English 4 Project

ELECTRIC FAN

A fan is a powered machine used to create flow within a fluid, typically a gas such as air. A fan consists of a rotating arrangement of vanes or blades which act on the air. The rotating assembly of blades and hub is known as an impeller, a rotor, or a runner. Usually, it is contained within some form of housing or case.[1] This may direct the airflow or increase safety by preventing objects from contacting the fan blades. Most fans are powered by electric motors, but other sources of power may be used, including hydraulic motors, hand cranks, internal combustion engines, and solar power.

Mechanically, a fan can be any revolving vane or vanes used for producing currents of air. Fans produce air flows with high volume and low pressure (although higher than ambient pressure), as opposed to compressors which produce high pressures at a comparatively low volume. A fan blade will often rotate when exposed to an air fluid stream, and devices that take advantage of this, such as anemometers and wind turbines, often have designs similar to that of a fan.

Parts and Functions     

Base. Supports the entire mechanism. Usually where you will find the on-off switch (regulator), which may have 2 or 3 optional speeds - low, medium, and high. Motor Housing. Contains the electric motor - the rotor to which the blade assembly is attached. Blade/Impeller assembly. Cuts the air and pushes it forward. Blade guard. Prevents curious fingers or kitty cats from suffering injury. Power cord with plug. Connects to your home’s electric service power supply. Some are grounded (3 pins) and/or polarized (one blade wider than the other) some are not.

How to use electric fan? 1. Find the plug and plug it to the nearest outlet. 2. Press the ON switch. 3. Then select what speed of the fan from numbers 1 to 3.

WATER DISPENCER

A water cooler, also known as water dispenser, is a device that cools and dispenses water with a refrigeration unit, commonly located near the restroom due to closer access to plumbing. A drain line is also provided from the water cooler into the sewer system. Water coolers come in a variety of form factors, ranging from wall-mounted to bottle filler water cooler combination units, to bi-level units and other formats. They are generally broken up in two categories: point-of use (POU) water coolers and bottled water coolers. POU Water coolers are connected to a water supply, while bottled water coolers require delivery (or self-pick-up) of water in large bottles from vendors. Bottled water coolers can be top-mounted or bottom-loaded, depending on the design of the model. Bottled water coolers typically use 5 or 10-gallon dispensers commonly found on top of the unit. Pressure coolers are a subcategory of water coolers encompassing water fountains and direct-piping water dispensers. Water cooler may also refer to a primitive device for keeping water cool.

How Does a Water Dispenser Work? Most water dispensers typically use the same simple concept: deliver water from a source through a tap or spigot, usually using a button or knob for users to dispense the water. However simple the concept, how a dispenser works depends on the type of dispenser. There are different types of water dispensers: Bottled Water Dispensers Bottled water dispensers are commonly referred to as a water dispenser or a water cooler. Most water dispenser work by having a 5-gallon water bottle upside down on the top of the machine. This allows gravity and vacuum pressure to do the job of filling a glass when someone presses water spigot. When this happens, air is allowed into the bottle so water can escape into your glass or bottle.

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Bottled dispensers are similar to point-of-use water dispensers as they are often available with options to cool and heat the water prior to dispensing it. Usually, a five gallon water bottle is placed upside down in the water dispenser’s tank. This is an ideal option for those who do not wish to drink tap water, or for those who do not have the option to connect into the main water line. Usually the water in bottled water is high quality, filtered water. The bottled water dispenser works the same way as a point of use dispenser, as the user simply presses a button or turns a knob to release the water into the funnel. Bottled water dispensers may require more maintenance than point of use dispensers because, bottle service is usually necessary to ensure enough water is available. The dispenser only delivers water from the water bottle source, so if there are no water bottles available there is no water available in the dispenser. In most areas, water service is fairly inexpensive however, and come with a periodic inspection of the tank along with delivery of fresh, filtered water. Bottled dispensers are made to use pre-filtered bottled water, so they do not usually have or need a filter inside

Preparing the Unit: How to Use a Water Dispenser The first thing you need to do is ensure that the dispenser is prepared to receive the bottle. With most dispensers, you’ll need to be prepared to handle a five-gallon jug of water, which can be a chore in itself. Therefore, it’s best to make sure everything else is prepared. You’ll want to ensure that the unit is plugged into a reliable source of electricity, especially if your unit has the option of heating and cooling water. You will also want to use a sanitary wipe or a cloth doused with soap and warm water to clean any knobs, handles, or any other part of the unit that people regularly touch. Also, ensure that you’ve chosen the ideal placement for the water cooler; otherwise it will be incredibly difficult to move with a full five-gallon jug attached at the top.

