Bot Med Test 2

Group Emetics

Emetics

Latin Name Common Name Gillenia trifoliata

Cephaelis ipecacuanha

Indian Psychic

Ipecac

Anthelmintics

Artemisia cina

Levant wormwood

Anthelmintics

Chenopodium ambrosiodes

Mexican tea

Anthelmintics

Curcurbita pepo

Pumpkin

Family Rosaceae

Rubiaceae

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Chenopodiaceae

Curcurbitaceae

Part Used Root, root bark

Dried root of 3 yo plant

Constituents Gallotannic acid; glucosides; lipids; gum, resin; lignin; albumen, diterpenoid alkaloids

Sesquiterpene lactones: Unexpanded flower heads santonin, artemisin; volatile oil: cineole

Anthelmintics

Anthelmintics

Female Herbs

Spigelia marilandica Pinkroot

Tanacetum vulgare Tansy

Actea racemosa (aka Black Cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa)

Loganiaceae

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Ranunculaceae

Overdose resulted in several death; toxic dose 1-2g (powder)

1-2g powder; 6.5-260 mg santonin crystals; GI irritation, pregnancy, lactation, standard dose at bitter children under 12 unless tonic (with honey or professionally prescribed treacle to disguise bitterness)

local irritant effect when fresh; excess alkalinity in intestines increases absorption and toxicity

Toxic constituents: Sesquiterpene lactones: santonin, artemesin

Pregnancy, GI disease/ irritation, ANTHELMINTHIC - Acting 1-4 g powdered seed; 2-4 heart disease, KI disease, local irritation to expel or destroy ml liquid extract; 1 ml oil repeated use, undernourished, effects when fresh parasitic intestinal worms (use with purgative) debilitated, young children

TAENIFUGE, VERMIFUGE

1-10 g fresh powdered rhizome/root; combine with nonoily purgative to expel paracites

ANTHELMINTHIC, TONIC VERMIFUGE, LAXATIVE, ASTRINGENT

1 tsp bark/cup water, daily, GI irritation, pregnancy, cold, a mouthful at a time; prolonged use 1-15 drops tincture, tid

contact dermatitis when fresh, may exacerbate potassium excretion (overuse)

J. cinerea Toxic constituents: juglandin (Resin); juglandic acid

4 tsp/cup, a mouthful at a time, one cup per day; 4-8 ml of leaf extact; 1-2 dr (47.5g) liquid extract (leaf); none Bath: 0.5 kg dried leaves boiled w/ 1.5 L for 45 mins, add to bath water

none

None.

legal restrictions in some countries

Toxic constituents: piperidine alkaloids: pelletrin, etc; tannins: punicalagin, etc.

alkaloid = toxic

Toxic constituents: alkaloid: spigeline

1-30 drops tincture; 0.323.89 g powder; 1-10 drops Pregnancy, GI irritation oil; 2-8 ml liquid extract

Allergic hypersensitivity to asteraceae

Toxic constituents: volatile ketones: thujone; sesquiterpene lactone: tanacetin

1/2-1 tsp/cup decoction tid, 2-4 ml tincture tid, 40Pregnancy during 1st trimester, 200 mg dried root + lactation, estrogen dependent rhizome. Very effective for tumors menopause if used for 2-6 mo as alternative to HRT

Local irritant effects, Toxic (triterpine GI irritation, glycosides, tannins) salicylate sensitivity at 5g powder

J.C. - inner bark, ripening Napththaquinones: fruit, leaves juglone; fixed oil: volatile J.N.- bark, leaves, rind of oil: tannins fruit

Lythraceae

local irritant effect when fresh; in GI irritation, extended use as emetic (3-4 days leads to dehydration)

Oleo-resin: filicin; triterpenes; alkanes; volatile oils; resins

Juglandaceae

Pomegranate

As emetic if toxin occurred >1hr prior in <1 year old, in ingestive of corrosives, irritants, volatile a pea-sized amount/cup hydrocarbons, petroleum boiling water infusion (5 distillates, seizure inducing min) tid. Lower doses: substances, sharp objects, expectorant. Higher pregnancy, heart disease, doses: emetic, purgative; irritable lung conditions, take with large volumes of prolonged use, if reduced water consciousness, reduced gag reflex, convulsions, or if vomiting already started, HPB

Seeds

Juglans cinerea and Butter nut and Black Juglans nigra Walnut

Punica granatum

Toxicity Internal emesis, catharsis from frequent large doses.

