Extraction Of Iron

Prepared By Des Raj Soni Veerpal Kaur

7th 7th 8th

Under Guidance Of Mr. Pankaj Rai Mittal

(Student Trainer)

Mr. Parmod Kumar Dhir (Teacher Trainer) Mrs. Suman Sharma

(Science Mistress)

Govt. Sen.Sec. School Rorikapura (Faridkot) 2006

EXTRACTION OF IRON IRON: - it is about 21% of total metal of earth’s crust and 6.2% of total elements. It belongs to transition group of the periodic table. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8,8,6,2.

1)

Important ores of ion 1 Haematite 2 Magnetite 3 Limonite 4 Iron Pyrites 5 Sidrite

2)

Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Fe2O3 , 3H2O FeS2 FeCO3

Extraction of iron: -Cast iron is extracted from

hematite. It

involves following steps:

1

Concentration of ore: - First of all ore is crushed into minute

particles and the crushed ore is concentrated by gravity separation method.. 2 Calcination: - Concentrated ore is calcinated in a furnace. During calcinations moisture is removed. Impurities like Sulphur changes into sulphur dioxide and Arsenic oxide (AS2O3), phosphorus to phosphorous oxide (P4O10), all escape out in the form of gases. Fe2O3.3H2O → Fe2O3 + 3H2O 2FeCO3 → 2FeO + 2CO2 4Fe+3O2 → 2Fe2O3 It is due o the presence of some ferrous carbonate that iron changes into iron oxide. Ferrous carbonate which is present in some quantity in hematite not only oxidizes all other impurities into its oxides but also oxidized itself into iron oxide. 3 Smelting: - Iron oxide is reduced with carbon. Process of smelting is done is blast furnace which is shown in the figure Calcinated iron oxide is added in blast furnace along with coke. Coke serves as fuel as well as reducing agent. Lime is also added in the blast furnace which serves as flux. The following reactions take place in the furnace: (a) At the base of the furnace Coke reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide which moves up and lot of heat is produced. C + O2 → CO2 Coke Oxygen Carbon Oxide As the carbon dioxide moves upward it is brought in contact with coke and gets converted into carbon monoxide. CO2 + C → 2co Carbon Dioxide Coke Carbon Mono-Oxide At this zone temperature is 1475-1575k (b) In the middle of the furnace temperature is 1075 to 1275k. In this region calcium carbonate decomposes to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide so produced cobines with silica to form slag. CaCo3 → CaO + CO2 Calcium Carbonate Calcium Oxide Carbon-Dioxide CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 Calcium Oxide Silica Calcium –Silicate (Slag) (C) At the top portion of the furnace In the top portion of furnace the Iron (III) oxide react with carbon monoxide to give liquid iron which moves toward the button of furnace and settled there. This iron is called cast iron. Fe2o3 + 3CO → Fe + CO2 Ferric oxide Carbon monoxide Iron Carbon –dioxide

1. Science Books of Different Classes 2. Internet 3. Micro Soft Encarta 4. Other Books