By: R. Rr. Ditya Rohmadhona, M.hum

BY: R. Rr. DITYA ROHMADHONA, M.Hum.

BHAKTI HUSADA MULIA COLLEGE FOR HEALTH SCIENCE MADIUN

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It’s used to show something was true in past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future. It’s also used for general statement or fact. Ex: the world is round, Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen

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Express habitual/everyday activity Ex: I study for two hours every night.

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May indicate a situation that exists right now, at the moment of speaking Ex: I have only a dollar right now

There are two patterns of simple present tense, those are: verbal and nominal. Nominal Pattern  This pattern hasn’t verb, It’s subtituted by Linking Verb / to be (the word which is followed adjective/ noun/ adverb (complement). He,She, It  is They, We, You  are I  am

So, the patterns are: Positive sentences Subject/Noun+LV+Complement

Ex: The world is round N LV C Ary is a nurse S LV article C Negative Sentences Subject/Noun+LV+ Not+Complement

Ex: The world is not round N LV not C

Negative Sentences LV+Subject/Noun+Complement?

Ex: Is The world round ? LV N C Article is divided into two, those are: A and An. An is used for the word which has vowel or having vowel (a, i, u, e, o) sound. Ex: an umbrella, an hour A is used for the consonant (k.l.b.c...etc.) word or which has consonant sound. Ex: a book, a university, a universe

Let’s differentiate between verb base (plural), verb-s (singular), and verb-es (singular) Verb Base is original verb/verb 1: Ex: watch, see, cook, bite...etc. Verb-s  verb+s (for most words, simply final-s is added to spell the world correctly) Ex: Sing+s  sings Cook+s  cooks

Verb-es: (final –es is added to words that end in: –sh, -ch, -ss, -o, -zz, -x, -y) Ex: -ch: watch  watches -ss: pass  passes -x : fix  fixes -sh: push  pushes -o : go  goes -zz: buzz  buzzes For the words that end in –y: - If –y is preceded by a consonant, the –y is changed into –i and –es is added. Ex: study  studies - If –y is preceded by a vowel, -s is added Ex: buy  buys

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Adv. of time/Time signal for simple present tense is: everyday, every...., once a week, three times a day, today, now, this afternoon, this morning, etc.

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Adverb of place: campus, hospital, surabaya, etc.

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Adverb of frequency: always, often, seldom, sometimes, ever, usually, etc. (it’s placed after subject)

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Adverb of manner: well, fast, quickly, early, etc.

HOW IS THE PATTERN? Positive: - The first formula is for subject He, She, It: S/N+Vs/es+Complement

Ex: Rama proposes Shinta in the palace now. S Verb-s Object adv of place TS complement -

- The second formula is for subject They, We, You, I: S/N+V1+Complement

Ex: Rama and Shinta see beautiful scenery S V1 Object in the palace this morning. adv of place TS complement

Auxiliary (kata bantu kata kerja): do and does. It’s used in negative and interrogative form only.

Negative: - The first formula is for subject He, She, It:

S/N+Does+Not+ V1+Complement Ex: Rama does not propose Shinta in the palace now. S aux not Verb 1 Object adv of place TS complement

- The second formula is for subject They, We, You, I: S/N+Do+Not+V1+Complement

Ex: Rama and Shinta do not S aux not

see V1

beautiful scenery in the palace this morning Object. adv of place TS complement

Interrogative: - The first formula is for subject He, She, It: Does+S/N+ V1+Complement ?

Ex: Does Rama propose Shinta in the palace aux S Verb 1 Object adv of place complement now? TS

The second formula is for subject They, We, You, I: Do+S/N+ V1+Complement ?

Ex: Do Rama and Shinta see beautiful scenery aux S V1 Object in the palace this morning? adv of place TS complement

tHaNk yOu sEe YoU -dHeRHo^_^