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Ll−f¡−lV C¾V¡l−eV pm¤Éne x

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If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas. -- George Bernard Shaw

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Corporate Intranet Solutions

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Corporate Intranet Solutions

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Bl ¢me¡„ g¡Cm ¢p−øj ¢q−p−h EXT3 e¡−j S¡eÑ¡¢mw g¡Cm ¢p−øj®L LÊÉ¡nf˦g ¢q−p−h dl¡ qu z L¡le H¢V ¢X−ú ®L¡e ¢LR¤ ®mM¡l B−N VÊ¡eS¡Lne mN ®~al£ L−l h−m g¡Cm ¢p−ø−jl C−¾V¢NË¢V b¡L−R na i¡N z Bl 4

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®lXqÉ¡V 7.2®a HC EXT3 q−µR ¢XgÒV g¡Cm ¢p−øj z Hl p−‰ ¢me¡„ ®m¡X¡l ¢q−p−h ¢m−m¡l p¡−b b¡L−R NË¡h z BC¢XC XÊ¡C−i Hm¢hœ ®j¡−X L¡S Ll¡l SeÉ ¢m−m¡l SeÉ ¢p−mƒ Ll¦e ""CES ¢m¢eu¡l ®j¡X'' z Le¢gN¡−lne g¡C−ml hÉhq¡l ¢me¡−„l ph−Q−u hs p¤¢hd¡ q−µR Hl ®V„V Le¢gN¡−lne g¡C−ml fË¡u ph…−m¡C /etc X¡C−lƒl£−a b¡−L z p¡¢iÑp…−m¡l ¢h¢iæ Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm H−a¡ ®hn£ L−j−¾VX h¡ ¢h−nÔoe Ll¡ b¡−L k¡ XL¥−j−¾Vne g¡Cm ¢q−p−h i¡h−m r¢a ®eC z Bl L−j−¾VX Aw−n (k¡ ®pC ®Xje¢V f¡pÑ L−l e¡ ) QjvL¡l QjvL¡l ®k ph Ec¡qlZ ®cu¡ b¡−L a¡l j¡e…−m¡ Bfe¡l p¤¢hd¡e¤k¡u£ f¡−ÒV ¢c−u L−j¾V ¢Qq²V¡ j¤−R ¢c−m a¡ ea¥e Le¢gN¡−lne ¢e−u ®e−h z Bfe¡l p¤¢hd¡−bÑ B¢j f¤−l¡ Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm (k¡ ¢XgÒV C¾pV−mn−el p¡−b B−p) e¡ R¡¢f−u öd¤j¡œ clL¡l£ Awn ¢e−u B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−h¡ z L¡−Sl p¤¢hd¡l SeÉ clL¡l£ g¡Cm…−m¡−L Bjl¡ −h¡ô Hhw Bä¡lm¡Ce L−l ¢Øœ²ÃV g¡Cm ®b−L Bm¡c¡ L−l ®gm−h¡ z Ec¡qlZ ül¦f, ¢f¢f¢f-AeX¡u¡m¡l g¡Cm¢V−L f¤−l¡ f¡b pq HC /etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-on-dialer i¡®h −cM¡−h¡ z Bl ¢Øœ²−ÃVl ¢ia−ll Le−V¾V−L p¡d¡lZi¡−h −cM¡−e¡ q−h z Le−p¡m Lj¡−äl SeÉ Bjl¡ f¡Eä ¢Qq² hÉhq¡l Ll−h¡ z Ec¡qle ül¦f, ¢e−Ql g¡Cm¢V−L H¢„¢LE−Vhm h¡e¡−e¡l SeÉ Le−p¡−m HL¢V Lj¡ä hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−R z # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall Bl¢fHj h¡ ®lXqÉ¡V fÉ¡−LS jÉ¡−eS¡l ¢h¢iæ AÉ¡¢fÔ−Lne C¾pVm¡l ¢q−p−h H−a¡ ®h¢n Se¢fËu ®k AeÉ¡eÉ ¢X¢øÊ¢hEne…−m¡J H−L p¡−f¡VÑ L−l z k¢cJ A−e−L ®pC AÉ¡¢fÔ−Ln−el h¡Ce¡l£ ®~al£ Ll−a L¾f¡Cm Ll¡l pju HLC ¢p−øj hÉ¡hq¡l Ll−a Q¡C−he -a−h Bj¡−cl HC ®NVJ−u ®j¢n−el SeÉ HC Bl¢fHj k−bø z H¢XVl ®k ®L¡e "®hu¡l ®h¡e " CE¢e„ h¡ ¢me¡„ ¢X¢øÊ¢hEn−el p¡−b H¢XVl ¢q−p−h Q−m B−p " ¢i BC " z a−h ea¥e ¢X¢øÊ¢hEn−el p¡−b "¢iBCHj ", ¢i BC Cjf˦iX Hl Le−p¡−m AÉ¡−l¡ L£ pq B−l¡ A−eL f¢lhaÑe e¤ae hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl A−eL p¤¢hd¡ ¢c−u−R z Hp−Lf L£ q−µR Hl Lj¡ä ®j¡X z Hl flhaÑ£ Lj¡ä…−m¡l SeÉ ¢e−Ql Q£Vn£V ®cM¤e z

¢iBC Hl ¢hLÒf ¢q−p−h X−pl "He¢p" (elVe Lj¡ä¡l) Hl ¢me¡„ i¡pÑ−el Hj¢p " ¢jXe¡CV Lj¡ä¡l" Aa¥me£u z ea¥e hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl SeÉ HC "Hj¢p" q−µR Bn£Ñh¡c ül©f z ®ej p¡iÑ¡l (¢XHeHp) 5

