Energy Redo

KEDAH ISLAMIC HIGH SCHOOL CLASS : 2 IKRAM PREPARING TO INSTALL ……

ASSALAMUALAIKU M….

WELCOME TO OUR SITE ….

MAGNIFICENT PRIVILEGE OUR GROUP MEMBER’S NAME:

INTRODUCTION • Energy

the ability to do work. • Energy is measured in joules (J). • Energy is found in various forms such as potential, kinetic, heat, chemical, light, sound, nuclear, and electrical energy.

SOURCE OF ENERGY NON-RENEWABLE SOURCE

RENEWABLE SOURCE Wind Geothermal Solar Biomass Water

Oil Nuclear Coal Natural gas

SECONDARY ENERGY SOURCES *Hydrogen *Electricity

• All forms of energy are stored in different ways, in the energy sources that we use every day. These sources are divided into two groups -- renewable (an energy source that can be replenished in a short period of time) and nonrenewable (an energy source that we are using up and cannot recreate in a short period of time). Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources can be used to produce secondary energy sources including electricity and hydrogen. • Renewable energy sources include solar energy, which comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity and heat. Wind, geothermal energy from inside the earth, biomass from plants, and hydropower and ocean energy from water are also renewable energy sources. • However, we get most of our energy from nonrenewable energy sources, which include the fossil fuels -- oil, natural gas, and coal. They're called fossil fuels because they were formed over millions and millions of years by the action of heat from the Earth's core and pressure from rock and soil on the remains (or "fossils") of dead plants and animals.

• Another nonrenewable energy source is the element uranium, whose atoms we split (through a process called nuclear fission) to create heat and ultimately electricity. • We use all these energy sources to generate the electricity we need for our homes, businesses, schools, and factories. Electricity "energizes" our computers, lights, refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners, to name only a few uses. • We use energy to run our cars and trucks. Both the gasoline used in our cars, and the diesel fuel used in our trucks are made from oil. The propane that fuels our outdoor grills and makes hot air balloons soar is made from oil and natural gas.

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Nonrenewable energy sources come out of the ground as liquids, gases and solids. Right now, crude oil (petroleum) is the only naturally liquid commercial fossil fuel. Natural gas and propane are normally gases, and coal is a solid. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are all considered fossil fuels because they formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Uranium ore, a solid, is mined and converted to a fuel. Uranium is not a fossil fuel. These energy sources are considered nonrenewable because they can not be replenished (made again) in a short period of time. Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally in a short period of time. Renewable energy sources can be replenished in a short period of time.

• The five renewable sources used most often are: – – – – –

biomass water (hydropower), geothermal, wind, solar.

• Many important events have occurred during the history of using renewable sources. The use of renewable energy is not new. Five generations (125 years) ago, wood supplied up to 90 percent of our energy needs. Due to the convenience and low prices of fossil fuels, wood use has fallen in the United States. Now, some biomass that would normally be taken to the dump is converted into electricity (e.g., manufacturing wastes, rice hulls, and black liquor from paper production).

Historically, low fossil fuel prices, especially for Overall consumption from renewable sources in the United States totaled 6.8 quads (quadrillion Btu) in 2006, or about 7 percent of all energy used nationally. Consumption from renewable sources was at its highest point in 1997, at about 7.2 quads. Natural gas, have made growth difficult for renewable fuels. A number of State and Federal Government incentives, including the Energy Policy Acts of 2002 and 2005, have encouraged the production and use of renewable fuels. Even with these incentives, the renewables share of the "energy pie" in the United States is not expected to change much over the next 25 years because we will also be using more non-renewable fuels.

 The use of renewable sources is also limited by

the fact that they are not always available (for example, cloudy days reduce solar energy, calm days mean no wind blows to drive wind turbines, droughts reduce water availability to produce hydroelectricity). Despite these limitations, renewable energy plays an important role in the supply of energy. When renewable energy sources are used, the demand for fossil fuels is reduced. Unlike fossil fuels, most renewable sources do not directly emit greenhouse gases.  Each of the energy sources we use is measured, purchased, and sold in a different form. Many units of measurement are used to measure the energy we use each day.

