Diseases Of Pahyrinx And Esophagus In Farm Animals By Ali Sadiek

Diseases of Digestive System By Dr. Ali H. Sadiek Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis Dept. of Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University- Assiut, EGYPT

E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Pharyngitis Causes: • Traumatic: Sharp Foreign bodies, awns, bones, nails, etc. • Physical: Irritant chemicals, Hot or cold substances • Biological: Secondary to other diseases Strangles in horses, Oral necrobacillosis of calves. Actinobacillosis of cattle & horses pharyngeal anthrax in dog and horses. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Pharyngitis characterized clinically by: Anorexia and painful swelling Cough esp. with pharyngeal manipulation Regurgitation of food and extended head. Excessive salivation and nasal discharge. Swelling of regional lymph nodes. Fever and toxemia may noted in phlegmon and neecrobacillosis.

Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Swelled pharynx

Strangles (Eq. distemper

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Diagnosis

• History of Acute onset and local pain • External and internal palpation • Internal exam. by mouth speculum or pharyngeoscope Bacterial pharyngitis

Follicular pharyngitis

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Treatment 1. Removal of f. bodies by holder or by hand

2. Oral antiseptic (Gent. Violet. Silver nitrate)

3. Drugs mixed with syrup for horses Or given as lectiures or inhalation as: ¾ Creoline & Turp. Oil 150 gm/ Gallon water

¾ Expectorant, anti-inflammatory and/or Antibiotics. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Central Inhalation therapy

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Pharyngeal obstruction Causes: ƒ T.B, Swelling of retroph. L. nodes. ƒ F. Bodies as nails, wires, plasticwares etc.

It Charactreized Clinically by: Snoring respiration and Cough. Painful swelling. Dysphagia & Regurgitation of food. Loss of appetite. Excessive salivation. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Foreign bodies

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Pharyngeal obstruction Diagnosis: ƒ History of acute onset. ƒ Specific signs differ. Vs pharyn. Paralysis Treatment: ƒ Removal of f. bodies. ƒ Anti-inflammat., antibiotics, anti septics. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Pharyngeal paralysis It may be the result of : 1-Central or peripheral nervous disorder: - Rabies - CNS intoxication, lead poisoning, - Cranial trauma, - Intracranial abscessation, - Tumor formation 2- Severe local disease that may cause collapse, obstruction, or malfunction of the pharynx. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Pharyngeal paralysis 3- Peripheral Causes : ƒ Pharyngeal trauma: ƒ Disease of the auditory tube diverticula (guttural pouches) in horses. ¾One-sided lesions (eg, guttural pouch disease) may result in partial pharyngeal malfunction, and the horse may well be able to swallow. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Signs of Pharyngeal paralysis‰Profound dysphagia with oral and nasal return of food and saliva. ‰Pharyngeal collapse may occurs resulting in respiratory obstruction. ‰Inhalation pneumonia, dehydration, circulatory and respiratory collapse may be the sequence. ‰Fever, cough, retch, and choke are common. ‰Pharyngeal paralysis may result in death. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Diagnosis of Pharyngeal paralysis• History and clinical signs are usually enough to indicate pharyngeal malfunction • Serology, radiology, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and MRI, as well as endoscopy are valuable to determine whether it is central or peripheral. • Rabies must be ruled out.

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Sonography (left) and CT (Right)

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Video endoscopy

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Fistula created between the two guttural pouches of a foal affected by guttural pouch tympany

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Pharyngeal paralysis- Treatment • The prognosis is mostly poor, and the welfare of the animal should be considered in management of this condition. • local therapy (including draining the pharyngeal abscesses), • Control the complications of inhalation pneumonia, • intubation in small animals, and, Rumenotomy and/or esophagotomy and esophageal feeding may be essential in large animals, • Evaluating hemoconcentration, electrolyte depletion, etc, aid in monitoring and evaluating therapeutic regimens. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Esophageal paralysis

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Ph. Obst. Pharyngitis

Signs

Ph. Paraly.