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C¾V¡l−eV/C¾VÊ¡−e−Vl fË¢aV¡ pw−k¡−Nl j¤m j¿» q−µR BC¢f z a−h HC BC¢f j−e l¡M¡l T¡−jm¡ ®b−L ®lq¡C ®cu HC ®ej p¡¢iÑp z HC ®ej p¡iÑ¡l Bfe¡l f¢l¢Qa AÉ¡−XÊp−L BC¢f−a f¢lhaÑe L−l ®cu z Bfe¡l hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl öd¤j¡œ J−uh ¢i¢šL p¡¢iÑp ¢c−m ®NVJ−u ®j¢n−e ea¥e L−l ®ej p¡iÑ¡l Q¡m¤ Ll¡l clL¡l ®eC z aMe ®NVJ−u ®j¢n−el /etc/resolv.conf g¡C−m BCHp¢fl ¢XHeHp p¡iÑ¡l…−m¡l e¡j ¢c−u ¢c−a q−h z Ec¡qlZ ®cM¤e/etc/resolv.conf domain your.isp.domain.net nameserver 10.25.1.1 nameserver 10.25.1.2

a−h Hg¢V¢f, ®Vm−eV h¡ AeÉ¡eÉ p¡¢iÑ−pl SeÉ HLV¡ ®ejp¡iÑ¡l b¡L−m j¾c qu e¡ z HM¡−e p¡iÑ¡l ¢q−p−h AeÉ ®L¡e ¢f¢p l¡M¢R e¡ h−m H j¤ý−aÑ "g¤m ®hÔ¡e" Ab−l−V¢Vi ¢XHeHp Le¢gN¡l Ll¡l clL¡l ®eC z Hl f¢lh−aÑ HLV¡ "LÉ¡¢nw Ae¢m" ¢XHeHp p¡iÑ¡l (k¡ fË¢aV¡ ®ej m¤LBf j−e l¡M−h - g−m flhaÑ£ ph ®L¡−ul£l SeÉ Bh¡l l¦V p¡iÑ¡−l e¡ ®k−u ®m¡L¡m LÉ¡n ®b−L ¢c−u ®c−h) Q¡m¡−h¡ k¡ X¡u¡m Bf h¡ d£l N¢al ¢mw−Ll SeÉ ¢h−noi¡−h ®~al£ z Hl p¡−b BCHp¢fl ¢XHeHp p¡iÑ¡l…−m¡−L glJu¡XÑ¡l ¢q−p−h hÉhq¡l Ll−m ®ej m¤LB−fl pju k¡−h B−l¡ L−j z Bl ®pSeÉC, Bjl¡ BCHp¢fl ¢XHeHp p¡iÑ¡l…−m¡l ¢hn¡m LÉ¡−nl p¤¢hd¡ ¢e−a HC "LÉ¡¢nw Ae¢m" ®ej p¡iÑ¡l−L Bl l¦V p¡iÑ¡l m¤LBf Ll−a ®ch e¡ z Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm pj§q mÉ¡e Hhw BC¢f AÉ¡−XÊ¢pw Øœ²£j - ®eVJu¡LÑ Le¢gN¡−lne ¡u¡m Bf pw−k¡N−L mÉ¡−e h¡ X¡u¡m Ce p¡¢iÑ−pl j−dÉ ®nu¡l Ll−a q−m HLV¡ mÉ¡e L¡XÑ k−bø z ¢l−um−V−Ll ¢Qf−pV pð¢ma ¢pšlLj h¡ B−lLV¥ i¡m j¡−el j¡C−œ²¡−eV mÉ¡e L¡XÑ pØa¡l j−dÉ ®hn i¡m L¡S L−l z hËXhÉ¡ä pw−k¡−Nl SeÉ Bjl¡ B−l¡ HL¢V ®eVJu¡LÑ L¡XÑ hÉhq¡l Ll−h¡ z hËXhÉ¡ä A¢gp ®fÊr¡f−V Hc¤−V¡ Cb¡l−eV L¡XÑ k¡ ¢me¡−„ eth0 Hhw eth1 ¢q−p−h f¢l¢Qa q−h z ¢me¡„ C¾pVm q−u k¡h¡l fl ea¥e L−l HC Cb¡l−eV L¡XÑ m¡N−m Bfe¡−L Bh¡l ea¥e L−l "kudzu " Q¡m¡−a q−h z ea¥e ®eVJu¡LÑ L¡XÑ…−m¡ M¤−S ®f−m ®eVJu¡LÑ Le¢gN¡l Ll¡l ®V„V ®hpX −je¤ "netconfig" Q−m Bp−h z a−h flhaÑ£−a ®k ®L¡e pj®u HC ®eVJu¡LÑ Le¢gN¡−lne ®je¤ ®cM−a Q¡C−m " ®eVLe¢gN" Lj¡ä hÉhq¡l Ll−a q−h z Bj¡−cl L¡−Sl p¤¢hd¡l SeÉ X¡u¡m Bf Hhw hËXhÉ¡ä pw−k¡−Nl pj−u eth0 ®L A¢g−pl mÉ¡−el q¡h/p¤C−Q pw−k¡N ®ch z ®p−r−œ hËXhÉ¡ä pw−k¡−Nl pj−u eth1 hÉhq¡l Ll−h¡ z k¡l¡ "®eVLe¢gN" Lj¡ä Q¡¢m−u ®eVJu¡LÑ Le¢gN¡l Ll−a f¡−le¢e a¡−cl SeÉ ¢e−Ql g¡Cm…−m¡ Bf−XV Ll−a q−h z X¡u¡NË¡j…−m¡ ®cM¤e - AÉ¡ ¢fLQ¡l ®fC¾Vp b¡E−Sä Ju¡XÑp z

/etc/hosts (Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm) 6

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127.0.0.1 gateway.testserv.com gateway localhost.localdomain localhost 192.168.0.1 gateway.testserv.com gateway /etc/sysconfig/network (Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm) NETWORKING=yes FORWARD_IPV4=true HOSTNAME=gateway.testserv.com GATEWAY=