200-400 g ground, unpeeled seeds, taken on an empty ST in the morning in 2 portions; none follow with castor oil in 2-3 hours to purge paralyzed worms (mix seeds with milk and honey)

Anthelmintics

Anthelmintics

Cautions

Fixed oil: linoleic acid, oleic acid; protein; sterols: beta sitosterol; TAENICIDE - detroys curcurbitacins; other:vit E, tapeworms beta carotene, minerals (iron, zinc, selenium)

Rhizome

Juglandaceae

Contraindications

Active inflammation or ingestion of corrosives, irritants, volatile Same as CI hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates

Volatile oil: ascaridol, methyl salicylate; triterpenoid saponins

Polypodiaceae

English walnut

VERMIFUGE

Posology Stomachic/Tonic: 2 gr (0.12 g), Diaphoresis: 5-6 gr, Emetic/Cathartic: 2030 gr (15 gr=1g)

Fruit (seeds) or whole herb

Dryopteris filix-mas Bear's paw root

Juglans regia

Expectorant, Cathartic, Emetic

Isoquinoline alkaloids: emetine, cephaeline, Expectorant, Emetic, psychotrine; tannins; Amoebicidal glycosides; other: starch, choline, resins, volatile oil

Anthelmintics

Anthelmintics

Actions

Leaves, bark, fruit

Leaves: Naphthaquinone: juglone; tannins; volatile ASTRINGENT, oil Bark: no info GENTLE PURGTIVE Fruit:fixed oil, vit C, vit E, minerals (Fe, Mg, Zn)

Pelletierene alkaloids; Rind, bark, fruit pulp, root TAENICIDE, eligatannins; triterpenoids; bark VERMIFUGE esterone

Root/ rhizome, herb

Alkaloids: spigeleine; volatile oil; tannin; resin; choline; betaine

Flowering tops, herb

Volatile oil: thujone, camphor, borneol; ANTHELMINTIC, sesquiterpene lactones; INSECTICIDE, flavenoids; tannins; resin; EMMENAOGOGUE citric acid; butyric & oxalic acids

Roots + rhizome, dried

Triterpene glycosides; isoflavones: formononetin; aromatic acids; Other: tannins, resin, fatty acids, starch, sugars, volatile oils

VERMIFUGE

RELAXANT, NORMALIZER OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, ANTIRHEUMATIC

Pregnancy, lactation, anemia (elderly, debilitated), heart disorders, GI ulcers, KI insufficiency, LIV disorders, internal use

3.5- 7.5 g rind fruit; 1-7 ml liquid extract; Externally: use as gargle for sore Pregnancy throats, douche for leucorrhea Adylts: 2-5 g (4-8) powdered root or herb; 0.93-2.41 ml tincture; 2.5Prolonged use. Pregnancy 5ml liquid extract Children: 0.5-4g; take in the morning & evening

Toxic constituents: Ascaridole; nitrates.

Curcurbitacins irritant to GI mucosa irritant to GI mucosa.

XS can lead to LIV Toxic constituents: damage, blindness, acylphloroglucinoles: filicinic acid death

Female Herbs

Female Herbs

Female Herbs

Female Herbs

Female Herbs

Female Herbs

Alchemilla vulgaris

Aletris farinosa

Angelica archangelica

Angelica senesis

Caulophyllum thalictroides

Lady's Mantle

True Unicorn Root

Angelica

Chinese Angelica

Blue Cohosh

Chamaelirium luteum False unicorn root (aka Helonias dioica)

Female Herbs

Crocus sativus

Female Herbs

Dioscorea villosa

Saffron

Wild Yam

Female Herbs

Gossypium herbaceum

Female Herbs

Lithospermum ruderale (or officinale)

