Are Women More Ethical Than Men.doc

Are Women More Ethical Than Men? (in business) Nghiên cứu 1: Research shows that men tend to have more lenient ethical standards than women, a challenge for sustainable business (kinh doanh bền vững).

Gender differences According to Kray, men and women each need different kinds of support to enable them to stick to their principles. Men tend to apply ethical standards egocentrically (áp dụng các tiêu chuẩn đạo đức 1 cách tư lợi) and to see these decisions as "just business". Helping them feel secure that making an ethical decision won't make them look weak or lessen their manhood (nam tính) will be crucial. On the other hand, women see ethical decisions as "beyond business" and outside of ego (ra ngoài bản ngã).

Nghiên cứu 2: A 2013 study done by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School suggests that women are less willing than men to sacrifice ethical values for money and social status, and that women associate business with immorality (sự vô đạo đức) more strongly than men.

Women, on average, show less interest in the job than their male counterparts. According to the study’s lead researcher Jessica Kennedy, women were more likely to admit they would struggle with sacrificing their values to do the things they would be asked to do while men seem more willing to sacrifice their ethical values in exchange for money or success on the job. Not only has research found that women are less willing to compromise (thỏa hiệp) ethical standards for career success, but that they are also more likely to believe that corporate ethical codes would make a positive difference. This implies they are more willing than men to establish an ethical culture in an organization and set an ethical tone at the top. Indeed, that means they could be more ethical leaders than men.

Women tend to justify actions (biện minh cho hành động) based on an ethics of compassion (lòng trắc ẩn) while men adhered (tôn trọng) more to proper procedures (các phương thức riêng biệt) or law and rules.

Does this mean that women have the ethical edge (lợi thế về đạo đức)? No. The reason is that there are times in which compassion is the ethical standard but there are times when adherence to rules is better. Two examples are given: women find it unacceptable for a company to manufacture equipment used by police and military to extract information from prisoners, while many more men didn’t object to the practice. Given the choice of an organic farm buying cheaper products overseas that would harm the environment because of carbon emissions and use of fuel, nearly all men in the survey would make the switch to increase profits while about half the women did.