GATEWAYDEV=eth1 h¡ X¡u¡m-B−fl SeÉ ppp0 ®cu¡ k¡u z /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 (A¢g−pl mÉ¡e pw−k¡NL¡l£ Cb¡l−eV L¡XÑ) DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.0.1 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.0.0 BROADCAST=192.168.0.255 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 (öd¤j¡œ hËXhÉ¡−äl ®fËr¡f®V -®Lhm ®j¡−Xj )

DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=yes /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 (HV¡J hËXhÉ¡ä - a−h, H¢XHpHm ®j¡−X−jl SeÉ) DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=no

¢XHCQ¢p¢f p¡¢iÑp (X¡Ce¡¢jL ®q¡ø Le¢gN¡−lne fË−V¡Lm) Hl HL¢V j¡œ Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm z Hl Afne X¡C−l¢ƒi…−m¡ ®cM¤e z f¡¢el ja pqS, a¡C eu ¢L? i¡−m¡ L−l ®cM¤e, BC¢f ®l”®L c¤ i¡−N i¡N L−l¢R z /etc/dhcpd.conf default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255; option routers 192.168.0.1; option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.1; option domain-name "testserv.com"; subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.99; range 192.168.0.104 192.168.0.200;

g¡Cm¢V e¡ b¡L−m ®~a¢l L−l ¢ce z # touch /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases HC g¡CmV¡ HM¡−e f¤−l¡ e¡ a¥−m ¢c−u ¢XHCQ¢p¢f ®Xje−L ®m¡L¡m ®eVJu¡®LÑ L¡S Ll¡l SeÉ ø¡VÑ X¡C−l¢ƒ−i eth0 Y¥¢L−u ¢c−u¢Rz H¢V öd¤j¡œ ®m¡L¡m ®eVJu¡−LÑl ¢l−L¡−uØV öe−h z /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd 7

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start() { # Start daemons. echo -n "Starting dhcpd: " daemon /usr/sbin/dhcpd eth0 RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/dhcpd return $RETVAL

X¡u¡m BEV (®V¢m−g¡e m¡Ce) HC Le¢gN¡−ln−e BCHp¢fl p¡−b X¡u¡m BEV ¢q−p−h ®V¢m−g¡e pw−k¡N ®ch¡l pju "X¡¢hÔE¢iX¡u¡m" A−e−Ll fR¾c q−mJ Bjl¡ f¤l¡−e¡ ¢me¡„ ¢X¢øÊ¢hEne−L f¡n L¡V¡−h¡ e¡ z Bl ®pSeÉC "QÉ¡V"HMeJ A−e−Ll Se¢fËu z BCHp¢f−a X¡u¡m Ll¡l SeÉ Bjl¡ ®pC f¤l¡−e¡ "¢f¢f¢p-Ae" ¢Øœ²ÃV hÉhq¡l Ll−h¡ k¡ "¢f¢f¢p-AeX¡u¡m¡l" ®L hÉhq¡l Ll−h z pw−k¡N ¢h¢µRæ Ll¡l SeÉ "¢f¢f¢p-Ag" ¢ûÃV hÉhq¡l Ll−mC Qm−h z haÑj¡−e BCHp¢fl ph X¡u¡m-Ce AÉ¡−„p p¡iÑ¡l…−m¡ "fÉ¡f" - f¡pJu¡XÑ A−be¢V−Lne fË−V¡Lm hÉhq¡l L−l h−m HC ¢Øœ²ÃV…−m¡ ®pi¡−h ®~al£ Ll¡ z /etc/ppp/options (Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm)

H¢XHpHm hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl SeÉ HC g¡CmV¡ f¤−l¡f¤¢l M¡¢m b¡L−h z /etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-on (Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm) #!/bin/sh # TELEPHONE=01019xxx ACCOUNT=username Abh¡ [email protected] PASSWORD=password LOCAL_IP=0.0.0.0 REMOTE_IP=0.0.0.0 NETMASK=255.255.255.0

# # # #

BC Hp ¢f ®V¢m−g¡e e¡ð¡l - Ec¡qle ül¦f, −cu¡ ®Nm BC Hp ¢f AÉ¡L¡E¾V e¡ð¡l f¡pJu¡XÑ X¡Ce¡¢jL BC¢fl SeÉ HC Le¢gN¡−lne

# ¢f¢f¢f Ae X¡u¡m¡l ¢Çœ²ÃV−L HM¡e ®b−L Lm Ll¡ q−µR z export TELEPHONE ACCOUNT PASSWORD DIALER_SCRIPT=/etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer exec /usr/sbin/pppd debug /dev/ttySx 38400 \ $LOCAL_IP:$REMOTE_IP \ connect $DIALER_SCRIPT /etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-on-dialer ("fÉ¡f" - f¡pJu¡XÑ A−be¢V−Lne fË−V¡L−ml SeÉ CONNECT '' hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−µR ) #!/bin/sh exec /usr/sbin/chat -v TIMEOUT ABORT ABORT ABORT '' 'OK-+++\c-OK' TIMEOUT OK CONNECT

3 '\nBUSY\r' '\nNO ANSWER\r' '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r' \rAT ATH0 30 ATDT$TELEPHONE ''

\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \

/etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-off ( ¢f¢f¢f pw−k¡N hå Ll¡l SeÉ ¢Çœ²ÃV ) #!/bin/sh if [ "$1" = "" ]; then 8

