Daftar Pustaka Reaktor.docx

Reaktor Desulfurisasi Kondisi Proses : Jenis tangki

: Fixed-bed Reactor

Bahan

: Stainless Steel SA 167 grade 10

Katalis

: ZnO

Kondisi operasi

: Isothermal

Laju alir umpan

: 28167,27232 kg/h

Temperatur

: 300 ˚C (573 K)

[Shangguan, dkk, 2010]

Tekanan

: 20 bar = 200000 Pa

[Siriwardane, dkk, 2002]

Densitas umpan

: 0,4473993 kg/m3

Laju alir volumetrik

:

Waktu tinggal

: 1000 h-1

[Lew, dkk, 1989]

Diameter Katalis

: 3,5 mm = 0,0035 m

[Mokhatab, 2006]

Porositas (𝜀)

: 0,28

Densitas Katalis

: 1,18 gr/cm3 = 1180 kg/m3

𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠

[Parandin dan Rashidi, 2018]

[Mokhatab, 2006] [Shangguan, dkk, 2010]

=

28167,27232 9,016433

= 3123,992859 m3/jam

[Hassan dan Khammas, 2008]

[Hassan dan Khammas, 2008] Konversi

: 100%

[Lew, dkk, 1989]

Reaktor Pre-reformer Kondisi Proses : Jenis tangki

: Fixed-bed Reactor

Bahan

: Stainless Steel SA 167 grade 10

Katalis

: Ni/MgAl2O4

Kondisi operasi

: Adiabatis

Laju alir umpan

: 37855,83105 kg/h

Temperatur

: 480 ˚C (753,15 K)

[Bormann, dkk, 2013]

Tekanan

: 43,8 bar = 4380000 Pa

[Bormann, dkk, 2013]

Densitas campuran

: 15,19447909 kg/m3

Laju alir volumetrik

:

Waktu tinggal

: 1000 h-1

Diameter Katalis

: 3 mm = 0,003 m

Porositas (𝜀)

: 0,57

[Dhfeery dan Jaseem, 2012]

Densitas Katalis

: 800 kg/m3

[Dhfeery dan Jaseem, 2012]

Konversi

: 100%

𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 Densitas umpan

[Ulrich, dkk, 2016]

[Yang, dkk, 2011] [Bormann, dkk, 2013]

=

37855,83105 14,42276211

= 2624,718 m3/jam [Diwakar, dkk, 2005]

[Dhfeery dan Jaseem, 2012]

[Bormann, dkk, 2013]

Kondisi Proses : Jenis tangki

: Fixed-bed Reactor

Bahan

: Stainless Steel SA 167 grade 10

Katalis

: Ni/MgO

[Rezaei, dkk, 2011]

Kondisi operasi

: Adiabatis

[Halabi, dkk, 2007]

Laju alir umpan

: 53588,2 kg/h

Temperatur

: 730 ˚C = 1003,15 K

[Bormann, dkk, 2013]

Tekanan

: 36,3 bar = 3630000 Pa

[Bormann, dkk, 2013]

Densitas umpan

: 8,10305 kg/m3

Laju alir volumetrik

:

Waktu tinggal

: 1050 h-1

[Halabi, dkk, 2007]

Diameter Katalis

: 8 mm = 0,008 m

[Pham, dkk, 2017]

Densitas Katalis

: 947 kg/m3

Porositas (𝜀)

: 0,55

Konversi

: 100%

𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠

=

[Halabi, dkk, 2007]

57100,0968 8,5381833

= 6687,616651 m3/jam

[Singha, dkk, 2017] [Pham, dkk, 2017] [Hassan dan Khandelwal, 2014]

Reaktor Metanol I Kondisi Proses : Jenis tangki

: Fixed-bed Reactor

Bahan

: Stainless Steel SA 167 grade 10

Katalis

: Cu/ZnO/Al2O3

Kondisi operasi

: Isothermal

Laju alir umpan

: 57100,0968 kg/h

Temperatur

: 240 ˚C = 753,15 K

[Kopetsch, 2014]

Tekanan

: 55 bar = 5500000 pa

[Kopetsch, 2014]

Densitas umpan

: 10,96790782 kg/m3

Laju alir volumetrik

:

Waktu tinggal

: 1000/h

Diameter Katalis

: 5,47 × 10-3 m

[Arthur, 2010]

Densitas Katalis

: 1140 kg/m3

[Arthur, 2010]

Porosity

: 0,5

Konversi CO

: 95%

[Takassi, dkk, 2016]

Konversi CO2

: 20%

[van der Ham, dkk, 2012]

𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠

=

[Kopetsch, 2014]

[Bussche dan Froment, 1996]

57100,0968 10,96790782

=5206,106558 m3/jam [Bae, dkk, 2014]

[Bussche dan Froment, 1996]

Reaktor Metanol II Kondisi Proses Reaktor Metanol II : Jenis tangki

: Fixed-bed Reactor

Bahan

: Stainless Steel SA 167 grade 10

Katalis

: Cu/ZnO/Al2O3

Kondisi operasi

: Isothermal

Laju alir umpan

: 57100,0968 kg/h

Temperatur

: 240 ˚C = 753,15 K

[Kopetsch, 2014]

Tekanan

: 55 bar = 5500000 pa

[Kopetsch, 2014]

Densitas umpan

: 10,96790782 kg/m3

Laju alir volumetrik

:

Waktu tinggal

: 400/h

Diameter Katalis

: 5,47 × 10-3 m

[Arthur, 2010]

Densitas Katalis

: 1140 kg/m3

[Arthur, 2010]

Porosity

: 0,5

Konversi CO

: 95%

[Takassi, dkk, 2016]

Konversi CO2

: 20%

[van der Ham, dkk, 2012]

𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠

=

[Kopetsch, 2014]

[Bussche dan Froment, 1996]

57100,0968 10,96790782

=5206,106558 m3/jam

[Sohrabi dan Vafajoo, 2009]

[Bussche dan Froment, 1996]

Catalytic Oxidation Reactor Kondisi Proses : Jenis tangki

: Fixed-bed Catalytic Reactor

Bahan

: Stainless Steel SA 167 grade 10

Katalis

: Pt-Al2O3

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]

Kondisi operasi

: Adiabatis

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]

Laju alir umpan

: 7629,742 kg/h

Temperatur

: 310°C

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]

Tekanan

: 1 bar = 100000 Pa

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]

Densitas umpan

: 33,70703406 kg/m3

Laju alir volumetrik :

𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠

=

25109,77 33,7073406

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]

= 744,9416506 m3/jam

Waktu tinggal

: 300/h

[Sohrabi dan Vafajoo, 2009]

Diameter Katalis

: 0,005 m

Densitas Katalis

: 600 kg/m3

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]

Porosity

: 0,44

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]

Konversi CO

: 100%

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]

Konversi H2

: 100%

[Janicke, dkk, 2000]

Konversi CH3OH

: 100%

[Chen, dkk, 2015]

[Lestinsky, dkk, 2014]