Ch 6 Study Guide

Ch 6 study guide Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 1. In an electron dot diagram, each dot represents a(an) ______________________________. 2. In an ionic compound, the attractions between cations and ______________ hold the compound together. 3. In the binary ionic compound potassium bromide, KBr, the element that forms cations is ____________. 4. The chemical formula for calcium chloride, CaCl2, shows that the compound contains two ____________________ ions for every ____________________ ion. 5. KBr is the formula for an ionic compound. The fact that neither symbol is followed by a subscript means that there is a(an) _________________________ ratio of ions in the compound. 6. You are given the melting points of three unknown substances and asked to predict which is an ionic compound. You would select the compound with the ____________________ melting point. 7. The ions in solid sodium chloride are arranged in a structure called a(an) ____________________ lattice. 8. If there are two long dashes between two atoms in a structural formula, molecules of the compound contain a(an) ____________________ bond. 9. A polar covalent bond forms when _________________________ are not shared equally between atoms. 10. Two factors that determine whether a molecule is polar are the types of atoms in the molecule and the ____________________ of the molecule. 11. When cesium and fluorine react, they form an ionic compound called cesium ____________________. 12. A(An) ______________ ion is a covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge. 13. In ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the cations and anions must be ____________________. 14. The compound whose formula is SO3 is called sulfur ____________________. 15. The metallic bonds in a transition metal, such as tungsten, are stronger than the metallic bonds in a(an) ____________________ metal, such as sodium. 16. In general, the more _________________________ a metal has, the stronger its metallic bonds will be. 17. Among the elements potassium, lithium, and iron, the metallic bonds are likely to be strongest in ____________________. 18. In a metal lattice, ____________________ are surrounded by a pool of shared electrons. 19. In its simplest form, the alloy brass consists of zinc and ____________________. 20. To produce stainless steel, ____________________ is added to iron. Short Answer 21. In a periodic table that included electron dot diagrams, in which column would the diagrams contain more dots—Group 2A (the alkaline metals) or Group 7A (the halogens)?

22. In an electron dot diagram of rubidium, there is one dot. In an electron dot diagram of silicon, there are four dots. Which element would you expect to be more reactive?

Figure 6-1 23. Study the electron dot diagrams in Figure 6-1. Which of the elements are most likely to react and form a compound? What type of compound are they likely to form? 24. Potassium, an alkali metal, and bromine, a halogen, are both in Period 4 of the periodic table. Which element has a higher ionization energy? Explain your answer. 25. In the binary ionic compound lithium iodide, LiI, which element forms anions? 26. Are covalent bonds more likely to be found in compounds containing both metals and nonmetals or compounds containing only nonmetals? 27. Suppose a covalent compound has a relatively high boiling point compared to molecules with a similar mass. Are the molecules in the compound likely to be polar or nonpolar? 28. The molecules in compound AB are strongly polar, while the molecules in compound XY are nonpolar. Which substance probably has the higher boiling point? 29. In potassium bromide, KBr, which element forms anions? 30. In sodium chloride, NaCl, are the cations sodium ions or chloride ions? 31. How do you know that magnesium is the more metallic element in the compound magnesium oxide, MgO? 32. The structure in a metal lattice can be described as cations surrounded by a pool of shared electrons. What two properties of metals can be explained by this structure? \

33. Why are metals good conductors of electric current? 34. Which material is most likely to shatter if you strike it with a hammer—sodium chloride or bronze? \