Female Herbs

Medicago sativa

Alfalfa

Female Herbs

Mitchella repens

Partridge Berry

Cotton

Stoneseed

2 tsp/cup infusion tid, 2-4 ml tincture tid, 2-4 g. For topical use or for diarrhea: boil a few min longer to none extract tannins; prolonged used decreses discomfort of menopause, excess menstruation

none

Toxic (volatile oil GI Irritation (stim ST and resin). S/s: acid secretion) narcotic, emetic and cathartic

Leaf, flowering shoots

Tannins: glycosides of ellagic acid; salicylic acid (trace), bitters

Rhizome

GYNECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS (prevention Steroidal saponins: based of miscarriage, on diosgenin (a menopause phytoestrogen); bitter dysmenorrhea, irregular principle; volatile oil, resin menses, TONIC STOMACHIC

0.3-0.6 g powdered rood or by decoction tid, 0.3-1 ml liquid extract

Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Root, rhizome, leaves (stems seeds as well)

Volatile oils, macrocyclic lactones, phthalates, coumarins, bioflavonoids

EXPECTORANT, CARMINATIVE

1 tsp/cup rood decoction, boil for 2 min + let stand for 1 5 min tid, 2-5 ml Pregnancy tincture tid, 2.5-4.5 g dried herb

photosensitizing, may promote acid reflux, platelet aggregation inhibition, Calcium channel blocker (CCB)

Nontoxic CI in pregnancy, large doses may cause paralysis (coumarin)

Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Coumarins, volatile oils; Root, whole plant as liver phytosterols; ferulic acid; tonic other: sucrose, carotene, vitamin B12

TONIC, ANTISPASMODIC, BLOOD TONIC, MENSTRUAL REGULATOR

3-15 g/day by decoction, 3-5 ml tincture tid, 1-2 g root powder tid. May be Pregnancy, bleeding tendency, taken raw, steamed for a diarrhea, cold or flu. TCM: yin few minutes as blood deficiency purifier, or cooked TID for general tonic effects

Photosensitization

Extremely low

1-2 tsp/cup decoction, 0.31 g or by decoction tid, 1-3 ml tincture, 5-10 drops, 0.5-1 g root powder. A 1st trimester of pregnancy and partus preparator: 20-40 postpartum drops/day tincture. To promote or restart labour: 1/2-1 tsp tincture every half hour

toxic (quinolizidine alkaloids, saponin) S/s: GI irritation, h/a. thirst, muscle Irritant, GI disorders weakness, incordination, CV collapse, convulsions, dermatitis

Rosaceae

Liliaceae

ASTRINGENT

Root and rhizome

EMMENOGOGUE, TO Quinolizidne alkaloids, PREVENT steroidal saponins, resin, MISCARRIAGE, essential oil, phytosterols PARTURIENT & PARTUS PREPARATOR

Liliaceae

Root and rhizome

1-2 g dried root and rhizome or by infusion or UTERINE & OVARIAN decoction tid, 2-5 ml TONIC, NORMALIZER OF Glycosides: steroidal tincture tid, 1-4 ml liquid FEMALE saponins, free diosgenin; extract. It may take REPRODUCTION, other: calcium oxalate several months to affect NORMALIZER OF the menstrual cycle. For OVARIAN HORMONES threatened miscarriage: up to 1/2 tsp every hour

Iridaceae

Volatile oil; bitter glycosides; other: Stigmas and styles, dried carotenoids, vitamins B1 and B2

Berberidaceae

Dioscoreaceae

Malvaceae

Boraginaceae

Root and tuber

Steroidal saponins: diosgenin and others; phytosterols (betasitosterol), alkaloids, tannins, starch

EMMENOGOGUE, CARMINATIVE STOMACHIC

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Aerial seeds, sprouting seeds

