Study Guide Ch
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En el vecindario – Capítulo 2 !Exprésate! Vocabulario 1: Conocer to know a person, place, art Saber to know a fact/how to do something Un vecino/a neighbor Secretaria secretary Una oficina office El cartero mail man El salón de belleza beauty shop Cuidar to take care of Los enfermos sick people La enfermera nurse El comerciante businessman La mujer cartero mail lady El trabajador social social Yorker El ingeniero engineer Ayudar to help Un incendio fire Conducir to drive Un bombero fireman Juntos together La mujer policía female cop Contar to count/to tell Decir to say Prestar to lend Dedicarse to dedicate oneself Diseñar to design mejor better el banquero banker unos consejos advine igualmente likewise el gusto es mío the pleasure is mine
un vecindario neighborhood un barrio neighborhood trabajar to work mecánico mechanic el taller Workshops el abogado Sawyer la peluquera hair dresser los niños children el médico doctor el cocinero Cook/chef el dentista dentista el periodista journalist construir to Guild el carpintero Carpenter la gente people el conductor driver el camión truck apagar to put out el policía policeman arreglar to fix dar to give enseñar to teach/show programar to program el programador programmer una página Web Web page nadie nobody/no one un idioma language encantado delighted mucho gusto please to meet you
Gramática 1: 1. Dar = to give Doy damos Das dais Da dan
decir = to say/tell digo decimos dices decis dice dicen
2. Indirect objects and indirect object pronouns: Taken directly from: http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/iopro1.htm
To identify the indirect object use our two guidelines: 1. The IO tells us where the DO is going. 2. The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed. When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns: me (me) te (you-familiar) le (him, her, you-formal)
nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) les (them, you-all-formal)
In an affirmative statement with one verb, the indirect object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb. Juan me compra un regalo. John buys me a gift. John buys a gift for me.
Juan te compra un regalo. John buys you a gift. John buys a gift for you.
Juan le compra un regalo. John buys her a gift. John buys a gift for her.
Juan nos compra un regalo. John buys us a gift. John buys a gift for us.
Juan os compra un regalo. John buys you-all (familiar) a gift. John buys a gift for you-all.
Juan les compra un regalo. John buys them a gift. John buys a gift for them.
The key to learning to use the indirect object pronouns is the same as the key for direct object pronouns. You must learn to think in phrases, not words. The phrases consist of a pronoun and a conjugated verb. In the following examples, note that the IO remains the same, while the subject of the phrase changes. me compra he buys me
me compran they buy me
me compras you buy me
The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous. That is, they can stand for different things.
Le to (for) him to (for) her to (for) you-formal
les to (for) them to (for) you-all-formal
The following sentences, while grammatically correct, are ambiguous: Ella le escribe una carta. Ella les escribe una carta. Ella le escribe una carta. She writes him a letter. She writes her a letter. She writes you (formal) a letter. Ella les escribe una carta. She writes them a letter. She writes you-all (formal) a letter. Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional phrase is often added to remove the ambiguity. Ella le escribe a Juan una carta. Ella le escribe a su hermana una carta. Ella le escribe a usted una carta. Ella les escribe a sus padres una carta. Ella les escribe a ustedes una carta. Sometimes a prepositional phrase is added not for clarity, but rather for emphasis. Juan me da a mí el dinero. John gives me the money. (emphasizing that the money is given to me and not to someone else) Juan te da a ti el dinero. John gives you the money. (emphasis on you) There is no ambiguity in the following sentence. It can only mean one thing. Juan me da el dinero. John gives me the money. The addition of a prepositional phrase merely adds emphasis. Juan me da a mí el dinero. John gives me the money.
3. Saber = to know a fact; how to do something Sé sabemos Sabes sabéis Sabe saben Conocer: to know about a person, place, or thing (art, for example) Conozco Conoces Conoce
conocemos conocéis conocen
4. Uses of ser: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
To tell time To say what belongs to whom To say what someone/thing is To say what someone/thing is like To say where someone is from To say someone’s nationality
Es la una. Es el perro de Julio. Es enfermero. Es muy guapo. Soy de Freehold. Es peruano.
