitting

6. access panel with edge reinforced by 0.6mm thick G.I. channel 7 .M6 steel anchor bolt at nominal 500mm centres

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SECTION AT AA Access panel

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SECTION AT BB Recessed light fitting detail

EXPOSED GRID •consist of long metal strips, called "mains. • Interconnected with shorter metal pieces "tees." •grid system of 2' by 2' or 2' by 4' squares, which are then filled with acoustical ceiling tiles. 1.ceiling panels THK.=6mm SIZE= 1195mm x595mm or 595mm x 595mm 2. main tees at 600mm centres 3 GI wire hangers or steel angles Min. 2mm dia., at max. 1220mm centres 4 Mineral wool 30mm x 60 kg/m3 fitted between the tees, only required for 1 hour fire protection 5 Structural steel beam 6 Concrete floor slab

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CONCEALED GRID •use the acoustical tiles to hide the grid. • This creates a smooth, clean . • This type of system is more expensive than an exposed system, and can make it difficult for maintenance personnel to access areas above the ceiling. 1 boards, 12mm thick 2 Mineral wool, raw density ≥ 45 kg/m3, 50mm thick 3 Ceiling channel section 50mm x 27mm x 0.6mm at 610mm x 1220mm spacing 4 M4 self-tapping screws at nominal 200mm centres 5 Hanger rod at 1220mm centres 6 Structural steel beam 7 Concrete floor slab

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SUSPENDED CEILING

PLENUM This space above the suspended ceiling is called a plenum space. this is typically used as a space in which to locate HVAC ductwork, sprinkler pipes, recessed lighting fixtures, electrical conduit, and other systems components

GYPSUM FALSE CEILING

GYPSUM FALSE CEILING •consists of gypsum boards which are fixed over a •support system of GI framework. • GYPSUM PANEL CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL = hydrated calcium silicate THICKNESS=9mm, 12.5mm and 15mm SIZES =width= 48” length = 8,10,12,or 14 feet long

FURRING CHANNEL

INTERMEDIATE CHANNEL

PERIMETER CHANNEL

CEILING ANGLE

GLASS FIBRE TAPE lengths=90 meters width= 50 mm

GLASS WOOL Used for thermal insulation of external walls & ceiling.

LAYOUT FOR GYPSUM CEILING

INSTALLATION METHOD

The different parts of the supporting system areSTEP:-1 · GI suspenders, fixed onto the slab by soffit cleat. · The suspenders are then fixed onto the Primary channel, which is at 1200mm C/C in either direction. STEP:-2 · Secondary channels are screwed onto the primary channel.

STEP:-3 · The gypsum boards are screwed onto these ceiling sections with self taping screws. · The joints of the gypsum boards are finished with a special paper tape over which jointing compound is applied (3 coats of increasing widths of 150mm,300mm and 450mm), to prevent the formation of cracks. · These joints are finally sanded well and the board is painted over using normal emulsion paint

POP FALSE CEILING

•FIRST USED IN 1700S IN PARIS .

COMPANIES OF POP •Gyproc POP CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL •Mada •MIXTURE OF CALCINED GYPSUM •Cerelex (CALCIUM SULPHATE DEHYDRATE), SAND AND WATER •Gypsum india •WHEN THESE INGREDIENTS ARE MIXED TOGETHER AND •Uman THE PAST IS ALLOWED TO DRY. • IT FORMS A TOUGH COATING

POP SHEETS THICKNESS :- 10,12,14 MM SIZES:- 6X4 FEET 2X3 FEET SUSPENSION MATERIAL : ALUMINUM AND GALVONIZED IRON OR WOOD.

PROCESS OF MAKING POP SHEETS

INSTALLATION METHOD STEP :-1

•FIXING THE FRAME WORK DIRECTLY TO THE BEAM •FIXING THE ALUMINUM OR WOODEN FRAMEWORK INTO THE EXISTING CEILING. •SUPPORTS WITH A SPACING OF 40 CM

STEP 2:•FIXING A SUSPENDED FRAME WORK TO A PLASTERED CEILING fix the supports at some height using screws and plugs

FRAME WORK

STEP:- 3 FIXING VERTICAL STRUTS fix the struts with a spacing of 60 cm. STEP:-4 FIXING THE WALL SUPPORTS AND FRAMEWORK MEMBERS STEP:-5 APPLY THE INSULATION The insulation panels are fitted over the framework members. STEP:-6 •FIX THE FIRST ROW OF CEILING PANEL •Use 25mm plasterboard with a spacing b/w screws of 20 cm. •8mm expansion gap b/w the panels later covered with finishing tape.

