Asian Studies Lao Version

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Central Asia º¾§ó¡¾¤

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East Asia º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡

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Southwest Asia º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ªö¡¦È¼¤ÃªÉ +

-À¢©-º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ªö¡-¦¼¤-¤-ÃªÉ ª¾´-¯ö¡¡½ªò-Áìɸ ¯½-Àê©-º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ªö¡-¦¼¤-êÉ-¡Ò-«ô¡-

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1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia 4

¦½¹½-¯½§¾-©. μøÈ-Ã−-©É¾−-¸ñ©ê½−½ê¿ -Áì½- 꾤-©É¾−-²ø´-¦¾©-¢º¤-º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ªö¡¦¼¤-ÃªÉ ¹ô-ì ª¾-À¸ñ−-ºº¡-¡¾¤ ®¾¤-£˜¤¡Ò-−ñ®-Àº¾-®¾¤-¯½-Àê©-Ã−-À¢© º¾-³ò롾-ÀÏõº -©¨-¦½-À²¾½¯½-Àê© ºó-μó® -Áì½ ºò−-À©¨ , ²¾¡-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ªö¡-¢º¤-¯½-Àê© ¯ë¾¡ó-¦½«¾− ¡Ò-À£ó¨-«õ-−ñ®-À¯ñ−¦¸È−ψ¤¢º¤-À¢©-º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ªö¡-¦¼¤-êÉ. ºó¤-ª¾´-¡¾−-ùÉ-£¿-−ò¨¾´ -Áì½ º½êò®¾¨ 꾤©É¾−-²ø´-¦¾© -Áì½ ¸ñ©-ê½−½-ê¿ ºö¤¡¾− ¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© -Ä©É-−ñ®-Àºö¾-¯½-Àê© -Àªó-¡ó , º¾À´-À−¨ , ºñ©-À§ó-®¾¨-¥ñ− Áì½-¥ð-À¥¨ -À¢í¾-À¯ñ−-À¢©-º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ªö¡ -À«ó¤μȾ¤-é-¡Ò-©ó-®ñ−©¾-¯½Àê©-À¹ì‰¾−š –Á´È−-¨ñ¤-´ó-£¸¾´-¦ñ®¦ö−-êó-¥½-−º−-μøÈ-Ã−-À¢©-μø-Âë® ¹ìõ º¾§ó ¯½-Àê© -Àªó-¡ó ,

¥ð-À¥¨ , ºñ©-À§ó-®¾¨-¥ñ− ´ó-Á²È-−©ò−-®¾¤-¦È¸−-êó-−º−-μøÈ-Ã−-À¢© μø-Âë® ¦È¸−-º¾-´-À−¨©ò−-Á©−êñ¤-Ïö©-Á´È−-−º−-μøÈ-Ã−-À¢©-º¾§ó.

Territories º¾−¾À¢©¢º¤À¢©º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ªö¡¦È¼¤ÃªÉ Southwest Asia is in most contexts meant to encompass: Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Cyprus Georgia Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestinian Territories (Gaza Strip and West Bank) Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen The Asian portions of

5

Turkey (Asia Minor or Anatolia) In addition, its limits are sometimes widened to include: The European portions of Turkey

South Asia º¾§óÃªÉ º¾§ó-êÉ: ®¾¤-£˜¤¡Ò-Àºš−¸È¾-º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ªö¡-¦¼¤-êÉ-À¢©-−šººÉ´»ºÉ®©É¸¨ º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ªö¡-¦¼¤-

ÃªÉ , º¾§ó-¡¾¤ , º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ºº¡ -Áì½ -º¾§ó º¾§ó-ª¾-À¸ñ−-ºº¡¦¼¤-ÃªÉ , -À¢©-º¾§ó-êÉ-´ó®ñ−©¾-¦½´¾-§ó¡ ªÈ¾¤Å-¢º¤-¡÷È´ -À¦©«½¡ò© ¡ú¼¸¡ñ®-¡¾−ëȸ´´õ-꾤-²¾¡²œ−º¾§ó—ÃªÉ : ®¤©-¡¾-ì¾-À©ñ© , ®øª¾− ,ºò−-À©¨ , -À´ö¾-©ò® ,-À−-¯¾− , ¯¾-¡ò©-¦½«¾− –Áì½ ¦ó-ìñ¤¡¾ ®¾¤£˜¤¡Ò-−ñ®-ìȸ´-Àºö¾ ºñ©-¡¾-−󦽫¾− –Áì½-´¼−´É¾ ºó¤-ª¾´ ºö¤¡¾−-¦½¹½-¯½§¾-§¾© ¯½Àê©-ºó-ì¾−-Á´È−- -À¯ñ−-¦È¸−-ψ¤¢º¤-º¾§ó-êÉ. £¸¾´¦ñ®¦ö−Ã−¡¾−ùɣ¿−ò¨¾´¡¾−º½êò®¾¨Áì½Ã¹É£¿−ò¨¾´μøÈÃ−À¢©º¾ §óêÉÁ´È−´ó£¸¾´¦ñ®¦ö−¸÷É−¸¾¨Â©¨¦½À²¾½¡¾−ùɣ¿−ò¨¾´¹ìõùɣ¿º½êò®¾¨

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쾨§ˆ¯½Àê©Ã−À¢©º¾§óÃªÉ Bangladesh ®ñ¤¡ì¾À©ñ© 6

British Indian Ocean Territory º¾−¾À¢©´½¹¾¦½´÷©ºò−À©¨¢º¤ºñ¤¡ò© Bhutan ®øª¾− India ºò−À©¨ Maldives À´ö¾©ó® Nepal À−¯¾− Pakistan ¯¾¡ò©¦½«¾− Sri Lanka ¦ëòìñ¤¡¾

ÁªÈ®¾¤£˜¤À¢©º¾§óĪɡÒ츴Àºö¾ Afghanistan ºñ®¡¾−ò¦«¾− Myanmar ²½´É¾ Tibet ªòÀ®©

−º¡¥¾¡−šºö¤¡¾−¦½¹½¯½§¾§¾©¡Ò¨ñ¤«õÀºö¾¯½Àꩺ†ìȾ−À¢í¾´¾À¯ñ−¦È¸−Έ¤ ¢º¤À¢©º¾§óÃªÉ Iran º†ìȾ− Religion ¦¾©¦½Î¾ Sunni Muslim (80%), Shi'a Muslim (19%), other (1%)

¯½§¾§ö−«õ¦¾©¦½Î¾§ñ−−ò´÷©¦½ìó´

Afghanistan ºñ®¡¾−ò¦«¾−

(80%), §óìȾ´÷©¦½ìó´(19%),

¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å (1%) Muslim (89.7%), Hindu (9.2%), Buddhist (0.7%), Christian (0.3%), Animist and believers in tribal faiths (0.1%)

Bangladesh

®ñ¤¡½ì¾À©ñ©

´÷©¦½ìó´(89.7%),,

¹ó−©ø(9.2%),,

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©(0.7%),

£ëò©(0.3%),,

¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Åê†−ñ®«õ¦ñ© 7

Áì½

°ó(0.1%) Christian (45.55%), Hindu (38.55%), Muslim (9.25%), Non-Religious (6.50%), Atheist (0.10%), Other (0.05%) British Indian Ocean Territory

º¾−¾À¢©´½¹¾¦½´÷©ºò−À©¨¢º¤ºñ¤ ¡ò©

£ëò©(45.55%), ¹ó−©ø(38.55%), ´÷©¦½ìó´(9.25%),, °øÉꆮÒ−ñ®«õ¦¾©¦½Î¾(6.50%),,

°øÉê†−ñ®«õ¦¾©¦½Î¾ÁªÈ®ÒÀ£„¤£ñ©(0.10 %), ¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å(0.05%) Buddhist (75%), Hindu (25%)

