Bridge.docx

Bridge

Bridge is used to cross the natural obstruction like river. It allows the ppl and vehicle to travel on the them. It doesn't have floor i.e floor means in bridge the distance between the 2 piers are not joined in bottom. Bridges are generally constructed at height more than 20 feet.

Culvert It allows the passage of water across the obstacles like hill, roadway. Culvert have a proper floor which maybe of different shapes such as circular, square, rectangular. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. The height of culvert is generally less than 20 feet. Drainage structure means a device composed of a virtually non-erodible material such as concrete, steel, plastic or other such material that conveys water from one place to another by intercepting the flow and carrying it to a release point for storm water management, drainage control or flood control purposes. Pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade. The primary function of a pavement is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. A curb, or kerb, is the edge where a raised sidewalk or road median/central reservation meets a street or other roadway. Curbs may fulfill any or several of a number of functions. By delineating the edge of the pavement, they separate the road from the roadside and discourage drivers from parking or driving on sidewalks and lawns. They also provide structural support to the pavement edge. Sidewalk also known as a footpath or footway is a path along the side of a road. A sidewalk may accommodate moderate changes in grade (height) and is normally separated from the vehicular section by a curb.

protection structure is a system or structure intended to protect equipment operators and motorists from injuries caused by vehicle overturns or rollovers. Like rollcages and rollbars in cars and trucks, a ROPS involves bars attached to the frame that maintain a space for the operator's body in the event of rollover.

Roadway excavation means the required excavation within the limits of the roadway. Roadway excavation includes excavating and compacting, or disposing of, all materials of whatever character encountered in the work. A borrow excavation is an excavation in the surface made solely for the purpose of removing, opening up or proving borrow material for the construction of the subbase for a roadway project.