Rubiaceae

Aerial parts with berries

Phenolcarboxylic acid; 3,4-dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives, L officionale contains toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids Isoflavones; coumarins; alkaloids; saponins; other: vitamins, porphyrins, ascorbate, peroxidase enzyme (root) Largely unknown: alkaloids; saponins; glycosides; tannins; mucilages

Early pregnancy, GI irritation

Pregnancy

GI sensitivity

Overdose may cause nausea and vomiting

Skilled therapeutic knowledge

Toxic (carotenoids, glycosides at 5g) S/s: flushing, purpura, bleeding from lips and eyelids, dizziness, death…

1-2 tsp/cup decoction tid, Bile duct pathologies, pancreatic ANTISPASMODIC, ANTI2-4 ml tincture tid, 2-4 g cancer, intestinal sapsm, None INFLAMMATORY dried root tid unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

PARTURIENT, Sesquiterpenes: gossypol; EMMENAGOGUE, Root bark, seeds, seed oil flavonoids ABORTIFACIENT, DEC FERTILITY IN MEN

Leaf and root

28-122 ml infusion, 5-20 minims tincture, 12-40 grains powder, 0.6-1.6 g

Pregnancy

ANTI-GONADOTROPIC, DIURETIC

Toxic (saponin) S/s: nausea, vomiting, diarrchea

10 g decoction, 2-4 ml tincture, 2 g plant. During labour: 1-2 tsp liquid Pregnancy, GUT inflammation, extract, single dose. After prolonged use birth: 1-2 tsp liquid extract bid to qid

Skilled therapeutic knowledge

Parts used are potentially toxic

Missing

None

Allergic hypersensitivity

None

Extensive use in pregnancy, lactation, SLE, autoimmune conditions, kidney transplant

Salicylate sensitivity None

First 6 months of pregnancy

None

5-10 g as infusion tid, 5-10 ml liquid extract tid. Weight gain: 1 oz to 1 pt of milk or water infusion, cupful doses for 1 tsp/cup infusion tid, 2-4 PARTURIENT & PARTUS ml tincture tid, 2-4 g dried PREPARATOR, UTERINE herb tid. For sore nipples: TONIC ALTERATIVE, 2 oz/pt decoction added to EMMENOGOGUE as much cream FOOD NUTRIENT, ESTROGENIC, PROTECTIVE TO KUPPFER CELLS

None

None

Female Herbs

Oenothera biennis

Evening Primrose

Female Herbs

Piscidia erythrina

Female Herbs

Rubus idaeus

Raspberry

Rosaceae

Female Herbs

Rubus villosus

American Blackberry

Rosaceae

Female Herbs

Senecio aureus

Female Herbs

Strychnos ignatia

Female Herbs

Tanacetum vulgare

Female Herbs

Viburnum opulus

Female Herbs

Female Herbs

Male Herbs

Male Herbs

Jamaica Dogwood

Onagraceae

Life Root

Ignatia Amara

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Loganiaceae

Leaves, stem, bark, flowers, seed (evening primrose oil)

essential fatty acids: cislinoleic acid, gammalinolenic acid (GLA)

Root bark, stem

Isoflavones; organic acids; Powerful SEDATIVE, beta-sitosterol, tannins; ANALGESIC, rotenoids; glycoside ANTISPASMODIC

Leaf: flavonoids, tannins, polypeptides; Fruit: fruit suger, volatile oil, pectin, citric acid, malic acid, vitamins A, B1 and C Root bark: tannins: gallic acid, saponins; Leaves: Bark of root and rhizome, tannins flavonoids; Fruit: leaves, berries antrocyanins, pectin, fruit acids, vitamin C Leaves, fruit

Aerial parts

Seeds

Volatile oil; pyrrolizidine alkaloids; flavonoids; coumarin derivatives; tannins; resin; eremophilane sesquiterpenes

Indole alkaloids: more strychine than S. nuxvomica, brucine

500 mg oil bid or more, 250 mg- 2 g GLA qid, 2-8 g oil divided doses with meals, 1-15 drops tincture. Epilepsy, mania Best administered with a preservative such as vitamin E and protected from oxidation