5. Nationalidades: argentino/a canadiense childno/a comolbiano/a costarricense español/a estadounidense guatemalteco/a
Argentine Canadian Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Spanish from the U.S.A. Guatemalan
hondureño/a mexicano/a nicaragűense paraguayo/a peruano/a salvadoreño uruguayo/a venezolano/a
Honduran Mexican Nicaraguan Paraguayan Peruvian Salvadoran Uruguayan Venezuelan
living room painting plant chair to dust wall bed floor to the right between
el techo un apartamento regar la habitación organizar la lámpara la mesita de noche el estante a la izquierda el lavaplatos
ceiling apartment to water bedroom to organize lamp night table bookcase to the left dishwasher
Vocabulario 2: La sala El cuadro La planta El sillón Sacudir los muebles La pared La cama El piso A la derecha Entre
El baño Barrer El grifo La ducha El fregadero El horno La secadora Describir Un escritorio La alfombra Cerca Mil veces Haz el favor Aquí Al lado de Detrás de
bathroom el lavabo to sweep el inodoro faucet la bañera shower la cocina refrigerador la estufa oven darle de comer dryer la lavadora to describe enfrente desk una cómoda rug los vasos near hay que 1000 times estar harto de please do me the favor no es justo here adentro on the side of delante de venid debajo de
sink toalet bathtub kitchen stove to feed washing machine facing; in front of Chest of drawers glasses it is necessary to be fed up with it’s not fair inside in front of Veneta
Gramática 2: 1. Ser vs. Estar: Ser….. ---say where something takes place ---Describe someone/thing’s characteristics Estar…
---say what’s going on right now (present progressive) ---Say where someone/thing is ---How someone feels or how food tastes
2. Some expressions followed by infinitives: Deber: Tener que: Me/te/le/nos/les toca: Hay que: Hacer el favor de: Favor de:
Debes estudiar. Tengo que hacer mi tarea. Nos toca ir al cine. Hay que pasar la aspiradora. Haz el favor de llamar a tu tío. Favor de escribirles.
3. Preterit of ir Fui fuimos Fuiste fuisteis Fue fueron
preterit of hacer hice hicimos hiciste hicisteis hizo hicieron
These are both irregular!
4. Preterit of regular –ar, -ir, and –er verbs AR Hablar
ER comer
IR vivir
Hablé hablamos Hablaste hablasteis Habló hablaron
comí comimos comiste comisteis comió comieron
viví viviste vivió
vivimos vivisteis vivieron
un vecindario neighborhood un barrio neighborhood trabajar to work mecánico mechanic el taller Workshops el abogado Sawyer la peluquera hair dresser los niños children el médico doctor el cocinero Cook/chef el dentista dentista el periodista journalist construir to Guild el carpintero Carpenter la gente people el conductor driver el camión truck apagar to put out el policía policeman arreglar to fix dar to give enseñar to teach/show programar to program el programador programmer una página Web Web page nadie nobody/no one un idioma language encantado delighted mucho gusto please to meet you
Gramática 1: 1. Dar = to give Doy damos Das dais Da dan
decir = to say/tell digo decimos dices decis dice dicen
2. Indirect objects and indirect object pronouns: Taken directly from: http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/iopro1.htm
To identify the indirect object use our two guidelines: 1. The IO tells us where the DO is going. 2. The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed. When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns: me (me) te (you-familiar) le (him, her, you-formal)
nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) les (them, you-all-formal)
In an affirmative statement with one verb, the indirect object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb. Juan me compra un regalo. John buys me a gift. John buys a gift for me.
Juan te compra un regalo. John buys you a gift. John buys a gift for you.
Juan le compra un regalo. John buys her a gift. John buys a gift for her.
Juan nos compra un regalo. John buys us a gift. John buys a gift for us.
Juan os compra un regalo. John buys you-all (familiar) a gift. John buys a gift for you-all.
Juan les compra un regalo. John buys them a gift. John buys a gift for them.
The key to learning to use the indirect object pronouns is the same as the key for direct object pronouns. You must learn to think in phrases, not words. The phrases consist of a pronoun and a conjugated verb. In the following examples, note that the IO remains the same, while the subject of the phrase changes. me compra he buys me
me compran they buy me
me compras you buy me
The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous. That is, they can stand for different things.