Preparing the Bottle of Water Your next step is to make sure that the bottle of water is prepared as well. Similar to ensuring the base unit is properly sanitized, the new bottle should be as well. You may even want to make sure that you leave a cloth near the water cooler to help others clean up any spills when they get themselves a drink. Place the new bottle of water on a stool or a chair, so you don’t have to bend down to the floor to pick up the replacement bottle.

Removing the Existing Water Cooler (Optional) This only applies to people who have been using the same cooler and need to remove their existing bottle first. Typically, each five-gallon jug should have a handle on its side that you will use to remove it. Depending on how your water dispenser works, you may need to press a button to release latches that keep the jug secured; otherwise, you can simply lift it out of position. You can put the old jug aside so it can be returned to the company that supplies your water or you can have it refilled at a grocery store for future use.

Installing the New Water Jug As the most important part of learning how to use a water dispenser, you need to be prepared to install the new water jug. This can be the most intimidating step, especially for people who have never replaced the water bottle before. Be prepared for some splashing, as you are dealing with a substantial amount of water.

It’s best if you lift the five-gallon jug off the stool and hold it at a 45-degree angle above the cooler, emptying some of the water into the main basin of the base unit. As the flow of water becomes steadier, you can turn the entire jug upside down and secure it into place in the base unit. At this point, you should be able to gently push the side of the jug without any worry of it toppling over or ending up on the floor.

Tips and Tricks for Maintaining Your Water Dispenser Know that you know how to use a water dispenser; it’s time to consider tips and tricks that can make owning one much simpler. 

Storing Refills: Every water cooler needs refills, so you’re always prepared to replace an old bottle with a new one. It’s best if you store the refills in a cool, dark, and dry room to prevent the growth of algae and bacteria.

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Watch Your Back: Remember, lifting a five-gallon jug of water means you’re picking up at least 40 pounds. If you can’t comfortably lift that weight on your own, ask for help before you injure your back.

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Check Bottles for Damage: No matter if you have a water cooler that uses glass jugs or plastic jugs, ensure that you inspect them for damage. Otherwise, you may notice leaking after the unit has been installed and at that point, it would be too late.

HAIR DRYER

A hair dryer, hairdryer or blow dryer is an electromechanical device that blows ambient or hot air over damp hair to speed the evaporation of water to dry the hair. Blow dryers enable better control over the shape and style of hair, by accelerating and controlling the formation of temporary hydrogen bonds within each strand. These bonds are powerful (allowing stronger hair shaping than the sulfur bonds formed by permanent waving products) but are temporary and extremely vulnerable to humidity. They disappear with a single washing of the hair. Hairstyles using blow dryers usually have volume and discipline, which can be further improved with styling products and hairbrushes during drying to add tension, hold and lift. Blow dryers were invented in the late 19th century. The first model was created by Alexander F. "Beau" Godefroy in his salon in France in 1902. The handheld, household hair dryer first appeared in 1920. Blow dryers are used in beauty salons by professional stylists and in the household by consumers.

Parts and Functions

Heat

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Inside most hairdryers is a bare coiled nichrome wire that is wrapped around insulating mica boards Nichrome is an alloy of nickel and chromium, used in many heat producing household gadgets As this alloy is a poor conductor of electricity compared with other metals it has enough resistance to get hot from the electric current flowing through It doesn’t oxidise too much so does not easily rust

The fan; 

forces cool air through the heating element via the shape of the gadget, hence why nearly all hairdryers are similar in shape, the air flows through the heated wire making it hot air

The power;    

Will dictate how hot the air is, measured in wattage/Kilowatts. Early hairdryers put out only 100 watts, now it will be up to 2,000 watts or maybe as low as 600 watts High and low heat settings can vary the power and thus vary the heat The air is only in the heating element for about ½ second, new air is constantly feeding through as cool air