CEILING PANELS STEP:-7 FINISHING THE JOINTS Fill the gap with grouting paste and a putty knife Dry for 24 hours, apply the second layer if necessary

DETAIL OF POP WITH COVE LIGHTING

BENEFITS OF POP CEILING •smooth, matte finish to the interior ceiling. •can be cast into any shape. •used to highlight ceiling light fixtures. •commonly used to conceal air conditioning ducts. •used to cover ugly beams running across the ceiling. Plaster of Paris can gel with other materials like glass and wood to provide you a composite ceiling.

WOODEN FALSE CEILING

Bespoke WOOD Canopy with WOOD Veneer US Walnut, Plain, Vector Planks, 600x 1200 mm

WOOD Veneer Bamboo, Concealed Planks

WOOD Veneer , Vector Planks

RETAIL WOOD Veneer Bamboo, Concealed Planks

OFFICE •acoustic environment •visual effect needed for a truly prestige interior.

•define spaces and •create warmth and ambience •controlling noise levels for a superior shopping experience.

BENEFITS OF WOODEN FALSE CEILING •Style and elegance for any interior •Wide choice of real wood veneer finishes and •Meet all performance requirements •Easy-plan, easy-fit grid system solutions •Natural materials – solvent-free and fully recyclable at the end of life

TRANSPORT

EDUCATION

CONCEALED SYSTEM NEED TO CREATE A CLEAN SEAMLESS APPEARANCE USING STANDARD PANELS AND GRID,

INSTALLATION •Standard Concealed Wood panels are simply fixed directly to our Main Runner and Cross-T grid using special T-bar hooks to give a monolithic appearance BENEFITS •Clean monolithic appearance •Multiple layout options •Large panel sizes (up to 2400mm) •Safe and secure downward accessibility •Narrow 6 mm reveal, plus edge banding

Plain 600 x 1200 x 17 mm Plain 600 x 1800 x 17 mm Plain 600 x 2400 x 17 mm Rg 3003 600 x 1200 x 17 mm Rg 3003 600 x 1800 x 17 mm Rg 3003 600 x 2400 x 17 mm Rg 8013 600 x 1200 x 17 mm Rg 8013 600 x 1800 x 17 mm Rg 8013 600 x 2400 x 17 mm Lg 8002 Grooves 600 x 1200 x 17 mm Lg 8002 Grooves 600 x 1800 x 17 mm Lg 8002 Grooves 600 x 2400 x 17 mm

VECTOR SYSTEM VECTOR SYSTEM BENEFITS •Narrow 6 mm reveal that gives a sleek monolithic look •Distinctive ceiling finishing •Available in planks, for a modern aesthetic solution •Different panel sizes can be integrated in the same ceiling space, for a true flexibile ceiling solution APPLICATION AREA Used in a variety of ceiling areas: entrance halls, lounge areas, executive office suites, meeting and conference rooms

MICROLOOK SYSTEM MICROLOOK SYSTEM BENEFITS •Easy to install and access for service •Flexible designs: mix and match panel sizes •Range of prestige real wood veneer or durable •economical laminated finishes APPLICATION AREA Used in a variety of ceiling areas: from reception areas to retail stores and designer boutiques

WOOD Veneer Mahogany, Micro Look

METAL CEILINGS

METAL CEILINGS •grid system, makes easy integration of services such as lighting, sprinklers and air grilles. •Special options for signature spaces, e.g. Curved metal ceilings, Open Cell ceilings and Mesh lay-in panels . Metal ceilings are ideal for - Modern work spaces - Break out zones in offices - Clean rooms - Kitchens - Hospitals and - Transportation

METAL CEILINGS TILES

STEEL MATERIAL 600 x 600 mm. •zinc coated steel, 300 x 300 mm.. •aluminum or stainless steel. 300 x 1200 mm... 600 x 1200 mm..

-CHARACTERISTICS Plain, monolithic surface - Minimum plenum clearance - Choice of dimensions - Easy to clean - Swing down option for easy access

ALUMINIUM 600 x 600 mm.. 300 x 300 mm. 300 x 1200 mm.. 600 x 1200 mm.