Bhutan ®øª¾−

¹ó−©ø(25%) ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©(75%), Hindu (80.5%), Muslim (13.4%), Christian (2.3%), Sikh (1.9%), Buddhist (0.8%), Jain (0.4%), Others (0.6%)

´÷©¦½ìó´(13.4%), ¹ó−©ø(80.5%)

India ºò−À©¨

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©(0.7%), £ëò©(2.3%), ¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å(0.6%), ¦¾©¦½Î¾§ò¡ (1.9%),

¦¾©¦½Î¾Ä§−½ (0.4%) Shi'a Muslim (89%), Sunni Muslim (9%), Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i (2%)

¯½§¾§ö−«õ¦¾©¦½Î¾§ñ−−ò´÷©¦½ìó´

Iran º†ìȾ−

(9%), §óìȾ´÷©¦½ìó´(89%),

¦¾©¦½Î¾®ø§¾Ä³, ¦¾©¦½Î¾μò¸, ¦¾©¦½Î¾ ®¾»¾(2%)

8

Sunni Muslim (100%)

Maldives À´ö¾©ó®

¦¾©¦½Î¾§ñ−−ò´÷©¦½ìó´(100%) Theravada Buddhism (89%), Muslim (4%), Christian (4%), Animist (1%), others (including Hinduism) (2%)

Myanmar ²½´É¾

´÷©¦½ìó´(4%), ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©(89%), £ëò©(4%) ¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å(2%) Hindu (80.6%), Buddhist Muslim Á, Kirat (3.6%)

´÷©¦½ìó´(10.7%),

Nepal À−¯¾−

(10.7%),

¹ó−©ø(80.6%)

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©(10.7%),

£ëò©(4%)

¦¾©¦½Î¾¡ò뾩(3.6%)

Muslim (96.28%), Christian (1.59%), Hindu (0.25%), Qadiani (0.22%)

´÷©¦½ìó´(96.28%),

Pakistan¯¾¡ò©¦½«¾−

¹ó−©ø(0.25%),

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©(89%),

£ëò©(1.59%),

¦¾©¦½Î¾¡¾À©¨−ó(0.22%) Buddhist (70.42%), Muslim (10.89%), Hindu (8.78%), Catholic (7.77%), Other Christian (1.97%), Other (0.17%)

´÷©¦½ìó´(10.89%),

Sri Lanka ¦ëòìñ¤¡¾

¹ó−©ø(8.78%),

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©(70.42%), £ëò©(1.97%) ¦¾©¦½Î¾¡¾Âªìò¡ (7.77%) ¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å(0.17%) Buddhist, Bön, Muslim, and others...

Tibet ªòÀ®©

(Data 9

Unknown)

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©,

´÷©¦½ìó´, ¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å East Asia º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡ People's Republic of China (PRC), including the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau

¯½Àê©À¯ñ−¯½Àê©©¼¸¦º¤ì½®º®, ¦½−˜−»ö¤¡ö¤ Áì½ ´¾À¡ö¾ À¯ñ−À¢©êô− −ò¨ö´ê†−º−μøÈÃ−º½−¾À¢©¢º¤¥ó− Japan Republic of China (ROC), including the islands of Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, and the Pescadores À¡¾½ÄªÉ¹¸ñ−¡Ò−º−μøÈÃ−º½−¾À¢©¢º¤¥ó− North Korea South Korea Mongolia

Southeast Asia º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡¦¼¤ÃªÉ # º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡¦¼¤ÃªÉ: À¢©º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ªö¡¦¼¤ÃªÉ ¯½¡º®´ó®ñ−©¾¯½Àê©êóμøÈÁ«¸ÃªÉªò©¡ñ®¥ó− Áì½ ºò−À©¨

꾤ª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡Á콺ó¡μȾ¤Ïˆ¤Ã¡É¡ñ®¯½Àꩺóª¾ìóμøÈ꾤êò©ÀÏõº−,À¢©º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−

ºº¡¦¼¤ÃªÉÁ´È−«õ¡Á®È¤ºº¡À¯ñ− ¦º¤ ¦È¸−£õ: À¢©Á²È−©ó−ùȨ Áì½À¢©êóÀ¯ñ−À¡¾½

À¢©Á²È−©ò−ùȨ¯¡º¨´ó:¡¿¯øÀ¥¨ , 쾸 , ²½´É¾ , Äê Áì½ ¹¸¼©−¾´ .

¯½§¾§ö−¦¸È−ùȨÁ´È−−ñ®«õ¦¾¦½Ï¾²÷© Áì½ ®¾¤¦È¸−−ñ®«õ¦¾¦½Ï¾ºò©¦½ì¾´ . ¦È¸−¯½Àê©êóÀ¯ñ−À¡¾½¯½¡º®©É¸¨: ®øëÃ− , ªóë´ðª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡ ,´¾ÀìÀ§¨ , ºó−©À−À§¨ , ³ò−ìó®¯ó− Áì½ ¦ó¤¡½Â¯.¯½§¾§ö−¦È¸−¹ì¾¨Ã−À¢©

−šÁ´È−−ñ®«õ¦¾¦½Ï¾ºò©¦½ì¾´ Áì½ ®¾¤¦È¸−¡Ò−ñ®«õ¦¾¦½Ï¾£ò멦½ª¼−.

쾨§ˆ¯½Àê©Ã−À¢© º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡¦¼¤ÃªÉ Brunei Cambodia

10

Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand East Timor Vietnam Mainland Southeast Asia includes: ¯½Àê©ê†μøÈÃ−À¢©Á°È−©ó−ù¨È Cambodia Laos Myanmar Thailand Vietnam Maritime Southeast Asia includes: ¯½Àê©ê†À¯ñ−À¡¾½ Brunei East Timor Indonesia Malaysia Orchid Island Philippines Singapore The religious composition for each country is as follows

¡¾−À§ˆº«õ¦¾©¦½Î¾ Andaman and Nicobar Animism, Islands Sikhism

À¡¾½ºñ−©¾´ñ−

Buddhism,

Christianity,

Hinduism,

Islam,

Áì½ ´÷©¦½ìó´, ¹ó−©ø, ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, £ëò©, ¦¾©¦½Î¾§ò¡,

À¡¾½−ò¡®¾

¦¾©¦½Î¾ê†−ñ®«õ¦ñ©

Brunei

Islam (67%), Buddhism (13%), Christianity (10%), others (Indigenous beliefs, etc.) (10%) 11

´÷©¦½ìó´,

¹ó−©ø,

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©,

£ëò©,

¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å Theravada Buddhism (93%), others (Animism, etc.)