USES OF ENERGY • Residential- homes

• Commercial - buildings How Energy is Used in Commercial Buildings

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to exactly 100 percent

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Transportation- cars, tr Industry and Manufacturing

Sources of Energy Used for Industry and Manufacturing

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ENERGY USE FOR TRANSPORTATION

Fuels Used for Tranportation

CAUSES & EFFECTS 

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Every time we use energy it has many effects. Turning on a light helps us to see better (an obvious effect!) and adds a few pence to the electricity bill. But these two things aren't the only effects... If you leave a light on longer than you need it, you use more electricity than you need. In order to generate this electricity, more fuel will have been used in the power station than was needed. If the electricity comes from a power station using fossil fuels, you will be using up a non-renewable energy source faster than necessary. Also the more energy is used, the more emissions (chemicals that go into the air) there are... so you can see the effect wasting energy has! Try to make the correct decisions to reduce the amount of energy used and help to keep pollution levels down. As you answer the questions, watch the cloud to see how polluted or clean you are making it!

HOW DOES WASTING ENERGY CAUSE POLLUTION? 

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As fossil fuels are burnt, gases are released into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat that would otherwise escape into space. This is called the "greenhouse effect". Other pollution from burning fossil fuels causes "acid rain". Acid rain can harm wildlife and buildings. If we can use less energy, these effects will be reduced. we can use less energy and avoid adding to the greenhouse effect and acid rain

ADVANTAGE OF ENERGY SOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES • They cannot be depleted or diminished • Easy to obtain and free • Most of the sources do not pollute the environment or endanger human health • Used as alternative energy source to replaced energy sources which are increasingly diminishing

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES • Nuclear power plants do not produce air pollutants and carbon dioxide • Petroleum is not only used to generate electricity. It can also be used to produce useful products such as plastics, synthetic fabrics, grease and lubricants • Natural gas produces more energy per kilogram than petroleum and coal do. It is also cleaner, produces less pollutants and does not produces ash.

LIMITATIONS • RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES • High installation and maintenance cost • Solar, wind and wave energy are not available all the time because the availability depends on weather conditions • In the case of hydro energy, wide areas of land must be cleared to build the dam. Hence, many natural habitats may be destroyed

• NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES • • • • • •

The mining of uranium can cause environmental damage The leakage of radiation from nuclear power plants can harm living organisms Burning of coal and petroleum produces carbon and carbon monoxide that pollute the air Burning of coal produces sulphur dioxide that can cause acid rain Petroleum and natural gas are highly flammable and may cause fire if not handled properly Burning of fossil fuels can also produce smokes that are harmful to human’s health

WAYS TO IMPROVE ENERGY USAGE •

COOLING

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Check your air filter once a month by holding it up to a bright light. If you can't see through it, it's time to clean or replace the filter. Use ceiling fans rather than the air conditioner when possible. Close curtains and blinds to help keep the sun out in the summer. Make sure there are no cracks around doors and windows. Avoid cooling rooms that are not occupied. Improving attic ventilation and insulation can lower the temperature of your home during hot summer days. Also consider installing an attic fan to dispense hot air. Raising the thermostat to 78 degrees can save on cooling costs. Awnings, trees and large shrubs near windows all help to block out the heat from your home. Avoid opening and closing doors. Heat enters and the cold air escapes.

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HEATING

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Open curtains and blinds to let the sun warm your home in the winter. Keep drapes closed at night to keep warm air indoors. Check your air filter once a month. Replace dirty filters regularly. Ensure that your home has proper insulation in walls, ceilings and floors. Storm windows and doors prevent warm air from escaping. Keep your fireplace damper closed when not in use. Keep your thermostat at the lowest temperature comfortable for you. Avoid opening and closing doors. Cold air enters and the heated air escapes.

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LIGHTING

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Turn lights off when you leave a room. Use a timer or motion detector for outdoor lighting to turn it off when not needed. Keep your light fixtures clean. Fluorescent bulbs last 10 times longer and use 75% less electricity.

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KITCHEN

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Use your microwave when possible to heat food rather than your stove or oven. Make sure your oven door and refrigerator doors seal when closed. Make sure you turn off your oven and stove top after cooking. Using a small pan on a large burner wastes energy and can be a safety hazard. Cooking with a lid on your pan, keeps the heat inside and speeds up cooking time. Use a toaster oven to cook small items. Avoid opening the oven door while cooking. It lowers the oven temperature. Avoid running the dishwasher until it is full. Open the dishwasher after the rinse cycle and let your dishes air dry instead of using the heated drying cycle. Check your refrigerator door seal to ensure that the door does not leak cold air. Clean refrigerator condenser coils in the back and bottom to increase efficiency. Be careful not to block the freezer fan that allows cold air to circulate. Refrigerator temperature should be 36-38 degrees. Refrigerator freezer temperature should be 0-5 degrees. If possible, locate your refrigerator away from heating vents.