Le to (for) him to (for) her to (for) you-formal
les to (for) them to (for) you-all-formal
The following sentences, while grammatically correct, are ambiguous: Ella le escribe una carta. Ella les escribe una carta. Ella le escribe una carta. She writes him a letter. She writes her a letter. She writes you (formal) a letter. Ella les escribe una carta. She writes them a letter. She writes you-all (formal) a letter. Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional phrase is often added to remove the ambiguity. Ella le escribe a Juan una carta. Ella le escribe a su hermana una carta. Ella le escribe a usted una carta. Ella les escribe a sus padres una carta. Ella les escribe a ustedes una carta. Sometimes a prepositional phrase is added not for clarity, but rather for emphasis. Juan me da a mí el dinero. John gives me the money. (emphasizing that the money is given to me and not to someone else) Juan te da a ti el dinero. John gives you the money. (emphasis on you) There is no ambiguity in the following sentence. It can only mean one thing. Juan me da el dinero. John gives me the money. The addition of a prepositional phrase merely adds emphasis. Juan me da a mí el dinero. John gives me the money.
3. Saber = to know a fact; how to do something Sé sabemos Sabes sabéis Sabe saben Conocer: to know about a person, place, or thing (art, for example) Conozco Conoces Conoce
conocemos conocéis conocen
4. Uses of ser: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
To tell time To say what belongs to whom To say what someone/thing is To say what someone/thing is like To say where someone is from To say someone’s nationality
Es la una. Es el perro de Julio. Es enfermero. Es muy guapo. Soy de Freehold. Es peruano.
5. Nationalidades: argentino/a canadiense childno/a comolbiano/a costarricense español/a estadounidense guatemalteco/a
Argentine Canadian Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Spanish from the U.S.A. Guatemalan
hondureño/a mexicano/a nicaragűense paraguayo/a peruano/a salvadoreño uruguayo/a venezolano/a
Honduran Mexican Nicaraguan Paraguayan Peruvian Salvadoran Uruguayan Venezuelan
living room painting plant chair to dust wall bed floor to the right between
el techo un apartamento regar la habitación organizar la lámpara la mesita de noche el estante a la izquierda el lavaplatos
ceiling apartment to water bedroom to organize lamp night table bookcase to the left dishwasher
Vocabulario 2: La sala El cuadro La planta El sillón Sacudir los muebles La pared La cama El piso A la derecha Entre
El baño Barrer El grifo La ducha El fregadero El horno La secadora Describir Un escritorio La alfombra Cerca Mil veces Haz el favor Aquí Al lado de Detrás de
bathroom el lavabo to sweep el inodoro faucet la bañera shower la cocina refrigerador la estufa oven darle de comer dryer la lavadora to describe enfrente desk una cómoda rug los vasos near hay que 1000 times estar harto de please do me the favor no es justo here adentro on the side of delante de venid debajo de
sink toalet bathtub kitchen stove to feed washing machine facing; in front of Chest of drawers glasses it is necessary to be fed up with it’s not fair inside in front of Veneta
Gramática 2: 1. Ser vs. Estar: Ser….. ---say where something takes place ---Describe someone/thing’s characteristics Estar…
---say what’s going on right now (present progressive) ---Say where someone/thing is ---How someone feels or how food tastes
2. Some expressions followed by infinitives: Deber: Tener que: Me/te/le/nos/les toca: Hay que: Hacer el favor de: Favor de:
Debes estudiar. Tengo que hacer mi tarea. Nos toca ir al cine. Hay que pasar la aspiradora. Haz el favor de llamar a tu tío. Favor de escribirles.
3. Preterit of ir Fui fuimos Fuiste fuisteis Fue fueron
preterit of hacer hice hicimos hiciste hicisteis hizo hicieron
These are both irregular!
4. Preterit of regular –ar, -ir, and –er verbs AR Hablar
ER comer
IR vivir
Hablé hablamos Hablaste hablasteis Habló hablaron
comí comimos comiste comisteis comió comieron
viví viviste vivió
vivimos vivisteis vivieron
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