Cambodia

(7%)¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, ¦¾©¦½Î¾ê†−ñ®«õ°ó Buddhism (36%), Islam (25%), Christianity (18%), Taoism (15%), others (6%)

Christmas Island

´÷©¦½ìó´,

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©,

£ëò©,

ìñ©êòÀªö¾,

¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å Cocos (Keeling) Islands

À¡¾½Â¡Â¡©

Sunni Islam (80%), others (20%)´÷©¦½ìó´

Roman Catholicism (90%), Islam (5%), Protestant (3%), others (Buddhist, Hindu, etc.) (2%) East Timor ªò´ð

´÷©¦½ìó´, ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, ¦¾©¦½Î¾Âì´ñ−¡¾Âªìò¡, ¯Áª¦Áª−

Hainan

Animism, Confucianism, Mahayana Buddhism, Protestant, Roman Catholicism, Taoism, Nonreligious, Island others

À¡¾½Ä»−¾−

¦¾©¦½Î¾ê†−ñ®«õ°ó, ¦¾©¦½Î¾¢ö¤¥œ, ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, ¦¾©¦½Î¾Âì´ñ−¡¾Âªìò¡, ¯Áª¦Áª−

Indonesia ºó−©−òÀ§¨

Islam (86.1%), Protestant (5.7%), Roman Catholicism (3%), Hinduism (1.8%), others including Buddhism, or unspecified (3.4%)

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©,

¦¾©¦½Î¾Âì´ñ−¡¾Âªìò¡,

¯Áª¦Áª−, ´÷©¦½ìó´ Laos 쾸

Theravada Buddhism (60%), others (Animism, etc.) (40%)

12

¦¾©¦½Î¾ê†−ñ®«õ°ó, ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©

Malaysia ´¾ÀìÀ§¨

Islam (60.4%), Mahayana Buddhism (19.2%), Christianity (9.1%), Hinduism (6.1%), Animism (5.2%)

¦¾©¦½Î¾ê†−ñ®«õ°ó, ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, £ëò©, ¹ó−©ø Theravada Buddhism (89%), Islam (4%), Christianity (4%), Animism (1%), others (2%)

Myanmar ²½´É¾

¦¾©¦½Î¾ê†−ñ®«õ°ó, ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, £ëò©, ´÷©¦½ìó´, ¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å Animism, Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Taoism

Orchid

Island

À¡¾½Âº§ò©

Philippines ³òìó®¯ò−

¦¾©¦½Î¾ê†−ñ®«õ°ó, ¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, £ëò©, ìñ©êòÀªö¾, ¦¾©¦½Î¾¢ö¤¥œ Roman Catholicism (81%), Islam (5%), Evangelical (2.8%), Iglesia ni Cristo (2.2%), Aglipayan (2%), other Christian (4.5%), others (Animism, Buddhism, Nonreligious, etc.) (2.5%)

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, ´÷©¦½ìó´, ¦¾©¦½Î¾Âì´ñ−¡¾Âªìò¡ , £ëò©

Singapore ¦ó¤¡¾Â¯

Buddhism (42.5%), Islam (15%), Taoism (8%), Roman Catholicism (4.5%), Hinduism (4%), Nonreligious (15%), other Christian (10%), others (1%)

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©,

ìñ©êòÀªö¾,

´÷©¦½ìó´,

¦¾©¦½Î¾Âì´ñ−¡¾Âªìò¡ , £ëò©, ¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å South China Sea Islands

À¡¾½À¢©ê½Àì¥ó−ĪÉ

Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Islam, Taoism, Nonreligious

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©, ìñ©êòÀªö¾, ´÷©¦½ìó´,

¦¾©¦½Î¾Âì´ñ−¡¾Âªìò¡ , £ëò©¦¾©¦½Î¾¢ö¤¥œ

13

Thailand Äê

Viet Nam ¸¼©−¾´

Theravada Buddhism (94.6%), Islam (4.6%), others (1%)¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©,´÷©¦½ìó´,¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å Mahayana Buddhism (78%), Roman Catholicism (7%), Theravada Buddhism (5%), Cao Dai (2%), Protestant (1%), others (Animism, Hoa Hao, Islam, Nonreligious, etc.) (7%)

¦¾©¦½Î¾²÷©,´÷©¦½ìó´,¦¾©¦½Î¾Âì´ñ−¡¾Âªìò¡, ¦¾©¦½Î¾ºˆ−Å

The language composition for each country is as follows: (The official languages have been bolded.)

²¾¦¾ Nicobarese, Bengali, English, Hindi, Malayalam, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Shompen, Andamanese languages, others Andaman and Nicobar Islands

²¾¦¾−ò¡®¾, À®¤¡ð, ºñ¤¡ò©, ¹ó−©ø, ´¾Àì, ¯ñ−¥¾, Àªìø¡ø, §ö´À²ñ−, ºñ−©¾´ñ−, ºˆ−Å

Brunei

Malay, Chinese dialects, indigenous Borneian dialects

´¾Àì, ¥ó−, ®º−Â− Khmer, Vietnamese, Chamic dialects, others Cambodia

¢½ÀÏñ−, ¸¼©, §¾´ò¡, ºˆ−Å English, Chinese, Malay

Christmas Island

ºñ¤¡ò©, ¥ó−, ´¾Àì English, Cocos Malay

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

ºñ¤¡ò©, ´¾Àì 14

Tetum, Portuguese, Mambae, Makasae, Tukudede, Bunak, Galoli, Kemak, Fataluku, Baikeno, others East Timor

Àªì¿, ¯ðªøÀ¡©, ´¾´À®, ´¾¡¾À§, ªø¡ø, ®ø−ñ¡, ¡¾Âì, À¡´¾¡, ³¾ª¾ìø¡ø Ä®¡òÂ−, ºˆ−Å

Hainan Island

Mandarin (Chinese), Hainanese, Vietnamese, Hlai, Hmong, Tsat, Zhuang, others

¥ó−, Ä»−¾−, ¸¼©, Äì, ´ö¤, Á§©, §ñ¤, ºˆ−Å Indonesian, Acehnese, Batak, Sundanese, Javanese, Sasak, Tetum, Dayak, Minahasa, Toraja, Buginese, Halmahera, Ambonese, Ceramese, Dutch, Papuan languages, Chinese dialects, others Indonesia

ºó−©, º¾À¥, ®¾ªñ¡, §ñ−©¾, ¥¾¸¾, §¾§ñ¡, ©¾¨ñ¡, ´ó−¾¹¾, ª쾥¾, ®ñ¡¡ò−, ¹¾´¾À¹¨½, º¿Â®, ºˆ−Å

Laos

Lao, Vietnamese, Hmong, Miao, Mien, Dao, Shan, others

쾸, ¸¼©, ´ö¤, ºˆ−Å

Malaysia

Malay, English, Tamil, Chinese dialects, other Indian languages, Sarawak and Sabahan languages, others

´¾Àì, ºñ¤¡ò©, ª¾´ó−, ¥ó−, ºˆ−Å

Myanmar

Burmese, Shan, Karen, Rakhine, Kachin, Chin, Mon, Chinese dialects, Indian languages, others

²½´É¾, ¥ó−, ºó−À©¨, ºˆ−Å Orchid Island

Mandarin (Chinese), Tao, Taiwanese

15

¥ó−, Àªö¾, Īɹ¸ñ−

Philippines

Filipino, English, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Tagalog, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Bicolano, Maranao, Maguindanao, Tausug, Kinaray-a, Chabacano, Lán-lâng-oē (Philippine Hokkien), Spanish, Arabic, other Visayan languages, other Philippine languages, others

³óìò®¯ò−, ¦½À¯ñ−, º¾ìñ®, ºˆ−Å

Singapore

Mandarin (Chinese), Malay, Tamil, English, other Chinese dialects, other Indian languages, Arabic dialects, others

¥ó−, ´¾Àì, ºñ¤¡ò©, ºˆ−Å

South China Sea Islands

English, Filipino, Malay, Mandarin (Chinese), Vietnamese

ºñ¤¡ò©, ³óìò®¯ò−, ´¾Àì, ¥ó−

Thailand

Thai, Vietnamese, Lao, Shan, Lue, Phutai, Khmer, Mon, Mein, Hmong, Karen, Malay, Chinese dialects, others

Äê, ¸¼©, 쾸, ´ö¤........