None

None

1 tsp/cup decoction as needed, 2-4 ml tincture tid, 2-4 g tid, 2-8 ml liquid Pregnancy, lactation, extract tid. For insomnia: depression, heart problems 5-10 ml tincture in half a glass of warm water before bed

Children and elderly

Toxic (glycoside, rotenone). S/s: destroys sensation, N/V, paralysis

ASTRINGENT, TONIC, 2 tsp/cup infusion drunk PARTURIENT & PARTUS freely, 2-4 ml tincture tid, PREPARATOR 4-8 g dried herb

Pregnancy with history of precipitate labour, early stages

None

None

1-2 g root bark/cup ASTRINGENT, STYPTIC decoction tid, 2-5 ml tid, 4.5 g dried herb daily

None

None

None

EMMENAGOGUE, ASTRINGENT

1 g/cup infusion, 1/2-1 Pregnancy, lactation, infants and Skilled therapeutic dram powdered root, 5-10 small childern < 12 yo, prolonged knowledge grains solid extract use, internal use

Toxic (pyrrolizine alkaloids) S/S: acute: hepatomegaly. Chronic: emanciation, progressive lesions of LV and LU

STIMULANT, TONIC

Homeopathic preparations primarily used. 1/5-20 minims tincture, 5-15 Highly poisonous, Pregnancy drops in 4 oz water, give 1 tsp every 1-3 hrs, 1/10-2 grain powder

Toxic (indole alkaloids, glycosides). Prodrome: muscle cramps. Acute: convulsions. Chronic: death, liver damage

SEE ANTHELMINTHIC SECTION Cramp Bark

Viburnum prunifolium Black Haw

Vitex agnus-castus Chaste Tree

Pausinystalia yohimbe

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Herb: ASTRINGENT, SEDATIVE. Oil: ANTIINFLAMMATORY, NUTRITIVE

Yohimbe

Pygeum africanum Red Stinkwood

Pregnancy, GI irritation

Skilled therapeutic knowledge

Skilled therapeutic knowledge

Caprifoliaceae

Bark

Hydroquinones; coumarins; tannins; viburnine, resin

SPASMOLYTIC, ASTRINGENT

2 tsp/cup decoction tid, 48 ml tincture tid, 2-4 g dried herb tid. May be Don't eat raw fruit used topically as muscle relaxant

none

Caprifoliaceae

Dried bark of stems or trunk

Coumarins, phenolic acids: salicin and others; bioflavones; triterpenes; tannin

ANTISPASMODIC, SPASMOLYTIC

2 tsp/cup decoction tid, 510 ml tincture tid, 2.5-5 g In acute UTI dried bark

Salicylate sensitivity None

Fruit

Iridoid glycosides; alkaloids; labdane diterpenes; flavonoids; essential oil

NORMALIZER of FEMALE SEX HORMONES, UTERINE TONIC

1 tsp cup infusion tid, 2.5 ml tincture tid, 175 mg/d standardized extract. Pregnancy, after first trimester, Health benefits seen after spadmodic dysmenorrhea, 3-6 wk. 2 ml/day for 2-3 lactation, depression mo in menopause, esp with hot flashes

none

Bark

Indole alkaloids: yohimbine; pigments; tannins

APHRODISIAC, α-ADRENERGIC BLOCKER, STIMULANT

5-15 minims (0.3-0.9 ml) liquid extract; 5.4-6 mg yohimbine hydrochloride, tid; may be more effective if eating low fat diet

Trunk & stem bark

Phytosterols: betasitosterol; triterpenes: ursolic acid; tannins; ferulic acid esters of fatty alcohols: docosanol: amygdalin

↑PROSTATIC & BILBOURETHREAL SECRETION, ↓ CHOLESTEROL IN PROSTATE, INHIBITS 5α-reductase conversion of T to DHT

75-200 mg/d extract standardized to 12-13% total sterols; 100-200 mg/d extract standardized to none 14% triterpenes / betasitosterol and 0.5% docosanol