Materials such as;  

The latest ceramic coatings offer a more even distribution of heat Also crushed tourmaline is used to aid the ionic ability producing healthy negative ions and even better air flow, this helps to create less static as well, making your hair look shiny and smooth

Safety  

Nowadays safety of electrical gadgets needs to be stringent and tested to a high degree There are standards in place for our protection

Cut-off switch 

Using a bimetallic strip as a cut off, bimetallic meaning 2 metal strips placed together, heating and expanding at different times creating a kink which will step in and cut the power off so you do not get too hot under the collar or burn your hair

Thermal fuse

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This little fuse will simply burn out if the temperature gets too high protecting you against fire

Insulation 

Without it the casing would become extremely hot and may burn, there is a heat shield inside your hairdryer

Protective screen  

As air is drawn into the dryer so can dust and other particles enter the casing as well, now many models come with a lint filter for easy cleaning Without periodic cleaning your hairdryer may not work efficiently

Front grill 

The front needs to be able to withstand the hot air and is there to prevent accidental fingers going inside the dryer where it can be very hot

Basic Instructions for Operating Your Hair Dryer: 1. Take the hair dryer out the box. 2. Plug it into the electric socket. 3. Turn it on. 4. Aim the hair dryer at your hair. 5. Turn it off once your hair is dry. 6. Unplug the hair dryer. 7. Put the hair dryer away.

AIR CON

Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C, or air con) is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment, typically for humans and other animals; however, air conditioning is also used to cool/dehumidify rooms filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers, and even to display and store some delicate products, such as artwork. Air conditioners often use a fan to distribute the conditioned air to an occupied space such as a building or a car to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Electric refrigerant-based AC units range from small units that can cool a small bedroom, which can be carried by a single adult, to massive units installed on the roof of office towers that can cool an entire building. The cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation or free cooling is used. Air conditioning systems can also be made based on desiccants (chemicals which remove moisture from the air) and subterraneous pipes that can distribute the heated refrigerant to the ground for cooling. In the most general sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of technology that modifies the condition of air (heating, (de-) humidification, cooling, cleaning, ventilation, or air movement). In common usage, though, "air conditioning" refers to systems which cool air. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC.

Parts and Functions 

Evaporator - Receives the liquid refrigerant

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Condenser - Facilitates heat transfer

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Expansion valve - regulates refrigerant flow into the evaporator

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Compressor - A pump that pressurizes refrigerant The cold side of an air conditioner contains the evaporator and a fan that blows air over

the chilled coils and into the room. The hot side contains the compressor, condenser and another fan to vent hot air coming off the compressed refrigerant to the outdoors. In between the two sets of coils, there's an expansion valve. It regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. Once in the evaporator, the refrigerant experiences a pressure drop, expands and changes back into a gas. The compressor is actually a large electric pump that pressurizes the refrigerant gas as part of the process of turning it back into a liquid. There are some additional sensors, timers and valves, but the evaporator, compressor, condenser and expansion valve are the main components of an air conditioner. Although this is a conventional setup for an air conditioner, there are a couple of variations you should know about. Window air conditioners have all these components mounted into a relatively small metal box that installs into a window opening. The hot air vents from the back of the unit, while the condenser coils and a fan cool and re-circulate indoor air. Bigger air conditioners work a little differently: Central air conditioners share a control thermostat with a home's heating system, and the compressor and condenser, the hot side of the unit, isn't even in the house. It's in a separate all-weather housing outdoors. In very large buildings, like hotels and hospitals, the exterior condensing unit is often mounted somewhere on the roof.

HOW TO USE AIR CON Step 1:

Install a window unit air conditioner on the shadiest side of your house. This will help reduce energy costs by keeping the unit itself cool and out of the sun. Follow the instructions provided for your specific air conditioning unit.

Step 2:

Check the installation for gaps, leaks and cracks between the unit and the window. Seal up any gaps with insulation tape.

Step 3: Close all windows and outside doors while the AC is running. Pull the blinds and drapes during the daytime to keep out the hot sunlight. Step 4: Turn the AC down when the house is not occupied and while you are asleep. Step 5:

Maintain the unit by cleaning the coils and keeping the refrigerant properly charged.