Vietnam

Vietnamese, Cham, French creole, Tay, Muong, Nung, English, others

¸¼©, ±ë„¤, ºñ¤¡ò©, ºˆ−Å

Eastern Asia º¾§ó¡¾¤

ºó¤ª¾´−ñ¡£í−£¸É¾ê¾¤²ø´¦¾© Áì½ ª¾´êò©¦½©óªÈ¾¤Å, À²†−Ä©É¥ñ©¯½ÀꩪȾ¤ÅÀ¢í¾

Ã−À¢© º¾§ó¡¾¤©„¤−š:

¯½Àê©¡¾§ñ¡¦½«¾− Kazakhstan º÷À®¡ò©¦½«¾−Uzbekistan

16

ª¾¡ò¡ò©¦½«¾−Tajikistan Àªó¡´ó−󦽫¾− Turkmenistan À¡ó¡ò©¦½«¾−Kyrgyzstan

À«ó¤μȾ¤Ã©¡Òª¾´®¾¤£˜¤À²†−¥ñ©ºñ®¡½−ò©¦½«¾−, ´ö¤Â¡Àì¨, ºóë¾−, Áì½ ¥ó− ¸È¾μøÈÀ¢© º¾ §ó¡¾¤ÀÏõº−¡ñ−. 2

¢ö¤À¢© Áì½ º¾−¾À¢©¢º¤ê½¸ó®º¾§ó region and territory

¢ö¤À¢© Áì½ º¾−¾À¢©

Area

À−œºê† (km)

Population

Population

density ( km)

2002 ¯½§¾¡º− £¸¾´Ï¾ÁÎÉ−

Currency Capital

¦½¡÷−À¤ò−

Astana

Tenge

À´õº¤Í¸¤

¢º¤¯½§¾¡º−

Central Asia: À¢©º¾§ó¡¾¤ Kazakhstan ¡¾§ñ¡¦½«¾−

2,346,927 13,472,593

5.7

Kyrgyzstan À¡ó¡ò©¦«¾−

198,500

4,822,166

24.3

Tajikistan ª¾¥ó¥ò©¦«¾−

143,100

6,719,567

47.0

Turkmenistan Àªò¡´ó−󩦫¾−

2

488,100

4,688,963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia 17

9.6

Áº©¦ª¾− Áê¤ ¾ Bishkek

®ó©¦À¡ñ¡ Dushanbe ©ø§¾−À®

Ashgabat

º¾¦¡¾®ñ©

Kyrgyzstani Som §´ Tajikistani Somoni §´−ó Manat ´¾−ñ©

Uzbekistan ºøÀ®¡ò©¦«¾−

447,400

25,563,441

57.1

Tashkent «¾¦À¡ñ−

Uzbekistani Som 夫

Eastern Asia: À¢©º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡ China ¦¯¯ ¥ó−

Beijing 9,584,492 1,384,303,705 134.0

À®¥ó¤(¯ñ¡¡† ¤) Hong Kong

Hong Kong (China)

1,092

7,303,334

6,688.0

—

»ö¤¡ö¤ Japan ¨ò¯÷È−

377,835

126,974,628

336.1

Tokyo ª¡¼¸

25

461,833

18,473.3

Yen Àμñ−

—

Pataca

¯¾ª¾¡È¾

Ulaanbaat Tugrik

Mongolia ´ö¤Â¡Àì¨

©º−ìȾ

Macanese

Macau (China) ´¾À¡öû¾

Dollar

1,565,000 2,694,432

1.7

ar

ªø¡ëò¡

ºøì¾Á−®¾ ª¾ Pyongyan North

North Korea À¡ö¾ÍóÀÎõº

120,540

22,224,195

184.4

South Korea À¡ö¾ÍóĪÉ

98,480

48,324,000

18

490.7

g

²¼¤μ¾¤ Seoul §

Korean Won ¸ö−

South

Korean Won ¸ö−

Taiwan Īɹ¸ñ−

35,980

22,548,009

626.7

Taipei ÄêÀ¯

New Taiwan Dollar

©º−ìȾ

Northern Asia: À¢©º¾§óÀÎõº Russia ëñ©À§¨

13,115,20 0

39,129,729

3.0

Moscow

´º©¦Â¡

Russian Ruble ë÷®

Southeastern Asia: À¢©º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡¦¼¤ÄªÉ Bandar

Brunei ®ëøÄ−

5,770

350,898

60.8

Seri Begawan

Brunei Dollar ©º−ìȾ

À®¡¾¸ñ− Cambodia ¡¿¯øÀ¥¨

Phnom 181,040

12,775,324

70.6

²½−ö´À¯ñ−

Indonesia ºó−©À−À§¨

1,419,588 227,026,560

159.9

Laos ¦¯¯ 쾸

236,800

5,777,180

24.4

Malaysia ´¾ÀìÀ§¨

Jakarta ¥ñ¡¡¾ªÉ¾ Vientiane ¸¼¤¥ñ− Kuala

329,750

22,662,365

68.7

Myanmar (Burma) ¦½¹½²¾®²½´É¾

Penh

678,500

42,238,224

19

62.3

Riel 뼸 Rupiah ëøÀ¯¨ Kip ¡ó® Ringgit

Lumpur

ìò¤¡ò©

Naypyida

Kyat

¡øì¾ì¿À¯ó w

Ä−¯ó©ð

¡¼©

Philippines ³òìò®¯ó−

300,000

84,525,639

281.8

Singapore ¦ó¤¡¾Â¯

704

4,483,900

6,369.0

Thailand Äê

514,000

62,354,402

121.3

Manila ´¾−òì¾ Singapore ¦ó¤¡¾Â¯ Bangkok ®ñ¤¡º¡

15,007

952,618

63.5

ªò´ðª¾À¸ñ−ºº¡ Vietnam ¹¸¼©−¾´

Peso À¯Â§

Singapore Dollar

©º−ìȾ Baht ®¾©

US Dollar

Timor-Leste (East Timor)

