Chapter 5 - Copy.docx

CHAPTER 5 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

5.1 SITE PLANNING Site planning and design require the professional to consider a broad range of concerns in the synthesis of a design concept. There are the physical aspects of the site itself, the vision or program of the client, the designer’s own creative inclination, the concerns of the community, and the interests of the end user. The zoning requirements are intended to regulate the density and geometry of development, specifying roadway widths and parking and drainage requirements, and define natural resource protection areas. Must incorporate an accurate description of: 1.

Shape, size, orientation of the site and easements.

2.

Levels and contours of the site and the difference in levels between the site and surrounding properties.

3.

The location and height of existing buildings on the site and surrounding properties

4.

The use of surrounding buildings, including location of habitable rooms. The location of private open space of surrounding properties and the location of trees, fences and other.

5.

Landscape elements.

6.

Solar access to the site and surrounding properties. •Street frontage features such as poles, street trees, footpaths and kerb crossovers.

5.2 PLANNING An office building must have flexible and technologically-advanced working environments that are safe, healthy, comfortable, durable, aesthetically-pleasing, and accessible. It must be able to accommodate the specific space and equipment needs of the tenant. Special attention should be made to the selection of interior finishes and art

installations, particularly in entry spaces, conference rooms and other areas with public access.

5.2.1 TYPES OF SPACES An office building incorporates a number of space types to meet the needs of staff and visitors. These may include: (A) OFFICES Offices: May be private or semi-private. Conference Rooms/ Meeting rooms (B) EMPLOYEE/VISITOR SUPPORT SPACES 1.

Convenience Store, Kiosk, or Vending Machines

2.

Lobby: Central location for building directory, schedules, and general information

3.

Atria or Common Space: Informal, multi-purpose recreation and social gathering space

4.

Cafeteria or Dining Hall

5.

Toilets or Restrooms

6.

Physical Fitness Area

7.

Interior or Surface Parking Areas

(C) ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT SPACES Administrative Offices: May be private or semi-private acoustically and/or visually. (D) OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SPACES 1.

General Storage: For items such as stationery, equipment.

2.

Food Preparation Area or Kitchen

3.

Computer/Information Technology (IT) Closets. See WBDG Automated Data Processing centre for PC System related information

4.

Maintenance Closets

(E) COST-EFFECTIVE The high-performance office should be evaluated using life-cycle economic and material evaluation models. To achieve the optimum performance value engineering provides a means for assessing the performance versus cost of each design element and building component. In the design phase building development, properly applied value engineering considers alternative design solutions to optimize the expected cost/worth ratio of projects at completion. (F) URBAN PLANNING The concentration of a large number of workers within one building can have a significant impact on neighborhoods. Consideration of transportation issues must also be given when developing office structures. Office buildings are often impacted by urban planning and municipal zoning, which attempt to promote compatible land use and vibrant neighborhoods. (G) FUNCTIONAL/OPERATIONAL The building design must consider the integrated requirements of the intended tenants. This includes their desired image, degree of public access, operating hours, growth demands, security issues and vulnerability assessment results, organization and group sizes, growth potential, long-term consistency of need, group assembly requirements, electronic equipment and technology requirements, acoustical requirements, special floor loading and filing/storage requirements, special utility services, any material handling or operational process flows, special health hazards, use of vehicles and types of vehicles used, and economic objectives. (H) FLEXIBILITY The high-performance office must easily and economically accommodate frequent renovation and alteration. These modifications may be due to management reorganization, personnel shifts, changes in business models, or the advent of technological innovation, but the office infrastructure, interior systems, and furnishings must be up to the challenge. 1.

Consider raised floors to allow for easy access to cabling and power distribution, as well as advanced air distribution capabilities to address individual occupant comfort.

2.

Incorporate features such as plug-and-play floor boxes for power, data, voice and fiber, modular and harnessed wiring and buses, and conferencing hubs to allow for daily flexibility at work as well as future reorganization of office workstations.

(I) PRODUCTIVE Worker Satisfaction, Health, and Comfort of employees in a high-performance office area of paramount concern. 1.

Utilize strategies such as increased fresh air ventilation rates, the specification of nontoxic and low-polluting materials and systems, and indoor air quality monitoring.

2.

Provide individualized climate control that permits users to set their own, localized temperature, ventilation rate, and air movement preferences.

3.

Access to windows and view, opportunities for interaction, and control of one's immediate environment are some of the factors that contribute to improved workplace satisfaction.

4.

Natural light is important to the health and psychological well-being of office workers. The design of office environments must place emphasis on providing each occupant with access to natural light and views to the outside. A minimum of 100-150 LUX of diffused indirect natural light is desirable.

5.

The acoustical environment of the office must be designed and integrated with the other architectural systems and furnishings of the office. Special consideration must be given to noise control in open office settings, with absorptive finish materials, masking white noise, and sufficient separation of individual occupants.

(J) TECHNICAL CONNECTIVITY 1.

Technology has become an indispensable tool for business, industry, and education. Given that technology is consider the following issues when incorporating it, particularly information technology (IT), into an office:

2.

