Chapter I Intro To Prophetic Literature
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Chapter I: Introduction to Prophetic See David L. Petersen, Literature “Introduction to Prophetic Literature” in The New International Bible Commentary VI, pp.1-23.
A. The Scope of Prophetic Literature
What is Prophetic Literature? Hebrew Canon Authorship / Redaction Christian Tradition
1. Hebrew Canon = TaNaK Torah Nebiim Ketubim
Nebiim Josh-Judg-Sam-Kgs (“Former Prophets”)
Is-Jer-Ezek-12 (“Latter Prophets”)
The Twelve: Ho-Jo-Am Ob-Jon-Mi Na-Ha-Zep Hag-Zech-Mal
Historical Books as Prophetic Books?
•
•
1) Deut 18:15-18 and 2 Kgs 17:13 2) 1 Chr 29:29 “Israel’s prophets were of fundamental importance for understanding Israelite History” (p. 2). Problem: Christian Tradition does not regard the Historical Books as Prophetic Books.
2. Authorship
What the prophets have “said”. Problem: Literature about the prophets. E.g. Elisha and Gehazi in 2 Kgs 8:4-5. Jeremiah and Baruch in Jer 45:1 Second Isaiah Zechariah 9-14
3. Christian Tradition
Baruch (Deuterocanonical) Daniel (“Prophet” in LXX) Mt 24:15 Josephus (Antiquities x 11,7) Placed after Ezekiel (in the Latin Vulgate) The book was probably too late (ca. 150 B.C.) to be included among the prophets in the Hebrew Canon.
What is Prophetic Literature?
It is the literature that attests to or grows out of the ministry and activity of Israel’s prophets (p. 3).
B . The Term “Prophet”
Etymology of “prophet”
Greek prophete tes “to foresee” But also “one who proclaims a message on behalf of another, generally a deity” (Blenkinsopp, p. 27).
Labels and Roles
1) Hözeh “seer” - an individual who receives and reports visions
See Amos 7:12
2) rö´eh “diviner” -one who has the gift of second sight or extrasensory perception (“manghuhula”)
See 1 Samuel 9:9
3) ´îš-hä´élöhîm “man of God” – a person who possesses the power of the Holy, hence, are dangerous, powerful, and must be respected. See Elijah in 1 Kgs 17:18; Elisha in 2 Kgs 4:1-37
4) näbî´ “prophet” (nübì´îm prophets) ( Akkadian root nabu “to call” näbî´ as “the called one”
See the call of Jeremiah (1:4-10); Isaiah (6); and Ezekiel (1-3)
5) nübî´â “prophetess” A woman who serves as a channel of communication between the human and the divine worlds. Prophetesses played a central role in Israel’s early history.
-see R. R. Wilson, “Prophetess” in HarperCollins Bible Dictionary, p. 889.
Miriam (Exod 15:20-21) Deborah (Judg 4:1-10) Huldah (2 Kgs 22:14-20) Noadiah (Neh 6: 10-14) *Anna (Luke 2:36-38) *Jezebel (Rev 2:20)
Roles of Prophets
Basically intermediaries.
They mediate between the human and divine worlds. Examples: Amos 7:2 Amos 5:4 Amos 7:4 Isa 6 Micah 3
Some prophets are priests
Three religious and intellectual leaders in Ancient Israel
Sage, Priest, and Prophet
Jeremiah (Jer 1:1) Ezekiel (Ezek 1:3) Zechariah (Zech 1:1 and Neh 12:16) Joel (Joel 1:13-14; 19; 2:18-20) Zephaniah (Zeph 3:14-15)
A. The Scope of Prophetic Literature
What is Prophetic Literature? Hebrew Canon Authorship / Redaction Christian Tradition
1. Hebrew Canon = TaNaK Torah Nebiim Ketubim
Nebiim Josh-Judg-Sam-Kgs (“Former Prophets”)
Is-Jer-Ezek-12 (“Latter Prophets”)
The Twelve: Ho-Jo-Am Ob-Jon-Mi Na-Ha-Zep Hag-Zech-Mal
Historical Books as Prophetic Books?
•
•
1) Deut 18:15-18 and 2 Kgs 17:13 2) 1 Chr 29:29 “Israel’s prophets were of fundamental importance for understanding Israelite History” (p. 2). Problem: Christian Tradition does not regard the Historical Books as Prophetic Books.
2. Authorship
What the prophets have “said”. Problem: Literature about the prophets. E.g. Elisha and Gehazi in 2 Kgs 8:4-5. Jeremiah and Baruch in Jer 45:1 Second Isaiah Zechariah 9-14
3. Christian Tradition
Baruch (Deuterocanonical) Daniel (“Prophet” in LXX) Mt 24:15 Josephus (Antiquities x 11,7) Placed after Ezekiel (in the Latin Vulgate) The book was probably too late (ca. 150 B.C.) to be included among the prophets in the Hebrew Canon.
What is Prophetic Literature?
It is the literature that attests to or grows out of the ministry and activity of Israel’s prophets (p. 3).
B . The Term “Prophet”
Etymology of “prophet”
Greek prophete tes “to foresee” But also “one who proclaims a message on behalf of another, generally a deity” (Blenkinsopp, p. 27).
Labels and Roles
1) Hözeh “seer” - an individual who receives and reports visions
See Amos 7:12
2) rö´eh “diviner” -one who has the gift of second sight or extrasensory perception (“manghuhula”)
See 1 Samuel 9:9
3) ´îš-hä´élöhîm “man of God” – a person who possesses the power of the Holy, hence, are dangerous, powerful, and must be respected. See Elijah in 1 Kgs 17:18; Elisha in 2 Kgs 4:1-37
4) näbî´ “prophet” (nübì´îm prophets) ( Akkadian root nabu “to call” näbî´ as “the called one”
See the call of Jeremiah (1:4-10); Isaiah (6); and Ezekiel (1-3)
5) nübî´â “prophetess” A woman who serves as a channel of communication between the human and the divine worlds. Prophetesses played a central role in Israel’s early history.
-see R. R. Wilson, “Prophetess” in HarperCollins Bible Dictionary, p. 889.
Miriam (Exod 15:20-21) Deborah (Judg 4:1-10) Huldah (2 Kgs 22:14-20) Noadiah (Neh 6: 10-14) *Anna (Luke 2:36-38) *Jezebel (Rev 2:20)
Roles of Prophets
Basically intermediaries.
They mediate between the human and divine worlds. Examples: Amos 7:2 Amos 5:4 Amos 7:4 Isa 6 Micah 3
Some prophets are priests
Three religious and intellectual leaders in Ancient Israel
Sage, Priest, and Prophet
Jeremiah (Jer 1:1) Ezekiel (Ezek 1:3) Zechariah (Zech 1:1 and Neh 12:16) Joel (Joel 1:13-14; 19; 2:18-20) Zephaniah (Zeph 3:14-15)
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