Philippine

329,560

81,098,416

246.1

Dili

©º−ìȾ

©óìó

Hanoi ¹¾Â−¨

Dong ©ö¤

Southern Asia: À¢©º¾§óÄªÉ Afghanistan Á®¡¾−ò©¦«¾−

647,500

27,755,775

42.9

Bangladesh ®ñ¤¡¾ì¾À©ñ©

144,000

133,376,684

926.2

Bhutan ®øª¾− India

47,000

672,425

14.3

3,287,590 1,045,845,226 318.2

20

Kabul £¾®ø Dhaka ©¾¡É¾ Thimphu êó´²ø

Afghani ºñ®¡ñ−−ò Taka ª¾¡È¾ Ngultrum ¤Ñªë¾´

New Delhi Indian −ò¸À©ñ−ìó

Rupee

ëø¯ó

ºò−À©¨ Iran ºóì¾−

1,648,000 68,467,413

41.5

Maldives À´ö¾©ó®

300

320,165

1,067.2

140,800

25,873,917

183.8

803,940

147,663,429

183.7

´¾ÀìÈ

u

¡ñ©´¾−©ø

Rufiyah ëø³ó¨¾

Rupee ëø¯ó

ºò¦ì¾´¾®ñ Rupee ©

Sri Lanka ¦ëòìñ¤¡¾

Malé

뼸

Islamabad Pakistani

Pakistan ¯¾¡ó©¦«¾−

Àªóì¾−

Iranian Rial

Kathmand Nepalese

Nepal À−¯¾−

Tehran

65,610

19,576,783

298.4

Colombo £Âì´Â®

ëø¯ó

Sri Lankan Rupee ëø¯ó

Western Asia: À¢©º¾§óª¾À¸ñ−ªö¡ Armenia º¾À´À−¨

29,800

3,330,099

111.7

46,870

3,845,127

82.0

Azerbaijan ºñ¦À§ó¨¾¨¥ñ− Bahrain ®¾Àëñ−

665

656,397

21

987.1

Yerevan ÀμÀ븾− Baku ®¾¡ø Manama ´¾−¾´¾

Bahraini Dinar ©ó−Ⱦ

Cyprus ħ¯ëñ©

9,250

775,927

83.9

363

1,203,591

3,315.7

20,460

2,032,004

99.3

Gaza ¡¾§û¾ Georgia ¥ðÀ¥¨ Iraq

437,072

ºóëñ¡

24,001,816

54.9

Israel ºó¦ë¾Àº¸

20,770

6,029,529

290.3

Jordan

92,300

¥ðÁ©−

5,307,470

57.5

Kuwait

Nicosia −ò¡À§¨ Gaza ¡¾§û¾ Tbilisi êò®ò§ó

Baghdad Á®¡Á©¡

Jerusalem À¥ëø§¾Àìñ´ Amman

º¾´´¾− Kuwait

17,820

£øÁ¸©

2,111,561

118.5

Lebanon À쮾−º−

10,400

3,677,780

353.6

Oman º´¾− Qatar

212,460

2,713,462

12.8

11,437

793,341

69.4

22

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Iraqi Dinar ©ó−Ⱦ

Sheqel §óÀ¡¸

Jordanian Dinar ©ó−Ⱦ Kuwaiti Dinar ©ó−Ⱦ

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Doha

Qatari Riyal

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1,960,582 23,513,330

12.0

Syria §òÀë¨

185,180

17,155,814

92.6

756,768

57,855,068

76.5

Turkey Àªó¡ó

Riyadh ëòμñ©

Damascus ´¾©¾¡¾¦

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Pound ¯º−

Ankara

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United Arab Emirates

Saudi Riyal

82,880

2,445,989

29.5

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Abu Dhabi Emirates º¾®ø©øÄ®

dirham À©ó¹¾´

West Bank À¸©¦Á®É¤

5,860

2,303,660

393.1

—

35.4

Sanaá §¾−ú¾

Yemen ÀμÀ´ñ−

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527,970 43,810,58 2

18,701,257

3,902,404,193 89.07

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Ä©É¥ñ©ëñ©À§¨À¢í¾μøÈÃ−¡÷È´μøÂë®. ¢Ó´ø−¢É¾¤ì÷È´−š À¯ñ−¢Ó´ø−ꆦ½¹ù÷®Ä©É¥¾¡¯ó 2006 ©¨ºö¤¡¾− IMF ŒÏ¾¨À¹©: êɹ¸ñ−´ó¦½«¾−½²¾®ê¾¤©É¾−¡¾−À´õº¤ê†¦ñ®¦ö−μøÈÃ−ì½¹¸È¾¤ìñ©ê½´óÀº¡½ì¾© Áì½ ìñ©ê†®Ò´óÀº¡½ì¾©.

Œ ®¾¤£˜¤¯½Àꩺö©¦½ª¾ìó¡Ò«õ¡¥ñ©À¢í¾μøÈÃ−¡÷È´¯½Àꩺ¾§ó ÁªÈ¦È¸−¯½Àê©−ó¸ §óÁì−§Õ²ñ©®ÒÀ£ó¨ «ô¡Àºóú¨À«ó¤μøÈÃ−®ñ−§ó쾨§ˆ¢º¤ê½¸ó®º¾§ó.

Rank

World Rank

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—

—

Country ¯½Àê© World 콩ñ®Âì¡ 28

2006 GDP (nominal) millions of US dollars

츴¨º©²½ìò©ª½²ñ−²¾¨Ã− 48,144,466

—

—

Asia 콩ñ®º¾§ó

1

2

Japan μ†¯÷È−

4,367,459

2

4

China ¥ó−

2,630,113

3

12

South Korea À¡ö¾ÍóêÉ

888,267

4

13

India ºò−À©¨

886,867

5

21

Indonesia ºò−©À−À§¨

364,239

6

22

7

23

8

32

Iran º†ëȾ−

212,492

9

34

Thailand Äê

206,258

10

36

Hong Kong »ö¤¡ö¤

189,538

11

38

12

39

Malaysia ´¾ÀìÀ§¨

150,923

13

42

Israel ºò¦ì¾Àº¸

140,195

14

44

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

132,155

15

45

Pakistan ¯¾¡ò¦«¾−

128,996

16

47

Philippines ³òìò®¯ó−

116,931

17

54

Kuwait £øÀ¸©

96,132

18

56

Kazakhstan ¡¾§ñ¡¦«¾−

77,237

19

57

Bangladesh ®ñ¤¡¾ì¾À©ñ©¦

65,216

20

58

Vietnam ¸¼©−¾´

60,995

21

61

Qatar ¡¾ªÉ¾

52,722

22

70

Oman º´¾−

35,992

Republic of China (Taiwan) Īɹ¸ñ−

12,329,441

355,708

Saudi Arabia §¾º÷©òº¾ì¾À®¨ 348,604

United Arab Emirates º¾ëñ®

29

168,263

23

74

Syria §óÀë¨

31,505

24

78

Sri Lanka ¦ëòìñ¤¡¾

26,794

25

80

Lebanon À쮾−º−

22,622

26

81

27

84

Azerbaijan ºñ©¦À§ó¨¾¨¥ñ−

19,817

28

87

Yemen ÀμÀ´ñ−

18,700

29

90

Cyprus ħ¯ëñ©

18,235

30

95

Uzbekistan ºøÀ®©ò¦«¾−

16,088

31

96

Bahrain ®¾Àëñ−

16,065

32

97

Jordan ¥ðÁ©−

14,318

33

99

Myanmar ´¼−´É¾

13,002

34

102

Brunei ®ëøÄ−

11,438

35

117

Nepal À−¯¾−

7,994

36

121

Cambodia ¡¿¯øÀ¥¨

7,096

37

123

Armenia º¾À´À−¨

6,410

38

144

Kyrgyzstan À¡ó¡ò¦«¾−

2,822

39

145

Tajikistan ªñ¡´ò−ò¦«¾−

2,811

40

146

Mongolia ´ö¤Â¡Àì¨

2,803

42

160

Bhutan ®øª¾−

983

43

175

Timor-Leste ªò´ð

356

Turkmenistan Àªò¡´ó−ò¦«¾−

21,846

Official UNDP web site

IV. ¡¾−츴¡÷È´¡¾−²ñ©ê½−¾À¦©«½¡ò© Trade blocs ¡÷È´¡¾−£É¾ Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ¡÷È´À¦©«½¡ò©º¾§ó ¯¾§ò³ëò¡ 30

Asia-Europe Economic Meeting ¡÷È´À¦©«½¡ò©º¾§óμøÂì® Association of Southeast Asian Nations ¡÷È´À¦©«½¡ò©º¾§¼− Gulf Cooperation Council ¡÷È´À¦©«½¡ò©¢º¤¡÷È´¯½Àꩺ¾ëñ® Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement ¡÷È´À¦©«½¡ò©À£õº¥ñ¡¡½²ñ©¥ó− Commonwealth of Independent States ¡÷È´À¦©«½¡ò©º¾©ò©¯½Àꩦ½¹½²¾® §¹¸¼© South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ¡÷È´À¦©«½¡ò©º¾§óĪÉ

Asia-Pacific

Economic

Cooperation

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(APEC)

