English Reviewer 2.docx

Chapter 1 Process of Communication Power of Communication a. Creation of things Through brief utterances God had created marvelous things including man in the following order (Gen. 1:1 – 29): day and night, the sky, the earth and the sea, plants, sun, moon and stars, birds, fishes, all kinds of animals and man. b. Attainment of Global Peace The meeting of all delegates of fifty allied nations on 25 April 1945 in San Francisco persuaded powerful nations like the United States, Great Britain, the United Soviet Social Republic, and China to agree on a proposal for a new international body known as the United Nations. c. Business Stability Such disseminated facts when felt doubtless may serve as bases of customers in patronizing the products and services of such institutions. Meaning of Business is an occupation, a trade, a commercial enterprise, a commercial pursuit or employment. Communication  -The word communication comes from the Latin word communico which means “I share”.  -(Sigband, 1984) is defined as complex process often involving reading, writing, speaking, and listening.  -A communication through letters is known as correspondence. In the holy scriptures, the letters written by the apostles are called epistles.  -Communication (Collier’s Encyclopedia, Vol. 7) is the transfer of information from person to person, creature to creature, or point to point. Business Communication -Business Communication is a complex process of information exchange involving ideas, situations, feelings, functions, resources, products and services for satisfaction of the parties concerned. Process of Communication  -Message  -Sender  -Channel  -Receiver  -Feedback Goals of Communication 1. To seek understanding The idea in the mind of the sender should correspond to the idea formed in the mind of the message receiver. 2. To Elicit Response It is not enough that the receiver understands the message, the most important is an action is undertaken for the message. 3. To Establish Good Will This tends to build mutual agreement, respect, cooperation and collaboration not only at present but also for future undertakings. Advantage of Printed Communication 1. may reach many people 2. provide lasting impact 3. ensured of their confidentiality 4. do not reveal the speech defect or hearing disability

Metacommunication Is a verbal message that although not expressed literally accompanies a message that may be translated literally. Kinesic Communication Is an idea expressed through nonverbal behavior, situation or actions. Anniversary Description 1st Paper 2nd Cotton 3rd leather 5th wood 10th aluminum 15th crystal 20th platinum 25th silver 30th pearl 35th jade 40th ruby 45th sapphire 50th gold 75th diamond Birthstone January February March April May June July August September October November December

- Garnet - Amethyst - Bloodstone or Aquamarine - Diamond - Emerald - Pearl or Alexandrite - Ruby - Sardonyx or Peridot - Sapphire - Opal or Tourmaline - Topaz - Turquoise or Zircon

Chapter 2 Writing Effectively Characteristics of Effective Letters 1. Correctness -No error fault, mistake or departure from truth. 2. Conciseness -Brief, short, or limited in words. 3. Completeness -This means perfectness, fullness or sufficiency of the letter as regards information and parts. 4. Courtesy -This is akin to acts or expressions that manifest politeness, civility, affability, urbanity, considerateness and respectfulness. 5. Visual Appeal -The worth of a letter may exceed even the value of the most expensive merchandise. 6. Tonal Approval -Statements may exude tense, hostility, artificiality, friendliness, neutrality, or sincerity of the communicator. Eliminating Weaknesses in Writing 1. Look for nouns and verbs 2. For Vocabulary 3. For Sentences

4. for content 5. for style 6. about weak phrase 7. about genderism 8. about wordy lines 9. about generality 10. about abstract line 11. split infinitives 12. sentence upgrading strategy 13. voice of the verb 14. writing numbers in document 15. dividing words and letter description 16. conversion of business to common time 17. gobbledygook Confusing use of Punctuation -Punctuation mark -refers to any of a group of conventional marks, as the period, comma, question mark and others that are used to clarify meanings by transferring to writing certain phenomena of speech not shown by the alphabet, as juncture, pauses, pitch and stress.  -Semicolon  -Colon  -Dash  -Hyphen  -Parenthesis  -Bracket

Metrication is a process of adopting a generally accepted measurement known as metric system. Metric system is a system of weights and measures based on decimals or units of 10 (collier’s encyclopedia vol. 16). QUANTITY length mass time electric current temperature luminous intensity amount of substance QUANTITY area volume frequency density velocity Angular velocity