ALUMINIUM FALSE CEILINGS Weight The lightness of aluminium (its weight is 60% of steel) allows fast and easy installations. Easy to place and to stock. Fire reaction Aluminium does not react to fire or produce dangerous gaseous emissions for steel and for aluminium. Aesthetic Polyester painting allows a wide range of colours; different solutions, such as strips and panels, can be provided. Colour Range Metal screen products are available in a broad range of colours. Corrosion resistant, dirt repellent, extremely durable and avoids the products yellowing. Washable Aluminium ceilings can be easily washed assuring the complete removal of dust and bacteria. Germproof - Aseptic. Maintenance cost Ceilings are produced in modules so that only the damaged parts can be substituted. Easy to Cut - Easy to mould -Long lasting. Acoustic absorption Aluminium can be coupled with different materials in order to obtain an excellent acoustic absorbtion. Stop fiberglass - Stop mineral fiber - Stop gypsum board.

ALUMINIUM FALSE CEILINGS

Corrosion resistance Has excellent corrosion resistance provided by the paints and the specific chemical properties of aluminium. Still life warrantee - Corrosion proof. Humidity Aluminium ceilings do not absorb nor produce humidity, allowing you to live, work, and study in healthy environment. Healthy - Don’t release pollution into the air. Recycling Aluminium is 100% recyclabe. Recycled aluminium maintains the same mechanical properties as primary aluminium. Effort the future world. Chrome-free The production process is environmental friendly and uses totally Chrome-free pre treatment. No asbestos No mineral fibers. Freight charges Reduced cost of transport - Light weight less incidence of freight charges respect any other kind of false ceilings in the market.

METAL PLANKS METAL PLANKS SIZES: 900 mm and 3000mm. •The concealed appearance of planks minimises the visibility of the grid making for a smooth or contiguous Appearance. STEEL 300 x 1200 mm . 300 x 2400 mm .. 300 x 3000 mm ..

ALUMINIUM 300 x 1200 mm ... 300 x 2400 mm 300 x 3000 mm

CELLIO :- OPEN METAL CEILING INSTALLATION •15 mm exposed grid system. •makes integration of services such as lighting, sprinklers.

•ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE SIZES

• The monolithic appearance of CELLIO is achieved by the integration of the grid into the ceiling design. • CELLIO is particularly ideal for refurbishing projects where a 15 mm exposed grid is already in place or in large areas where a perfect cell alignment is required.

GRIDAL OPEN CELL

LAYOUT

• runners designed to interlock • with the open cell tiles. • 10 mm wide blade width, allows its Installation. • Gridal is offered in 75, 100, 150 and 200 mm cell sizes from which selection can be made to coordinate with room dimensions.

OPEN CELL OPEN CELL BENEFITS • Creates a modern, open look for a space • Variety of design options • 100% accessible to plenum (HVAC, lighting) • Helps mask the plenum • Lay-In system is fast and easy to install in standard Prelude 15 grid • Custom sizes and colours available APPLICATION AREA CELLIO is recommended for shops, supermarkets, shopping malls, entrance areas, airports, railway stations and showrooms.

MESH LAY-IN

•provides openness and beautiful aesthetics, BENEFITS SUCH AS - Ease of installation - Superior aesthetics and -Easy installation and Removal without tools,

•Mesh Lay-in panels are ideal for - Retail stores - Hospitality - Transportation and - Break out zones in offices

CONCAVE AND CONVEX METAL (CEILINGS LAYOTUT) USES - Modern work spaces Break out zones in offices - Clean rooms - Kitchens - Hospitals and - Transportation

•No visible grid for unique design solutions. •With benefits such as - Ease of installation - Superior aesthetics and - Easy to install and remove without tools - Rust-free performance,

SIZES:- ALUMINIUM CONCAVE 900 x 600 x 1 ALUMINIUM CONVEX 900 x 600 x 1 mm

RECTANGULAR PANELS / PLANKS - Hook-on BENEFITS • Versatile system and simple design • Concealed grid for a monolithic effect • Good acoustic properties • Ease of installation (alignment) and and fully demountable • Easy access to the ceiling void • Maintenance friendly system APPLICATION AREA Suitable for large open plan / circulation areas. TARTAN GRID - Clip-in & Hook-on BENEFITS • Solution for square and/or rectangular room partitioning • Grid can be emphasised by using contrasting colours • Decorative solutions achieved through a variety of panel design options . APPLICATION AREA Ideal for breaking up large spaces.

SQUARE & RECTANGULAR TILES CLIP IN BENEFITS • Concealed grid system for a monolithic ceiling surface • Downwardly demountable with the use of an extractor tool and provides full access to the ceiling void (ventilation duct, electrical lines etc.) • Cost effective APPLICATION AREA Used in a variety of ceiling areas: from small service rooms to large commercial office buildings and major transportation terminals.