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DEVICE=ppp0 else

DEVICE=$1 fi if [ -r /var/run/$DEVICE.pid ]; then kill -INT `cat /var/run/$DEVICE.pid` if [ ! "$?" = "0" ]; then rm -f /var/run/$DEVICE.pid echo "ERROR: Removed stale pid file" exit 1 fi echo "PPP link to $DEVICE terminated." exit 0 fi echo "ERROR: PPP link is not active on $DEVICE" exit 1 /etc/ppp/pap-secrets Hhw /etc/ppp/chap-secrets username * “password” * # BCHp¢fl CES¡l ®ej Hhw f¡pJu¡XÑ (H¢XHpHm hÉhq¡lL¡l£l SeÉ) * * "" * # X¡u¡m-Ce hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl SeÉ pl¡p¢l f¡pJu¡XÑ g¡Cm hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−h z

X¡u¡m BEV (H¢XHpHm) H¢XHpHm ®j¡−Xj Cb¡l−eV L¡−eƒ−ll j¡dÉ−j pw−k¡N fËc¡e Ll−mJ H¢V Bp−m HLV¡ ¢f¢f¢f pw−k¡N z k¡−L Bjl¡ hm¢R ¢f¢f¢f Ji¡l Cb¡l−eV z a−h p¡d¡lZ mÉ¡e Cb¡l−e−Vl SeÉ l¡EV¡−l Hj¢VCE (jÉ¡¢„j¡j VÊ¡¾pg¡l CE¢eV) 1500 Ll¡ q−mJ ¢f¢f¢p Ji¡l Cb¡l−eV Hl j−dÉ 8 h¡CV fË−V¡Lm HeLÉ¡fp¤−mne Ll¡l SeÉ ¢e−u ®eu z g−m ¢f¢f¢f C¾V¡l−g−pl Hj¢VCE H−p c¡s¡u 1492 h¡C−V z Bl ®p SeÉ HC C¾V¡l−gp−L j¡ú¡−l¢Xw Ll−m hÉhq¡lL¡l£l ¢f¢pl HjHpHp−L 1452 h¡ Hl ¢e−Q e¡j¡−a q−h z a−h, hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl fË¢a¢V EC−ä¡S ¢f¢pl ®l¢S¢øÊ ®O−V Hj¢VCE f¡ÒV¡−e¡l ®Q−u ®NVJ−u ®j¢n−e LÓ¡Çf HjHpHp Afne hÉhq¡l L−l Hl ®pN−j¾V p¡CS ®L ®R¡V L−l ®gm−h¡ z ®X¢iX Hg. ØL−ml ®mM¡ ®l¡¢lw ®f‰¤Ce (rp-pppoe) q−µR Bj¡l ®cM¡ ph−Q−u ®p¡S¡ (øÉ¡hm ®a¡ h−V) ¢me¡„ ¢f¢f¢fJC LÓ¡−u¾V z HV¡ L¡e¡Ñm i¡pÑe 2.0 Hhw 2.2 ®a CES¡l ®j¡X LÓ¡−u¾V ¢q−p−h hÉhq¡l q−mJ 2.8 i¡pÑe ®b−L H¢V L¡e¡Ñm ®j¡−X Q−m z ®lXqÉ¡V ¢X¢øÊ¢hEn−el p¡−b HC (rp-pppoe) LÓ¡−u¾V Q−m Bp−mJ ""Bl¢fHjg¡Cä'' p¡CV ®b−L ea¥e i¡pÑ−el C¾pVm¡lV¡ L¡S Ll−h B−l¡ i¡−m¡z #rpm -Uvh /home/shantunu/rp-pppoe-3.3.5*.rpm HC LÓ¡−u¾V AÉ¡¢fÔ−Lne C¾pVm q−u ®N−m (adsl-setup) e¡−jl HL¢V C¾V¡lAÉ¡L¢Vi ¢úÃV (pppoe.conf) g¡Cm−L Bfe¡l ¢e−Sl j−a¡ L−l ¢m−M ¢c−hz a−h, ph dl−el T¡−jm¡ Hs¡−e¡l SeÉ Bjl¡ pl¡p¢l (pppoc.conf) g¡Cm−L H¢XV Ll−h¡ z /ete/ppp/pppoe.conf

# ®kC L¡XÑ¢V H¢XHpHm ®j¡−X−jl p¡−b m¡N¡−e¡ B−R z ETH='eth1' # H¢XHpHm −fË¡i¡CX¡l Hl CES¡l ®ej z A−eL −fË¡i¡CX¡ll¡ @ Hl ¢Q−q²l fl ®b−L −X¡−jCe ®ej Q¡e USER='[email protected]' DEMAND=no #DEMAND=300 DNSTYPE=SPECIFY USEPEERDNS=no # Bfe¡l ¢XHeHp p¡iÑ¡l AÉ¡−XÊp DNS1=200.xxx.xxx.xxx DNS2=200.xxx.xxx.xxx 9

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DEFAULTROUTE=yes CONNECT_TIMEOUT=30 CONNECT_POLL=2 PING="." CF_BASE=`basename $CONFIG` PIDFILE="/var/run/$CF_BASE-adsl.pid" SYNCHRONOUS=no # BC ¢f j¡ú¡−l¢Xw Hl SeÉ Bjl¡ LÓ¡Çf HjHpHp Afne hÉhq¡l Ll−h¡ z CLAMPMSS=1452 Abh¡ 1412 LCP_INTERVAL=60 LCP_FAILURE=15 PPPOE_TIMEOUT=80 # Bjl¡ Bl.¢p g¡Cm ®b−L g¡u¡lJu¡m Q¡m¡−h¡-HM¡−e eu z FIREWALL=NONE # 2.4 L¡eÑ¡m ®b−L HC fÔ¡¢Ne¢V hÉhq¡l Ll¡ k¡u # LINUX_PLUGIN=/etc/ppp/plugins/rp-pppoe.so LINUX_PLUGIN= PPPOE_EXTRA="" PPPD_EXTRA="" QÉ¡f pe¡J²LlZ fË−V¡Lm hÉhq¡l Ll¡l SeÉ (etc/ppp/pap-secpet) Hhw (etc/ppp/chap-secpet) H CES¡l ®ej Hhw f¡pJu¡ÑX ¢m−M ¢ce z s¡u¡m-BEV (®V¢m−g¡e) ¢ÖH²ÃVV¡ ®cM§ez Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm ®~al£ Ll¡ ®no z HMe X¡u¡m Ll¦e (adsl-start ) ¢c−u z # adsl-start Hl pÇf¢LÑa phdl−el ®j−pS ®cM¡l SeÉ B−lL¢V VÑ¡¢je¡m EC−ä¡ M¤me ¤ z # tail –f /var/log/messages