Plan new office buildings to have a distributed, robust, and flexible IT infrastructure.

3.

During the planning stage, identify all necessary technological systems (e.g., voice/ cable/data systems such as audio/visual systems, speaker systems, Internet access,

and Local Area Networks [LAN] / Wide-Area Networks [WAN] / Wireless Fidelity [WI-FI]), and provide adequate equipment rooms and conduit runs for them. 4.

Consider and accommodate for wireless technologies, as appropriate.

5.

For existing office buildings, consider improving access to the IT infrastructure as renovations are undertaken.

5.3 STUDY ON BYE-LAWS 5.3.1 SIZE OF DRAWING SHEETS

Table 5.3.1: Drawing Sheet Sizes

5.4 KEY PLAN: A key plan drawn to a scale of not less than 1: 10,000 shall be submitted along with notice showing boundary and location of the site with respect of neighborhood land marks, in area where there is no approved layout plans.

5.4.1 SITE PLAN: The site plan to be sent along with the application for permit shall be drawn to a scale of 1: l00 for plots up to 500 sq. mt. in size and on a scale of 1:500 for plots above 500 sq. mt. in size. The plan shall show as below: 1.

The boundaries of the site and any contiguous land belonging to the owner thereof. b) The position of the site in relation to neighbouring street.

2.

The names of the streets on which the building is proposed to be situated, if any.

3.

All existing buildings standing on, over or under the site.

4.

he position of the building and of all other buildings, if any, which the applicant intends to erect upon his contiguous land referred to in (a) in relation to a.

The boundaries of the site and in case where the site has been partitioned, the boundaries of the portion; owned by the applicant and also of the portions owned by others.

b.

All adjacent streets / buildings (with number of storey and height) and premises within a distance of 12m. of the site and of the contiguous land, if any, referred to in (a); and

c.

If there is no street within a distance of 12 mt. of the site, the nearest existing street.

1.

The means of access from the street to the building, and to all other buildings, if any which the applicant intends to erect upon his contiguous land, referred to in (a).

2.

Space to be left about the building to secure a free circulation of air, admission of light and access.

3.

The width of the street, if any, in front, at the sides or rear of building.

4.

The direction of north point relative to the plan of the buildings.

5.

Any existing physical features such as well, drains, trees, overhead electric supply lines etc.

6.

The ground area of the whole property and the breakup of covered area on each floor with the calculation for percentage covered in each floor in terms of the total area of the plot as required under the Bye-Laws governing the coverage of the area.

7.

Parking plans indicating the parking spaces wherever required.

8.

Such other particulars as may be prescribed by the Authority; and

9.

Building number or plot number of the property on which the building is intended to be erected.

5.5 DEVELOPMENT CODES 5.5.1 ADDITIONAL FAR

Table 5.5.1: Additional far formula Where, a = Parking provision value b = Disaster emergency provision value c = Urban Form value d = Pedestrian Safety value e = Induced informal activities value x = Impact on essential services value y = Impact on environment value m = Land Use value n = Accessibility (Right of way of the approach road) value o = Congestion (Mobility index in terms of travel speed) value p = Heritage Value

5.5.2 STAIRCASE/EXIT REQUIREMENTS The minimum clear width, minimum tread width and maximum riser of staircases for buildings shall be as given as below (see also Part 4 ‘Fire and Life Safety of NBC 2005)

Table 5.5.2: Minimum Width of Staircase

5.5.3 MINIMUM TREAD 1.

The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 250 mm for residential buildings.

2.

The minimum width of tread for other buildings shall be 300 mm.

5.5.4 MAXIMUM RISER 1.

The maximum height of riser shall be 190 mm for residential buildings and 150 mm for other buildings and these shall be limited to 12 per flight.

2.

The minimum head-room in a passage under the landing of a staircase shall be 2.2 m. The minimum clear head-room in any staircase shall be 2.2 m.

5.4.4 CAPACITY OF EXITS The capacity of exits (staircase, ramps and doorways) indicating the number of persons could be safety evacuated through a unit exit width of 50 cm shall be as given below:

Table 5.4.4 Occupants Per Unit Exit Width

5.4.5 MINIMUM WIDTH OF PASSAGE AND CORRIDORS The following minimum width provisions shall be made for each passage way/corridor. 1.

Residential buildings, dwelling unit type. 1.00 m.

2.

Residential buildings, e.g., hostels, etc. 1.25 m.

3.

Assembly buildings like auditorium theatre and cinemas. 2.00 m.

4.

All other buildings including hotels. 1.50 m.

5.

Hospital, Nursing Homes, etc. 2.40 m.

5.4.6 RAMPS 1.

The ramp to basement and parking floors shall not be less than 7.2m wide for two way traffic and 4 m wide for one way traffic, provided with Gradient of 1:10 for cars and 1:15 for heavy vehicles. At curved portions of the ramp or for circular ramps the slope should not be more than 1:12.

2.

Ramps may also be provided in the setbacks which can be sloped considering unhindered movement of fire engine and in no case the gradient shall be less than 1:10.

3.

All structural design/safety aspects as per latest BIS Codes & NBC, 2005 shall be complied along with consideration of weight of Fire Engine & its maneuverings.