Headquarters ¦¿−ñ¡¤¾−ùȨ

Singapore ¯½Àꩦ󤡾¯

Type

Economic forum

Member countries

21

Leaders Executive Director

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Establishment ¸ñ−¦É¾¤ª˜¤

Colin S. Heseltine 1989

Website http://www.apec.org/ ¡÷È´À¦©«½¡ò©º¾§ó

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À²¾½¡¾−ªÒªÉ¾−¡¾−¡Ò¡¾−»É¾¨ ®Ò²¼¤ÁªÈ Àꉾ−š ®ñ−¹¾¡¾−°½ìò©º¾¸÷©−ò¸À£ù¨¢º¤ À¡ö¾¹ùóÀÎõº¡Ò¨ñ¤Ä©É«õ¡¨ö¡¢œ−´¾¦ö−ê½−¾ Áì½ ¯½−¾´ìñ© ê½®¾−À¡ö¾¹ùóÀÎõº Áì½ ºó¡®ñ−¹¾Îˆ¤ê†¦¿£ñ−¡Ò£õ¸È¾ ¡÷È´ÀºÀ¯ñ¡Ä©ÉÀ−˜−®ñ−¹¾¡¾−®Òùɦɾ¤º¾¸÷©−ò¸ À£ùó¨ «É¾®Ò

¥¿À¯ñ− ®ñ−¹¾©„¤¡È¾¸º¾À´ëó¡¾ Áì½ ëñ©À§¨¡ÒÄ©Éùɣ¸¾´¦ö−Ã¥À¯ñ−²òÀ¦©.

¡º¤¯½§÷´£˜¤ªÒįꆡ¿ìñ¤¥½¥ñ©¢œ−ꆯ½Àꩺö©¦½ª¾ìó, À´õº¤§ò©−ó¯ó 2007 Member economy

Date of accession

Australia ºº©¦ÀªÀì¨

1989

Brunei ®ëøÄ−

1989

Canada £¾−¾©¾

1989

Chile §òìó

1994

Chinese Taipei Īɹñ¸−

1991

Hong Kong, China ëö¤¡ö¤

1991

Indonesia ºò−©À−À§¨

1989

Japan μ†¯÷È−

1989

Malaysia ´¾ÀìÀ§¨

1989

Mexico À´ñ¡§ò¡

1993

New Zealand −ò¸§òÁì−

1989

Papua New Guinea ¯¾¯ö¸−ò¸¡ò−ó

1993

People's Republic of China ¥ó−

1991

Peru À¯ëø

1998

Philippines ³òìò®¯ó−

1989

Russia ëñ©À§¨

1998

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

1989

Republic of Korea À¡ö¾Íó

1989

34

Thailand Äê

1989

United States ¦½¹½ìñ©º¾À´ìò¡¾

1989

Vietnam ¸¼©−¾´

1998

Annual meetings of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ¡º¤¯½§÷´¯½¥¿¯ó Date ¸ñ−\À©õº−\¯ó

Host member

Location

À¥í¾²¾®

¦½«¾−ê† Canberra

1st

6–7\11\ 1989

Australia ºº©¦ÀªÀì¨

2nd

29–31\7\ 1990

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

3rd

12–14\11\ 1991

4th

10–11\9\1992

5th

19–20\11\ 1993

6th

15\11\1994

Indonesia ºò−©À−À§¨

Bogor ®¡ð

7th

19\11\ 1995

Japan μ†¯÷È−

Osaka º§¾¡É¾

8th

25\11\1996

Republic of Korea À¡ö¾Íó Thailand Äê United States ¦½¹½ìñ©º¾À´ìò¡¾

Philippines ³òìò®¯ó−

Á£−À®óëɾ

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

Seoul § Bangkok ®ñ¤¡º¡ Seattle §óº¾ÂªÉ

Manila and Subic ´¾−òì¾ Áì½ §ø®ò¡

Vancouver

9th

24–25\11\ 1997

Canada £¾−¾©¾

10th

17–18\11\ 1998

Malaysia ´¾ÀìÀ§¨

11th

12–13\9\1999

New Zealand −ò¸§òÁì− Auckland 35

Á¸−£øÀ¸š

Kuala Lumpur ¡øì¾ì¿À¯ó

ºº¡Áì− Brunei Darussalem

12th

15–16\11\2000

13th

20–21\10\ 2001

14th

26–27\10\ 2002

Mexico À´ñ¡§ò¡

15th

20–21\10 2003

Thailand Äê

16th

20–21\11\2004

Chile §óìó

17th

18–19\11\ 2005

18th

18–19\11\ 2006

Vietnam ¸¼©−¾´

Hanoi ¹¾Â−ɨ

19th

8–9\11\ 2007

Australia ºº©¦ÀªÀì¨

Sydney §ò©−š

20th

11\2008

Peru À¯ëø

Lima ìó´É¾

21st

11\2009

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

22nd

11\ 2010

Japan μ†¯÷È−

®ëøÄ− People's Republic of China ¥ó−

Republic of Korea À¡ö¾Íó

Brunei ®ëøÄ− Shanghai §¼¤Ä» Los Cabos

Â즣¾Â®¦ Bangkok ®ñ¤¡º¡

Santiago §¾−Àª¨º¾Â¡É Busan ®ø§¾−

http://www.apec.org

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ¡÷È´º¾§È¼−.

Hymn Seat of Secretariat ¦¿−ñ¡¤¾−ùȨ

Jakarta, Indonesia −½£º−͸¤¥ñ¡¡¾ªÉ¾, ºó−©−óÀ§¨

Membership

10 Southeast Asian states

36

Leaders -

Secretary General À좾êò¡¾−ù¨È

Ong Keng Yong

Area - Total

4,465,5001 km² sq mi

Population -

estimate

- Density GDP (PPP)

566.3 million (2006) 125 /km² /sq mi 2007 estimate

- Total

US$ 3.184 trillion (2007)

- Per capita

US$ 5,541

GDP (nominal)

2007 estimate

- Total

US$ 1.173 trillion (2007)

- Per capita

US$ 2,041

HDI

0.708 (medium) (110th)

Currency

see footnote 3 below

Time zone

(UTC+6½ to +9)

Website http://www.aseansec.org/

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ªÒ¥¾¡¡º¤¯½§÷´ê†´½−óì¾ 5 ¯ó Ã−¡º¤¯½§÷´¦÷©¨º©¯ó 2001 ®ñ−©¾°øÉ−¿¢º¤ ¯½Àꩺ¾§È¼−ĩɪö¡ìö¤¥½²ö®¯½¹¾ìõ¡ñ−Ã−ê÷¡Å¯ó 40

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¥ñ©¡º¤¯½§÷´Ã−¯ó 2006 À−ˆº¤¥¾¡«õ¡¡ö©©ñ−¥¾¡ ¦½¹½ìñ©º¾À´ëò¡¾ Áì½ ¦½¹½ ²¾®μ÷Âë®. + ¡º¤¯½§÷´¯½À²©ºˆ−Å. −º¡¥¾¡¡º¤¯½§÷´¢˜−¦÷©¨º©Áìɸ ¡º¤¯½§÷´ê†À¯ñ−꾤¡¾− Áì½ ¡º¤¯½§÷´

ì¿©ñ® ªÈ¾¤Å ¡ÒÄ©É»ñ®¡¾−¥ñ©ª˜¤¦½ÀÏó´¾À§„−: ¡º¤¯½§÷´ì½©ñ®ìñ©ê½´ö−ªóº¾§È¼− ¹ùœ ¡º¤¯½§÷´ì½©ñ® £½−½¡¿´½êò¡¾−¢½Î¾©−ɺ¨ ¡º¤¯½§÷´ÁªÈì½ì½©ñ®−˜−Á´È−Ä©É