VERTICAL BAFFLES - Hook-on

BENEFITS • Ideal combination of high sound absorption and attractive design • Versatile secondary support grid • Attractive solution for large-scale buildings • Easy service integration (ventilation, lighting, sprinkler) between baffles APPLICATION AREA Suitable for busy open plan spaces such as entrance halls, airports, waiting areas, meeting rooms, restaurants or multi purpose spaces and is also suitable for retrofitting.

CLIP IN

HOOK0N

the design ceilings of the new railway station in the Dutch city of Delft It is a huge wavy, ceiling with a surface area of 7,700 square meters, made of aluminium beams, with a historical city map of Delft from 1877 printed on it.

CEILINGS PANELS MM 600x600 WITH SHADOW JOINT GAP CLIP-IN CONCEALED SYSTEM

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WASHABLE • DUST-PROOF • RESISTANT TO DAMPNESS AND ATMOSPHERIC ELEMENTS • CORROSION PROOF • SCRATCH PROOF SHADOW JOINT GAP

PLAIN BORDER mm. 100

• PERFECT STABILITY AND PLANARITY OF THE FALSE CEILINGS SYSTEM - SAFETY • TORSION PROOF - HEAVY WEIGHTS

CONCEALED CLIP-IN PANELS PANELS BEVELLED CLOSED JOINT

• PERFECT STABILITY AND PLANARITY OF THE FALSE CEILINGS SYSTEM - SAFETY • TORSION PROOF - HEAVY WEIGHTS • QUICK INSTALLATION

PVC FALSE CEILING: PVC ceiling system is • light in weight, • moisture resistant and • reduces condensation and • The cleanable, non-absorbent surface will not discolour. PVC ceiling systems solves the problem of dirty, unhygienic ceilings that are difficult, and expensive to clean by providing a bright, durable and hygienic surface, which is easily maintained. they are waterproof, termite proof, fire retardant, economical, maintenance free, being non-porous and non-absorbent, can incorporate flush fitting, lighting, air vents and sprinklers easy to install & available in various colours shades & no hassles of painting & polishing. Width: 100mm,150mm,200mm,250mm,300mm Thickness: 6mm,7mm,7.5mm,8mm,9mm,10mm,12mm Length: As per customer requirement PVC Content: 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 65% Design: Normal printing, hot transfer printing, lamination • Easy to place PRICE-100-300/SQ.FT regular pvc panels' sizes range from 4.5mm to 10mm • Durable COMPANIES: A.D. GLOBAL SYNERGIES • Crack resistant TREE PARK WPC, Dhabriya Polywood Ltd.

INSTALLATION OF PVC CEILING TILE

These ceiling tiles are designed to be dropped into an existing ceiling grid system. When it is necessary to cut the tiles to fit existing openings, follow the following steps: Step 1. Measure your ceiling grid opening. Be sure to measure from inside to inside, then deduct 1/8" from your results. This will allow the tile to slip into the grid with ease. Step 2. Lay the tile on a clean and smooth surface and mark off your measurements on the back of the tile. Use a straight edge (preferably metal) as a guide for a sharp razor tool. Cut the tile, a couple of passes maybe required. Step 3. Drop the cut tile into your grid system.

PURPOSE OF FALSE CEILING IN COMMERCIAL SPACES

It improves aesthetical appearance ( form, color, treatment etc.) & proportions by managing room – heights basically and remaining are as follows: • Hides ducting & reduces the volume of room Ugly structural members like beams, etc that usually spoil the ‘look’ of the room are concealed. • Provides insulation from heat. • Acoustical improvement. • As a design element to create various shapes and curves. • Fire safety is always a factor in several industrial buildings, ceiling tiles made from mineral fibres or fire-rated wood panels can be used within the construction to meet acceptable standards and ratings. Differing levels of fire protection are obtained from the various types of ceiling available. • Anti-microbial performance. The control of bio-contamination is essential in healthcare settings such as hospitals and large commercial kitchens • Light reflectance. A ceiling with that reflects more light can reduce lighting and electricity costs. • To accommodate lighting systems. to provide lighting effects such as hidden lighting etc • Soil resistance and cleanability. Environments that are subject to a lot of dirt such as certain manufacturing buildings may need ceilings that can resist dirt and are easy to clean. • At some places to hide ugly trusses(commonly known as attic) • Sound proof rooms such as meeting rooms, conference rooms, etc, which require a quit environment. • Echo reduction in cinema and concert halls • Sound absorbtion reduces noises and reduces reverberation with in the area covered by the ceiling.