4.

The minimum width of the ramps in hospitals shall be 2.4 m for stretcher and not for vehicular movement

5.

In this case Handrails shall be provided on both sides of the ramp.

6.

Ramps shall lead directly to outside open space at ground level or courtyards or safe place

5.4.7 VENTILATION SHAFT For ventilating the spaces for water closets and bathrooms, if not opening on the front side, rear and interior open spaces, shall open on the ventilation shaft, the size, of which shall not be less than the values given below:

Table 5.4.7: Size of Ventilation Shaft

5.4.8 PARKING STANDARDS Parking Standards have been prescribed for Government 1.8 Equivalent Car Spaces (ECS) per 100 sq m. of floor area. 1.

In existing buildings having plot area of more than 2000 sq m., an extra ground coverage of 5% shall be permissible for construction of automated multilevel parking to provide dedicated parking structures for additional needs.

2.

For the provision of car parking spaces, the space standards shall be as given

3.

In the use premises, parking on the given standards shall be provided within the plot

Table 5.4.8: Space Standards for Car Parking

5.4.9 BASEMENTS 1.

Basement(s) up to the setback line maximum equivalent to parking and services requirement, such as Air Conditioning Plant and equipment, water storage, Boiler, Electric Sub-Station HT and LT Panel rooms, Transformer Compartment, Control Room, Pump House, Generator Room and other mechanical services and installation of electrical and firefighting equipment, and other services required for the maintenance of the building with prior approval of the concerned agencies, could be permitted and not to be counted in FAR. However, the area provided for services should not exceed 30 % of the basement area.

2.

The basement(s) above the plot level shall be kept flushed with the ground and shall be ventilated with mechanical means of ventilation; and

3.

Basement(s) shall be designed to take full load of the fire tender, wherever required and subject to adequate safety measures.

4.

In case the basement is used for activity in conformity with the use premises, wherever permitted, the same shall be counted in FAR subject to clearance from the Fire Authorities and other statutory bodies.

5.

The ESS, firefighting installations and underground water tank shall neither be counted in ground coverage nor in FAR

5.5 SITE SPECIFICATIONS 5.5.1 LOCATION AND BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS The proposed site is located at pillaichavady, kalapet, puducherry. The plot area is about 20,449 m2. It consists of two blocks, main block and secondary block. The main blocks is the IT office building consist of G+10 floors and a basement car parking. The built up area is about 4284.78 m2. The secondary block is consisting of G+2 floors having food court and gym and the built up area is 740 m2. The pond area is about 2163.83 m2 and the outdoor car parking is 717465.10 m2. two wheeler parking is about 829 m2. Figure 5.5.1 shows the site location.

Figure: 5.5.1

5.5.2 WORKING WITH AUTOCAD.

Figure 5.5.2.1: Site Plan

Figure 5.5.2.2: Main Block Ground Floor Plan

Figure: 5.5.2.3 Main Block Typical Floor Plan 1st,2nd And 3rd

Figure 5.5.2.4 Main Block Fourth Floor Plan

Figure 5.5.2.5 Main Block Typical Floor Plan 5th To 10th

Figure 5.5.2.6 Main Block Sectional View 1

Figure 5.5.2.7 Sectional View 2

Figure 5.5.2.8 Main Block Column Layout

Figure 5.5.2.9: Secondary Block Typical Floor Plan Ground Floor And 1st Floor

Figure 5.5.2.10: Secondary block 2nd floor plan

Figure 5.5.2.11: Secondary Block North Elevation

Figure 5.5.2.12: Secondary Block Sectional View

5.5.3 WORKING WITH ARCHICAD 3D 5.5.3.1 SUSTAINABLE FEATURES OF THE SITE

Proposed main block is designed based on the the path of the sun to get maximum solar radiation and optimized usage of the daylight to reduce energy consumption. For that solar panels are placed on the south and east sides of the struc;ture and also placed on the roof top. Rain water are collected from the roof top and used for flushing toilets and other uses. rain water from the drains is collected in the south side placed pond throughout the year and it used for irrigating the garden. The optimized design of the structure allows enough daylight into the building so it reduces the usage of the artificial lightening. The atrium act as a breathing structure of the building.The used conditioned air is again allowed into the atrium for ventilation.

Figure 5.5.3.1: Orientation to the part of the sun

Figure 5.5.3.2 Optimized Daylight Concept

Figure 5.5.3.3 Overall View of the Site

Figure 5.5.3.4: Main Block- North View

Figure 5.5.3.5 Main Block-South View

Figure 5.5.3: Atrium View

Figure 5.5.3.7: View From Fourth Floor

Figure 5.5.3.8: Cafeteria

Figure 5.5.3.9: office space view

Figure 5.5.3.10: Secondary Block

Figure 5.5.3.11: Food Court View 1

Figure5.5.3.12: Food Court View 2

5.5.4 AMENITIES

1.

Bank.

2.

Atm.

3.

Cafeteria.

4.

Food court.

5.

Recreational facilities like gym, tennis court and park.

6.

Basement parking and outdoor parking.