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• WATER USAGE • Insulate your water heater and hot water pipes. • Lower your water heater temperature. 110 to 120 degrees is sufficient. • Use a “flow control” device on your showerheads and sink faucets to regulate hot water usage. • LAUNDRY • Avoid washing clothes until you have a full load. • Use a cold water detergent. The temperature of the water used during the rinse cycle will not make your clothes any cleaner. • Dry laundry loads one immediately after the other to use left over heat efficiently. • By reducing drying time, you can save energy and extend the life of your fabrics. • Moisture sensing dryers shut off automatically when your clothes are dry. • Clean out the dryer lint filter often to ensure proper air flow and shorter dry times.

• OTHER USEFUL TIPS • • • • •

Turn your computer off at night. If you have a pool, set the pump to the minimum time required for the time of year. You do not need to run the pump as long in the winter as you do in the summer. Consider a solar heater for your pool. Turn off the hot tub when not in use. Unplug cell phones, cameras, lap tops, etc. when charged

CURRENT ISSUES •

Tuesday, May 20, 2008 Monday, MayForecasts 19, 2008 Goldman Sachs Continued Rise in Oil Prices Tuesday, May 20 On Wall Street price of oil hit $130Order per barrel amidst market fears of inflation and supply Michael Klare'stheNew Energy concerns. "Oil at $110 a barrel. Gasoline at $3.35 (or more) per gallon. Diesel fuel at Amidst these concerns, Goldman Sachs issued a forecast that crude will reach $135 a barrel in the third quarter of $42008 perand gallon. Independent truckers forced the road. Home oil rising rise to $145 in the fourth quarter. While Saudi Arabiaoff announced that they would heating increase production by to 300,000 barrels a day (b/d) to 9.45 million b/d during June in order meet demand from US customers and President unconscionable levels. Jet fuel soadditions expensive three low-cost airlines Bush, under pressureprice from a vote in Congress, halted to the USthat Strategic Petroleum Reserve, these measures are widely dismissed as too little to affect prices. stopped flying in the past few weeks. This is just a taste of the latest energy news, signaling a profound change in how all of us, in this country and around the world, are going to live - trends that, so far as anyone can predict, will only become more pronounced as energy supplies dwindle and the global struggle over their allocation intensifies."

So begins Michael Klare's article chronicling the end of the energy world as we know it. Klare identifies intense competition over energy sources among economic powers, insufficiency of existing energy supplies, the delay in developing alternative energy sources, migration of wealth and power to energy-rich nations and a growing risk of conflict as factors shaping our new energy reality.

• Monday, April 21, 2008 "Practical Peak Oil" Policy Highlighted in Saudi Arabia In remarks that flew under the radar screen of American media, Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah revealed orders to preserve new oil discoveries untapped, in order to extend the reign of oil wealth in his country. "When there were some new finds, I told them, 'no, leave it in the ground, with grace from god, our children need it'," King Abdullah said. King Abdullah's position mimics that of Saudi oil minister Ali al-Naimi who, when asked "How high can your production go?" replied, "We’ll get to 12.5 million barrels a day and then we’ll see." Current Saudi production capacity stands at roughly 11.3 million bpd.

• Tuesday, April 15, 2008 Second Largest Oil Producer Posts Production Decline Russia, the world's second-largest oil producer, indicated that it has hit a plateau in production. In fact, Russia’s oil production last month, 9.76 million b/d, declined 1.3% compared to March 2007. Compared to last October’s high-water mark of 9.93 million b/d, production has declined 2.4%. Previously, the Russian Natural Resources Minister warned that a drop in oil production was likely for 2008 compared to 2007. The downturn in Russian oil production did not come as a surprise within the country, since various Russian experts during 2004-2005 vocalized concerns about future slowdowns. The lack of sufficient pipeline capacity, high decline rates from aging fields, and tough new tax regimes all grab some share of the blame for the stagnant oil production rates. It is predicted that Russia will cut taxes on oil companies to encourage development of new, harder-to-reach deposits and thereby alleviate the market stagnation.

Thursday, April 10, 2008 Oil Prices Hit Historic High Oil prices set a new record high during trading on Wednesday, April 9, topping out at $112 per barrel. Rising oil prices can not turn to OPEC for alleviation, as producers maintained their decision to cap production at current levels. Additionally, the larger than anticipated fall in U.S. crude and gasoline inventories coupled with the declining value of the dollar spurred oil trading on to a record high.

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Thank you for watching our slide.

WE WOULD LIKE TO APOLOGISE TO ALL OF YOU IF WE HAD DONE ANY MISTAKE. SURELY, WE DIDN’T MEAN IT. HOPE YOU ENJOY YOURSELF…. BYE!!!!