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ASEAN Formal Summits ¡º¤¯½§÷´ê¾¤¡¾−¦÷©¨º©¢º¤º¾§ú¼− Date

Country

Host

1st

23-Œ24\2\ 1976

Indonesia ºò−©À−À§¨

Bali ®¾Íó

2nd

4-5\8\ 1977

Malaysia ´¾ÀìÀ§¨

3rd

14-Œ15\12\ 1987

Philippines ³òìò®¯ó−

4th

27-Œ29\1\ 1992

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

5th

14-Œ15\12\ 1995

Thailand Äê

Bangkok ®ñ¤¡º¡

6th

15-Œ16\12\ 1998

Vietnam ¸¼©−¾´

Hanoi ¹¾Â−ɨ

Kuala Lumpur

¡øì¾ì¿À¯ó

Manila ´¾−òì¾ Singapore

¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

Bandar Seri

7th

5-6\11\2001

Brunei ®ëøÄ−

8th

4Œ-5\11\2002

Cambodia ¡¿¯øÀ¥¨

9th

7Œ-8\10\ 2003

Indonesia ºò−©À−À§¨

Bali ®¾Íó

10th

29--Œ30\12\ 2004

Laos 쾸

Vientiane ¸¼¤¥ñ−

11th

12-Œ14\12\ 2005

Malaysia ´¾ÀìÀ§¨

41

Begawan

®ñ−©¾§òëò¡¾¸ñ− Phnom Penh

²½−ö´À¯ñ−

Kuala Lumpur

¡øì¾ì¿À¯ó

12th

11-Œ14\11\ 20071

Philippines ³òìò®¯ó−

13th

13-Œ21\12\ 2007

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

14th

2008

Thailand Äê

15th

2009

Vietnam ¸¼©−¾´

Cebu À§®ø

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

Postponed from December 10-Œ14, 2006 due to Typhoon Seniang. À−ˆº¤´¾¥¾¡À¡ó©²½¨÷Īɱ÷È−μøȳòìò®¯ó−, ¡º¤¯½§÷´ê†´ó¡¿−ö©¥½¥ñ©¢œ−Ã−¸ñ−êó 10-Œ14, 2006 ¥ˆ¤«ô¡ À숺− ´¾¥ñ©Ã¦È 11-Œ14\11\ 2007 Áê−

ASEAN Informal Summits ¡º¤¯½§÷´ê†®ÒÀ¯ñ−꾤¡¾−¦÷©¨º©¢º¤º¾§ú¼− Date

Country

Host

1st

30\11\1996

Indonesia ºò−©À−À§¨ Jakarta ¥ñ¡¡¾ªÉ¾

2nd

14-16\12\ 1997

Malaysia ´¾ÀìÀ§¨

3rd

27-28\11\1999

Philippines ³òìò®¯ó−

Manila ´¾−òì¾

4th

22-25\11\ 2000

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

Singapore ¦ò¤¡¾Â¯

Kuala Lumpur

¡øì¾ì¿À¯ó

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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) ¡÷È´¦½´¾§ò¡¢º¤¯½Àê©Àº¡½ì¾© ¢º¤º½©ó©¦½¹½²¾®Â§¹¸¼© Headquarters ¦¿−ñ¡¤¾−μ¹È¨

Minsk, Belarus À´õº¤´ó¤, À®ì¾ë÷¦

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Membership ¦½´¾§ò¡

Commonwealth À£ôº¥ñ¡¡½²ö® 11 member states 1 associate member 11 ¯½Àꩦ½´¾§ò¡ Áì½ 1

¯½Àꩦñ¤À¡©¡¾− Leaders °øÉ−¿ -

Executive Secretary À좾êò¡¾−

Establishment ¸ñ−¦É¾¤ª˜¤

Vladimir Rushailo ¸¾ìñ©©óÀ´¨ ëñ¦Ä§Âì 21/12| 1991

Website http://cis.minsk.by ¡¾−Áª¡¦½¹ù¾¨¢º¤¦½¹½²¾®Â§¹¸¼©Ã−¯ó 1991 ®ñ−©¾°øÉ−¿¢º¤ìñ©À§¨, À®ë¾ ë÷© Áì½ μøÀ£ë− ¡ÒÄ©ÉÀ¢í¾´¾¯ô¡¦¾¹¾ìõ¡È¼¸¡ñ®£¸¾´Ï˜−£ö¤ Áì½ ¦‰¤À¦ó´ê¾¤À¦© «½¡ò©¢º¤®ñ−©¾º½©ó©

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44

ªÒ´¾Ã−À©õº− 12 ¯ó 1991 ®ñ−©¾°øÉ−¿¢º¤®ñ−©¾ 11 ¯½Àê© ê†Á¨¡ºº¡¥¾¡¦½¹½ ²¾®Â§¹¸¼©Ä©É À¢í¾´¾²ö®¯½ Áì½ ¯ô¡¦¾¹¾ìõ¡ñ−ꆯ½Àê©¡¾§ñ¡¦½«¾− Áì½ »È¸´

¡ñ−À§ñ−¦ö−êò¦ñ−¨¾¡¾−¡Òª˜¤ ºö¤ ¡¾−À¦©«½¡ò©º½©ó©¦½¹½²¾®Â§¹¸¼©. À«ó¤μȾ¤Ã© ¡Ò©ó ¯½Àê© Àºñ©¦½ÂªÀ−¨, ëñ©À¸¨ Áì½ ìò©êøÀ−¨ ĩɯ½ªòÀ¦©ê†¥½À¢í¾»È¸´

ºö¤¡¾−¥ñ©ª˜¤©„¤¡È¾¸ Ã−ªº−Á졯½Àê©¥ðÀ¥¨¡Ò´ó£¸¾´ìñ¤Àì Ã−¡¾−ªñ©¦ò−Ã¥À¢í¾ »È¸´À¯ñ−¦½´¾§ò¡ À−ˆº¤´¾¥¾¡¡ö©®ñ©¢º¤ºö¤¡¾−¥ñ©ª˜¤©„¤¡È¾¸Ä©É»ñ®¯½¡ñ− À¢©º¿ −¾©º½êò¯½Äª

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¡È¾¸Ã−ªº− 꿺ò©´ó²¼¤ÁªÈ 10 ¯½Àê©Àꉾ−˜−ê†À¢í¾»È¸´À¯ñ−¦½´¾§ò¡Ã−¯ó 1993 ªÒ´¾¥ðÀ¥¨¡ÒÄ©ÉÀ¢í¾»È¸´Ã− À©õº− 12 Ã−¯ó©¼¸¡ñ−. 쾨§ˆ¯½Àꩦ½´¾§ò¡¯ñ©¥÷®ñ−츴´ó: º¾À´À−¨ (1991), ºñ©À§ó®¾¨¥ñ− (1993), À®ë¾ë÷© (1991), ¡¾§ñ¡¦½«¾− (1991), ´©¸¾ (1991), ëñ©À§¨ (1991), μøÀ£ë−

(1991), º÷À®¡ò©¦½«¾− (1991), ¥ðÀ¥¨ (1993) ÁªÈ«º−ªö¸ºº¡¥¾¡¦½´¾§ò¡ Ã−À©õº− 2 ¯ó 2006 , Àªó¡´ó−󦽫¾− (1991) Áì½ ¡Ò«º−ªö¸ºº¡Ã−¯ó 2005. The Commonwealth of Independent States is a loose confederation. Two of the Post-Soviet states in 1997 formed the Union of Russia and Belarus, a loose confederal grouping at present which has the stated intention of re-forming a USSR-like federation at some unspecified future date.