Verbenaceae

Rubiaceae

Boraginaceae / Rosaceae

Schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, hypertension, KI disease, prolonged use, legal restrictions in pregnancy, elderly & children, LI some countries disease, chronic inflammation, allergic hypersensitivity, angina pectoris, heart disease

Skilled therapeutic knowledge

None

None

Toxic (indole alkaloids)

none

Male Herbs

Male Herbs

Endocrine

Serenoa repens

Smilax officinalis

Arctium lappa

Saw Palmetto

Sarsaparilla

Burdock

Endocrine

Fucus vesiculosis

Bladderwrack

Endocrine

Galega officinalis

Goat's Rue

Endocrine

Momordica charantia Bitter Melon

Jambul

Arecaceae / Palmaceae

Liliaceae

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Fucaceae

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Curcurbitaceae

Endocrine

Syzygium cumini

Musculoskeletal

Ananas cosmosus

Musculoskeletal

Arnica montana

Musculoskeletal

Boswellia spp.

Frankincense

Burseraceae

Musculoskeletal

Bryonia alba

White Bryony

Curcurbitaceae

Pineapple

Arnica

Musculoskeletal Colchicum autumnale Autumn Crocus

Myrtaceae

Bromeliaceae

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Liliaceae / Agavaceae

Fruit (berry)

MALE REPRODUCTIVE Essential oil; fixed oil (fatty TONIC, DIURETIC acids, neutral fats); URINARY ANTISEPTIC, steroidal saponins; ENDOCRINE AGENT polysaccharides; tannins ANABOLIC

2-4 tsp/cup decoction (5min), tid; 1-2 ml tincture (1:5, 60%), tid; 0.5-1 g, tid; A few weeks prior to surgery 0.6-1.5 ml liquid extract (hemorrhage) (1:1, 60%), tid; better absorption when taken with a meal containing fat

Hemostatic disorders

none

Rhizome, root

Steroidal saponins: sarsapogenin; sterols: stigmasterol, beta sitosterol; starch; resin; volatile oils

2-4 tsp/cup decoction, tid; 1-2 ml tincture (1:5, 60%), None tid; 8-16ml liquid extract, tid

None

None

Root/rhizome; leaves (poultices); seeds (TCM)

Roots: Lignins: arctigenin; inulin; polyacetylenes; volatile acids; polyphenolic acids; aldehydesl bitters; tannins; mucilage and ALTERATIVE, Mildly pectin; dietary fibre. ESTROGENIC, Leaves: Terpenoids; HYPOGLYCEMIC mucilage; essential oils; tannins; inulin. Seeds: Flavonoids, essential oils; fixed oils.

Whole plant

Phenolic compounds: phloroglucinol; mucopolysaccharides: algin; mannitol; diglycerides; polar lipids; beta-carotene and zeaxanthin; trace minterals, esp iodine

IODINE PROVIDER, ANTIRHEUMATIC

Aerial

Alkaloids/amines: galegine; saponins; flavonoids

HYPOGLYCEMIC, GALACTAGOGUE

Polypeptides: insulin-like peptide: polypeptide P; Leaves, fruit, seeds, seed glycosides: charantin, oil mormordin; fixed oil; alkaloids; lycopene (ripe seeds)

ALTERATIVE TONIC

HYPOGLYCEMIC

1 tsp/cup root decoction tid, 2-4 ml tincture tid, 812 ml tincture tid, 2-6 ml fluid extract tid, 3-9 g/d seeds, 35-40 ground seeds/cup infusion, drink 1/2 cup up to 6x/d

2-3 tsp/cup infusion tid, 26 ml tincture tid, 0.8-2 g/d. Doses > 150 microgram/d may induce or agg hyperthyroidism. Accumulates heavy metals and other toxins. Should be groun in nonpolluted waters 1 tsp/cup infusion bid (considered best form), 12 ml tincture tid, 5-20 gr, 1-2 ml liquid extract tid 10-60 ml/d expressed juice. Long term use: not for > 4 wks