g¡u¡lJu¡m/BC¢f j¡ú¡−l¢Xw/ C¾V¡l−eV −nu¡¢lw ®lXqÉ¡V 7|^ i¡pÑ−el SeÉ Bjl¡ BC¢f®Vhmp ¢c−u ®R¡VÊ HLV¡ ¢ØH²ÃV −mM−h¡ HM¡−e z a−h B−NC h−m l¡M¢R-HV¡ HLcj p¡d¡le j¡−el g¡u¡lJu¡m z i¢hoÉ−a Hl SeÉ Bm¡c¡ Lm¡j −mM¡l Lb¡ lCmz /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall (Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm) #!/bin/sh # B−Nl ph l¦m gÓÉ¡n L−l ¢c−u m¤fhÉ¡L AÉ¡−XÊp Hhw X¡u¡m-Ce hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl SeÉ l¦m ®pV iptables -F iptables iptables iptables iptables

-A -A -A -A

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT INPUT

-i -o -i -i

lo -j ACCEPT lo -j ACCEPT ppp1 -j ACCEPT ppp2 -j ACCEPT

# glJu¡¢XÑw Ll−a hm¡ q−m¡ iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p ICMP -j ACCEPT # ph¢LR¤ mN Ll¦e # iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix "FIREWALL:INPUT " # iptables -A FORWARD -j LOG --log-prefix "FIREWALL:FORWARD" 10

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# iptables -A OUTPUT

-j LOG --log-prefix "FIREWALL:OUTPUT "

# HC q−µR −pC jÉ¡¢SL m¡Ce k¡ f¤−l¡ ®eVJu¡LÑ−L j¡ú¡−lX Ll−h iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/24 –o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE # h¡¢L ph ¢LR¤ ®g−m ¢ce iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # X¡Ce¡¢jL BC¢f, ¢V¢p¢f H„¢fÔ¢pV Le−Sne Hhw l¡EV¡l ®i¢l¢g−Ln−el SeÉ echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies for f in /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/*/rp_filter; do echo 1 > $f done # BC¢f glJu¡XÑ AÉ¡¢ƒ−iV L−l ¢ce echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward g¡CmV¡−L H¢„¢LE−Vhm L−l ®cJu¡l SeÉ Le−p¡−m HC Lj¡ä¢V ¢ce

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall Bl, k¡−cl SeÉ ®eVJu¡−LÑl ¢el¡fš¡ ¢h−hQÉ eu - a¡−cl SeÉ HC ¢ae m¡C−el j¡ØL¡−l¢Xw ¢Øœ²ÃV z #!/bin/sh # HM¡−e HLV¥ ¢h−nÔoe L−l ®mM¡ q−u−R iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface ppp0 -j MASQUERADE iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface eth0 -j ACCEPT echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

H R¡s¡ Bf¢e k¢c B−Nl L¡eÑ¡m…−m¡l SeÉ BC¢f−QCepÚ h¡ BC¢fHgHX¢hÔEHj hÉhq¡l Ll−a Q¡e a¡−cl SeÉ ¢e−Ql ¢Øœ²ÃV z (öd¤j¡œ j¡ú¡−l¢Xw Hl SeÉ ) /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall (BC¢f®QCep hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl SeÉ) ipchains -P forward DENY ipchains -A forward -i pppo -s 192.168.0.0/24 -j MASQ echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall (BC¢fHgX¢hÔEH¢XHj hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl SeÉ) /sbin/ipfwadm -F -p deny /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -W pppo -S 192.168.0.0/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Bl Bf¢e k¢c fË¢ah¡l ea¥e L−l h¤V Ll¡l pju HC ¢Øœ²ÃVV¡ puw¢H²u i¡−h ®m¡X Ll−a Q¡C−m H−L C¢eV ¢Øœ²ÃV ¢q−p−h /etc/rc.d/init.d/ X¡C−lƒl£−a l¡M−a q−h z a−h ph−Q−u pqS q−µR HC g¡C−ml e¡j¢V /etc/rc.d/rc.local Hl j−dÉ ¢m−M ®cJu¡z /etc/rc.d/rc.local #!/bin/sh 11

Corporate Intranet Solutions

# ifconfig eth1 mtu 1500 /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall

X¡u¡m Ce AÉ¡−„p (®j¡−Xj) Bfe¡l¡ k¡l¡ Lj-1 ®f¡VÑ ¢c−u ®j¡−Xj Hl j¡dÉ−j BCHp¢f−a X¡u¡m-BEV mNCe Ll−Re a¡−cl SeÉJ h¡L£ c¤−V¡ ®j¡−Xj hÉhq¡l®k¡NÉ l−u−R z a−h p¡d¡lZ N¡CX m¡Ce ¢q−p−h Bf¢e ¢e−Ql RLV¡ ®cM−a f¡−lez ¢me¡−„ X¡u¡m-Ce Hl SeÉ hÉhq²a ""Hj−N¢V'' e¡−jl AÉ¡¢fÔ−Lne¢V /etc/inittab g¡C−ml j¡d¡−j Q¡m¤ Ll¡ k¡u z Bl HC "Hj−N¢V'' Bfe¡l X¡u¡m Ce AÉ¡−„−pl SeÉ ph−Q−u hÉhq²a ®Xje z /etc/inittab (HC m¡Ce c¤®V¡ ¢m−M ¢ce) S0:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -D ttyS0 S1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -D ttyS1 ¢p¢lu¡m ®f¡VÑ COM 1 COM 2 COM 3 COM 4

