Environment

Environment The surroundings of an organism that controls its normal life activities.It include biotic and abiotic factors.

Abiotic factors  Non living surroundings of organism that include  Air  Light  Water  Soil  Humidity  Temperature etc

Biotic factors     

Living surroundings-include Producers or plants Herbivores Different levels of carnivores Decomposers

Food chain&Food web  Food chain-linear arrangement of organisms through which energy is transferred from producers to different levels of consumers.  Food web-network of different food chains that naturally exists in ecosystem.

Pollution

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Undesirable change in the quality of any of the abiotic factors is called pollution. It can be Air pollution Water pollution Soil pollution Sound pollution Radiation pollution

Pollutant  Any agent that cause pollution is called pollutant.They may be  Degradable-pollutants of organic origin  Non-degradable like plastic,mercury,DDT etc.

Air pollutants        

Oxides of carbon Oxides of nitrogen SO2 Hydrocarbons CH4 CFC Ozone PAN

PAN & Smog  PAN-a group of nitrous compounds formed by the reaction between hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in presence of sunlight.  Smog-a combination of smoke and fog.

Greenhouse gases& Global warming

Global warming  Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation.  As a result of it The global average air temperature near the Earth's surface rose 0.74 ± 0.18 °C during the last 100 years .

Water pollution Main agents of water pollution Domestic wastes Agricultural waste Industrial effluents Thermal pollutants Oil spills

Agricultural waste& eutrophication  As a result of unscientific chemical fertilization PO4,SO4 salts increases in water bodies.  It causes the abundant growth of microscopic plants like algae leading to the depletion of oxygen in water.

Hydrological cycle

Types of Radiation    

Alpha (helium nucleus) Beta (electrons) Neutron (nuclear fission only) X-rays (energetic electromagnetic radiation)  Gamma (more energetic than X-rays)

Hazards of Radiation  Direct damage to organic molecules  Creation of reactive molecules and free radicals  DNA mutations  Birth Defects  Sterility  Cancer  Dangers of Radiation Types  Penetrating Ability  Ability to create electric charges (ionize)

Species and Population  Organism  Species: genetically similar organisms that reproduce  Population: all members of a species in an area

Population Growth  Biotic potential: maximum reproductive rate of an organism.