Assignment.docx

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING EECE 3311 INTRO TO ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS SEMESTER 1, 2018/2019 SESSION Section 2

ASSIGNMENT

Matric No: 1624021

Name :Muhammad Nuruddin Bin Muktaruddin

1.1.Renewable energy available in electrical power system: 1.1.1. Solar Energy-Photovoltaic Conversion: a. Definition is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials which produce of voltage and electric current in a material upon exposure to light and also is physical and chemical phenomenon. b. Type of technology is photovoltaic conversion and thermal conversion. c. The resources is heat and light intensity of sunlight d. The PV cell manufacturing process includes a number of hazardous materials, most of which are used to clean and purify the semiconductor surface. These chemicals, similar to those used in the general semiconductor industry, include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen fluoride and etc. The amount and type of chemicals used depends on the type of cell, the amount of cleaning that is needed. Workers also face risks associated with inhaling hazardous materials. 1.1.2. Wind Turbine: a. Alternatively can be called as a wind energy converter, is a device that convert the wind’s kinetic energy into electrical energy. b. Type of technology is horizontal axis wind turbine generators which have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower, and may be pointed into or out of the wind. c. The resources is the wind where the faster the wind, the more electrical energy produced. At low wind speeds, there is insufficient energy to operate the turbine and no power is produced. d. Wind turbine generate some noise. It is known that loud noise increases stress and stress causes diseases which affected the ecosystem of human and animal. 1.1.3. Geothermal Energy: a. Definition is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter. b. There are three types which are dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. Dry steam draw from underground resources of steam. Flash steam geothermal reservoirs of water with temperatures greater than 182°C. While, binary cycle power plants operate on water at lower temperatures of about 107°-182°C. c. The resources is use steam produced from reservoirs of hot water found a couple of miles or more below the Earth's surface. d. It may consume energy from a polluting source. A geothermal heat pump powered by electricity from a combined cycle natural gas plant would produce about as much air pollution as a natural gas condensing furnace of the same size. Therefore, the environmental value of direct geothermal heating applications is highly dependent on the emissions intensity of the neighbouring electric grid.

1.1.4. Tidal Power: a. Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into electricity. b. Technologies of tidal power is involved erecting a tidal dam, or barrage, with a sluice across a narrow bay or estuary. As the tide flows in or out, creating uneven water levels on either side of the barrage, the sluice is opened and water flows through low-head hydro turbines to generate electricity. c. The resources is the motion of ocean tides. d. Use of tidal power could decrease the need for nuclear power, with its associated radiation risks. Changing tidal flows will result in negative impacts on aquatic and shoreline ecosystems, as well as navigation and recreation.

1.2.Suitable renewable energy to be implemented in Malaysia (Selangor): 1.2.1. Solar Energy: a. In 2010, Malaysia’s electricity generation totalled at 137,909 GWh. Malaysia, being near the equator, receives between 4,000 to 5,000 Wh per sq. m per day. This means, in one day, Malaysia receives enough energy from the Sun to generate 11 years worth of electricity. This is an incredible potential amount of energy into which Malaysia can tap. The most suitable region in Selangor to be implemented solar energy is Klang Valley because of recorded highest temperature in Selangor about 36℃ to 38℃ and also known the industrial place resulting a lot of heat emitting at the Klang Valley. The temperature shown than the intensity of sun is excellent for implementation of solar energy. b. Malaysia has the advantageous values in developing its solar energy due to its location in the equatorial zone. Besides, Malaysia is blessed with natural tropical climate with average daily solar radiation of 4500 kWh/m² and abundant sunshine for about 12 h/day. c. It would take approximately RM60000 or more for a full set of solar photovoltaic not including the cost of installation that applicable at house. It may seem a bit costly if look into the numbers alone, but looking over the long-term, price may still be considered as worth it. However, there may come to a point losing some of solar power, due to some factors which are resistance in the wires when panels are hooked up to a battery, connection of solar cells and accumulation of dirt. It is recommend regular cleaning of solar panel which can be done by self. While the others factor can be solved by calling the maintenance service that should be provided for free by the company that selling the solar photovoltaic.

1.3. References          

Environmental Impacts of Solar Power retrieved from https://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewableenergy/environmental-impacts-solar-power.html#.W_6g72gzbIU Solar Energy Technologies retrieved from https://www.seia.org/research-resources/solarenergy-technologies-0 Wind Turbines Technologies retrieved from https://www.acciona.com/renewableenergy/wind-power/wind-turbines/ Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines retrieved from https://www.turbinesinfo.com/horizontalaxis-wind-turbines-hawt/ Geothermal Power and Electricity Production retrieved from https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/geothermal-energy/tech/geoelectricity.html Harnessing the Power of the Tides retrieved from https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/print/volume-17/issue3/hydropower/harnessing-the-power-of-the-tides.html Wave & Tidal Energy Technology retrieved from https://renewablenw.org/node/wavetidal-energy-technology Maximising solar power output retrieved from http://www.solarsystemmalaysia.com/tag/solar-panel-maintenance/ Sonar Panel Installation Cost retrieved from http://www.solarpanelmalaysia.com/basic/solar-panel-installation-cost/ Christopher Teh Boon Sung (May 4 2012) Electricity from solar energy in Malaysia: Clean, renewable, and abundant energy source, so what’s the problem? retrieved from http://www.christopherteh.com/blog/2012/05/solar-malaysia/