pgVJu¡l ®f¡VÑ TtyS0 TtyS1 TtyS2 TtyS3

/etc/inittab g¡C−m ¢h¢iæ ®f¡−VÑl hÉhq¡l−k¡NÉ Le¢gN¡−lne S0:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -D ttyS0 S1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -D ttyS1 S2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -D ttyS2 S3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -D ttyS3

a¡l "D" p¤CQ¢V Hj−N¢V−L n¤d¤j¡œ X¡V¡l SeÉ hÉhq¡l Ll−a hm−h- gÉ¡−„l SeÉ eu z HC Hj−N¢V p¡d¡lea p¡i¡Ñ−ll ¢c−Ll ¢f¢f¢f ®Xje−L puw¢H²u i¡−h Q¡m¤ L−l e¡ z Hl SeÉ ¢e−Ql m¡CeV¥L¥ ¢m−M ¢ce z /etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config g¡C−m /etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config /AutoPPP/

-

-

/usr/sbin/pppd auth -chap +pap login debug

ea¥e HLV¡ g¡Cm ®~al£ Ll¦e /etc/ppp/options.server e¡−j #touch /etc/ppp/options.server ¢m−M ¢ce ¢e−Ql Afne…−m¡ z HM¡−e Bfe¡l p¡i¡Ñ−ll AÉ¡−XÊpV¡ ¢m−M ¢ce HjHp-¢XHeHp Aw−nx /etc/ppp/options.server -detach require-pap refuse-chap asyncmap 0 modem crtscts lock login proxyarp netmask 255.255.255.0 ms-dns 192.168.0.1

Bfe¡−cl ¢eÕQuC j−e B−R ®L¡e ®L¡e Lj ®f¡VÑ…−m¡ X¡u¡m Ce ¢q−p−h fÔÉ¡e L−l¢R−mez −pC ®f¡VÑ…−m¡−L d−l /etc/ppp/options.ttyS1 Hhw /etc/ppp/options.ttyS2 g¡C−ml ®ia−l p¡iÑ¡l BC¢fx LÓ¡−u¾V BC¢f ¢q−p−h ¢m−M ®gm¤e z k¡l¡ hËXhÉ¡ä hÉhq¡l Ll−Re a¡−cl SeÉ üi¡haC Lj1 h¡ etc/ppp/options.ttySO J X¡u¡m Ce ¢q−p−h hÉhq¡l Ll¡ k¡−h z /etc/ppp/options.ttyS1 ms-dns 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1:192.168.0.100 /etc/ppp/options.ttyS2 12

Corporate Intranet Solutions

ms-dns 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1:192.168.0.101

®j¢ne ¢lh¤V e¡ L−lC ¢e−Ql Lj¡ä¢V ¢mM¤e- H„V¡le¡m ®j¡−Xj…−m¡l "V¡l¢je¡m ®lX£" HmC¢X SÆ−m EW−h z #/sbin/telinit 9 HMe Bfe¡l ®j¡−Xj…−m¡ X¡u¡m Ce p¡¢iÑp ®cJu¡l SeÉ ®~al£ z J−uh fË¢„/ú¥CX LÉ¡−n ®Xje ®lX qÉ¡−Vl ¢àa£u ¢p¢X ®b−L ú¥CX (ØVÉ¡hm) Bl¢fHjV¡ C¾pVm Ll−a q−h z B−N ®b−L C¾pVm Ll¡ b¡L−m HC flha£Ñ c¤−V¡ d¡f clL¡l ®eC z

# rpm –q squid # mount /mnt/cdrom # rpm –Uvh /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/squid-2.3.STA*.rpm

ú¥C−Xl HLV¡C Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm k¡ /etc/squid.conf e¡−j f¢l¢Qa z Bj¡−cl fË¢„−L AeÉ Cb¡l−eV L¡−XÑl (®kV¡ BCHp¢fl p¡−b pwk¤š² b¡L−h) j¡dÉ−j k¡−a hÉhq¡l e¡ Ll¡ k¡u a¡l SeÉ H−L 192.168.0.1 BC¢f−a h¡Cä Ll−h¡ z Hlp−‰ HLV¡ pqS ®f¡VÑ e¡ð¡l ¢m−M ¢ce z Hl fl Q−m k¡e HÉ¡−„p L−VÊ¡m VÉ¡−N z “http-access deny all’’ l¦m −p−Vl B−N Y¥¢L−u ¢ce “ mÉ¡eAÉ¡−„p” e¡−jl ea¥e l¦m−pV z ®NVJ−u ®j¢n−el ¢LR¤V¡ lÉ¡j Hhw q¡X ÑXÊ¡C−il LÉ¡−n X¡C−lƒl£l S¡uN¡ ¢LR¤V¡ h¡¢s−u ¢ce ú¥CX Le¢gN¡−ln−e z /etc/squid.conf http_port 192.168.0.1:8000 # . . . http_access allow localhost http_access deny all acl lanaccess src 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 http_access allow lanaccess # Bfe¡l

BCHp¢fl fË¢„ AÉ¡−XÊp ¢m−M ¢ce HM¡−e

cache_peer proxy.yourisp.net parent 3128 3130 # ¢ce e¡ h¡¢s−u ¢LR¤ lÉ¡j ú¥C−Xl SeÉ cache_mem 16 MB # 300 ®jN¡h¡CV ¢c−u ¢ce LÉ¡−n X¡C−lƒ¢ll SeÉ cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 300 16 256