Members •

•

Current members: o Armenia º¾À´À−¨(1991) o

Azerbaijan ºñ¦À§ó®¾¨¥ñ−(1993)

o

Belarus À®ì¾ë÷¦(1991)

o

Kazakhstan ¡¾§ñ¡¦½«¾−(1991)

o

Kyrgyzstan À¡ó¡ò¦«¾−(1991)

o

Moldova ´©¸É¾(1991)

o

Russia ëñ¦À§¨(1991)

o

Tajikistan ª¾¥ò¥ò¦«¾−(1991)

o

Ukraine μø£½Àëñ−(1991)

o

Uzbekistan ºøÀ®¡ò¦«¾−(1991)

Current members outside the Council of Defense Ministers o Georgia (1993; withdrew from the Council in February 2006)

45

•

Former members/Associate members: o Turkmenistan (1991; withdrew 2005, associate member since then)

•

Turkmenistan: In August 2005, Turkmenistan downgraded its CIS status to an associate member.[10]

•

Russia: In March 2007, Igor Ivanov, the secretary of the Russian Security Council, expressed his doubts concerning the usefulness of CIS, and emphasizing that the EurAsEC became a more competent organization to unify the biggest countries of the CIS. [11].

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ĩɦ‰¤ ªö¸Áê−−ñ¡¡òì¾À¢í¾Á¢È¤¢ñ−Ã−−¾´êò´ì¸´¢º¤¦½¹½²¾®Â§¹¸¼© ¹ùõ êò´ì¸´ ¢º¤¯½Àꩦ½´¾ §ò¡º½©ó©¦½¹½²¾®Â§¹¸¼©. −ñ®ÁªÈ−˜−À¯ñ−ªí−´¾¡¾−À¢í¾»È¸´ Á¢È¤¢ñ−¡òì¾μøÈÁªÈì½Á¹È¤ ®ñ−©¾¯½ Àꩦ½´¾§ò¡ºö¤¡¾−¡Òĩɦ‰¤ªö¸Áê−¢º¤ÁªÈì½

¯½Àê©¢º¤ªö−Àº¤À¢í¾»È¸´. Statutory bodies

The affairs of CIS member states are governed by the following statutory bodies: •

Council of the Heads of States ¦½²¾¯½´÷¡ìñ©

•

Council of the Heads of Governments ¦½²¾¹ö¸Îɾìñ©«½®¾−

•

Council of Foreign Ministers ¦½²¾ìñ©«½´ö−ªó¡¾−ªÈ¾¤¯½Àê©

•

Council of Defense Ministers ¦½²¾ ìñ©«½´ö−ªó¯Éº¤¡ñ−¯½Àê©

•

Council of Border Troops Commanders ¦½²¾¡º¤®ñ−§¾¡¾−ª¾´§¾¨Á©−

•

Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (IPA) ¦½²¾Ã¹È¨

•

Economic Court ¦¾−Á¡ÉÄ¢¢Ó¢ñ©Á¨È¤ê¾¤À¦©«½¡ò©

Executive bodies ¦½²¾®ðìò¹¾− 46

• •

•

Economic Council ¦½²¾À¦©«½¡ò© Council of the Member-State Permanent Representatives ¦½²¾°øÉÁê−¯½Àꩦ½´¾§ò¡ Executive Committee ¦½²¾£½−½¡¿´½¡¾−

Agencies for economic cooperation ¦¿−ñ¡¤¾−¡¾−»È¸´´õ©É¾−À¦©«½¡ò© • • •

Interstate Statistical Committee £½−½¡¿´½¡¾−©É¾−¦½§òªò Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification ¦½²¾¡¸©¦º®£¸¾´«ô¡ªºÉ¤ Interstate Council for Emergencies Caused by Natural Phenomena and Industrial Activities ¦½²¾Á¡ÉÄ¢À¹©¦÷¡À¦ó−

•

Interstate Ecological Council ¦½²¾©É¾−ì½®ö®−òÀ¸©¸ò꽨¾

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South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Headquarters ¦¿−ñ¡¤¾−ùȨ Membership ¦½´¾§ò¡

Kathmandu, Nepal ¡ñ©´ñ−©ø, À−¯¾− 8 ¯½Àꩦ½´¾§ò© Áì½ 6 ¯½Àê©°øɦñ¤À¡©¡¾−

Leaders °øÉ−¿ -

Secretary General À좾êò¡¾−ùȨ

Establishment ¸ñ−¦É¾¤ª˜¤

Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji 8\12\ 1985

Area À−›ºê† 4

Total

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5,130,746 km² (7th1) sq mi

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Population ¯½§¾¡º− -

2004 estimate

1,467,255,669 (1st1)

-

Density £¸¾´Ï¾ÁÎÉ−

285.9 /km² /sq mi

GDP (PPP)

2005 estimate

-

Total

US$ 4,074,031 million (3th1)

-

Per capita

US$ 2,777

Website http://www.saarc-sec.org/

μøÈÃ−êɾ¨§÷´¯ó 1970 ¯½ê¾−¾êò®ð©ó ®ñ¤¡¾À©ñ© êȾ−ì¾´¾− Ä©ÉÀ¯ñ−ªö¸ª˜¤ªö¸ªó

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Àºö¾ º¾À´ëò¡¾, À¡ö¾¹ùóÃªÉ Áì½ ¦½¹½ ²¾®μøÂë® À¢í¾À¯ñ−°øɦñ¤À¡©¡¾−. ªÒ´¾Ã−¸ñ−ê† 4/03/2007 ºóë¾− ¡Òĩɦ½Ïñ¡¢ðÀ¯ñ− °øɦñ¤À¡©¡¾−−¿ºö¤¡¾−©„¤¡È¾¸.

Membership ¦½´¾§ò¡ Current members ¦½´¾§ò¡Ã−¯½¥÷®ñ− • • • • • • • •

Observers °øɦñ¤À¡©¡¾− • • • • • •

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan People's Republic of Bangladesh Kingdom of Bhutan Republic of India Republic of Maldives State of Nepal Islamic Republic of Pakistan Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

People's Republic of China European Union[6] Islamic Republic of Iran[7] Japan[6] Republic of Korea[6] United States of America[6]

Secretaries General À좾êò¡¾−ùȨ Abul Ahsan Kant Kishore Bhargava Ibrahim Hussain Zaki Yadav Kant Silwal Naeem U. Hasan Nihal Rodrigo Q.A.M.A. Rahim Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji

16 January 1987 to 15 October 1989 October 17, 1989 to December 31, 1991 January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1993 January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1995 January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998 January 1, 1999 to January 10, 2002 January 11, 2002 to February 28, 2005 March 1, 2005 to date

List of SAARC summits º¾©ò©¡º¤¯½§÷´ 1st

Dhaka

2nd

Bangalore

3rd

Kathmandu

4th

Islamabad

5th

Malé

6th

Colombo

December 7-8 1985 November 16-17 1986 November 2-4 1987 December 29-31 1988 November 21-23 1990 December 21, 50

9th 10th

Malé Colombo

May 12-14 1997 July 29-31 1998

11th

January 4-6 2002

12th

Kathmandu Islamabad

13th

Dhaka

14h 15th

New Delhi [8]

January 2-6 2004 November 12-13 2005 April 3-4 2007

7th 8th

Dhaka New Delhi

1991 April 10-11 1993 May 2-4 1995

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Àº¡¡½¦¾−ºÉ¾¤ºó¤ 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia

2. Official UNDP web site 3. http://www.apec.org 5

http://www.saarc-sec.org/

51

4. 5. 6.

http://www.aseansec.org http://cis.minsk.by http://www.saarc-sec.org

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