Cough

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+ +

+ +

+ + +++ -

+ + ++ +

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Inab. To swallow Regurig. Snoring L.Ns Salivation Painfull swelling

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Esophagitis Characterized by: • Esophogeal spasm and obstruction. • Pain on swallowing and palpation. • Regurig. of bloody stained slimy materials. Causes: • Swallowing of chemicals and irrit. subst. • Lacerations of esoph. wall by F. bodies. • Assoc. some viral and bacterial disease. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Signs of Esophagitis Salivation, swallowing trial with pain. Regurig. of food mixed with blood and mucous. Cough with vigorous mov. of neck and abdominal muscles. Pain on palp. of lower cervical esophagus On esoph. perforat.: Inflamm. Swelling crepitus and phlegmonus infl., or fatal pleurisy. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Esophagitis

Herpes infection esophagus Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Esophagitis • Diagnosis: • Similar to pharyngitis but attempt to swallow is not severe in pharyngitis. • Local palpation may recognize lesion. • Treatment • Parentral feeding should be prompted • Parentral antibiotic, anti-inflammatory • If animal can swallow: give it a mix. of antibiotic & astringents on form of electuaries. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Acute esophageal obstruction Choke Charct. By: • Inabil. to swallow. • Regurig. of food and water. • Bloat in ruminants. Causes of Acute esoph. Obstruction • In dogs: Feeding of bones or other f. objects on playing. • In Cattle: ingestion of solid objects (Turnips, potatoes, comb of maize, upper parts of sugar cane. Apple, Orange, leather, plastics etc. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Causes of acute esoph. obstruction: In Horses: • Incompl. mast. & salivated. Food. • While dosing with gelatin capsules. • Pressure on cardia by tumors. Causes of Chronic esoph. obstruction: • Stenosis after esohagitis. • Pressure from the outside: T.B, Tumors, etc. • Persistent right aortic arch in neonates. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Clinical picture of Acute esophageal obstruction:

In Cattle: • • • • • • • •

Obst. occur at cervical or thoracic Inlets Stop eating and shows anxiety and restless. Forcible attempts to swallow. Salivation- coughing contin. chewing mov. Contin. forcible ruminal motility. Rapid onset of bloat. Passage of st. tubes is impossible. Acute signs may subsides gradually due to relaxation of esoph. spasm but tympany persists. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Clinical picture of acute obst.: In Horses: • Acute obstr. usually in the terminal thoracic esophagus. • Signs are similar to cattle but more violent. Sequellae: • It may pass spontaneously or persist for few days. • Persist. obst. cause pressure necrosis. and perforation, stenosis Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Clinical picture of chronic obst.: Absence of acute signs. Chronic persistant bloat. Ruminal motility begins to subside. Pronounced swelling at the base of the neck may appear. Death may occur as a result of drenching pneumonia/ or dehydration.

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Diagnosis of esoph. obst. History: Acute onset of signs Clinical picture is sufficient. Passage of stomach tube. X- rays may be helpful Illuminated mouth speculum and Endosdcopy.

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Diagnosis of esoph. Obst.

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Esophageal obstruction

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Esophag. diverticulum

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Treatment Analgesics (atropin sulfate & belladonna). Pass St. tube to locate f. body & pushing it. In Cattle: Trocer & canula is necessary in sever bloat Use large forcipes and mouth specul. to catch f. bodies. Treat. tympany with anti-fermentive. Esophagotomy may be necessary to remove obstruction

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Treatment In horses: It is difficult to remove f. body from the lower esophagus. Adminster belladona extract to anlagise the horse, then introduce warm saline via stomach tube and siphoned it again several time to loose the obstruction. Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Treatment In palpable obst. In the neck region,

- Vigorous squeezing from exterior may brake it up and help in its removal. - Esophagotomy may be necessary - Treat. of chronic obstruction is usually unsuccessful Prof. Dr. Ali Sadiek

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Complications Suffocation, asphyxia and death. Perforation of esoph. & develop. of subcutaneous emphysema. Esophageal paralysis and necrosis. Death due to drenching pneumonia (passage of saliva and food into lungs). Severe tympany.

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