HOW FALSE CEILING DESIGN CAN AFFECT THEIR SPACE The concept of false ceiling or dropped ceiling in Interior design can be dated from as early as the 14th century. Ini- tially it was developed with regards to providing good acoustics, until eighty to ninety years ago, suspended ceilings were added function to hide HVAC ducts, pipes, structural elements, lighting systems and other technical aspects routed along the ceiling. This application of design sensibility now has transformed into an aesthetic feature to what some architects call “the fifth wall”—the ceiling plane- and, as important as the material, are also features like the use of color, texture, and form. Here are a few important points that can help the user understand how false ceiling design can affect their space : 1) The form and design: Depending on the design, the form of the false ceiling can be a reflection of the furniture layout or the space designed below making it one with the co-existing planes. Also, making the base ready for the lighting design. Hence it can give a room a unique, inimitable and individual character that also leaves an indelible impression in the minds of those who step in as it binds the areas together. 2) Volume of the space: False ceiling can directly affect the size of your space, depending on how low or high it is. Apart from a few design decisions and the aim of hiding structural offsets, it is always advised not to have a very low false ceiling, unless required, which could reduce the total height of the space making is look small and cramped. Proportions should be critically analyzed.

3) Creating an ambiance: Lighting is the most crucial element of interior design that creates an ambiance required as per the function of a space. This can be achieved by the combination of direct and indirect lighting. False ceiling creates a great platform for the permutation and combination of achieving a desired ambiance. 4) Materials, colors and textures: Considering the characteristics and the feasibility, gypsum and POP ( plaster of Paris ) are the most widely used false ceiling materials. Yet, modern ceilings can do a whole lot more than just provide a plain white roof. Like any other space in the house, false ceiling also can be accentuated using various materials, colors and textures. 5) Material combinations to accentuate your ceiling: Wooden ceiling Along with the basic gypsum or POP boards, wooden ceilings create a great contrast. Plywoodwith laminate or polished veneers can easily be used in the ceiling. Glass ceiling As of wood, frosted glass, stained glass, mirrors etc is also a beautiful way to manifest and articulate the fifth wall. Glass, for its obvious properties, gives the liberty to create a play of lights.

TRAP DOOR •sliding or hinged door, flush with the surface of a floor, roof, or ceiling, or in the stage of a theatre. ACCESS DOOR A small door in a wall, floor or ceiling used to gain access to equipment.

SIZE 600 X 600 mm 1200 X 600mm ADVANTAGES : • Optimum air tightness • Thermal and sound insulation • Patented opening/closing system

USE • Ceiling trap door providing access to the attic. The trap door can be made lockable

COMPANIES /MATERIAL SUPPLIERS: • • • • • • • •

Gypsum boards- India Gypsum PVT. Limited Aluminium metal panels- LUXALON, Vista, LEVOLOR Fibreboard and mineral board panels Armstrong, INARCO limited, ARK international, Modern Plasta Corporation POP- Eternit Everest limited PVC and UPVC- Beasal Polytech India Pvt. Ltd, Model Interiors , Poly Extrusions (India) Private Limited

DISADVANTAGES OF FALSE CEILINGS: •

The most worrying aspect of having a false ceiling would be pests. They can get through into the space between and can start their own breeding which might lead to a lot of trouble. • Also be careful while putting up decorations or hangings while you have a false ceiling in place. Make sure you know the strength and durability, do's and don'ts with regard to your ceiling. • Lastly, the false ceiling would reduce the height of the ceiling considerably and hence do not install false ceiling unless you have a decent ceiling height.

CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMEDATIONS: Exposed grid systems are a simple, quick and cost-effective way of installing a ceiling to your office, factory or shop. These systems allow easy access to the ceiling space for associated trade work such as electrical and air conditioning which will ensure you get the best price for your overall fit out. Fire safety is always a factor, ceiling tiles made from mineral fibers or fire-rated wood panels can be used within the construction to meet acceptable standards and ratings. These same tiles can provide the needed additional resistance to meet the "time rating" required for various fire code, city ordinance, commercial, or other similar building construction regulations. Wiring and piping installed behind traditional plaster or wallboard ceilings is extremely difficult to modify once the finished ceiling is in place. Wires must either be fished through hollow spaces in the walls behind, or the ceiling must be demolished in order for wiring or piping changes to be made. In business, the suspended ceiling is often used with hollow steel studs to construct small office spaces out of a much larger space. Wiring and other services are run through the open ceiling, down through the hollow stud walls, and to outlets in the work areas. If business needs change, the office spaces are easily dismantled and the overall space is reconfigured with a different floor plan.