NAME SYMBOL meter m gram g second s ampere A kelvin K candela cd mole mol NAME OF UNIT Square meter Cubic meter Hertz Kilogram per cubic meter Meter per second Radian per second

Acceleration Angular acceleration Volumetric flow rate Force Surface tension

Meter per second Radian per second squared Cubic meter per second Newton Newton per meter, joule per square meter Newton per square meter, pascal Newton-second per square meter, pascal second

pressure Viscosity, dynamic

Viscosity, kinematic Work, torque, energy, quantity of heat Power, heat flux Heat flux density Volumetric heat release rate Heat transfer coefficient Heat capacity(specific) Capacity rate Thermal conductivity Quantity of electricity Electromotive force Electric field strength Electrical resistance Electrical conductivity Electrical capacitance Magnetic flux inductance Magnetic permeability Magnetic flux density Magnetic field strength Magnetomotive force Luminous flux Luminance Illumination Activity of radionuclides absorbed

Meter squared per second Joule, newton meter, wattsecond Watt, joule per second Watt per square meter Watt per cubic meter Watt per square kelvin Joule per kilogram kelvin Watt per Kalvin Watt per meter kelvin coulomb volt Volt per meter ohm Ampere per volt meter farad weber Henry Henry per meter Tesla, weber per square meter Ampere per meter ampere lumen Car dela per square meter Lux, lumen per square meter Becquerel gray

LENGTH 1 inch = 254 centimeter 1 foot = 30 centimeter 1 yard = 90 meter 1 mile = 1,609 kilometers AREA 1 Square inch = 6.5 square centimeters 1 square foot = 0.09 square meter 1 square yard = 0.80 square meter 1 square mile = 2.6 square kilometers 1 acre = 0.40 hectare Volume 1 fluid ounce = 30 milliliters 1 pint = 0.47 liter 1 quart = 0.95 liter 1 gallon = 3.8 liters 1 cubic foot = 0.03cubic meter 1 cubic yard = 0.76 cubic meter MASS 1 ounce = 28 grams 1 pound = 0.45 kilogram 1 short ton = 0.90 metric ton Chapter 3 Structure of Letters and Documents Letters -Refers to a message in writing, which may be in any language or in code, contained in a sealed or unsealed envelope or not in an envelope at all, of such physical dimensions and weights Parts of the Letter

1. Heading (Letterhead) - contains the name of the institution represented by the writer. 2. Date (Dateline) - It specifies the day when the letter was written, not when the document was dispatched. 3. Inside Address - This usually contains the name position, business name and business address of the addressee. 4. Salutation - The greetings of the letter that provides a courteous opening. 5. Body of the Letter -It embodies the text of the message, usually the longest part of the letter. 6. Complementary -The farewell part of the letter which signals the ending of the message. 7. Subject Line -It states the topic that is further spelled out in the body of the letter 8. Attention Line - This part of the letter follows the inside address. The name mentioned immediately after the attention line is the final receiver of the letter. 9. Reference Initial -Reference Initial is an acronym, initial or code of all or any of the writer indicator or encoder of the letter. 10. Copy Furnish Notation -This shows that a copy of letter is being sent to another person other than the addressee. 11. Enclosure (Inclosure) -This part, if any, serves as a reminder to the receiver that an addition material is in the envelope. 12. Postscript (or PS Notation) -This part of the letter must be indicated to re-emphasize an important message and to call attention to some information the writer has forgotten to state in the body of the letter. 13. Through Line -This part appears in the letter if the sender is a subordinate who writes to a person higher in position than his immediate superior. 14. Addressee Line( “To” Line) -In memorandum, this part states the person whom the communication is addressed, similar to the address in a letter. 15. Sender Line (“From” Line) -In contains the position only of the person who issued the memorandum as shown above. The name only of the sender appears after the body. 16. Notation Line -It is indicated below the signature block which means that the instrument is made known or consented by a person higher in rank than the sender. Addressees 1. Civilian Persons 2. Religion Officials 3. Government Officials 4. School Officials 5. Military Personnel