Diarrhea: 1/2 tsp seeds per 1 cup water, 5 min decoction tid. Colic: 40 gtt tincture tid. 1-2 dr liquid extract. 5-30 gr powdered seeds. 250-500 mg (1200-1800 Bromelain extracted from Bromelain, a protease; DIGESTIVE, ANTI- milk clotting units), tid, b/w the stem (commercial Vitamin , C INFLAMMTORY meals unless used as prep), fruit, leaves digestive aid. Topical application made Sesquiterpene lactones: with 5-25% w/v tincture or pseudoguanolides, VULNERARY, ANTIfluid extract or 2g/100ml Flowers helenalin; flavenoids; INFLAMMATORY, decoction; Homeopathic volatile oils; IMMUNOSTIMULANT preps used and safe at polysaccharides any time Asthma & Ulcerative colitis: 300-500 mg gum Resins: boswellic acid, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, resin, tid; Osteoarthritis Gum resin alibanoresin; volatile oil; CIRCULATORY 333 mg extract, tid; water soluble gum STIMULANT Rheumatoid arthritis 3600 mg/d extract Externally as rubefacient; Curcurbitacins; polyhomeopathic prep Root hydroxy-unsaturated fatty CATHARTIC primarily used. Ingred. In acids; volatile oils; tannins Turska's formula (used for tumors, cysts) Seeds (hypoglycemic), fruits (food)

Phenols; tannins; alkaloids; triterpenoids; ANTIDIABETIC, volatile oils (bark: CARMINATIVE, flavonoids; beta-sitosterol; ASTRINGENT gallic acid)

Corm (the swollen base of Alkaloids: colchicine; the plant used for flavenoids; sugars; propagation, similar to phytosterols bulb)

Western: Excessive internal use Hypoglycemic in pregnancy. TCM: Qi deficiency effects; allergic and diarrhea; open sores and hypersensitivity to carbuncles Asteraceae

None

Excess thyroid activity, partial thyroid removal, Hashimoto's throiditis, hypothyroid goiter, thyroid deficiency, pregnancy and lactation, prolonged use, GI bleeding

may dec iron absorption, selective precipitation of None alkaloids by high iodine content, fibrin formation

Pregnancy

Hypoglycemic effects

Poisoning has been observed in grazing animals

Pregnancy, brittle type 1 diabetes

Hypoglycemic effects

None

none

Hypoglycemic effects

None

Allergic hypersensitivity, bile duct N/V, diarrhea, obstuction. menorrhagia

Long term use.

Internal use, hypersensitive / broken skin, allergic hypersensitivity

Contact/allergic dermatitis, GI sensitivity

Poison (arnicine, formic acid, volatile oil, sesquiterpene lactones)

none

Digestive irritation or none pain.

Pregnancy

Local irritant, GI sensitivity

Poison (bryonin, cucurbitacins)

HT, KI, GI conditions & in old weak people. May cause GI upset, leukopenia. Skin alterations, agranulocytosis, anemia, myopathy, alopecia.

Mitotic poison; toxic (colchicine, tropolone alkaloids).

Acute gout 10-15 drops tinture/ hr until definitive effect, or plant extract standardized to 1 mg ANTIRHEUMATIC (gout), Pregnancy, lactation, gastritis, colchicine followed by 0.5ANALGESIC alcoholism. 1.5 mg every 1-2 hrs, no more than 8 mg total daily. Homeopathic preps used primarily.

Musculoskeletal

Gaultheria procumbens

Wintergreen

Musculoskeletal

Harpagophytum procumbens

Devil's Claw

Pedaliaceae

1-2 tsp/cup infusion, tid; 1-4 ml tincture (1:5, 40%), Pregnancy, KI insufficiency tid; 0.5-2 g powdered, tid

ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, FEBRIFUGE

1-2 g decoction, tid; 1-2 ml liquid extract (25%), Allergic hypersensitivity, G6PD Do not substitute for tid; Deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate aspirin, precipitated None. 5-8 ml tincture (1:5, 25%), dehydrogenase) by tannins. tid

ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, FEBRIFUGE, ANAPHRODISIAC

10-20 drops as needed.

