Atlas De Hematologia Clinica

ATLAS DE HEMATOLOGIA CLINICA SEXTA EDICION 2004

H. Loffler _ J. Rastetter _ T. Haferlach Methodology

I Techniques of Specimen Collection and Preparation 3 Blood Smear 4 Bone Marrow 4 Fine-Needle Aspiration of Lymph Nodes and Tumors 5 Splenic Aspiration 6 Concentrating Leukocytes from Peripheral Blood in Leukocytopenia 6 Demonstration of Sickle Cells 6 II Light Microscopic Procedures 7 1 Staining Methods for the Morphologic and Cytochemical Differentiation of Cells 8 1.1 Pappenheim’s Stain (Panoptic Stain) 8 1.2 Undritz Toluidine Blue Stain for Basophils 8 1.3 Mayer’s Acid Hemalum Nuclear Stain 8 1.4 Heilmeyer’s Reticulocyte Stain 8 1.5 Heinz Body Test of Beutler 8 1.6 Nile Blue Sulfate Stain 9 1.7 Kleihauer-Betke Stain for Demonstrating Fetal Hemoglobin in Red Blood Cells 9 1.8 Kleihauer-Betke Stain for Demonstrating MethemoglobinContaining Cells in Blood Smears 10 1.9 Berlin Blue Iron Stain 10 1.10 Cytochemical Determination of Glycogen in Blood Cells by the Periodic Acid Schiff Reaction and Diastase Test (PAS Reaction) 11 1.11 Sudan Black B Stain 13 1.12 Cytochemical Determination of Peroxidase 13 1.13 Hydrolases 13 1.14 Appendix 16 XI Immunocytochemical Detection of Cell-Surface and Intracellular Antigens 18 3 Staining Methods for the Detection of Blood Parasites 19 3.1 “Thick Smear” Method 19 3.2 Bartonellosis 19 3.3 Detection of Blood Parasites in Bone Marrow Smears 19 3.4 Toxoplasmosis 19 3.5 Microfiliariasis 19 3.6 Mycobacterium Species (M. tuberculosis, M. leprae) 19 Illustrations III Overview of Cells in the Blood, Bone Marrow, and Lymph Nodes 23 IV Blood and Bone Marrow 27 4 Individual Cells 28

4.1 Light Microscopic Morphology and Cytochemistry 28 5 Bone Marrow 67 5.1 Composition of Normal Bone Marrow 69 5.2 Disturbances of Erythropoiesis 80 5.3 Reactive Blood and Bone Marrow Changes 107 5.4 Bone Marrow Aplasias (Panmyelopathies) 118 5.5 Storage Diseases 122 5.6 Hemophagocytic Syndromes 129 5.7 Histiocytosis X 132 5.8 Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders (CMPD) 134 5.9 Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) 158 5.10 Acute Leukemias 170 5.11 Neoplasias of Tissue Mast Cells (Malignant Mastocytoses) 286 V Lymph Nodes and Spleen 293 6. Cytology of Lymph Node and Splenic Aspirates 294 6.1 Reactive Lymph Node Hyperplasia 295 6.2 Infectious Mononucleosis 304 6.3 Persistent Polyclonal B Lymphocytosis 307 6.4 Malignant Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas VI Tumor Aspirates from Bone Marrow Involved by Metastatic Disease 385 VII Blood Parasites and Other Principal Causative Organisms of Tropical Diseases 399 7 Blood Parasites 400 7.1 Malaria 400 7.2 African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) 410 7.3 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) 411 7.4 Kala Azar or Visceral Leishmaniasis 414 7.5 Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (Oriental Sore) 416 7.6 Toxoplasmosis 416 7.7 Loa Loa 417 7.8 Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi 417 7.9 Mansonella (Dipetalonema) Perstans 420 8 Further Important Causative Organisms of Tropical Diseases 421 8.1 Relapsing Fever 421 8.2 Bartonellosis (Oroya Fever) 421 8.3 Leprosy 423 Subject Index 425