Hlfl ú¥CX−L a¡l LÉ¡−n X¡C−lƒl£ C¢e¢nu¡m¡CS Llh¡l SeÉ ¢e−Ql Lj¡ä¢V ¢ce z Hlfl Q¡m¤ Ll¦e ú¥CX z # squid –Z # service squid start

Bfe¡l mÉ¡e h¡ X¡u¡m Ce hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl hË¡ES¡−l fË¢„l ®q¡−øl S¡uN¡u ®NVJ−u ®j¢n−el BC¢f 192.168.0.1 Hhw ®f¡−VÑl S¡uN¡u "8000" ¢m−M ¢ce z VÊ¡¾pf¡−l¾V fË¢„ hÉhq¡lL¡l£−cl ph ¢f¢p−a ®k−u hÊ¡ES¡l …−m¡−a fË¢„ ®p¢Vw ®mM¡ ®hn T¡−jm¡l L¡S q−a f¡−l z Bl ®p L¡l−e Bf¢e VÊ¡¾pf¡−l¾V fË¢„ ¢q−p−h ú¥C−Xl HCQ¢V¢V¢f H−„m¡−lne ®j¡−Xl p¤¢hd¡ ¢e−a f¡−le z ú¥C−Xl Le¢gN¡−lne g¡Cm M¤m¤e z ¢e−Ql m¡Ce…−m¡l p¡j−e "#" ¢Qq² j¤−R (BeL−j¾V) ¢ce z /etc/squid.conf httpd_accel_host virtual httpd_accel_port 80 httpd_accel_with_proxy on 13

Corporate Intranet Solutions

httpd_accel_uses_host_header on

Hh¡l , Bfe¡l mÉ¡−el pLm hÊ¡ES¡l kMe J−uh AÉ¡−„−pl SeÉ ®f¡VÑ "80" ®a ¢l−L¡−uø f¡W¡−h - aMe BC¢f−Vhmp Hl L¡S q−h a¡−L fË¢„l ®f¡−VÑ AbÑ¡v ®f¡VÑ 8000 H f¡¢W−u ®cu¡ z HC m¡CeV¡ Y¥¢L−u ¢ce /etc/r.cd/rc.firewall g¡C−mz # iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --toport 8000

h¤T−aC f¡l−Re "etho" q−µR Bfe¡l ®NVJ−u ®j¢n−el mÉ¡−el p¡−b pw−k¡NL¡l£ C¾V¡l−gpV¡ z ¢XHeHp - ®ej p¡iÑ¡l (h¡Cä -9) h¡Cä−L B−N ®b−L C¾pVm Ll¡ e¡ b¡L−m Hl SeÉ c¤−V¡ Bl¢fHj (j¤m h¡Cä Hhw LÉ¡¢pw-Ae¢m) C¾pVm L−l ¢eez

# mount /mnt/cdrom # rpm -Uvh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/bind-9*.rpm # rpm -Uvh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/caching-nameserver-*.rpm

h¡C−äl j¤m Le¢gN¡−lne g¡C−m "Afne" Aw−n "glJu¡XÑ¡l" ¢q−p−h A¡fe¡l BCHp¢fl ¢XHeHp p¡iÑ¡l…−m¡l e¡j ®mM¤e z HM¡−e ®m¡L¡m ®q¡ø−L m¤LBf Ll¡−e¡l SeÉ c¤−V¡ ®S¡e g¡Cm ¢mM−h¡ z /etc/named.conf // $FreeBSD: named-cache.conf,v 2.6 2004/08/12 12:30:23 shantunu Exp $ controls { inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; }; }; include "/etc/rndc.key"; acl clients { 192.168.0.0/24; ::1; }; options { directory "/var/named/"; forward only; forwarders { 202.x.x.x; 202.x.x.x; }; //BCHp¢fl ¢XHeHp p¡iÑ¡−ll AÉ¡−XÊp q−h version "never give out your version"; listen-on { any; }; allow-recursion { clients; }; }; zone

"0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file

"0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.zone";

}; zone

"localhost" { type master; file

"localhost.zone";

}; /var/named/localhost.zone (®m¡L¡m®q¡ø ®S¡e g¡Cm) ; $FreeBSD: localhost.zone,v 2.6 2004/08/12 12:42:53 shantunu Exp $ $TTL 86400 14

Corporate Intranet Solutions

@

IN

SOA

@ root.localhost ( 1 ; serial 28800 ; refresh 7200 ; retry 604800 ; expire 86400 ; ttl )

@ @

IN IN

NS A

localhost. 127.0.0.1

/var/named/0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.zone

(®m¡L¡m®q¡ø ¢li¡pÑ ®S¡e g¡Cm)

; $FreeBSD: 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.zone,v 2.6 2004/08/12 12:35:43 shantunu Exp $ $TTL 86400 @ IN

SOA

localhost. root.localhost ( 1 ; serial 28800 ; refresh 7200 ; retry 604800 ; expire 86400 ; ttk )

@ 1

NS PTR

localhost. localhost.