ANTIRHEUMATIC

2-4 g infusion, tid; 2-4 ml liquid extract (25%), Pregnancy & lactation tid; Oil for external use only

Salicaceae

Musculoskeletal

Salix nigra

Black willow

Salicaceae

Bark & catkins

Lauraceae

Root bark, root wood, Volatile oil:saffrole; volatile oil no longer used alkaloids; resin; tannin internally

Musculoskeletal

Yucca schidigera

White mustard

Yucca

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

Liliaceae / Agavaceae

Yellow discolouration of Pregnancy & lactation, skin, allergic Toxic (kava endogenous depression, LIVER reactions, lactones) in high disorders, 24 hr - 1 wk prior to accomodative doses. surgery disturbances, Parkinson's disease

ANTISPASMODIC, EMMENAGOGUE

White willow

Sinapis spp.

low toxicity (rodents)

Volatile oils; flavonoids; furanocoumarins; alkaloids; lignans

Salix alba

Musculoskeletal

Diarrhea, flatulence

Aerial parts

Musculoskeletal

Sassafras

Gastritis, ulcers, gallstones, pregnacy

Root, Rhizome

Ruta graveolens

Sassafras albidum

Platelet Orally: GI inflammation & aggregation, do not Death from ST salicylate sensitivity, pregnancy, use oil internally, inflammations. lactation. topical application, children < 12 yo.

3-6 ml liquid extract (1:2) 100-200 mg/d kava STIMULANT, TONIC, lactones; Small doses are DIURETIC, ANXIOLYTIC calming while large ones cause intoxication

Musculoskeletal

Rutaceae

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIRHEUMATIC, ANTISEPTIC

Kava lactones (pyrones): kavain (or kawain); piperidine alkaloid: piper methysticine; chalcones; flavonoids

Piper methysticum

Rue

Piperaceae

Rhizome, tuber

Musculoskeletal

Musculoskeletal

Kava Kava

Ericaceae

Used primarily as oil of wintergreen in liniments of methyl salicylate; Therapeutic Dose of Essential Oil: 5-15 drops (0.25-0.75 ml); tea is made for internal use Iridoid glycosides: ½-1 tsp/cup decoction tid DIGESTIVE STIMULANT, harpagosides; flavenoids; for at least 1 mo; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, phenolic acids; a quinone; 1-2 ml tincture (1:5, 40%), ANALGESIC phytosterols tid

Phenols: salicyclic acid; volatile oil: methyl Leaves, fruit, essential oil salicylate; mucilage; resins; tannins

Bark

Seed

Root, whole plant

Phenolic glycosides: salicin (converted to salicylic acid in the digestive tract); flavonoids; tannins Phenolic glycosides: salicin (converted to salicylic acid in the digestive tract); flavonoids; tannins

Glucosinolates: sinalbin (in S. alba), sinigrin (in S. nigra); myrosin (an enzyme); isothyiocyanates; other: fixed oil, mucilage

Steroidal saponins

Allergic hypersensitivity, G6PD Do not substitute for Deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate aspirin, precipitated None. dehydrogenase) by tannins.

100 g ground seeds with warm water to form a REBEFACIENT, poultice Poisoning, GI inflammation, COUNTERIRRITANT, 1 tsp/cup infusion 5 min, pregnancy, unprotected skin, STIMULANT, DIURETIC, tid children under 6, KI disorders EMETIC 1 tbsp bruised seeds/L for foot bath

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

0.25-0.5 g cut fresh root, tid; 6-12 g dry root, tid; 490 mg capsule, tid; Concentrated plant juice used topically to soothe painful joints

Toxic: volatile oils, Photosensitivity, furnaocoumarins to dermatitis, urinary GI and nervous irritation, GI irritation system

None

Not for internal or external use; contact dermatitis, urinary irritant

Prolonged use of oil internally causes hepatocarcinogenic effects; a few drops of oil may kill young children, and a teaspoon or less has been fatal in adults

Irritate skin, goitrogenic.

Toxic: Glucosinolates

None

Overdose = loose stools; large dose = hematuria, hemolysis