IN IN

/etc/nsswitch.conf (¢XHeHp Hl Awn e¡ q−mJ HC g¡Cm¢V M¤−m fl£r¡ Ll¦e) hosts: networks: protocols:

files dns files files nisplus

p¡¢iÑp puw¢œ²u i¡−h Q¡m¤LlZ Hhw ¢Øœ²ÃV X¡Ee®m¡X üi¡haC Bf¢e Q¡C−he ®NVJ−u ®j¢n−e ¢h−no ¢h−no p¡¢iÑp…−m¡ öl¦ ®b−L Q¡m¤ Ll−a z "®eV¢pp¢i" Lj¡ä¢V Q¡m¤ Ll−mC p¡¢iÑp ø¡VÑ-Bf ®je¤ Q−m Bp−h z # netsysv Bfe¡l fR−¾cl p¡¢iÑp…−m¡ ®Øfph¡l ¢c−u ¢p−mƒ L−l ¢ee z p¡d¡leax h¡Cä, −pä−jCm, BC¢p−Vhmp, ú¥CX, Hhw B−l¡ clL¡l£ p¡¢iÑp…−m¡ ¢p−øj h¤−Vl pju Q¡m¤ Ll−a Q¡C−he ph¡C z k¢cJ HM¡−e hÉhq©a ph ¢Øœ²ÃV…−m¡ ¢me¡„ XL¥−j−¾Vn−e Ec¡qlZ ¢q−p−h B−R a®h, k¡l¡ HC g¡Cm…−m¡ L¢f L−l ®fø Ll−a Q¡C−he - a¡−cl SeÉ HC f¤−l¡ XL¥−j¾VV¡C ®cu¡ l−u−R J−u−h z AÉ¡−œ²¡hÉ¡V ¢lX¡l ®b−L ®V„V ¢p−mLne V¥mp¢V hÉhq¡l L−l L¢f Ll−a f¡−le HC ¢Øœ²ÃV…−m¡ z www.angelfire.com/mac2/nextstep/upload/netmasq.pdf a¡lfl | | | A−eL L¡V¡L¥¢V L−l −no fkÑ¿¹ "AÉ¡ø¡¢lú" Hl X¡u¡m fÔÉ¡e Hhw l¡E¢Vw Le−V„V Bf−m¡X L−l ¢cm¡j Ešl¡l Ll−f¡−lV ®qX−L¡u¡VÑ¡l Hl ¢me¡„ h−„ z ¢h¢V¢V¢h ®V¢m−g¡e ®eVJu¡−LÑl AÉ¡−„¢p¢h¢m¢V ®ch¡l SeÉ Q¡lV¡ "C-Ju¡e" C¾V¡l−gp m¡N¡−e¡ q−u−R ¢X¢Su¡j Ju¡Cô L¡XÑ ¢f¢pBC pÔ−Vz HC HLC L¡SV¡ B−N ¢fHp¢VHe Hl ®Lhm fÔÉ¡¾V ®b−L ®V¢m−g¡e m¡Ce ¢e−u QÉ¡−em hÉ¡w−L m¡¢N−u Ll¡ q−a¡ z fËbj fl£r¡j§mL Lm ®VÊp Ll¡l SeÉ ®eVJu¡−LÑ fÔ¡NCe Llm¡j ®pÀ¡j BC¢f-−g¡eV¡−L z Q¡l pwMÉ¡l q©¢cl e¡ð¡l X¡u¡m Ll−aC ¢aeV¡ ¢lw Hl f−lC "g−m¡-¢j" g£Q¡l Q¡m¤ q−u ®Nm z Bj¡l A¢gp ®b−L Jl A¢g−pl ¢lw…−m¡ öe−a −fm¡jz Lm ®VÊ¢pw m−N ®cM−a f¡¢µRm¡j Hl BCHH„ (C¾V¡l AÉ¡ø¡¢lú H„−Q”) fË−V¡Lm ¢j¢Xu¡ −NVJ−u ¢c−u Q−m ®Nm J−cl ®h¡ØV−el ¢me¡„ h−„z LmV¡l øÉ¡V¡p X¡Ci¡−VÑX b¡L¡−a ¢V-Ju¡e m¡Ce ¢c−u −hl q−u ®Nm ®il¡CSe ®eVJu¡−LÑ z Ll−f¡−lV f¢m¢p Ae¤k¡u£ HC ®V¡m h¡Cf¡p Hl fup¡V¡ …e−a q−h 15

Corporate Intranet Solutions

Bj¡−L z a−h, Ll−f¡−lV ¢i¢fHe Hl Efl Q¡f Lj¡−e¡l SeÉ i−upf¡mpÚ Hl CEHp-48 ®ø−Vl ®NVJ−u hÉhq¡−ll hÉ¡f¡−l fËØa¡h ®cu¡ q−u−R jÉ¡−eS−j¾V−L z "jÉ¡p f¡CL [jÉ¡p¡Q¥−pVÚp V¡eÑ f¡CL] ®b−L Bh¡l BC-e¡Ce¢V [C¾V¡l®øV] dlm¡j HMe" – q©¢c Jl ®pm−g¡−el qÉ¡äp-¢é L¡l m¡CV¡−l fÔ¡NCe Ll−a Ll−a Ešl ¢cm " d®l¡, Bl Bs¡C O¾V¡ m¡N−h jÉ¡eqÉ¡V¡−e ®f±R¡−a z H¢c−L HgHj ®øne úÉ¡e Ll−aC ¢ØfÐw¢g−ôl HLV¡ ®øne d−l¢R z J−je Ce ®QCe N¡e¢V ¢c−u¢Rm ¢LR¤rZ B−Nz f¤l−e¡ ¢c−el Lb¡ j−e fs−R öd¤ z" z Jl Lb¡l j¡−T h¡Ns¡ ¢c−a je Q¡C¢Rm e¡ Blz eø¡mS¡l Aa−m q¡¢l−u k¡Ju¡ ®b−L ¢e−S−L BVL¡−a CµR¡ q−m¡ e¡z N¡eV¡ ®L ®N−u−Ra¡ S¡e¡l CµR¡ q−mJ Jl hLhL¡¢e b¡j¡m¡j e¡ Bl z abÉp¤œ Hhw flhaÑ£ fs¡−n¡e¡ www.tldp.org/LDP/solrhe/Securing-Optimizing-Linux-RH-Edition-v1.3/ www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/ www.tldp.org/guides.html www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7.2-Manual/custom-guide/ www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/index.html www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/ www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/ www.zytrax.com/books/ www.cis.ufl.edu/~jnw/SysAdminfa04/Lectures/

16